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SECTION
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CHEMICAL ENERGY AND ATP
Study Guide
KEY CONCEPT
All cells need chemical energy.
VOCABULARY
ADP
ATP
MAIN IDEA: The chemical energy used for most cell processes
chemosynthesis
is carried by ÄTP.
1. What do all cells use for energy?
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
2.
What is ATP?
A molecule that transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell processes.
3.
What is the relationship between ATP and ADP?
ATP is higher energy molecule that is converted into lower energy ADP when a phosphate group is removed
and energy released. ADP is converted back to ATP by the addition of a phosphate group.
Fill in the four parts of the cycle diagram below to take notes on the relationship between
ATP and ADP.
Phospate
removed; energy
released
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High energy ATP
Lower Energy
ADP
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Energy added
from breakdown
of carbon
molecules;
phosphate added
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Unit 2 Resource Book
McDougal Littell Biology
study Guide 31
Period
Name
Date
STUDY GUIDE, CONTINUED
MAIN IDEA: Organisms break down carbon-based
Use the table below
molecules to produce ATP.
to organize your notes about the different types of molecules that
are
broken down to make ATP.
Type of Molecule
Carbohydrates
Role in ATP Production
4. molecules most commonly broken down;
glucose yeilds about 36 ATP; 4 calories/mg
Lipids
5. Store most of the energy in a person's body;
triglyceride yields about 146 ATP;
9 calories/mg
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Proteins
6. Least likely to be broken down;
store about the same amount of energy as carbohydrates;
4 calories/mg
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MAIN IDEA: A few types of organisms do not
need sunlight and photosynthesis as
a source of energy.
7. What is chemosynthesis?
A process by which some organisms use chemical energy instead of light energy to make energy-storing
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carbon based molecules.
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Vocabulary Check
8.
The prefix tri- means "three," and the prefix dl- means "two," How do these prefixes tell
you the difference between adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate
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ATP--three phosphate groups
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ADP--two phosphate groups
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9.
The prefix chemo- means "chemical," and synthesis comes from a Greek word that
means "to put together." How do these meanings tell you what chemosynthesis does?
Together they mean "to put together with chemicals" in chemosynthesis, chemical energy is used to produce
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carbon-based molecules that store energy.
32 Study Guide
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Unit 2 Resource Book
McDougal Littell Biology