PERIOD 8c STIMULUS MULTIPLE CHOICE PRACTICE
(Note--The concepts are directly from the Curriculum Framework’s Key
Concepts. The targets are Mr. Kujawa’s “student friendly” objectives which
mirror those sub-concepts found under each Key Concept. Refer to “ConceptsContent” for each unit for a complete description of those targets on Mr.
Kujawa’s website found in the tab “Course Materials”.)
Source 1--Geraldine Ferraro, Democrat Vice Presidential Candidate, 1984
There was only one line everyone agreed I should use on the subject of national
security when [George] Bush would offer the inevitable insinuation that as a man and a former
Navy pilot he was better equipped to defend the country than I was. “You don’t have to have
fought in a war to love peace,” I would say back to him. A good line, to be sure. But an
irritating subject. Women were simply not supposed to know as much about foreign policy or
be as strong on defense as were men. Nowhere was the double standard more apparent than
over this issue.
01. The event described in the excerpt was a continuation of what trend in the 1980’s?
[NAT, POL; Continuity-Change Over Time; Concept 2, Target 3]
a. The implication that women had achieved significant social progress.
b. The likelihood that women would be appointed to a legal position.
c. The perception that women lacked the skill to politically lead.
d. The belief that women should be able to enter the military.
02. Which of the following pieces of evidence most directly supports the assertion expressed
by the author? [NAT, POL; Argumentation; Concept 2, Target 3]
a. Women being employed in previously male-orientated fields.
b. Women earning less than men despite having more experience.
c. Women attending college in co-educational institutions.
d. Women waiting longer to get married and become pregnant.
Source 2--Statement, 1972 Trail Of Broken Treaties, American Indian Movement
The President should immediately create a multi-lateral, Indian and non-Indian
Commission to review domestic treaty commitments and complaints of chronic violations and
to recommend or act for corrective actions including the imposition of mandatory sanctions or
interim restraints upon violative activities, and including formulation of legislation designed to
protect the jeopardized Indian rights and eliminate the unending patterns of prohibitively
complex lawsuits and legal defenses--which habitually have produced indecisive and interment
results, only too frequently forming guidelines for more court battles, or additional challenges
and attacks against Indian rights. Indians have paid attorneys and lawyers more than
$40,000,000 since 1962. Yet many Indian people are virtually imprisoned in the nation's
courtrooms in being forced constantly to defend their rights, while many tribes are forced to
maintain a multitude of suits in numerous jurisdictions relating to the same or a single issue, or
a few similar issues. There is less need for more attorney assurances than there is for
institution of protections that reduce violations and minimize the possibilities for attacks upon
Indian rights.
03. The evidence provided in the excerpt reflects which direction taken by tribal groups in the
1970’s? [NAT, POL; Continuity-Change Over Time; Concept 2, Target 3]
a. Intensifying efforts to preserve their heritage.
b. Lobbying to Congress for welfare assistance.
c. Generating support to adopt American values.
d. Insisting that past agreements be abandoned.
Source 3--”Salute To The President”, Pittsburgh Courier, October 12, 1957
Colored Americans everywhere join in saluting President Eisenhower for his forthright
stand...despite caustic criticism from the hard core segregationist Southerners and their less
vocal Northern sympathizers. He used [his authority]..to federalize the Jim-Crow Arkansas
National Guard and saw that they performed their duty as Governor Faubus prevented them
from doing.
04. Which of the following activities most closely parallels the actions taken by President
Eisenhower? [NAT, POL; Continuity-Change Over Time; Concept 2, Target 1]
a. Schoolchildren attending integrated schools as a result of the Brown decision.
b. State police being called in to forcibly remove protesters in Birmingham, Alabama.
c. Federal marshals protecting James Meredith at the University of Mississippi.
d. Civil rights activities organizing a voter registration drive in Selma, Alabama.
05. This excerpt most directly reflects commentary on the inconsistency of states: [NAT,
POL; Use Of Evidence; Concept 2, Target 1]
a. issuing habeas corpus.
c. exercising eminent domain.
b. guaranteeing freedom of assembly.
d. promoting equal protection of the law.
Source 4--Autobiography Of Cesar Chavez, La Causa, 1975
The only way is to continue struggling. It’s just like plateaus. We get a union, then we
want to struggle for something else. The moment we sit down and rest on our laurels, we’re
in trouble. We have to make our influence felt everywhere and anywhere. I think that we can
develop economic power and put it into the hands of the people so they can have more
control of their own lives, and then begin to change the system.
06. The concerns expressed by the author were a direct response to: [NAT, POL, WXT;
Contextualization; Concept 2, Target 3]
a. national minimal wage legislation.
c. state voter eligibility criteria.
b. agricultural business monopolies.
d. federal consumer protections.
07. The author would have most likely supported which of the following actions? [NAT, POL,
WXT; Contextualization; Concept 2, Target 3]
a. State government deregulation of industry.
b. Court decisions protecting open shops.
c. Congressional rejection of the green card program.
d. Federal enforcement of safety and health laws.
Source 5
08. The perspective in the excerpt most directly supports which of the following about the
Civil Rights movement of the mid-1960’s? [NAT, CUL; Interpretation; Concept 2, Target
2]
a. The fear of retaliation toward whites who supported black rights was minimal.
b. The act of revenge toward whites who openly championed black freedom was futile.
c. The use of intimidation against whites who opposed black justice was prominent.
d. The threat of violence against whites who promoted black liberty was matter-of-fact.
09. The attitude of Jack Hill reflected in the excerpt most closely resembles the ideology of:
[NAT, CUL; Interpretation; Concept 2, Target 2]
a. Bobby Seale.
b. Stokely Carmichael.
c. John Lewis.
d. Malcolm X.
Source 6--Pamphlet, Hope Bagger, 1975
At age 85, I know how they feel and what happens to them when they are made to feel
branded with the stigma of “no longer acceptable to normal society and its affairs”. From now
on, you live on the fringes of the productive world, even though they know themselves to be
as valuable as producers at age 66 as they were earlier...There is the loss of dignity, loss of
status...And so what the pro-mandatory retirement at age 65 or 70 advocates are recommending is actually the death, not of a person, but of a personality: the core and the worth of a
human being.
10. The evidence in the excerpt best supports which of the following trends in the 1970’s?
[WXT, SOC; Interpretation]
a. Social Security had been the primary income for older folks.
b. Americans generally retired earlier than previous generations.
c. Senior citizens increasingly were opponents of age discrimination.
d. Certain jobs regularly focused on hiring experienced workers.
Source 7
11. The overall pattern of income levels depicted in the bar graph was LEAST influenced by the
policies by: [NAT, POL, CUL; Causation]
a. FDR’s New Deal.
c. LBJ’s Great Society.
b. Eisenhower’s Dynamic Conservatism.
d. Nixon’s New Federalism.
12. The pattern of income levels depicted in the bar graph most directly resulted in: [NAT,
POL, CUL; Causation]
a. a steady decline in national birth rates.
b. the rise in consumer purchasing power.
c. growing support for supply-side economics.
d. higher poverty rates for African-Americans.
13. Which of the following developments after World War II was NOT directly responsible
for the pattern of income level for whites? [NAT, POL, CUL; Causation; Concept 2,
Target 1]
a. Suburban living patterns.
c. Servicemen’s Readjustment Act.
b. Rising levels of college graduates.
d. Declining federal income taxes.
14. The pattern of income levels depicted in the bar graph is most similar to which of the
following income levels in other historical periods? [WXT; Periodization]
a. Business owners and factory workers in the Gilded Age.
b. Cash crop agriculturalists in the Colonial Period.
c. White-collar and blue-collar workers post-Second World War.
d. Sharecroppers and tenant farmers post-Reconstruction.
Source 8--Account, Raymond Castro, NBC News, June 29, 2009
We went to the Stonewall Inn because it was one of the few places where you could
be yourself. You could dance, you could hold hands with someone you liked. In most other
places, you could not show any signs of emotional expression. If you were walking along the
street and you put your arm around somebody else, they would harass you...pull you over, see
if you had drugs. And if a gay guy was beaten by a straight guy nothing happened, you couldn’t
even press charges.
15. The conditions described in the excerpt stemmed most directly as a result of the: [POL,
CUL; Use Of Evidence; Concept 2, Target 3]
a. introduction of legislation prohibiting employers from discriminating based on sexual
orientation.
b. policy that barred openly gay, lesbian, or bisexual persons from military service.
c. harassment by law enforcement regarding the open activities of homosexuals and
lesbians.
d. assassination by a rival of the first openly gay city politician, who championed LGBT
issues.
Source 9--”Conflicting Daydreams”, Saturday Evening Post, September 19, 1959
16. Which of the following was the most immediate cause depicted in the scene? [NAT,
CUL; Causation; Concept 2, Target 3]
a. Widespread resistance to traditional roles.
b. Earnest struggle within women over pursuits.
c. Changing attitudes by men about gender equality.
d. Pressure to pursue a career rather than motherhood.
17. The events described in the excerpt was a continuation of what development in the 1980’s?
[NAT, CUL; Continuity-Change Over Time; Concept 2, Target 3]
a. Increasing numbers of single women employed with children.
b. Fewer married women working outside of the home.
c. Declining divorce rates for both men and women.
d. Rising sentiments for female submission in marriage and home.
18. _____ would be most supportive of the women’s thoughts, as depicted in the image.
[NAT, CUL; Contextualization; Concept 2, Target 3]
a. Advocates for Republican motherhood
b. Proponents of male chauvinism
c. Defenders of anti-feminist ideology
d. Opponents of Christian patriarchy
19. The ideas expressed in the excerpt were most reflective of women from the 1920’s in
that they: [NAT, CUL; Use Of Evidence; Concept 2, Target 3]
a. rarely were outspoken against authority figures.
b. openly challenged religious and social mores.
c. quickly bridged the wage gap with their male work counterparts.
d. generally refrained from exerting their independence.
Source 10--Charles E. Jones, The Black Panther Party Reconsidered, 2013
Although the movement’s strategy proved successful in dismantling the vestiges of
dejure segregation, the life chances of African American people nonetheless remained
unchanged. Blatant acts of police brutality, inadequate housing, inferior social services, and
rampant unemployment still plagued African-American communities. By this stage it was clear
the traditional civil rights organizations were unable to alter the systemic forces that adversely
impacted the lives of African American people, particularly in northern [cities].
20. Which of the following developments in the 1960’s best represent the continuation of
the ideas expressed in the excerpt? [NAT, POL, CUL; Continuity-Change Over Time;
Concept 2, Target 1]
a. Riots in urban areas, such as Watts in 1965.
b. Calls for racial unity, such as Washington, D.C. in 1963.
c. Voter registration drives, such as Selma in 1965.
d. Sit-in demonstrations, such as Greensboro, S.C. in 1960.
21. _____ would be most supportive of the actions taken by the group mentioned by the
author in the late 1960’s. [NAT, POL, CUL; Contextualization]
a. Frederick Douglass b. W.E.B. Du Bois c. Ida B. Wells d. Marcus Garvey
22. The evidence in the excerpt was most directly reflects which of the following turning
points in the 1960’s? [NAT, POL, CUL; Contextualization; Concept 2, Target 1]
a. Increasing numbers of blacks insisted marches tone down anti-white rhetoric.
b. Increasing numbers of blacks rejected separatism and self-determination.
c. Increasing numbers of blacks challenged segregationist practices in court.
d. Increasing numbers of blacks emphasized nationalism in their culture.
Source 11--Caroline Bird, What Women Want, 1978
The Declaration of Independence, signed in 1776, stated that “all men are created
equal” and that governments derive their powers “from the consent of the governed”.
Women were not included in either concept. The original American Constitution of 1787 was
founded on English common law, which did not recognize women as citizens or as individuals
with legal rights...It has been argued that the Equal Rights Amendment is not necessary because
the Fourteenth Amendment...guarantees that no state shall deny to “any person within its
jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws”...Aside from the fact that women have been
subjected to varying, inconsistent, and often unfavorable decisions under the Fourteenth
Amendment, the Equal Rights Amendment is a more immediate and effective remedy to sex
discrimination in federal and state laws than case-by-case interpretation under the Fourteenth
Amendment could ever be.
23. The excerpt was most likely a response to: [NAT, POL, CUL; Causation; Concept 2,
Target 3]
a. court rulings that strengthened individual liberty.
b. Congressional laws redefining gender bias.
c. groups on the left challenging the status quo.
d. support by conservatives of due process.
24. Opponents of the Equal Rights Amendment would most likely contend that: [NAT, POL,
CUL; Argumentation; Concept 2, Target 3]
a. confusion over its interpretation was underwhelming.
b. enforcement granted only to the federal government was intolerable.
c. clarification of sex inequality jurisprudence was satisfactory.
d. abolishment of federal laws on account of sex was preferable.
25. The ideas expressed by the author would most strongly influenced all of the following
issues EXCEPT: [NAT, POL, CUL; Causation; Concept 2, Target 3]
a. sexual harassment.
c. racial quotas.
b. the sale of contraceptives.
d. equal work for equal pay.
Source 12--Political Cartoon
26. The visual most directly reflects which of the following turning points of the Civil Rights
Movement? [NAT, POL, CUL; Periodization; Concept 2, Target 1]
a, Economic pressure was applied to settle political grievances.
b. Political tension arose from competing groups and conflicting groups.
c. Educational reform led to a reevaluation of societal values.
d. Social coercion lacked the desired impact sought by activists.
Source 13--Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique, 1963
If I am right, the problem that has no name stirring in the minds of so many American
women today is not a matter of loss of femininity or too much education, or the demands of
domesticity. It is far more important than anyone recognizes...It may well be the key to our
future as a nation and as a culture. We can no longer ignore that voice within women that
says, “I want something more than my husband and my children and my home”.
27. The excerpt was written most directly in response to which of the following? [NAT, POL.
CUL; Causation; Concept 2, Target 3]
a. Substantial social limitations placed upon females.
b. Adequate safeguards against gender discrimination.
c. Extremist hijacking of the women’s rights movement.
d. Direct opposition to the successes of black activists.
28. Those who opposed the ideas expressed in the excerpt argued that the author: [NAT,
POL, CUL; Synthesis; Concept 2, Target 3]
a. minimized the balance of job and parenting.
c. had a narrow definition of womanhood.
b. focused on white middle-class experiences. d. had chastised women voicing discontent.
29. Which of the following events was most influential to the position taken by the author?
[NAT, POL, CUL; Causation]
a. The Declaration Of Rights And Sentiments. c. The Development Of Settlement Houses.
b. The Cult Of True Womanhood.
d. The Temperance Movement.
Source 14
30. Proponents of this trend, as shown in the visual, continuing would most likely agree with
which of the following views about college athletic programs? [NAT, POL, WXT; Use
Of Evidence; Concept 2, Target 2]
a. They must offer partial scholarships for men.
b. They must neglect to account for gender equality.
c. They must be restricted to non-revenue sports.
d. They must be held under federal scrutiny.
Source 15--Interview, Peggy Terry, 1970
[I was raised to think], “I’m better than they are,” [that] there’s somebody below you
can kick...[Now], I use to live in Montgomery, and [living there] absolutely changed my life. It
forced white people to take a look at the situation...I remember one time Reverend King, he
came out of jail in all-white clothes. About five or six white men jumped him...When I
[personally] saw them beating on Reverend King and he didn’t fight back, and didn’t cuss like I
would have done, and he didn’t say anything, I was just turned upside down...
With all my feelings and what had happened in Montgomery, I was ready to take a step
forward and try to [undo] all the damage. When I believe in something, I act on it. I went
down and joined the local chapter for the [Congress For Racial Equality]. I enjoyed picketing,
too. I don’t remember who we were picketing, but this really well-dressed white woman said,
“Why are you out there doing this?” I had about six kids with me, mine and my girlfriends. I
said, “Well, where else could I go and be treated with this respect that I’ve been treated with
by Reverend King, the Nobel Peace Prize winner? No white Nobel Prize winner would pay
poor white trash like me the slightest attention. Reverend King does.”
31. The evidence in the excerpt best supports which of the following developments of the
Civil Rights Movement? [NAT, POL; Interpretation; Concept 2, Target 2]
a. The overturning of miscegenation laws.
b. The recruitment efforts of civil rights groups.
c. The effectiveness of the pacifist approach.
d. The lack of involvement by white moderates.
Source 16--Address To Congress, Lyndon Johnson, 1965
What happened in Selma is part of a far larger movement which reaches into every
section and state of America. It is the effort of American Negroes to secure for themselves
the full blessings of American life. Their cause must be our cause. Because it’s not just
Negroes, but in reality it’s all of us, who must overcome the crippling legacy of bigotry and
injustice. And we shall overcome...A century has passed since equality was promised, and yet
the Negro is not equal.
32. The beliefs expressed in the excerpt most strongly influenced which domestic affairs
decision in the 1960’s? [NAT, POL, CUL; Contextualization; Concept 2, Target 1]
a. Congressional passage of affirmative action.
b. Federal legislation securing black voter eligibility.
c. Southern support for anti-lynching laws.
d. Northern abandonment of de jure segregation.
Source 17--Supreme Court Justice John Marshall Harlan, Dissenting Opinion, Plessy vs.
Ferguson, 1896
The white race deems itself to be the dominant race in this country...But in the view of
the Court of the law, there is in this country no superior, dominant ruling class of
citizens...Our Constitution is color-blind...In respect of civil rights, all citizens are equal before
the law...It is, therefore, to be regretted that this high tribunal...has reached the conclusion
that it is competent for a state to regulate the enjoyment by citizens of their civil rights solely
upon the basis of race...We boast of the freedom enjoyed by our people above all other
peoples. But it is difficult to reconcile that boast with a state of the law which, practically, puts
the brand of servitude and degradation upon a large class of our fellow-citizens, our equals
before the law. The thin disguise of “equal” accommodations...will not mislead anyone, nor
atone for the wrong this day done.
33. The beliefs expressed by the author are in direct contradiction with what position? [POL;
Argumentation; Concept 2, Target 1]
a. The federal government has constitutional authority to supervise the business policies
within a state.
b. The Constitution contains several indirect references to slavery; therefore, passage of
segregation laws is legal.
c. State legislatures may set criteria for federal citizenship, such as voter eligibility and
educational standards.
d. State and federal laws which restrict fundamental political based on social distinctions
is illegal.
Source 18
Passage 1--Speech, Martin Luther King, November 14, 1966
Violence may murder the murderer, but it doesn’t murder murder. Violence may
murder the liar, but it doesn’t murder lie, it doesn’t establish truth. Violence may even
murder the dishonest man, but it doesn’t murder dishonesty. Violence may go to the point of
murdering the hater, but it doesn’t murder hate. It may increase hate. It is always a descending
spiral leading nowhere. This is the ultimate weakness of violence. It multiples evil and
violence in the universe. It doesn’t solve any problems.
Passage 2--Interview, Malcolm X, January 18, 1965
I don’t favor violence. If we could bring about recognition and respect of our people by
peaceful means, well and good. Everybody would like to reach his objectives peacefully. But
I’m also a realist. The only people in this country who are asked to be nonviolent are black
people. I’ve never heard anybody go to the KKK and teach them nonviolence...Nonviolence is
only preached to black Americans and I don’t go along with anyone who wants to teach our
people nonviolence until someone at the same time is teaching our enemy to be nonviolent. I
believe we should protect ourselves by any means necessary when we are attacked by racists.
34. The ideas expressed in Passage 2 most directly reflects which of the following turning
points in the decade? [NAT, SOC; Periodization; Concept 2, Target 2]
a. From concerns over economic advancement to race relations.
b. From concerns about legal rights to social justice.
c. From a shift of “Black Power” to “Content Of Character”.
d. From a shift of calls for unity to calls for separation.
35. The ideas expressed in Passage 1 most strongly influenced which event in the decade?
[NAT, SOC, Periodization; Concept 2, Target 1]
a. Brown v. Board of Education.
c. Freedom Riders.
b. Acquittal in Emmett Till case.
d. Boston busing desegregation.
36. The ideas expressed in Passage 2 are a continuation of: [NAT, SOC; Continuity-Change
Over Time]
a. W.E.B. Du Bois’ demands for political equality.
b. Booker T. Washington’s focus on industrial education.
c. A. Philip Randolph’s calls to integrate defense plants.
d. Marcus Garvey’s argument for self-reliance.
37. Taking into account both passages, the primary issue the authors would have agreed upon
was: [NAT, SOC; Comparison; Concept 2, Target 2]
a. securing fundamental liberties.
c. advocating interracial harmony.
b. fomenting black-white discord.
d. addressing northern urban problems.
38. Taking into account the ideologies of each author, ____ would approve of becoming part
of the establishment to combat racism. [NAT, SOC; Comparison; Concept 2, Target 2]
a. Martin Luther King
c. Martin Luther King and Malcolm X
b. Malcolm X
d. Martin Luther King nor Malcolm X
39. Which of the following best expresses the reaction of Martin Luther King toward the
position advocated by Malcolm X? [NAT, SOC; Synthesis; Concept 2, Target 2]
a. MLK publicly acknowledged Malcolm X’s views even though he knew his action would
alienate moderate whites and blacks.
b. MLK distanced himself from Malcolm X’s views because he thought moderate whites and
blacks would abandon his cause.
c. MLK privately agreed with Malcolm X’s views but decided against publicly supporting him,
for fear it would undermine his own philosophy.
d. MLK repeatedly admonished Malcolm X’s views to the media in response to criticisms
about being the center of attention in the movement.
PERIOD 8c STIMULUS SHORT RESPONSE PRACTICE
01. Respond to a), b), and c). [NAT, POL, WXT, CUL; Causation; Concept 2, Target 3]
a. Explain one specific cause for the rise of La Raza in the 1960’s.
b. Explain another specific cause for the rise of La Raza in the 1960’s.
c. Explain a specific political result of La Raza in the 1970’s.
02. Respond to a), b), and c). [NAT, POL, WXT, CUL; Continuity-Change Over Time;
Concept 2, Target 1]
a. Explain one specific continuity from 1960-1980 regarding American society’s general
attitudes toward racial equality.
b. Explain one specific change from 1960-1980 regarding American society’s general attitudes
toward racial equality.
c. Make an argument that there was more continuity or change from 1960-1980 regarding
American society’s general attitudes toward racial equality.
03. Respond to a), b), and c). [NAT, POL, WXT, CUL; Comparison; Concept 2, Target 3]
a. Explain one specific difference between Betty Friedan and Phyllis Schlafly for two of the
following areas:
++Gender roles
++Marriage and divorce
++Work and career
b. Explain what accounts for that difference for one of your choices in (a).
WE BELIEVE in the inherent right of all people to retain spiritual and cultural values,
and that the free exercise of these values is necessary to the normal development of any
people. Indians exercised this inherent right to live their own lives for thousands of years
before the white man came and took their lands. It is a more complex world in which Indians
live today, but the Indian people who first settled the New World and built the great
civilizations which only now are being dug out of the past, long ago demonstrated that they
could master complexity.
WE BELIEVE that the history and development of America show that the Indian has
been subjected to duress, undue influence, unwarranted pressures, and policies which have
produced uncertainty, frustration, and despair. Only when the public understands these
conditions and is moved to take action toward the formulation and adoption of sound and
consistent policies and programs will these destroying factors be removed and the Indian
resume his normal growth and make his maximum contribution to modern society.
WE BELIEVE in the future of a greater America, an America which we were the first to
love, where life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness will be a reality In such a future, with
Indians and all other Americans cooperating, a cultural climate will be created in which the
Indian people will grow and develop as members of a free society...
Declaration Of Indian Purpose, 1961
04. Use the excerpt to respond to a), b), and c). [NAT, POL, WXT, CUL; Comparison]
a. Explain one different goal of Native American activists of the 1960’s and of Native
American activists of the 1880’s/1890’s.
b. Explain another different goal of Native American activists of the 1960’s and of Native
American activists of the 1880’s/1890’s.
c. Explain what accounts for that difference in (a) or (b).
Demonstrators Protest Police Brutality, Selma, AL, March 12, 1965
05. Use the image to respond to a), b), and c). [NAT, POL, WXT, CUL; Contextualization;
Concept 2, Target 1]
a. Explain the point of view expressed through the photograph about two of the following:
++Racial and social division
++Role of the media
++Southern Democrats
b. Explain one development in the period 1965-1980 to support the point of view expressed
in the photograph.
Ramesh, Ponnuru, “The Issue Of Gay Marriage” 2003
06. Use the excerpt (the author writes for the National Review) to respond to a), b), and c).
[NAT, POL, CUL; Contextualization; Concept 2, Target 3]
a. Explain the point of view of the author on gay marriage.
b. Explain one specific development which supports a).
c. Explain one specific development that contradicts a).
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference has the basic aim of achieving full
citizenship rights, equality, and the integration of the Negro in all aspects of American life.
Our activity revolves around two main focal points: the use of nonviolent philosophy as the
means of creative protest; and securing the right of the ballot for every citizen. We never
seek to humiliate the opponent. Suffering is accepted without retaliation. Civil disobedience
is a natural consequence of nonviolence when the resisted is confronted by unjust and immoral
laws.
Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 1964
The black man in America is in a perpetual state of slavery no matter what the man’s
propaganda tells us. We are not alone in this fight, we are a part of the struggle for selfdetermination of all black men everywhere. We must first gain black power here in America.
It is our duty to revolt against the system and create our own system so that we can live as
men...We have received our training in the streets, in the jails, from the welfare check his
mother did not receive in time and the head-beatings he got from the cop on the corner...Black
is an inner pride that the white man’s language hampers us from expressing.
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, 1967
07. Use the excerpts to respond to a), b), and c). [NAT, POL, WXT, CUL; Interpretation;
Concept 2, Target 2]
a. Explain one specific difference between SCLC’s and SNCC’s interpretation of the
strategy employed to achieve civil rights.
b. Explain how one development from 1965-1980 not explicitly mentioned in the excerpts
could be used to support SCLC’s position.
c. Explain how one development from 1965-1980 not explicitly mentioned in the excerpts
could be used to support SNCC’s position.