2/12/2017
Reconstruction Amendments

13th Amendment –
Abolished slavery

14th Amendment –
guaranteed all citizens “due process” and “equal protection” of the laws from state governments

15th Amendment – Voting cannot be denied on the basis of race
Reconstruction Amendments
Jim Crow Laws
Jim Crow Laws
1
2/12/2017
Jim Crow Laws
Jim Crow Laws
Video – 4min
Jim Crow Laws

Segregation laws in the American South

Prevented blacks from sharing beaches, theaters, restaurants, water fountains, or public buses
Dixiecrats


Dixiecrats
Dixiecrats

The nickname of the States Rights’ Party
Formed when southern state delegates became upset that the Democrat Party added civil rights to their national platform
Called for continued segregation
2
2/12/2017
Executive Order 9981

Executive Order 9981

An executive order issued on July 26, 1948, by President Harry S Truman. It abolished racial segregation in the armed forces.
Mendez v. Westminster
A 1946 federal court case that challenged racial segregation in Orange County, California schools

Mendez v. Westminster
Sweatt v. Painter
Sweatt v. Painter
 This decision ended 100 years of segregation in California's public schools and became a key precedent for Brown vs. Board of Education

In 1946, Heman Sweatt, a black man, applied for admission to the University of Texas Law School

The Supreme Court found that the mere separation from the majority of law students harmed students' abilities to compete in the legal arena
3
2/12/2017
Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education
Video

1954 Supreme Court case out of Topeka, Kansas, that challenged the constitutionality of segregation in schools

Court found for the side of Linda Brown, declaring segregated schools illegal

Argued the Brown v. Board of Education case before the Supreme Court
Introduced data that suggested segregation psychologically damaged black students by lowering their self‐worth
Later became the first black member of the Supreme Court

Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall

George Wallace
George Wallace
Video

Governor of Alabama for 4 non‐consecutive terms, starting in 1963

Ran for president 4 times, losing all 4 attempts

Best known for blocking the entrance of 2 black students attempting to enter the University of Alabama in 1963
4
2/12/2017
Rosa Parks

Rosa Parks
Video
De Facto vs De Jure
Segregation
Montgomery Bus Boycott


Montgomery Bus Boycott




Martin Luther King, Jr.
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Video


Refused to give her seat on the bus to a white passenger and was arrested This served as a springboard for the civil rights movement
Political and social protest campaign that started in 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama, after Parks was arrested
Intended to oppose the city's policy of racial segregation on its public transit system
Lasted 381 days before the city of Montgomery changed the laws
An energetic and moving speaker who could inspire large crowds
Leader of the Montgomery Improvement Association
Convinced people to boycott the buses in Montgomery, Alabama
Held the people together as boycott ran for months
5
2/12/2017


Orval Faubus
Orval Faubus
Governor of Arkansas, serving from 1955 to 1967. He is best known for his 1957 stand against the desegregation of the Little Rock public schools during the Little Rock Nine crisis
Little Rock Nine


Little Rock Nine
Video

Nine students that registered at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas
Were prevented from attending class by the Arkansas National Guard
Eisenhower ordered federal troops, with bayonets fixed on their rifles, to escort the nine to school
Civil Rights Act of 1957

Civil Rights Act of 1957

The first civil rights legislation enacted by Congress in the United States since Reconstruction Was enacted to ensure that all Americans could exercise their right to vote
6
2/12/2017
7