Chemistry 40S
“HOT SHOT” Project
"What's the best way to chemically design and package a
product that can be used
to heat your hands on demand,
WITHOUT the use of fire, gas,
electricity, light, or friction?"
Mission: To work together in teams of 2 or 3, so the class as a whole can
create the largest number of effective, safe, portable, flameless, and
unplugged, warmer ‘products’.
The mission of your team will proceed through eight stages:
(i)
Orientation to project
(ii)
Research how similar products are made and the chemistry behind them
(iii)
Experiment to discover a relationship of value to the project
(iv)
Experiment Gallery Walk & Review
(v)
Make an effective HOT SHOT 1.0 hand heater
(vi)
Peer Review of Prototype
(vii) Make an new and improved HOT SHOT 2.0 hand heater
You may continue to make more versions if you wish till you are satisfied.
(viii) Present your best HOT SHOT hand heater on GAME DAY.
(ix)
Submit a reflection documenting your process.
EXPERIMENT GALLERY WALK & REVIEW DAY
PEER REVIEW OF HOT SHOT PROTOTYPE DAY
HOT SHOT 'GAME DAY'
INDIVIUALA REFLECTION
:_____November 9__________
:_____November 16_________
:_____November 18_________
:_____November 22_________
HOT SHOT PROJECT 1 | P a g e
There are three main different types of hot shots (hot packs):
Ones that involve hydration, like the absorption of water into anhydrous salts. This
is the RECOMMENDED TYPE TO CONSTRUCT.
(E.G. anhydrous dead sea salts, anhydrous Epsom salts [MgSO4], anhydrous calcium
chloride [CaCl2], anhydrous Glauber's salts [Na2SO4], or anhydrous Blue stone [CuSO4] )
Ones that involve oxidation, like the rusting of iron {this is the most common
single use type} (0000 super fine steel wool, or iron powder and oxygen in the
presence of catalysts)
Ones that involve phase change, like the solidification of supersaturated solutions
{These are the most common re-useable type}(sodium acetate) This type is too
finicky to make from common household ingredients. You will not be allowed to present
this type for marks.
Note: Avoid any reactions that involve the production of gas/steam, as they have the
possibility of exploding as the pressure increases within the ‘package’. Thus, yeast and
hydrogen peroxide mixtures are NOT ALLOWED.
REGARDING SAFETY:
Always remember to practice safety precautions through out your investigations.
Safety, research, and careful precautions are a must.
YOU MUST WEAR GOGGLES, AND PRACTICE ALL LAB SAFETY PRECAUTIONS:
Including …
Never inhale, ingest or taste any of the substances involved.
Never allow substances to enter your eyes.
Never allow substances to sit and absorb through your skin.
If you’re not unsure about the safety of a certain procedure,
don’t do it.
For every activity you do record in your journal the safety precautions you took during the
procedure.
You must have a plan and an anticipated outcome before you start any ‘reaction’. Make
sure you do some research on any potential reaction, BEFORE you try and do it yourself.
Include documentation of such research in your journal so that the teacher can see that
this was done.
HOT SHOT PROJECT 2 | P a g e
Where can I get the chemicals I need?
• Epsom salts, can be found at any drug store, and most dollar stores.
• Hydrated & or dehydrated calcium chloride can be found at Krevco or GLB
(swimming pool product stores – “Calcium hardness up”) or can be found
under the name “DampRid” as humidity control aids.
• Blue stone, or hydrated copper II sulphate, can be found in lawn & garden
stores that sell products for ornamental pools.
• You may also find hydrated salts at a spa, or beauty treatment store. “Dead
sea salts” have worked very well in the past. You could also get the
“SpaGuard” product that contains calcium chloride.
• You may also try the salts used in ice-melting products.
It is interesting to note that there are significant variations in results from different brand
formulations of the chemicals. You may also wish to experiment with different versions of
the same chemical, as different brands have different levels of purity and other additives.
You may wish to do a little investigation into the significance of the salt being in a hydrated
state, or an anhydrous state. Those two words have very significant meanings in this
project.
In your construction of the actual HOT PACK packages, Do not use ziplock bags for your
exterior bag. They are not thick & strong enough, and tend to rip, leak, or pop in the
process of activating the inner water packet, thereby disqualifying the product. Use a
heavy plastic/vinyl that you can seal the edges using a bag sealer, iron, or hair
straightener. Remember when using intense heat to fuse two pieces of heavy plastic
together, to protect the heat source with an layer of wax or parchment paper. Solving the
packaging problems may almost be as challenging as solving the optimal hot pack
ingredients & ratios.
HOT SHOT PROJECT 3 | P a g e
HOT SHOT PROJECT 4 | P a g e
You will use this
DESIGN PROCESS to come up with your final product.
I. DEFINE THE PROBLEM:
REMEMBER your problem is
What is the best way to chemically design and package a
product that can be used to heat your hands on demand,
WITHOUT the use of fire, gas, electricity, light, or friction?
Here is the list of the key limitations:
1. 2. 3. It must be a It must be a SMALL PORTABLE package: More than 50g, Less than
250g in mass total.
It must be SAFE:
A. Enclosed, sealed package.
B. All contents remain safely within the sealed packaging. [No leaks, or
popping] You don’t want the chemicals on your hands!
C. No poisonous, corrosive (strong acids), or caustic (strong bases)
chemicals.
It must involve a FLAMELESS, GASLESS, non-electric, EXOTHERMIC
REACTION
Involving hydration, oxidation, or phase change, that can produce changes of
temperatures in the 25+oC range, for as long as possible. You will need to create an
official name for your exothermic “product”. As well as create the packaging that
makes it look like a “product” someone would be willing to buy.
Note you must also include one ‘secret ingredient’ to guarantee that every
group has a unique product.
Follow safety procedures, always wear goggles, and clean up.
JUST FOR THE RECORD, here is what is possible… J
- The record temperature reached during game day is 88.4oC achieved in
2015 by Alexa B. & Luc O.
- The record ratio reached during game day is 2.7oC/g achieved in 2015
by Luke T., Liam W., & Rachel U..
HOT SHOT PROJECT 5 | P a g e
iI. INCREASE UNDERSTANDING: information & inspiration
Research ‘exothermic hydration reactions’, ‘heating with chemical energy’,
‘hot pads and cold pads’, ‘making hot and cold packs’, and find details
involving effective energy release from the hydration of anhydrous
chemicals.
Below are list of sites you may wish to investigate:
-An AP lab involving relevant theory and materials:
http://www.flinnsci.com/media/991621/cf7654_web_only.pdf
-instructables; http://www.instructables.com/id/The-5-minute-instant-hand-warmer/
- Pintrest
-Steve Spangler: https://www.stevespanglerscience.com/lab/experiments/homemade-handwarmer/
- Popular Science: http://www.popsci.com/diy/article/2012-02/5-minute-project-hand-warmers
- chemical theory involved: http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/energetics/solution.html
- OTHER…
iI. INCREASE UNDERSTANDING: finding patterns Based on your information and inspirations, pick one variable that you believe is
very significant to making the best hot pack. Ideally, every group will choose a
different variable so that the class as a whole can gain as much knowledge of as
many of the variables involved as possible.
Input variables could include:
a. Type of hydrated chemical involved
b. The amount of chemical involved
c. Dehydrating/heating time & temperature
d. Ratio of water to anhydrous chemical
e. Methods of forming an inner, sealed water packet
f. Methods of forming the larger sealed package
Output variables could include one of the following:
a. the change in temperature
b. the sustainability of the reaction
c. the ease of popping/starting the exothermic reaction
d. the strength of the overall package
e. length of time the temperature of the package stayed
warm
f. the temperature to package mass RATIO
g. other…
Control variables would be anything that was NOT an input or output variable,
especially:
a) the mass of the substance tested
b) the way in which test the temperature.
c) order of testing output variables
HOT SHOT PROJECT 6 | P a g e
iI. INCREASE UNDERSTANDING: finding patterns (continued…) Create your own unique purpose question, related to your variables,
then design and conduct an experiment where you control all the other
variables other than your input variable and the output variable. Make a
hypothesis of the expected relationship between that variable and your output
variable. Conduct your experiment. Make a hypothesis. Record all your
observations in a well organized data chart. Repeat until you have 7 trials
involving that variable. Do at least three tests per trial the average of which is
the better value for that trial. Thus, you will complete 21 separate tests.
Follow safety procedures, always wear goggles, and clean up spills.
Once you are all done get your mom/dad/guardian to write a note on the supplied form,
indicating how well you cleaned up after yourselves. Your parents should NOT have to do any clean up
after you. You need to leave things as clean as, if not cleaner than, you found them. See parental
verification of safety & cleanliness sheet.
Find 2+ ways to visually illustrate your results so that the pattern of the
variables effect can become clear. State your conclusion of the relationship
between your input variable and the ability of the product to safely heat up
your hands.
Prepare to share your experiment clearly in easy an easy to read font size
and format on a LARGE (36”X48”) tri-fold display board. Publically display your experiment
all of its results, in class, during the Experiment gallery walk.
Experiment gallery walk and peer review: Study the experiments of others to decide if their
conclusions are really valid or not, and if so discern, what is the best combination of all the
variables to produce the most amazing HOT SHOT.
Note: If the average of the mark of the classes GALLERY WALK
is 50 marks out of the 57 marks, then every individual in class will be
EXCUSED FROM PROVIDING PHOTOS and IN-DEPTH EXPLANATIONS on
their individual REFLECTIONS J
If we help each other do well on the experiment & gallery walk,
we can all be hot shots!
Together we’re hotter! J
HOT SHOT PROJECT 7 | P a g e
iiI. Generate conceptS: POSSIBLE hot shotS Chemical Engineers Names: ________________, ________________, _____________ Problem to address : Design a product that produces the greatest sustained increase in
temperature change, with as small a mass as possible. Brainstorm Solutions: {Note: You may have more than 4 ideas, but you must at least have 3}
Idea 1
Idea 2
RECIPE:
RECIPE:
o o o o o o o o Type of hydrated chemical:
The amount of chemical:
Dehydrating/heating time & temperature:
Ratio of water to anhydrous chemical:
Methods of forming an inner, sealed water packet:
Methods of forming the larger sealed package:
Total mass of package:
Other…
o o o o o o o o Type of hydrated chemical:
The amount of chemical:
Dehydrating/heating time & temperature:
Ratio of water to anhydrous chemical:
Methods of forming an inner, sealed water packet:
Methods of forming the larger sealed package:
Total mass of package:
Other…
NAME:
NAME:
SLOGAN:
SLOGAN:
PACKAGE DESIGN:
PACKAGE DESIGN:
Idea 3
Idea 4
RECIPE:
RECIPE:
o o o o o o o o Type of hydrated chemical:
The amount of chemical:
Dehydrating/heating time & temperature:
Ratio of water to anhydrous chemical:
Methods of forming an inner, sealed water packet:
Methods of forming the larger sealed package:
Total mass of package:
Other…
o o o o o o o o Type of hydrated chemical:
The amount of chemical:
Dehydrating/heating time & temperature:
Ratio of water to anhydrous chemical:
Methods of forming an inner, sealed water packet:
Methods of forming the larger sealed package:
Total mass of package:
Other…
NAME:
NAME:
SLOGAN:
SLOGAN:
PACKAGE DESIGN:
PACKAGE DESIGN:
HOT SHOT PROJECT 8 | P a g e
iI. Concept SELECTION: PLANNING hot shot 1.0 The IDEA that we chose was:
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
__________
…Because________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Resources that we will need:
Material list
Why we need it
Who is responsible to get it
Sketch your Logo & Advertisement Design for your ‘HOT SHOT 1.0’:
HOT SHOT PROJECT 9 | P a g e
iV. DESIGN REALIZATION: MAKING HOT SHOT 1.0 create
Create your version of a hot shot
tESt
Test 50g of it.
- Do a temperature test, then watch and record how the temperature changes over
time.
REfIne
Are you happy with its performance? How could it be better? What could you do
differently to get a better result? Use all the critical thinking and knowledge you’ve
gained up to this point in the process.
create
refine
test
fInal design
Continue the CREATE-TEST-REFINE cycle at least once. If it is working
reasonably you may present it for peer review, on peer review day. You will also
have to present your ‘generate concepts’, and ‘concept selection’ work during the
peer review.
After the peer review you will go through the CREATE-TEST-REFINE cycle at least
over and over until you feel you have a product you are really happy with. This will
then be your ‘FINAL product’ that you will present on GAME DAY.
You will also make a ~60 s sales pitch to ‘sell’ your product to the class. The sales pitch MUST
INCLUDE the following:
o It must be between 50 and 70 seconds in length.
o You must mention the product name,
o you must have a catchy slogan that ‘sells’ your product- this slogan must be repeated
several times throughout the pitch,
o You need to highlight its special features,
o it must be interesting,
o cleverly scripted, if its all memorized that will be extra. J
See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2eobfxqECyM&list=UUlkKSNs8LdFPzZ19SoGU4g for a student commercial example by Jen Sawatzky (2015)
HOT SHOT PROJECT 10 | P a g e
v. REflect
Submit an INDIVIDUAL reflection of your progress throughout the project, using the
template
For each of the following questions, write 3-4 complete sentences. Write THOUTGHTFUL
answers.
Include specific details about methodology, the recipe, how you followed the design process.
“It was good because it worked” is not a quality answer!
This is worth 20 communication points.
1. How may times did you go through the create-test-refine cycle? What did you learn through
each iteration? Use labelled photos in your answer.
2. What were the weaknesses of your design? Why? Use labelled photos in your answer.
3. Was your design a success compared to your expectations? Compared to other products? Explain
in detail. (Remember – you need 3-4 sentences, not jus “Yes” or “no”)
4. What did you learn about conducting a valid experiment and gathering significant amounts of
usable data? Use labelled photos in your answer.
5. What would you change about the way your GROUP worked on this challenge and why?
6. What would you change about the way YOU worked on this challenge and why?
The reflection will be marked based on the following three criteria: § Readability. The correct use of grammar & punctuation § Level of insight/awareness § Level of detail and elaboration included On a scale of High (3), Moderate (2), or Low (1) for each question.
HOT SHOT PROJECT 11 | P a g e
Parental Evaluation of
Safety & Cleanliness
Names of students in group:____________________
:_____________________ _____________________
The students are responsible for the complete clean-up of all their experimentation, and
supplies. They were to treat their work areas with respect, and to ensure that no damage
was done.
Dear Parent,
Thank you for allowing the students to work on their group project in
your home. Please take a moment to verify the level of cleanliness
that was maintained throughout.
Please check þ one of the options below:
I was completely impressed with how safe they were and the way they cleaned up after
themselves. They left things as clean or cleaner than they found them.
The students consistently worked safely & cleaned up.
The students worked safely, but I had to do some to do a little bet of extra tidying once they
were done.
There was the occasional mess I had to clean up, and or they DID unsafe things.
The students clean up was SADLY NOT adequate, and or they DID unsafe things.
Parent’s full name (please print)
:________________________
Parent’s signature
:________________________
Date
:____________
HOT SHOT PROJECT 12 | P a g e
Experiment Gallery Walk & Review RUBRIC
Chemistry 40S
Names of students in
group:______________________________________________________
Sec:___Date:_________Name of product:_________________
Students presented their results on a large 36”x48” tri-fold display board
[ /5 marks]
The display was:
[ /10 marks]
(i)attractive, (ii) section labels, (iii) easy to read, and (iv) well organized (v) actual colour photos
(nicely; cut, squared & glued) (18+ font size)
(flow from left to right)
PURPOSE: Did they have a clear question related to their variables?
[
/2 marks]
HYPOTHESIS: Did they have a hypothesis that answered the purpose?
[
/2 marks]
METHOD: How well did they explain their procedure?
Input, Output, & Control variables (3 marks)
Materials & Safety precautions (2 marks)
Step by step instructions of each input variable trail (out of 5 mrks)
[
/10 marks]
QUANTITATE DATA
[ /16 marks]
Labeled columns and rows, Units, Sig. Figs, 3 tests & AVGs per TRIAL (6 marks)
Had 7 different TRAILS of the input variable (7 marks)
Amount of data evaluated were the values fluctuate over throughout the trials
<28, 28, 28-56, 56-112, >112 (out of 3 marks)
1mk 2mk 3mk 4mk
5mk
QUALITATIVE OBSERVATIONS:
presented condensed observations
[ /2 marks]
ANALYSIS
Quality of 2 visual illustrations/graphs of the pattern(s):
(high, med., low)
(high, med., low)
[ /6 marks]
CONCLUSION
[ /4 marks]
Summarized their results. (2 marks)
Stated which set of variables produced the BEST production of heat, over the longest time, in the
most economical way.(2 marks)
MARK REPLACEMENT: Did they present actual samples of their various tests?
: Did their tri-fold look especially creative or professional?
: Did they have a signed “completely impressed” parental evaluation
[CiD]
/+1
/+1
/+1
/57
HOT SHOT PROJECT 13 | P a g e
Peer Review of Hot Shot PROTOTYPE Prior to Game Day [ Nov. ] µ
Take pictures of your participation during this period for your journal. HOT SHOT GROUP :___________________________________________ sec:___ ____________________________________________ sec:___ ____________________________________________ sec:___ Each item is an all or nothing mark. If a group does not bring a hot shot package, they will forfeit all marks for this peer review. o Students discussed how they used the knowledge available from the INCREASE UNDERSTANDING: finding patterns gallery walk. /2mrks o Group presented their fully completed their Generate conceptS [3+ brainstorm ideas] and their Concept SELECTION plans (pages 8 & 9) to other groups, and explained why they built their prototype as they did. /2.5 marks o Students presented a WORKING hot shot, which they built themselves. /1.5 marks o The group clearly explained the thinking behind why they chose to make their prototype as they did. /0.5 mark o They mentioned how they would use the constructive group feedback received from the other groups. /0.5 marks [CiD]
/7 HOT SHOT PROJECT 14 | P a g e
HOT SHOT PROJECT Individual Reflection Rubric Chemistry 30S Print names of individual member: ____________________________
Sec : ___
INDIVIDUAL PERSONAL REFLECTION (Due the class after game day)
Submitted in well labelled slim folder, {Title, Group Names, Class & Sec}
/2 Has Title page with title, Group member’s names, class & sec, teacher, date
/18
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. How may times did you go through the create-test-refine cycle? What did you learn through each iteration? Use labelled
photos in your answer.
What were the weaknesses of your design? Why? Use labelled photos in your answer.
Was your design a success compared to your expectations? Compared to other products? Explain in detail. (Remember – you
need 3-4 sentences, not jus “Yes” or “no”)
What did you learn about conducting a valid experiment and gathering significant amounts of usable data?
What would you change about the way your GROUP worked on this challenge and why?
What would you change about the way YOU worked on this challenge and why?
§ Readability. The correct use of grammar & punctuation § Level of insight/awareness § Level of detail and elaboration included
On a scale of High (3), Moderate (2), or Low (1) for each question.
[CiD]
HOT SHOT PROJECT 15 | P a g e
“HOT SHOT” PROJECT RUBRIC
Chemistry 40S
Names of students in
group:______________________________________________________
Sec:___ Date:_________
Name of product:_____________________
GROUP EXPERIMENT GALLERY WALK & REVIEW RUBRIC SHEET
[
GROUP PEER REVIEW PRIOR TO GAME DAY RUBRIC SHEET
/57 marks]
[
/5 marks]
GAME DAY GROUP RESULTS:
SAFTEY: If the answer to any of the following is “yes” the project will be PENALIZED!
A. Is the packaged unsealed? Is it possible for any of the contents to fall out if held upside down?
IF YES… -10 marks
B. Is the package at least 50.0g in mass?
IF NO… -10 marks
C. Do any contents leak, pop, or spill out when in use?
IF YES… -10 marks
D. Were any poisonous, corrosive (strong acids), OR caustic chemicals used? IF YES…-20 marks
Labeling & marketing presentation of HOT SHOT: Looked & marketed as a purchasable “product”
Level to which the presentation [5] & product [5] sounded & looked professional.
[
/10 marks]
TEMPERATURE CHANGE OF FLAMELESS GASLESS EXOTHERMIC CHEMICAL REACTION
Actual Temperature heated up to when started at room temperature (~20oC) :
/5 x3= [15 marks]
25+ oC 30+oC 35+ oC 40+ oC 50+ oC 60+ oC
0.5 marks 0.5 marks 1 marks 2 marks 3 marks 4marks
70 + oC
5marks
80 + oC
5+1mks
90 + oC
5+2mks
TEMPERATURE INCREASE FROM 20oC per MASS in grams RATIO RANKING
>2.6oC/g >2.4oC/g >2.0 oC/g
25 mks 23 mks 20 mks
[20 marks]
>1.6 oC/g >1.4 oC/g >1.2 oC/g >1.0 oC/g >0.8 oC/g >0.6 oC/g >0.4 oC/g >0.2 oC/g >0.0 oC/g
19mk
17 mks 15 mks
14 mks
13 mks
12 mks
10 mks 8 mks
6 mks
Time spent ABOVE 40oC
10 sec
30+ sec
1 marks
2 marks
1+ min
3 marks
2+ min
4marks
5+ min
5 marks
10+min
5+1 bonus marks
TOTAL GROUP MARK:
[5 marks]
/112
[CiD]
HOT SHOT PROJECT 16 | P a g e