5/13/2015
How to be an effective PUBLIC SPEAKER
Tuesday 12th May 2015
Asher Reynolds
Writing Centre Seminar
Contents
1. Definitions
• communicate
• persuade
•
Aristotle’s argument
4. Preparation
• The talk
• Support material
• Practical stuff
• Some tools
2. Great Speakers
• Hitler
• Martin Luther King, Jr
• Steve Jobs
• Elizabeth Gilbert
• Brene Brown
5. Presentation
• The speech
• Types
3. Philosophy
• Sri K. Pattabhi Jois
7. References
6. Summary
www.publicspeakingcomics.com
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Definitions
Public Speaking
Formal
1.

Sometimes termed ‘oration’

Speaking to a live audience



http://www.comnetwork.org/category/publications/
2. Informal
 Speaking to a group of people
 With a less structured & more
relaxed manner
in a structured & deliberate manner
 EG: tutorial
to inform, influence or entertain them
EG: seminar, formal presentation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_speaking
all speaking is public…but why do we do it?
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to Communicate
http://www.comnetwork.org/category/publications/

you are simply one person

who has an idea

who wishes to tell another
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to Persuade

Where did this idea start?

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Aristotle

ancient Greek philosopher

c. 384 BCE – c. 322 BCE

http://www.biography.com/people/aristotle-9188415
http://www.comnetwork.org/category/publications/
The goal of the argument or rhetoric

to persuade your audience that your ideas are valid
How did he do this?
by dividing the means of persuasion into 3 categories…
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Persuasion – Aristotle’s Argument
http://ghiasi.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/aristotle-persuasion_ghiasiorg.png
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1. Ethos

credibility

ethical appeal

convincing by the character of the author – we tend to
believe people whom we respect
http://www.u.arizona.edu/ic/polis/courses021/ENGL_102-78/EthosPathosLogos
http://www.storyboardthat.com/userboards/kated/ethos-pathoslogos
http://www.storyboardthat.com/userboards/kated/ethos-pathoslogos
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2. Logos

logical

use of reasoning
http://www.u.arizona.edu/ic/polis/courses021/ENGL_102-78/EthosPathosLogos
http://www.storyboardthat.com/userboards/kated/ethos-pathoslogos
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3. Pathos

emotional

appealing to the reader’s emotions
http://www.u.arizona.edu/ic/polis/courses021/ENGL_102-78/EthosPathosLogos
http://www.storyboardthat.com/userboards/kated/ethos-pathoslogos
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Example

Ari – wants to order Pizza

has to convince his mum…
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x4tTugqBkJU
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Great Speakers - Hitler

Possibly the first person in German history to use
speech to make history

He not only used reason (logos), but spoke
from the heart (pathos), and therefore reached the hearts of
those who heard him

He could sense what was in the air
http://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/ahspeak.htm
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Great Speakers - Hitler
Characteristics

organisation

logical reasoning

simplicity & clarity of expression

instinct for the masses & their feelings

emotional appeal

courage
…he expressed things clearly, logically and directly – so the listeners were
convinced that what they were hearing was what they had always
thought themselves
http://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/ahspeak.htm
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+ Great Speakers - Martin Luther King, Jr
www.biography.com
+ Great Speakers - Martin Luther King, Jr
‘I have a dream’
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the
true meaning of its creed: “We hold these truths to be self-evident;
that all men are created equal.”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gdTpU5WZHHM
http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/documents/1951-/martin-luther-kings-i-have-a-dream-speech-august-281963.php
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Characteristics

Captivating



Appealed to audience


theatrical
preacher
black and white alike
Style

use of repetition
http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/documents/1951-/martin-luther-kings-i-have-a-dream-speech-august-28-1963.php
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Great Speakers – Steve Jobs
Characteristics

Believes in product

Organised


Sleek presentation
Technology

Completely flawless!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_m2F_ph_uU
en.wikipedia.org
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Great Speakers – Elizabeth Gilbert
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86x-u-tz0MA
blog.longreads.com
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Great Speakers – Elizabeth Gilbert
Characteristics
1.

Speaks with sincere passion
shows emotion & takes a risk – it’s where the best stuff happens
2. Tells stories

people are hard-wired for stories – the oldest method of
communication
3. Engages audience

Natural; smiles; eye contact; humour
www.sixminutes.dlugan.com
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Great Speakers – Brene Brown
www.gingerpublicspeaking.com
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Philosophy – Sri K. Pattabhi Jois
His philosophy
Everyday he would ask himself…
1.
Who I am?
2.
What I doing?
3.
Where I going?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K._Pattabhi_Jois
www.shaktiyogashala-aust.com
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Philosophy – Sri K. Pattabhi Jois
How does this link to public speaking?
1.
Be authentic
2.
Be prepared – know your content
3.
Be clear – what are you hoping to achieve? What are you
hoping your audience will take away with them?
www.shaktiyogashala-aust.com
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Preparation…the talk
avoid clutter…
morebrokenarrow.com
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Preparation…the talk
Like an essay should have a beginning, middle and end

Beginning


Middle




present each point clearly and logically
give evidence to support
use your own voice
End


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Grab your audiences attention and put them at ease – you know what
you are doing
 set the scene – give the background
 make your message, clear
 give an outline
tie it all together for your audience – 3 main points?
end with a quote, or a key idea which reinstates your message
Preparation…the support material


Notes

In full

Cue cards

Key words / headings
Powerpoint


Remember to reference
Technology

Be familiar with it
developingpotential.com.au
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Preparation…practical stuff…
Know your audience
1.


background; age; number
what do they hope to achieve?
5. Questions

‘I hadn’t considered that…’
Know your stuff
2.

3.
be prepared
6. Timing
Know your space

mental practice


Be adaptable
4.

Time limit
Guide:
 2000 words approx. 10 mins
talking
 12 000 words approx. 1
hour
have a back-up plan…
EDIT EDIT EDIT and PRACTICE PRACTICE PRACTICE
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Preparation…some tools
1.


Breathe

stand
count to 4



2. The Voice

5. Body Language
Hum, Ha, Yawn

3. Practice

mood
pitch
speed
clarity

mirror


stance
Mannerisms
words
eye contact
4. Record yourself

Understand your voice
 projection
 inflection
6. Dress

appropriate for audience
http://www.write-out-loud.com/public-speaking-exercises.html
chodounsky.net
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Presentation…the speech

be well rested

be early – set up…

Pause

Remember, the space is where the audience internalises the
words

be flexible

don’t forget about the audience
find presenters that you like, and ask yourself why…
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Presentation…types
www.thesaleslion.com
www.lincoln.ox.ac.uk
FORMAL
INFORMAL
Seminar
Tutorial

prepare & present in the way
outlined above

Prepare – read the material

Questions – answer, consider

Get to the point!
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a final word…
1.
Don’t talk right away
2.
Show up and give, not take
3.
Make eye contact with the audience – one by one
4.
Speak unusually slowly – they’ll wait
5.
Ignore the naysayers – focus on the supporters
6.
Turn nerves into excitement
7.
Say ‘thank you’ when you’re done
www.glasbergen.com
www.entrepreneur.com
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‘The biggest item that separates mediocre presentation from
world class ones is the ability to connect with an audience in an
honest and exciting way. Don’t hold back. Be confident. And let
your passion for your topic come out for all the see.’
Garr Reynolds ‘Presentation Zen’
naturalflow.biz
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http://www.garnetwatson.com/about-us/
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References

Entrepreneur - Start, run and grow your business.. 2015. Entrepreneur - Start, run and
grow your business.. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.entrepreneur.com. [Accessed
11 May 2015].

Ethos, Logos, Pathos - YouTube. 2015. Ethos, Logos, Pathos - YouTube. [ONLINE] Available
at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x4tTugqBkJU. [Accessed 11 May 2015].

Ginger Public Speaking Training: Tips, Workshops and CoursesGinger Public Speaking
| How to be brilliant at public speaking. 2015. Ginger Public Speaking Training: Tips,
Workshops and CoursesGinger Public Speaking | How to be brilliant at public speaking.
[ONLINE] Available at: http://www.gingerpublicspeaking.com. [Accessed 11 May
2015].

Joseph Goebbels, “Der Führer als Redner,” Adolf Hitler. Bilder aus dem Leben des
Führers (Hamburg: Cigaretten/Bilderdienst Hamburg/Bahrenfeld, 1936, pp. 27-34.

K. Pattabhi Jois - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2015. K. Pattabhi Jois - Wikipedia, the
free encyclopedia. [ONLINE] Available at:
http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K._Pattabhi_Jois. [Accessed 11 May 2015].
Martin Luther King's I have a dream speech August 28 1963 < 1951- < Documents <
American History From Revolution To Reconstruction and beyond. 2015. Martin Luther
King's I have a dream speech August 28 1963 < 1951- < Documents < American History From
Revolution To Reconstruction and beyond. [ONLINE] Available at:
http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/documents/1951-/martin-luther-kings-i-have-a-dream-speechaugust-28-1963.php. [Accessed 11 May 2015].
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References

Public speaking exercises - the top 10 essentials for your toolkit. 2015. Public speaking
exercises - the top 10 essentials for your toolkit. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.writeout-loud.com/public-speaking-exercises.html. [Accessed 11 May 2015].

Public speaking - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2015. Public speaking - Wikipedia,
the free encyclopedia. [ONLINE] Available at:
http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_speaking. [Accessed 11 May 2015].

Steve Jobs - 2007 iPhone Presentation - YouTube. 2015. Steve Jobs - 2007 iPhone
Presentation - YouTube. [ONLINE] Available at:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_m2F_ph_uU. [Accessed 11 May 2015].

U-System | University Information Technology Services (UITS). 2015. U-System |
University Information Technology Services (UITS). [ONLINE] Available at:
http://www.u.arizona.edu/ic/polis/courses021/ENGL_102-78/EthosPathosLogo.
[Accessed 11 May 2015].

2015.[ONLINE] Available at: http://www.biography.com/people/aristotle-9188415.
[Accessed 11 May 2015].

2015. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.ghiasi.org/wpcontent/uploads/2013/07/aristotle-persuasion_ghiasiorg.png. [Accessed 11 May 2015].

2015. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.sixminutes.dlugan.com. [Accessed 11 May
2015].
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