Key English Skills Age 8–9 Answers Page 5: Activities A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. The Fox and the Woodcutter. Some huntsmen. Whether the fox had come that way. He pointed to where the fox was. The huntsmen did not take the hint about where the fox was hiding. Through a crack in the cottage door. Because the woodcutter had given away his hiding place. “If you had been as honest with your finger as you were with your tongue, I should not have gone without bidding you goodbye!” B Child’s own sentences. C Child’s own version of the story. D 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Goat Crab Eagle Bat Deer Hedgehog Jellyfish Stoat E Child’s own sentences and drawing. Page 6: Phonics – Three-syllable Words A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. how/ev/er diff/i/cult diff/e/rent mem/o/ry hos/pi/tal ma/gic/ian lull/a/by lab/ra/dor mag/a/zine pro/fess/or mys/te/ry 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. gall/e/ry di/rec/tion com/pu/ter re/flec/tion ed/i/tor B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Electric General Ladybird Potato Rattlesnake Whispering Tropical Umbrella Stowaway Roundabout C 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Example: Scope Example: Day Example: Lucky Example: Sudden Example: Rest Example: To Example: Wonder Example: Nut Example: Tramp Example: Ground D 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Conifer Basketball Sandwiches Marmalade Hurricane Page 7: Grammar – Capital Letters and Full Stops A I’ve written this message in the sand with a very long stick. You might wonder why I wrote with a long stick. You might also wonder why you’re sinking. Well I can tell you I wrote with a long stick because the sand you’re sinking in is actually quicksand. Thanks for reading my message. I hope you enjoyed it. 1 B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. My friend has a bow and arrow. We saw a cowboy film. The chief smoked a peace pipe. She lived with her husband in a large wigwam. All the young braves danced around the campfire. They traded their guns for buffalo hides. A pony galloped into the army fort. There was a young warrior behind the rock. C 1. Femi called with her friend Yasmin today. I showed them my new pet rabbit. 2. We had to stay inside all day. I was delighted when the rain stopped. 3. The outlaws stopped the coach and robbed the passengers. Everybody was terrified. 4. The wolf called the frog and the bear. They promised to help him. 5. The shepherd watched over his flock. The wolf did not dare come near. 6. The rocket lifted off. It was going on a long voyage into outer space. 7. She worked long hours on the farm. She had the finest herd of cattle in the land. 8. A huge pirate stood on the deck. His name was Blackbeard. 9. Snow fell during the night. When I awoke, I wanted to make a snowman. 10. The summer morning was bright and fine. We set out for the seaside. Page 8: Writing – Profile A Child’s own answers. B Child’s own sentences. C Child’s own sentences. Page 9: Language – Using Words A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 2 Paws Roars Mane Elephant Cub Fly 7. 8. Den Fur B A horse has four hooves, a long tail and a mane growing on its neck. It has a coat of hair. A horse eats hay and lives in a stable. A young horse is called a foal. A female horse is called a mare and a male horse is called a stallion. A horse neighs to make itself heard. C 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Feathers Wings Yellow Hisses Bird Neck Feet Talk Page 11: Activities A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. She talked too much. Echo was rude to Juno. Because she felt that she was now a sort of parrot. Narcissus would hunt in the forest. Because he saw a stranger. Only her voice. Forests, near mountains, cliffs and caves. She always sounds sad and mournful. B Child’s own sentences. C Child’s own version of the story. D A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. Alpha Bravo Charlie Delta Echo Foxtrot Golf Hotel India Juliet Kilo Lima M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T. U. V. W. X. Y. Z. D 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Mike November Oscar Papa Quebec Romeo Sierra Tango Uniform Victor Whiskey X-ray Yankee Zulu Page 13: Grammar – Capital Letters A 1. Page 12: Phonics – Four-syllable Words A 1. su/per/mar/ket 2. symm/et/ric/al 3. 4. 5. veg/e/tab/les wa/ter/mel/on tel/e/vis/ion 6. mill/enn/i/um 7. 8. con/ver/sat/ion en/vi/ron/ment B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Invitation Discovery Impossible Information Ridiculous Unpopular C 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Intelligent Gladiator Deciduous Congratulate Mathematics Calculator Example: Concentrate Example: Tart Example: Diction Example: Tenth Example: Ration Example: Loaf Example: Dart Example: Lava Example: Sentiment Example: Cat a shape with two halves that are exactly the same a food group containing plants such as carrots and potatoes large, green fruit a thousand years a large shop where you pay for your goods as you leave equipment that shows moving pictures and sound surroundings talking between two or more people At the end of every sentence there is a full stop. 2. My father spoke to Doctor Smith about my sore throat. 3. Meera Patel was absent from school yesterday. 4. I have a baby sister named Jane. 5. Pears and apples are delicious fruit. 6. Peter and I went to the pictures together. 7. Larry Daly and Michael Rice are cousins. 8. Erina and Hana were at the circus. 9. Every day the teacher gives us homework. 10. May I help you paint the picture? B 1. Last Tuesday the school team won the football final. 2. We have no school on Friday. 3. People all over the world celebrate Christmas Day. 4. November comes between October and December. 5. Muriel’s mother made pancakes on Shrove Tuesday. 6. Peter’s best friend was born on New Year’s Day. 7. We went to the seaside for the Easter weekend. 8. In the United States of America, the fourth of July is called Independence Day. 9. April the first is called April Fool’s Day. 10. The school holidays lasted from July to September. 3 Page 14: Writing – Addressing an Envelope A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Road Street Drive Avenue Square Terrace Park Gardens Grove Crescent A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. B Child’s own answer. Page 15: Language — Using Words A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Screams Hoots Gobbles Caws Coos Quacks Sings Cackles swoops flits struts flaps its wings flutters waddles soars struts B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Neighs Barks Howls Brays Purrs Roars Chatters Bleats gallops runs lopes trots slinks prowls climbs frisks C 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Beat Rumble Hoot Tick Screech Twang Crack Jingle 4 Page 17: Activities He was king of Egypt nearly four and a half thousand years ago. His tomb was found. The entrance had been hidden. So that they could carry on using them in the afterlife. People who believed in the curse said that everyone who entered Tutankhamun’s tomb was doomed to an early death. People who entered the tomb didn’t die any younger than those who didn’t. They thought he might have been murdered. He died of an infection after breaking his leg. B Child’s own sentences. C Child’s own version of the story. D “Today is the day!” thought Diarmuid as he got ready for his entrance test to become a Fianna warrior. He felt a bit nervous as he did up his bootlaces. He ate some breakfast to give him strength and he flew out the door to the test. Diarmuid was tested on everything: he fought off nine warriors while standing in a hole; he wrote out all the ancient stories perfectly; he swam against a raging current; and he ran so fast and so deftly that not a leaf shook around him. When the bell rang at the end of the test, he was told that he had been accepted into the Fianna. He tore off his armour and sung and danced all the way home. E Child’s own sentences. Page 18: Phonics – Word Endings: ‘ild’ and ‘ind’ A 1. 2. 3. child mild wild gentle and good-tempered excited or out of control a young boy or girl B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. We should always be kind to animals. Mansa helped the blind woman to find her key. Millers grind wheat to make flour. I had to wind my baby sister. The doctor had to bind the cut with a bandage. Abdul tried to wind the clockwork car. Russian Indian Argentinian Spanish Swedish C Child’s own answers. Page 20: Writing C 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Blind Find Grind Kind Bind Wind D “I have two guardian angels,” said the little child. “One is wildly wicked and the other’s meek and mild. And when I misbehave or when I am unkind, The mild one’s very sorry But the wild one’s hard to find!” A One day the local giant decided to visit our school. We thought it was very friendly of him. It was a gorgeous day. We were so busy that we never even heard the poor giant knocking on our wooden door. Before we knew what had happened that enormous giant had lifted our thatched roof to see if we were inside. B Child’s own sentences. C 1 and 2 Child’s own answers. Page 19: Grammar – Capital Letters Page 21: Language – Using Words A 1. 2. A 1. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. My pen friend collects Irish stamps. Many Norwegian fishing trawlers fish off the coasts of Canada and Greenland. The Italian singer sang at the music festival in Cambridge. Frederic Chopin, a Polish composer, was born near Warsaw. In the new supermarket you can buy French wine and Dutch cheese. The Kenyan team will play South Africa in Johannesburg on Saturday. Last February I received a letter from my pen pal in India. Ben Lee bought a Swiss watch on Friday. B English Australian German Dutch Irish Namibian French Vietnamese Pakistani The pups have meat for dinner but the cat has fish. 2. We have to meet the lady who has the books. 3. A whale has lungs but a fish has gills. 4. The girls have measles and the boys have the mumps. 5. The soldiers have guns and their captains have swords. 6. Have you heard the orders he has given us? 7. Has she seen the present you have bought? 8. A weightlifter has to have very strong arms. 9. I have a funny joke to tell you! 10. That joke has to be the worst I have ever heard! B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Where did you leave your money? She did not know if he had done his chores. Dad did the cooking while Mum did her painting. What have you done with my pencil? I’ve done all I’m going to do. Alice did very well in her tests. 5 7. 8. Did it happen on Tuesday or Wednesday? I did my homework as soon as I got home from school. 9. Did a famous artist paint it or was it done by an art student? 10. I did not want to know how the magician did the trick. C I have just arrived home from school and I have loads of homework that has to be done before i can meet my friends. If I have my homework done before four o’clock, then I can have my friends over. They have loads of homework to do too unless they did it already. Page 23: Activities A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. It is one of the largest sharks in the world. Warm ocean waters close to the shore and also in deeper water. Good sense of smell OR Sharp eyesight OR Ability to swim at speeds of up to 45 km per hour. Camouflage. Sharks can mistake humans for seals. No – they tend to take a single bite and then swim away. Because fishermen hunt them. Child’s own answer. B Child’s own sentences. C Child’s own version of the story. Page 24: Phonics – Fun Time A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 6 Canada Cactus Caddy Carpet Calendar Canoe Curtains Captain Cell Cockpit Corn Canary Cardigan 14. Cinemas 15. Cleopatra B S E P T E M B W L W A S U N D A Y I I E Y A E S A T N N M D R T A P U L O T O N A U A R T R V E N E U R U I U E E R D S R D G N M I M N A D B A U G N D B B Y A E Y S U M M E R E Y F S T E G T R U A R Page 25: Grammar – Revision A I was awake very early that morning. It was a Tuesday in early December. I was staying with my Uncle Tom at his villa in Greece. The first tremor came at about half past four. It was a very mild one and it barely woke me up. I was just nodding off again when the second one came. My whole bed shook. I could hear my cousin, Carlos, starting to shout. I jumped out of bed and ran to my balcony. I saw Doctor Mouscouri falling about like a puppet. Suddenly, my balcony started to shake violently. The next thing I knew I was being flung forward. I clung to a piece of the railing but I couldn’t hold on. The last thing I remember was my Uncle Tom as he tried to grab my arm. I knew no more until I awoke in a hospital bed in Athens. B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. James’ parents went to Warsaw. He won the superb bicycle racing. Three days ago I bought a new fishing rod. The old lady slipped on the icy road. He scored the winning goal in the football game. Mary bought an exciting novel in the bookshop. The small girl won the first prize. On the third lap the racing car overturned. 9. The man read an interesting novel. 10. We played cards until the early morning hours. C 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Next Monday is Hallowe’en. Uncle Sean gave me a present last Tuesday. I saw the President of France while in Paris. Last June I visited my Aunt Halah. He travelled to Spain on New Year’s Eve. Mr Mandela was a famous President of South Africa. Uncle Richard’s birthday is in May. The sixth month of the year is June. December is the last month of the year. Page 26: Writing A Child’s own answers. B Child’s own questions. C Child’s own sentences. Page 27: Language – Using Words A Across 3. Snipe 7. Blackbird 8. Corncrake 13. Swallow 14. Woodpecker 16. Sparrow 17. Pigeon Down 1. Magpie 2. Robin 3. Seagull 4. Jackdaw 5. Wren 6. Thrush 8. Crow 9. Cuckoo 10. Duck 11. Swan 12. Heron 15. Owl 1 11 s sw a n 13 m a g 2 p r 4j 3s n i p e o 7 6t e e b l a c k b i a c i h 8 g n c o r n 9c r a k e u r u u d a s o c l 14 15 k a l l o w h w o o d p o w 16 p a r r o w s l 17p i 5 w r d e n 10 d 12 u h e c k e r r k o g e o n Page 29: Activities A 1. 2. 3. 4. North America, South America and Canada. 50-60 times a second. By weaving. By thrusting her bill down their throats and regurgitating sweet nectar from her stomach. 5. It is the smallest bird in the world and it has the smallest birds’ eggs in the world. 6. For its array of colours. 7. A cup shape. 8. Nectar. 9. It gets its name from the sound it makes when flapping its wings. 10. Child’s own answer. B Child’s own sentences. C Child’s own version of the story. D 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. flitted crawled hovered leaped scurried wriggled prodded trapped glided pecked 7 Page 30: Phonics – Word Endings: ‘ar’ and ‘er’ A star farm letter slipper garden scarf butter carpet lobster hamper saucer market dollar butcher pillar cellar teacher hangar B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 8. Two worried women carefully examined the crystal glasses. 9. There were two smart chairs in the neglected garden. 10. A swarm of buzzing bees settled on the high branch. Other answers are possible. Page 32: Writing A Child’s own story. B Child’s own story. Page 33: Language – Using Words A 1. 2. 3. 4. hangar cellar beggar beaver golfer bigger jumper player 5. 6. 7. B 1. Page 31: Grammar – Adjectives A The new girl came into the big school. She had silky black hair and dark eyes. She held her shiny blue bag tightly. In the noisy playground were strange, staring faces. Then a little girl came up and took her to a quiet room where she met her smiling, welcoming teacher. B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8 The caring nurse smiled at the weary patient. The old dog barked at the silvery moon. The vicious shark gnawed at the wooden boat. The new car roared along the winding road. The young tourist stayed in the dilapidated hotel. The red bus reversed into the green van. We ate juicy strawberries and drank fizzy lemonade. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. C 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Jane found it too difficult to crawl between two legs of the chair. She went to the bathroom, turned on the two taps and flooded the place. I was too frightened to tell mum the story. When she broke the two cups, dad spoke gently to her, but her mother was not too pleased. There was too much jam on the slice of bread. The doll was too expensive to buy. It was too early for the baby to go to bed. The swallows were there with their friends the house martins. Some birds obtain their food by digging with their bills. The penguins fluttered their wings and waddled towards their pool. The killer whales seized their victims in their jaws and disappeared. There is a kingfisher on that rock over there. There were hundreds of crows flying home to their nests in the wood. The swallows built their nests there last year. Where did you go last night? Were there many elephants in the jungle? They were at a football match two days ago. We don’t know where the teachers were. We were standing where the river flowed into the sea. The new houses are where the old markets were held. 7. Where in Europe were you going to go on your holidays? Page 35: Activities A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. The Match Girl. Winter. A little girl. She was dressed in rags. Boxes of matches. None. To keep warm. She saw the same room, but with a crowd of happy children sitting around a dinner table. A star. Her grandmother. To Heaven. An old man. Because she saw her grandmother. Child’s own answer. B Child’s own sentences. C Child’s own version of the story. D 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. another again nothing nobody away grandmother herself matchboxes Page 36: Phonics A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. nine November nib nettle nod nest net narrow nectar Neptune needle negatives Nile 14. nine 15. navy B truck train aeroplane ship canoe bus automobile motorbike bicycle scooter a l i b e t o k i r m u b i c y c l e k s u t k t a b n o n c t r o w r a u q u o o a e m l u r s t o m i y p o u c i c t p n o o a b p k a e o r s d s h i p n r e f g a e r o l o a m o t o r b i k e Page 37: Grammar – Singular and Plural A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. biscuits, trays trains, valleys keys, pockets ties, jumpers rays, windows roofs, chimneys boats, quays horses, jockeys B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. The lady read the book on the train. The dentist checked the child’s tooth. The baby wore a nappy. The fox ate the salmon. The fish was swimming in the deep pool. The potato was served with fish. The shop sells a lawnmower. The farmer put the turkey in the shed. 9 C 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. The boys put the cakes in the ovens. The farmers lifted the rocks from the fields. The cooks prepared the dishes in the ovens. The men put the boxes in the vans. Their uncles gave them the watches. The classes found the shells on the beaches. The birds flew from the bushes. The plumbers fixed the pipes in the cottages. Page 38: Writing A Child’s own list. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 214,000 litres. Up to 500. Height of 10,600 metres, speed of 912 kph (560 mph). It met a thick, deadly cloud of dust and ash. Child’s own answer. The pilot put the jet into a glide and turned back for the airport. B Child’s own sentences. C Child’s own version of the story. B Child’s own list. D j a a p m h a n g a r d u C Child’s own list. l f l d e p a r t u r e s s k u g e q e n t a t y n l l g r o g i v c e a t t z q g u a - q g j r r a w d f a g k p n o e o r k h e x g c x i b g p p i e I b a e n d m n s i l v - x b h i r u e s j l a a o g c p a j s a q r o n l f h i o u s p x y e t e s f s b t a i r p o r t b y p b p p r u n w a y u t q v u Page 39: Language – Using Words A 1. The rabbit nibbled the lettuce leaf. 2. The python swallowed the wild dog. 3. The sheep chewed the green grass. 4. The mouse munched the cheddar cheese. 5. The turkey gobbled up the mashed potatoes. 6. The hen pecked the seed. 7. The small girl licked a lollipop. 8. The lion devoured the young deer. 9. The woman crunched the hard peanuts. 10. The child consumed the stick of liquorice. Other answers are possible. B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. The train thundered through the station. The snake slithered across the grass. The fox sneaked into the chicken coop. The worm wriggled along the ground. The horse trotted across the field. The duck waddled across the road. The pony cantered around the racetrack. The monkey swung from branch to branch. The rabbit scurried into its burrow. The soldier marched up the road. Page 41: Activities A 1. 10 300 tonnes. Page 42: Phonics – Word Endings: ‘or’, ‘ur’ and ‘ir’ A doctor tractor calculator alligator actor B horse storm torch corn fork C 1. 2. curl bird 3. 4. 5. hurt burn turf kept losing count. He tried putting them all into one field and counting them as they jumped over the fence, but he only got to twenty-two and then he fell asleep. D 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. first bird girl birth Saturday Thursday visitor forget motor work shirt or short third blur curry B The most common types of owls in Ireland are the barn-owl and the long-eared owl. The shorteared owl is a winter visitor, but also has been known to nest there. Owls are nocturnal. Their large eyes can see very well in the dark. Their eyes are at the front of their head, not at the side. Page 43: Grammar – Masculine and Feminine A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. The king spoke to his son. The uncle spoke to his nephew. The bridegroom listened to his father. The husband praised the man. His grandson became a prince. The widower met his brother at the airport. The boy had no grandfather. The stepfather spoke to his son-in-law. B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. The duck swam in the pond. The ewe was grazing in the field. The lioness was dozing in the shade. The peahen strutted on the lawn. The doe (or nanny goat) ate my hat. The vixen attacked the chickens. The goose made lots of noise. The filly stayed close to the fence. C Sometime later, the King’s musician broke his harp. He searched everywhere for the wood of a willow tree to make a new harp. At last, he found a willow tree by a stream. He cut down the tree and made a beautiful harp from the soft wood. That night, there was a big feast in King Larry’s palace. All the nobles and lords were in the Great Hall. The King ordered his harp player to play some music for his guests. But, when the harp player plucked the strings, the harp began to sing loudly, “King Larry has the ears of a horse, the ears of a horse.” There was silence in the Great Hall. D Child’s own sentences. Page 45: Language – Using Words C Masculine: ram, nephew, fox, uncle, prince, boy, colt Feminine: aunt, girl, vixen, niece, filly, princess, duck A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. troop swarm brood flock skulk herd gaggle shoal pride litter pack school hive team Page 44: Writing – Proofreading A Once upon a time, there were sheep in a big field. There were so many sheep that the farmer B Child’s own sentences. 11 C 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Page 48: Phonics – G or J? trees fish mountains oceans countries cities boats instruments snakes planets A jar genie jet jigsaw general giraffe jellyfish gerbil gym jug Page 47: Activities A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. To see how well it was being run. So that no one would know who he was. He let a beggar ride on his horse. If he threw the beggar off the horse, the beggar would make a fuss. If he gave the beggar money, he may get his horse back, but the beggar may cheat someone else in the same way. So that he could find out how well the Cadi did his job. The horse neighed when his true owner walked past him. Because the Cadi was a very wise man. (or child’s own answer). B Child’s own sentences. B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. g j j g g, j j, g j j C 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. germ joke giraffe jam jelly gem geography judge C Child’s own version of the story. Page 49: Grammar – Nouns D A Child’s own answers. m u s i c i a n d a n b s t o l i p c d e e p u f h n o g h i j p h n o r k o a b d o c t o r t r s s p m b v m n o s e i t e s k e l e q r h t m s m s e e r e t u c v m r t g x r e i r a a y z a a a n b t p f e e c d e n f f g h c e j t i j f r e k a b k a r 12 B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. teacher igloo snake fireman circus lion clock astronaut C 1. 2. 3. 4. Robin – it is a bird. Otter – it lives in the water. Potato – it is a vegetable. Octopus – it does not have a hard shell. 5. 6. Kangaroo – all the others are derived from horses. Lipstick – all the others are jewellery. Page 50: Writing A Child’s own story. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. They have special eyelids. They have padded feet. Seal flesh. The killer whale and the walrus. In a deep cave or snow tunnel. B Child’s own sentences. Page 51: Language – Using Words A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. many entrance sell everywhere safe sweet found down under poverty awake pull hate go dead rude red brown grey white golden blue purple evergreen tawny hazel silver-grey blue black green-eyed speckled pink Page 53: Activities A 1. 2. 3. 4. The Arctic. Because it has a white coat of fur and is a good hunter. A single blow can break the neck of an ox. They have layers of fat. C Child’s own version of the story. D q N i w d a z l g h i g r a w m m y v r s r n r p n i a z d o i w g n c t o g m x e f v g q h m g o l m d p s w g k x h w k r a c l o r o u z v v h s l r n e b y l v m u j I n s b l u b b e r f c n v e q e s w f k k z e u c a p w a l r u s d a i b l e l q r i q r t h t n s c w n y k s f Page 54: Phonics – Silent Letters: ‘g’ and ‘t’ A v s i g n h w f d d b g n a w l t e e h l o b u m n s l t b m n n c p i r q r e i g n t g a r e s i g n a n n j p x v l f n o g n a s h i n g w B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. castle thistle nestle whistle listen rustle bristles fasten 13 9. wrestle 10. gristle A Child’s own answers. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. gold pancake ox owl hills bee B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. morning, daisy bought, oak won, hare coal, snow beam, monkey ant, week competition, happy judge, owl road, flat ballerina, swan C 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. bat swan snail lamb ox fox wolf lion Page 55: Grammar – Nouns C 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. Rabbits dig burrows in the ground. My dog lives in a kennel. The bullfrog leaped into the pond. There are many giraffes and lions in Africa. The eagle has a nest in the mountains. Honeybees make honey in hives. John Smith bought a donkey and a goat. The sheepdog buried a bone in the garden. The spider spun a web in the garage. The wasp stung Mina on the nose. donkey sky computer flag child seal cliff ship bleep saddle shell beach bucket book water letter seagull school Page 56: Writing Page 59: Activities A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. A Child’s own answers. 8. B Child’s own sentences. They were watching the first Moon landing. To protect them from the heat. Air tanks. Neil Armstrong – “That’s one small step for man – one giant leap for mankind.” Because the astronauts had to get used to the weightlessness of being on the Moon. Because they did not have enough air. ‘Here, men from planet Earth set foot upon the Moon, July 1969. We came in peace for all mankind.’ Child’s own answer. B Child’s own sentences. Page 57: Language – Using Words A 1. 2. 3. 4. 14 hatter snail ice fiddle C Child’s own sentences. D 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. millions surface craters sound boiling freeze thousand orbit Page 60: Phonics – Silent Letters: ‘b’ and ‘l’ A comb thumb climb crumb plumber tomb B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. C 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. plumber comb crumbs thumb climb lamb tombs numbed C calf half walk palm calm yolk talk chalk B The Murray family rose early on the first morning of their holiday in Scotland. The weather was warm and sunny – a perfect day for a nice picnic at the seaside. The happy and excited children helped their parents prepare a big feast of tasty sandwiches and home-made cakes. After a quick breakfast, they set off on foot for a small, sandy beach about a mile from their thatched cottage. Already, the clear, blue sky was filled with the sweet, joyful song of tiny larks. As they strolled down the dusty road, their eager eyes gazed upon the broad, calm ocean. tired, vast simple, clever, wooden young, dusty, red long, red, rosy delicious, brilliant hungry, fat little, pet, cosy, new first, fast, comfortable thin, heavy silver, deep, dark Page 62: Language – Using Words quiet used for writing on a chalkboard one of two equal parts inside part of the hand to speak to someone to move along on foot the yellow part of an egg a young elephant Page 61: Grammar – Adjectives A He was an old man and he lived in the big house next to ours. He was very kind to the birds during the cold months of winter. Each morning he used to take them small morsels of soft bread. The feathery birds used to perch on his outstretched arm and eat the crumbs of bread. It was a very touching sight to see this generous man with his shivering friends around him. A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. off, of off, of off, of off, off of, of off, off of, off of, off of, off of, off B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. are, our are, our are are are, our are, our are our our, our are, our our, are are, our 15 Page 63: Language – Using Words A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. an, a an, an, a a, a a, a, a an, a an, an, a a, a an, a an, a an, a B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. its it’s it’s its it’s, it’s it’s, it’s it’s its, it’s it’s, its its, it’s Page 65: Activities A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Planet Problem! The names of all the planets. Chocolate – because astronomy terms Galaxy, Milky Way and Mars are also names of chocolate bars. Cian. Mnemonics. ‘Richard of York gave battle in vain’ for the colours of the rainbow. OR Singing the alphabet to the tune of ‘Twinkle, twinkle, little star’. My, Very, Easy, Method, Just, Sums, Up, Nine, Planets. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto!” Child’s own answer. B Child’s own sentences. C Child’s own version of the story. D 1. 2. 3. 16 red Mars yellow 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Neptune Uranus green Saturn indigo Jupiter violet Pluto Venus orange Mercury blue Earth Page 66: Language – Fun Time A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. fifty false fiddle foliage fifteen France foal feathers February foyer fidget freeze filly B Earth Saturn Jupiter Mars Venus Pluto Mercury Neptune Uranus S E r t s N e p t u n a P I M e r m y U M r t J u p i t e r a t a u o t M r E a r h s t r u c a a n d l u M s n u E r u o l V u y e r P t s P n n S a t y l l o h e M e r c u r y u V J u p V e n u l c Page 67: Grammar – Homonyms A 1. It was eight o’clock before I ate a morsel of food. (ate, eight) 2. He hid the whole amount of his savings in a deep hole. (hole, whole) 3. When you bury that red berry it will grow into a tree. (berry, bury) 4. It was an hour later that our boat departed from the quay. (our, hour) 5. Everyone knew that he bought a new bicycle. (new, knew) 6. She read the title on the cover of the red book. (red, read) 7. The trainer knows that the player’s nose is fractured. (nose, knows) 8. The ram and the ewe stood near the yew tree. (yew, ewe) 9. Harry would like to go for a nature walk through the wood. (would, wood) 10. She threw the ball through the window. (threw, through) B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. grate team pear leek bough C Seven days Sixty minutes Expensive Shines in sky Pull (e.g. car) Tied to a mast A story Full of oneself Seaside A small animal week hour dear sun tow sail tale vain beach hare Feeble Belonging to us An animal A male child Of the foot Selling of goods Part of a dog Blood vessel Type of tree Of the head A Information only. Page 69: Grammar – Verbs House spiders weave cobwebs. The squirrel built a drey. The otter caught a fat moorhen. The cat is purring near the fire. weak our deer son toe sale tail vein beech hair Run before the rhino charges. I shall feed the robins. A monkey chatters and an ape gibbers. At night the owl hoots in the forest. Tom will train the horse for the big race. The tiger chased the wild goat. B Child’s own answers. C 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. hated bought disappeared open forget raised finished fixed Page 71: Activities A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Page 68: Writing A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 8. It was the largest meat-eating dinosaur and the most fearsome hunter ever known on Earth. Child’s own answer. Its mouth. 70 kilograms. Fossils show that they fought each other. Around 65 million years ago. One theory is that the weather changed (it became cooler). Another theory is that a large meteor crashed into the Earth causing the weather to change suddenly. Child’s own answer. B Child’s own sentences. C Child’s own version of the story. Page 72: Phonics – Three-letter Blends A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. squirrel squash square squeeze squid squelch 17 7. 8. squeak squirt B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. squid squash squeeze squirrel squabble square squeal squiggle squeak squirt At noon their father arrived in a truck to collect the fruit. He was very pleased with their work. They quickly loaded the fruit on to the truck. Their father allowed them to travel with him to the market in Madrid. As they sped along the dusty road towards the big city, he turned to them and said, ‘‘Next Sunday I will take the pair of you to Valencia.’’ Page 74: Writing – Descriptive A Child’s own sentences. B Child’s own story. Page 73: Grammar – Quotation Marks Page 75: Language – Using Words A 1. 2. A Down 1. caterpillar 2. beetle 3. earthworm 4. spider 6. snail 8. wasp 10 bee ‘‘Paul has ruined my painting,’’ sobbed Lin. ‘‘Did you hear about the flood in Main Street?’’ asked Neil. 3. ‘‘I sentence you to one month in prison,’’ said the judge. 4. ‘‘Once upon a time there was a small cottage in the woods,’’ whispered the storyteller. 5. The huntsman roared, ‘‘The fox is making for the woods.’’ 6. Khalia promised, ‘‘I will return your books on Friday.’’ 7. Shin wished, ‘‘I hope Granny brings one of her chocolate cakes.’’ 8. ‘‘I know nothing about the stolen watch, ’’ lied James. 9. ‘‘Do not stray from the forest path,’’ warned Little Red Riding Hood’s grandmother. 10. The captain urged, ‘‘We must try harder in the second half.’’ B Yesterday, Pedro and Isabella had great fun in the orange grove. The day was sunny and warm, and suitable for orange picking. Isabella enjoyed picking the fruit. She wore gloves to save the skin of the oranges being spoilt. Her brother Pedro climbed the ladder and picked an orange from the top of the tree. Across 2. butterfly 5. grasshopper 7. ant 9. ladybird 11. centipede 1 2 b u e t 5 e 18 g e a r r f l a 6 s s t s h o p p e n 7 c a y 4 t t i r d p l h e w i e i o l r l a n t r w 9 l a d y s c e n r l 8 m 11 ‘‘Just imagine, Isabella,’’ said Pedro, ‘‘this orange I’m picking may be eaten by an English boy. ’’ t 3 t i a 10 b i e p e d e r d Page 77: Activities A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. South America. The Xingus. The river gives them a regular supply of fresh water and fish. His father and members of the tribe. The smoke helps keep beetles, flies and mosquitoes away. Child’s own answer. Turtles, fish, berries, honey, bananas, mashed cassava roots, small animals and birds. Blowpipes. B Child’s own sentences. C Child’s own version of the story. D 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. bravely slowly carefully sweetly loudly easily sharply angrily E Child’s own answer. Page 78: Language – Fun Time A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. acorn apple Andes Abbey accordion ace alligator Aesop atmosphere astronaut album anorak Amazon B umbrella raincoat gloves scarf anorak rainhat cape wellingtons cap mittens muff balaclava w a b d e f g h s i j d e b r m u f f c c k u h l a a i n m a a l m o g l l i t q r p s b o l a i a n t f e u r d o w l n c c e x y e z v l c o g l o n m l n e o a p s t a a s l q s t p s t h o v t a n o r a k u v e n a w i r a i n h a t s s Page 79: Grammar – Suffixes A cackling galloping croaking searching blossoming screaming shuffling quacking bubbling howling lapping crackling clattering braying singing shining whistling creaking clanking rattling neighing B 1. 2. searching croaking 19 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. whistling blossoming galloping bubbling shining crackling singing braying, neighing C successful colourful helpful handful eventful masterful harmful careful peaceful sinful tearful mournful sorrowful joyful cheerful rightful dreadful Page 80: Writing A Child’s own answer. B Child’s own answer. dancing stream that rushed down the valley, past huge boulders and tall pine trees. Soon, it was joined by another stream and soon afterwards by another and another. Shortly afterwards it became a swift flowing river that roared onwards with great power and force. Next it passed a small village at the foot of the hills, where laughing children tossed bits of wood into its racing current. Almost immediately, it flowed under the arch of a sturdy stone bridge where a fisherman sat, his line dangling hopefully into the foaming waters. In a little while it reached the flat, level land of the plain and the river then slowed down, becoming silent, dark and deep. At last it was winding its way lazily through wide fields of rich green grass. After that it came upon a noisy city where huge buildings and tall smoky chimneys crowded the skyline. Finally it flowed out into the sea. Other answers are possible. Page 83: Activities A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. R.C. Scriven. Yes it does. Mars. No, they do not. Because he is right at the back of the class. Child’s own answer. 2.13 metres. Child’s own answer. B Child’s own drawing. Page 81: Language – Using Words A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. complained asked whispered begged shouted told advised ordered reported announced B Somewhere in the hills, a tiny spring gushed out of the rock and trickled happily over smooth stones and shiny pebbles. Later on, it was a 20 C Child’s own answer. D Child’s own story. E 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. globe bell teacher book rubber desk chair bags yard Page 86: Language – Using Words 10. clock 11. ruler 12. pencil a b c d a r t k y e f g h i c g l o b e a j k l r m h n r u l e r o y p e q a r p s t u d p e s b v i w x e y z o p o l b k r s k a n c m a k h u s w g o b e l l k c u r e s a l i c n e p o s f d f b g b o o k v l s t e a c h e r g b i c l Page 84: Grammar – Adverbs A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. quickly bitterly brilliantly calmly, slowly superbly bravely quietly suspiciously patiently wisely B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. lazily heavily busily noisily happily merrily warily angrily steadily hastily Page 85: Writing – Adjectives A Child’s own story. B Child’s own story. A Once upon a time a little girl called Goldilocks went for a walk in the wood. She did not know that there were dangerous animals in the wood. Suddenly she came upon a little house. “I wonder who lives here,” she thought. “There doesn’t seem to be anybody about.” She knocked on the door and walked in. In front of her were three bowls of steaming porridge. She tasted the first one and screamed, “This porridge is too hot to eat!” There were two bowls left so she tasted another one. “Yuk! This porridge is too sweet!” she shouted. There was one bowl left so she tasted that one. “Mmm! This porridge is just right!” she said. Goldilocks was so tired that she fell asleep in a small bed. She did not know that the Three Bears who lived there had returned from their walk in the woods. Father Bear shouted “Who is sleeping in Baby Bear’s bed?” Mother Bear shouted, “Who does she think she is?” Goldilocks jumped up and ran away. Baby Bear shouted after her, “Next time buy your own porridge!” Poor Goldilocks! She did not know what she had done wrong! Page 87: Language – Fun Time A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Berlin beard buoy bungalow barge barometer barracks Brazil bridle bleats belt Brussels blade bat bee 21 B football formula one golf athletics tennis player team compete champion goal deeply on her oxygen. Everyone thought that she would give up easily but she was utterly determined to reach the summit. Page 90: Phonics – Three-letter Blends: ‘shr’ and ‘thr’ A throne throat throw thread f g o l f q j i s h c o p l a y e r s c o a r a p v u c b h m l w m r l i y m a p f l p u t a a n m e c e a e l e m k p t h l l b t a n d i e a h o g r t o t o r t e n n i s w n n a f o o t b a l l e Page 89: Activities A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Border of Tibet and Nepal. 8848 metres. Four from: Air is very thin making it difficult to breathe; very cold; extreme weather conditions; dangerous ice; chasms. At least ten. To set up 8 camps along the way to the summit. Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay. Calm and sunny weather. Child’s own answer. B Child’s own sentences. B shrimp shrink shrew shrub C 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. shrub thread thrush shreds shrink thrill throne shrimp D l t h r o a t e t r g h h e l t h r o b n r u r t h r e a t k e l a w h o s o n o e e e s s n h i i e i r m g h e r w i a h f u o r u i s r s o r o y i i n l e s h r e d e o k h p s d e p n k s t i e C Child’s own version of the story. Page 91: Grammar – Verbs D The climber slowly took off her backpack and carefully opened up the tent. She was incredibly tired and extremely cold. The wind howled wildly around her as she settled uncomfortably in her sleeping bag. Her legs were aching badly and she was breathing A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 22 past past past passed passed passed past, passed past, passed 9. passed 10. passed, past 1 c 4h i l d o 6 7 5 c l b i r d 8 t h r o s 9 a b u r 10g e r b l s n k t o e m 14 15 13 s h r e w u m b r a q 16 g p l u m b e r i i d 17 c f a r m 18 a l l i g a t o r r a e n l 3 B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. flitted crawled hovered glided scurried wriggled prodded trapped leaped pecked Page 92: Writing A Child’s own story. B Child’s own list. Page 93: Phonics – Revision A Across 2. jigsaw 3. child 5. bird 8. throne 9. burger 13. shrew 14. umbrella 16. plumber 17. farm 18. alligator Down 1. bristles 4. horse 6. chalk 7. lobster 10. gnome 11. pillar 12. blind 13. squirrel 15. magician b r 2 j i g s a w s t l n e 11 s p i l 12 l b e l l a i r n Page 94: Language – Revision A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. too, to too, to to, two two too, to two, to, to B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. of, off off, of off, off of, of of, of off, of C 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. has has have, has has, have has have D 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. trundled skimmed slid scampered scurried trotted 23 Page 95: Activities Page 96: Grammar – Revision A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. bee cockerel elephant donkey mouse frog horse robin snake monkey lion bear B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. choir skulk hive bunch litter pack army fleet gaggle flock C 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. pillows always outside/exterior down senior rude A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. D 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. bat swan owl dove ox fox wolf bear peacock monkey snail lion 24 bee plaice flower tale herd beech hare lair ewe coarse grate team leek bough heel pair seize cent palette sow isle rein meat idol four their bean Language Writing Grammar Phonics Activities The Marrog Dako Tyrannosaurus Planet Problem! Walk on the Moon The Polar Bear One Man’s Horse Boeing 747 The Match Girl The Hummingbird The Great White Shark Tutankhamun’s Tomb Echo The Fox and the Woodcutter UÊ Ê>ÌÊÌ iÊ«À}ÀiÃÃÊV >ÀÌÊ>`ÊÃiiÊÜ iÀiÊÌ iÊÀi`Ê>`Ê}ÀiiÊÃÌ>ÀÃÊ>Ài°ÊÀÊiÝ>«i]ÊvÊÞÕÊ >ÛiÊ>ÊÌÊvÊÀi`ÊÃÌ>ÀÃÊvÀÊ * VÃ]Ê >ÛiÊ>Ì iÀÊ}Ê>ÌÊÌ iÊ* VÃʵÕiÃÌÃÊ>`ÊvVÕÃÊÞÕÀÊÃÃÊ«À>VÌViÊÊÌ ÃÊ>Ài>°Ê –ÊvÊÞÕÊ}ÌÊÃÌÊvÊÌ iʵÕiÃÌÃÊÜÀ}]ÊVÕÀÊÌ iÊÃÌ>ÀÃÊÊÀi`° –ÊvÊÞÕÊ}ÌÊÃiÊvÊÌ iʵÕiÃÌÃÊÀ} Ì]ÊVÕÀÊÌ iÊÃÌ>ÀÃÊÊ}Àii° –ÊvÊÞÕÊ}ÌÊ>ÊÀÊÃÌÊvÊÌ iʵÕiÃÌÃÊÀ} Ì]ÊVÕÀÊÌ iÊÃÌ>ÀÃÊÊÞiÜ°Ê UÊ ÕÀÊÊÌ iÊÃÌ>ÀÃÊ>vÌiÀÊÞÕÊ >ÛiÊV«iÌi`Êi>V ÊÃiÌÊvʵÕiÃÌÃÊ>`ÊV iVi`ÊÞÕÀÊ>ÃÜiÀÃ\ How well did you do? Progress Chart Everest
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