Chapter 15 Section 1
The Ottoman Empire
MWh-2.4
Bell Work
Notes/Discussion
Independent Learning
Guided Reading
Review/Closure
Students will:
Summarize Ottoman Turks used firearms to expand their lands and appointed local rulers to administer conquered
regions.
Identify the Ottomans created a strong empire with religious tolerance and artistic achievements.
EQ-What were the causes of Ottoman
decline in the 17th century? Standard-2.4
Rise of the Ottoman Turks
• Anatolian Peninsula-Osman began to build power in
the northwest corner
• Peaceful
• Seljuk Empire began to decline in the early 14th
century-Osman Turks began to expand
• Ottomans expanded west and controlled Bosporus
(bos-per-uhs) and the Dardanelles(dahr-dn-elz)
separated by the Sea of Marmara
• Byzantine Empire controlled this
• Ottomans expanded in the Balkans
• Janissaries(jan-uh-ser-ee)
EQ-What were the causes of Ottoman
decline in the 17th century? Standard-2.4
Sea of Marmara
EQ-What were the causes of Ottoman
decline in the 17th century? Standard-2.4
Expansion of the Empire
• For the next 300 years,
the Ottoman’s expanded
into the area of W. Asia, N.
Africa, and Europe;
• Constantinople became
under the Ottoman
control; taking control of
the Muslim holy cities of
Jerusalem, Makkah, and
Medina;
• Ultimately the Ottoman’s
unsuccessfully tried to
expand into Europe, but
was beaten by the Spanish
The Fall of Constantinople
• Mehmet II-Ottomans moved to end the
Byzantine empire
• 80,000-7,000-Winner
• 26-foot barrels
• April 6, 1453-Ottoman bombardment
EQ-What were the causes of Ottoman
decline in the 17th century? Standard-2.4
Western Asia and Africa
• Constanople-Istanbul
• Sultan Selim I-took control of Mesopotamia,
Egypt, and Arabia
• Controlled holy cities of Islam, including
Jerusalem, Mecca, and Madinah-Selim declared
new caliph (Calif) defender of faith and successor
to Muhammad
• Pashas-Collected taxes, maintained law and
order, and were directly responsible to the
sultan’s court in Constantinople
EQ-What were the causes of Ottoman
decline in the 17th century? Standard-2.4
The Nature of Ottoman Rule
• Ottoman Empire-Gunpowder empire
• Outside conquerors who unified the regions that they
conquered
• Sultan-Supreme Authority in both a political and a military
sense
• Son-not eldest
• Topkapi-Iron Gate-Palace in Istanbul, was center of sultan’s
power
• Harem-Sacred Place
• 4 Wives
• Grand Vizier-Chief Minister
•
EQ-What were the causes of Ottoman
decline in the 17th century? Standard-2.4
Religion in the Ottoman World
• Sunni Muslims-guiding the flock and
maintaining Islamic law
• Religious duties to a group of religious
advisers know as the ulema
• Islamic law and customs were applied to all
Muslims in the empire
EQ-What were the causes of Ottoman
decline in the 17th century? Standard-2.4
Ottoman Society
• Peasants-farmed land leased by state
• Artisans-craft guilds-each guild provided
financial services
• Merchants-Most privileged-exempt from gov
and taxes
• Pastoral peoples-own regulation and law
EQ-What were the causes of Ottoman
decline in the 17th century? Standard-2.4
Problems in the Ottoman Empire
• The Ottoman Empire reached its height under
Suleyman the Magnificent, who ruled from 1520
to 1566;
• After his death, the sultans became less involved
in government and ministers increased their
power;
• This caused rulers to lose touch with their rural
areas, and caused local officials to become
corrupt; taxes rose as wars depleted the treasury;
The Rule of the Safavids
Chapter 15 Section 2
MWH: 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
Bell Work
Notes/Discussion
Independent Learning
Guided Reading
Review/Closure
Students will:
Identify the Safavids used their faith as a unifying force to bring Turks and Persians together.
Summarize the Safavid dynasty reached its height under Shah Abbas
Rise of the Safavid Dynasty
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Safavids (sah*FAH*weedz)
Became Shiites
Safavid-founded by Shah Ismail
Ismail used his forces to seize much of Iran and Iraq
Shah-King
Tabriz-Battle Selim I and Ottomans won(Ismail regained
a few years later)
• Capital of the Safavids was moved from the
northwestern city of Tabriz to the more centrally
located city of Isfahan
Safavid
Glory and Decline
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Shah Abbas-height of their glory
Latest weapons
Administrators to run kingdom
Against Ottomans to gain lost territory
Abbas died-Lost its vigor
Orthodoxy-traditional beliefs-Women wearing
the veil
• Shah Hussein-invaded and seized the capital of
Isfahan
The Role of the Shah
• Shah Ismail-direct successor of the prophet
Muhammad
• Shah-controlled the land of aristocrat
• Under control of the Crown
• Merit rather then birth
Political and Social Structure
Shah
Bureaucracy
and landed
class
Common people
• Shah Abbas ruled during the
high point of the dynasty
from 1588 to 1629; he
strengthened the army;
• Shahs were very available to
subjects ; very active in
trade and manufacturing;
• Appointment to
bureaucracy was by merit,
not birth;
Economy and Trade
• Middle class involved in trade
• Horse or Camel Caravans
• Resting places
Safavid Culture
• Knowledge of science,
medicine, and
mathematic equaled that
of other societies of the
region;
• Silk weaving and carpet
weaving flourished;
• Women were forced into
seclusion and forced to
adopt the veil;
Safavid Mosque
The Grandeur of the Moguls
Chapter 15 Section 3
MWH-2.4
Bell Work
Notes/Discussion
Independent Learning
Guided Reading
Review/Closure
Students Will:
Identify the Moguls united India under a single government with a common culture.
Summarize the introduction of foreigners seeking trade opportunities in India hastened the decline of the Mogul
Empire.
EQ-Discuss the reason for the failure of the
Moghal Dyanasty. Standard-2.4
The Mogul Dynasty
• Indian continent-Divided into a number of
Hindu and Muslim kingdoms
• Mogul(moh-guh) were not natives of India
• Babur(bah-ber)-Founder
• Seized Kabul(kah-boo) and Khyber Pass
• Artillery-Delhi(del-ee)-Established his power in
the plains of North India
EQ-Discuss the reason for the failure of the
Moghal Dyanasty. Standard-2.4
The Reign of Akbar
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Babur’s grandson
14 year old
By 1605-ruled most of India
Overpower stone fortresses of their rivals/Negotiators
Highly centralized
Greatest of the conquering Mogul monarchs
Hindu Princess-He welcomed other religion
Zamindars(zuh-meen-dahr)-kept a portion of the taxes
paid by the peasants in lieu of a salary
• 1/3 of Harvest
EQ-Discuss the reason for the failure of the
Moghal Dyanasty. Standard-2.4
Decline of the Moguls
• Shah Jahan helped cause
the decline of the dynasty
through his ineffective
management of domestic
problems; This left India
vulnerable to foreign
attacks .
• Shah jahan is known in
history for building the
world famous monument
Taj mahal.
EQ-Discuss the reason for the failure of the
Moghal Dyanasty. Standard-2.4
The British in India
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British are coming!-Decline of Mogul
Set forts
Surat-Calcutta
Fort William-Chennai
French Came-captured Chennai
Robert Clive rescued-Chief representative of
East India Company
EQ-Discuss the reason for the failure of the
Moghal Dyanasty. Standard-2.4
EQ-Discuss the reason for the failure of the
Moghal Dyanasty. Standard-2.4
Battle of Plassey
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British vs. Mogul
3,000 VS. 30,000
Victory for British-Power to collect taxes
Offended Indian allies and the local
population
EQ-Discuss the reason for the failure of the
Moghal Dyanasty. Standard-2.4
Society and Daily Life in Mogul
India/Mogul Culture
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Muslims ruling a largely Hindu population
Women-Laws-Curfew
Nobility and a prosperous merchant class
Indians trade with foreigners
Taj Mahal-Built in Agra(ah-gruh)-build by Shah
Jahan
Memory of wife-Mumtaz Mahal
20,000 workers/20 years
Taxes/Poverty
Painting-Persia and Indian
EQ-Discuss the reason for the failure of the
Moghal Dyanasty. Standard-2.4
The Mogul Dynasty
• Founded in N. India by Babur;
• Babar’s successors: Akbar and Shah Jahan
are the most prominent in Indian history.
• Akbar is known to be the first Muslim
emperor to unite Hindus and Muslims, and
marrying a Hindu woman. During his reign:
– Taxes were reduced
– Trading and manufacturing flourished
– Peace and stability
– Religious freedom
Taj Mahal
Outside
Inside
EQ-Discuss the reason for the failure of the
Moghal Dyanasty. Standard-2.4