AN A PPE A L F O R T H E UN I O N !
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0 5‘ TH E
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HON JAM ES ALFRED
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EARCE
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U NI TE D
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SENATOR S,
TO
THEI R C ONS TI TUENI S , THE PEOPLE OF M ARY LAND ;
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A ND
A S PEEC H
J AM ES H
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Q LAY
S O N O F H EN RY
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ES Q W
C L AY
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ON
TH E D U TY OF THE O LD L I N E W H I G S
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I N TH E
P RES I D E N TI A L
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ELE C TI ON
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W AS H I N G T O N:
PRI N T E D
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T H E U NI ON O F FI C E
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1 8 56
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TH E TRIUM PH OF S EC TI ON ALI S M THE D EATH KNELL
OF TH E UNI ON
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LETT ER OF H ON
TH OM AS G
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PRATT TO TH E W H I G
S
OF M ARY LAN D
.
In response to th e co m m u ni cations recei ved fro m m an y of m y b rother W higs I
dee m i t m y pri vi l ege i n th is m an n er t o counse l w i th al l i n rel ati on to th e cou rse
w h ich patri otis m and d uty w ou l d see m to i ndicate as p roper i n the pr e se n t po li ti
ca l cris i s
No l over of h is cou n try w hose j ud g m en t is u nbi ased by party zeal and u n co n
tro l led by n orthern o r southern fan aticis m can fai l to see an d deprec a te the pend in g
d a n g e r to the Union
T he first d u ty of e very m a n w h o l oves h is cou nt ry an d h er i nstitu tions is to p ro
vi d e fo r t h ei r safe ty T he l i fe of th e n a tion i s in dange r It m ust be s a v e d ; then
a n d n o t ti l l t hen w i l l i t b e per m i ss i bl e to us to disc uss ou r diffe rences of opi nion upon
mi n or subj ects
I say t h a t t h e l ife of t h e Union i s i n danger because for th e fi r st t i m e i n ou r
histor y a party h as been for m ed co m posed excl usi vel y of citi zen s of on e se ti on of
th e coun try bound together by th e si ngl e bond of an al l ian ce for o ffe nsi v e w a rfa re
a gai nst the othe r section
T hat th e su ccess of su ch a par t y w ou l d im p e ri l t h e
Un ion h as been r e cen t l y de m on stra t ed by an add ress of M r Fi l l m ore and w i l l i t
is su b m i tted be appare n t to al l w h o w i l l besto w a m o m en t s con siderati on u pon t h e
ex isti ng posture of pol iti cal a ffai rs
[e P ratt then con side rs the val ue of th e i nstitution of d o m estic ser v i tude
a n d the
g u aran tees of th e con sti tution in rel ati o n to i t and proceeds
Whi ls t
t h e abol i t ion i s t s on th e on e h and open l y avo w thei r op po i t ion t o t h e co n
st it u t io n a n d t h e i r desi re to destroy
a govern m en t w hich i m poses obl iga t i on s
r epudi a ted by the m on the othe r
h an d m any southern m en go a ded by t h e in
ce ssa n t attacks of th ei r northern fe l l o w ci t izen s u p o n th ei r feel ings thei r prop
er t
y and thei r consti tution al righ ts ex press th e bel ief t hat t h e i n t e res t s of t he
So u th w ou l d be m ore e ffectu al ly p r o tect e d by a separati on of the s l ave fro m t h e
n on sl aveh olding S tates an d th erefore rather pro m ote th an i n terpose to p reven t a
r esu l t so cal a m i t ous
We h ave hi th e rto disregarded the d ange r w hich such a state
of feel i ng an d suc h a c ourse of acti on w ou l d i ndicate as m e st i m m i nen t b cau se w e
have assu m ed th at su c h sen ti m en ts an d ac t ion cou ld on ly be attri buted to a s m all
m i n ori t y of o u r n orthern breth ren
But n o w w hen this secti on a l exaspera t ion h a s
be en m ade avai l abl e for the i n auguration of a party cal l in g i tsel f repu blican u n
de r w hose ban n er fo r th e first ti m e i n the history of the country this sec t i o n a l op
pe sit io n to sout hern righ ts an d in teres t s h ave u n i t ed in n o m i na t i n g w i t h al lege d
prob abi l ities of succe ss a pu rel y secti o n al ti cket for th e presidency and v ice presi
den ey of th e United S tates w e ca n n o l onger sh u t ou r eyes to the reali t y of t h e
t h reatened dan ger ; w e can n ot but fe el th at the success of such a par ty w ou l d be
t h e d e a t h kne l l of the Un ion
T he u n patri oti c p u rposes of t hi s secti onal pa r ty a re
but too m an i fest M a n y of it s s u ppor t ers avo w t hei r obj ec t an d pu rpose to be dis
u nion an d have even gon e so far i n t h e m ad n e ss of thei r fanat i c is m as to desecrate
t h e flag of ou r cou n try by obl i t era t i n g fr o m i ts con stel l ation th e fift een s t ar w hich
t h a t flag
r epresen t th e sl a eh ol di n g S t ates a n d displ ayi n g a s t h eir
a r t y ba n n er
p
wi th but sixteen of i ts stars re m ai n ing to r e p resen t th e six te e n n on s l a v eho ldin g
S tates I t is m a n ifest th at th ose w h o disavo w the obj ect are not ignoran t of t h e
i n e vi t ab l e r esu l t
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4
T h e W l ig s of M ary l and w h o m I h ave th e honor t o address n eed n o proo f t o
con v i n ce t h em th at ca l a m i tous con se q ue n ces w ou ld flo w fro m t h e success of thi s
‘
,
,
ection a l p rt y T he y each an d al l k n o w th at t h e electio n of M r Fre m ont and
th e a d m in isu a t io n of the govern m e n t by h i m u pon th e pri n ci ples of h is pa r ty
w ou ld n e cessa r i l y occasion a dissol u t i on of th e fe d e ral U nio n t o w hi h t h ey h av e
be n t a u g h t to look as the sou rce of n ati on al stren gth and of i n divid ua l prosperity
a n d h a p i ness
p
I h a v e kn o w n th e Whigs of m y State too l on g I esti m ate th ei r p atri otis m t o e
hi gh l y I ha v e associ a t e d w ith th e m too i n ti m at l y to sup pose i t n e cessa ry for a
Th e y ap pre ci a t e
m o m e n t to o ffer a n argu m en t to t h em in behal f of t h ei r cou n try
a s fu l ly a s I cou ld depi t t h e hor r ors of d isu n io ; they w i l l see th e l oss o f n a t i o nal
stre n gth t h e i n tern al di m ensions th e fatal check to ci vi li zation and fr e edo m t h e
The
con te m p t of t h e w or l d w h ich w oul d be th e co n s qu e n ces of su c h a c a l a m i ty
Wh i gs of M ary l and w h o h ave fol lo w ed t h e l ead of such patri ots as C l ay and W eb
”
w i l l n eve r keep step t o an y o t h er m usic th an th at of the Union
ster
I t t h erefore on ly r e m ai ns to i n q u ire w h at cou rse s ha l l be taken to rebuke see
t io n a l fan at i ci s m and pr e s e rve ou r cou n try fro m th e dangers of it s success
Y o u a re a w are that this Rep u b l ican party w h i ch w e al l agree m us t be put
d o w n at al l h azard s i s o pposed by t w o o t her party organ i za t ions—the A m e r i can
h ead ed b y M essr s F i l l m ore and D onelso n an d the D e m o cr a t icfl ed on by M e ssrs
Buch an an and B reckm r idge Y o u w i l l recol lect th at M r Fi l l m ore pr i or t o h is
r ece n t visi t to E urope ab a ndo n ed the W hig party an d beca m e a m e m ber of t h e
for m er o f t hese orga n iza t ions w hic h b o as t e d t hat it h ad risen upon t h e d w nfa l l of
th e W hig p a rty a n d w hi ch procl ai m ed th at t h e corru ptions o f t h e W h ig a n d
D e m ocr a t i c p arties co n sti tuted the n ecessi t y of it s existence
Y o u kn o w t hat h e
t
not
by
a n d A n d r e w J a ckson D onel son h ave been n o m i n a t ed by this party
h
e
(
W h i g p a r t 3 ) for the p residen cy and v ice presid en cy ; and you w i l l ad m i t th at the
ri
nci
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s
of
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se
of
rel
gious
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ni
ons
re scri t io n
i
a n d other r e p u t ed te n e t s of
p
p
p
t his n e w par t y are i n d i rec t an tag o nis m w ith t h e pri n ci ples o f th at go o d ol d W h i
ar
t y to whi c h w e are s t i l l attac h ed an d w hi ch h as been aband o n e d by M r Fil
p
I t is n ot m y obj c t i n referring to th ese facts to deny t o t h e A m e r i can
m ore
ar
t y sin ce the secession of i ts abol i t i on adh er e n ts a fa i r cl ai m to n a t i on a l it y ; n o r
p
t o d e n y t h e p a t r i o t i s m and v i rtue of M r Fi l l m ore n or his e m i n e n t qu al i fica t i on for
t h e office of C hief M agist rate
B ut I do d e d uce fro m t h e m t he n ece ssary con c l u
sion th at as Whigs w e o w e n o party al l egi ance to M essrs Fi l l m ore and D one l
I ded uce the concl usi on th at
so n m e n b e rs a n d no m i nees of the A m eri can p a rty
a s W h i gs w e are n ot on ly at l i berty but th at as patri ots w e are b o und by e very
ob l iga t i n to ou r c o un try an d posterity to thro w a sid e on the on e h a nd the fee l
ings of hos t i li ty w hich M r Fi l l m ore s desertion of our part y w ou l d be cal cul ated to
en g nd r a n d on the o t he r h a n d to forget for the ti m e our for m er battl e s w ith
t h e D e m oc r ati c pa r ty an d to a sk ou rse l v es bu t on e questi on —w h ich of the t w o
n ati onal o rgani zati ons o ffe r s th e best
g u a r a n t ee of success in crus h i n g ou t of e xist
l ife of your
en C e t his n e w and m onstrous sect i on al p a r ty w hi c h threa t ens t h
cou n try ?
I do not p ropose to exa m i n e th e rel a t i ve cl ai m s of the t w o n ati onal
part i e s or th ei r no m i nees to our sup port It is n ot i n m y j udgm e n t p e r m issi bl e
i n t he p re s e nt crisis to i nte rpose ou r i n di vid ual did e re n ces of O pinion upon m i nor
questions It i s su tfi cien t for us to k n o w that the e l e ction of ei t her n ation a l n o m
in ee w ou ld secure the U nion ; a n d th e on ly que st ion per m i tted by patri o tis m is
W h e t h e r ou r s u pport of the one or the o t her wou ld m ore certai n ly pro ve succes f u l ?
B u t b e fo re I p roceed t o th is i n qui r y h a vi n g sh o w n that n o p o li t i cal al l eg i an ce
to M essrs F i l l m o re and D in clso n w i l l i n t e r p o se to preven t th e fai r exercise o f ou r
j udg m e n t o n t hat sid e I pr o pose b riefly to i n qui re w he t her t here i s any thi n g t o
p re v ent o u r su pport of t he d e m ocratic no m i ne e s i r aft er i n vesti ga t ion w e s h al l b e
l ieve t ha t ou r vo t e in their favor w ou ld m ore cer t ai n ly secu r e th e safe t y of ou r
cou n t ry I t ca n n o t have escaped you r o bser v a t i o n t hat the pol i t ical p ri nci pl es upo n
w hic h t he W hig and D e m ocratic parties h ave battled for thi rty years w ith varie d
s
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5
success h ave been for t h e m ost part set t l e d by t h e fia t of t h e people and th at s u ch
a s h av e n o t be n so d fi n i te ly d isp o sed o f h a ve b e e n e i t he r a b a i i d i d by t h e o n e
or a d o p t d by t h e O t h r of tho se pa r ties ; so that n o w t h e r e p r es n t a ti ve s of t h e
peo pl e i i i t h e h al ls of S t ate a n d fed r a l l egi sl a t i o n are fo u n d i nd i scri m i n a t l y a d v o
p p s i n g t h e sa m e p r i n ci p es a n d m e a su res N o t on ly is t h e r n o
cat i n g a n d
ri
l
e o f p l i t ical a nt a goni s m w hich s h ul d pr v e n t Whigs and D e m o c rats a cting
ci
p
p
toge t h e r f r the b e n e fit f th e i r co m m o n co u n t ry b t i t it is C O l l Il d L l l l ly su b m i t t ed
th a t p o n t h e on ly v i t al qu e sti o n — that w hi ch n o w a gi t at e s a n d endang e r s t h e
cou ntry — t h e t w o p a rties fu l ly a cc o rd I l i o Whig and D e m o cr a t ic pla t lo r m s u po n
th e l av e ry questi o n iii 1 8 52 w e re id e n ti ca l ; a n d th e r e bei ng n o \V l i ig n o m i n ee s
befo r e t h e p o pl e i t m ig h t be sugges t e d th a t consi st ncy w ou l d ra t her req u i re tha n
h e c on trol li n g i n qui ry
T
( ) p se t h e su pport of th e D e m o c r a t ic n o m i n ees by W higs
P
t h e p a t i t n o w r c u rs w h ich of t h e t wo n a t io n a l o r g a n iz a t io n s ca n by h is v o te
t
5r m a d e m o st ce r t a in l y su ccessf ul ?
E v e ry M a ry l and W h ig w i l l be boun d by eve ry tie of d uty to vote as h is j udg
m en t sh al l d e c i de this question
I t m a y n ot be i m m a t e r ial t o observe th at n e i th er of th e n ation al n o m i ne e s w i l l
obtai n th rou g h o u t t his broad l an d an y vo t es w h i ch w i l l n o t be cast by n a ti o n a l
con s e rva t i v e c i t izen s an d i t is t o b e regretted t h a t i n this crisis th at vote sh o u l d be
d iv ided be t w e e n t w o n a t io n a l candidat e s w h i l st t h e e n t i re an t i n a t i o nal vote w i l l
be con ce n t r t ed u pon t h e sec t ion a l n o m i nee To j udge of th e re l ati v e s t r e ngth of
the t w o n a t ion l o r ganizations it u n necessary to t r a ce m i nu t ely t h e origi n o f t h e
I t is sufficien t to b ri ng to y o u r rec o l l ection t h a t i t w a s ori g i n al l y
A m ri c a n p ar t y
co m pose d N o r t h a n d S o u t h of the dissatisfied m e m b rs of th e t w o ol d p a r t i e s and
th a t i n th e No r t h i ts origi nal m e m bers w ere chi fly th os e w h o opposed t h e c o nser
v a t iv e p r i n c i pl e u pon t h e sl av e ry ques t i o n a vo w ed in t h e pl at for m s of th e t w o ol d
I t m i s t n ot escape you r re col lec t i o n that u pon the no m i na t i n of M e srs
pa r t ie s
Fi l l m ore and D o n e lson a l arge m a j o ri ty of the n or t h r n d e l ega t es seced ed fro m t h e
con v e n tion d e c l a r e d t hei r i n t en ti o n n o t to support t hose n o m i n e es and su bs e quen t l y
t h is separatio n of the s e c tion a l fro m
u n it e d in t h e n o m i nation of M r Fre m ont
t h e n ation a l por t ion of t he A m e r i can p a r t y h a s o ccurred i n e ver y n orth e rn S ate i n
th e con fe d e r acy I de l u ce fro m t h e s e fac t s the n at i o n al i ty o f the su pporter of
M essrs Fi l l m o re and D onel son and I sub m i t t h i n qui ry for th e hon est decisi n of
th o se to w ho m t hi s p a pe r is add ress d w h a t n o n sl a veh o l d in g S t at e ca n t his n a t io n a l
br a n ch of t h e A m erican p ar t y t h us shorn of th e l a r ger portion of it s o r igi n a l
strength p r o m ise i t s n o m in ees?
Le t t h e W higs of M ary l and pon d e r u pon th e vie w
of t his su bj e ct 1 h ave en d e a vored to p resen t t o thei r conside ratio n and n o on e of
the m w i l l say tha t a si ngl e n o n s l ave h o ldi n g S t ate i s certai n for Fi l l m ore a n d D o n
e l son T i m e [ t h in /r W l l l dev e lop t h e fa ct t h a t M essrs F i l l m ore and D on el so n
w i l l be l eft w i thou t a n elec t o ra l t i cket i n m ost of t he free S t a t es an d i t is at an y
r ate the de li b e rate con vic t ion of m y j udg m en t that they w i l l n ot carry a si ngl e
i n t h e U n i on l t I a m right o r eve n approxi m a t e t h e
n o n sl aveh o l ding S t a t e
tr u t h i n the v i e w I have t ak n it w i l l n ec e ssari ly f l low t hat a n y conse r v a t i ve vo t e
for the Ain r ica n n o m inees Nor t h w i l l be equi v a l e n t to a vote for M r Fr em on t a s
it w i l l be a vote taken fro m M r Buch a nan h is on ly real co m petitor s
I t i s cl e ar then th at to the S o u t h al one can t h e friends of M essrs Fi l l m ore an d
D onelson l ook for t h e pro babl e c h an ce o f an el e c tora l vote an d it is to the S t a t es
of M a ry l and Ten nesse e Ken tu cky and M i so u r i t h at they p rofess to l ook w i t h t he
It is m a n i fe st t ha t i f this hope w ere reali z e d it m igh t
greate st h e pe of suc ce ss
i ndeed p revent t he e l e ction of M e ssrs Bucha nan and B recki nridge by the p eopl e
b u t it w ou l d onl y th ro w the el e ction of Pr e siden t i n to t h e p r esen t H o u se Q f R e/ n e
D oes n ot the election of this sa me
sen t a t ioes co m posed as that House n o w is
Ho u se a ft er a contes t of t w o m on ths of a Bl ack Repu b l i can S peake r ad m o n ish us
of the d anger of spch an experi m en t 3 W h o can d u b t that our p o l i t i cal fa b ric
w ou ld be s h a ke n to its very foun d a tion s by t h is e l e c t ion of P residen t b ing thro wn
u pon t h e presen t House of Re presentati ves ?
O n the other hand is it n ot cert a i n
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5
beyon d t h e con ti n gen cy of a d ou bt th at th e vote of th e S tate s in dicate d for M r.
B u ch a n an w he n a dd e d to th a t o f the ot her so u t her n S tates w o u l d secu r e hi s e l ec
t ion a n d the conse qu en t safety of th e U ni on ? I t is obvious th at i n this con d i ti on
th a t
o f th e can vass the on ly seri ous con test is th at b et w een F rem on t a n d B uch an an
t h e o n ly possi b le r es u l t th at th e m ost sang u in e o f th e fri en d s of Fi l l m ore a n d D oin
a so n can hope to attai n i s to carry th e con test i nto th e House of R presen tati ves
W h o can con cei ve any thi n g m ore fatal to t h e peace of the co u ntry m ore i n an e In
po l iti cal action than s u ch a cou rse of con d u c t l ea di ng to s u ch a res u l t ? S u ppose
M r Fi l l m ore to reach the H o u se of Rep resen tati v es w ith th e votes of fo u r o r fi v e
S tates (h is u tmost possi b le strength ) n o m a n can seriousl y con te n d t ha t he w o u ld
be el ecte d Presi de n t a n d assured ly fe w w o u l d be fo u n d b o l d e no u g h to assert t h a t
The on l y e ffect then of gi vi ng t h e
u n d er s u c h ci rc u m stan ces he o u g h t to b e
el ecto ra l vote of a n y porti on of the S o u th to M r F i l l m ore w o u l d be to t r a n sfer t h e
con test b et w een M r B u chan an a n d F re m on t fro m the h u stings to the H o use of
Rep resen tatives a n d th e d anger to o u r cou n try n o w su fiicien t l y m en acing w o u l d
i n th at ev e n t be appal l i n g i n dee d W h o can con te m p l ate th e occ u rre n ce o f su ch !
con t i ngen cy w i tho u t feeli n g th at h e w o u l d b e a traitor to his co u ntry if he fai le d
to e x e rt every possi bl e effort to avert so a w fu l a cal am i ty ?
I d e e m i t th en to be m y d u ty as w el l as th at of al l w h o beli eve w ith m e th at
the el ec t ion of F rem on t w o u l d b e th e death k n el l of th e Uni o n to u n ite i n t h e
B uchan an a n d B recki n ri d ge ; a n d I sh al l s u stai n thei r e lc e t iOn
su pport of M essrs
W hi lst I conce d e t hat there are certai n pri nci p l e s h it h
t o t h e best of my a b i l i ty
er to p rofess e d by the party w hic h n om in ate d them th at ca n n ot recei ve o u r s u ppor t
yet on the great i ss u es of th e consti tu tion al righ ts of th e S o u t h the pl a t form o n
w hich th ey stan d m eets my cor d ial appro al a n d i s i n accor d ance w i t h that of t h e
party w hich I n e w a dd ress a n d to w h ose ki n d favor I o w e the hon or of h ol d ing
th e seat I n o w cccu py a n d w hich I sh al l cease to hol d after th e 4 t h of M arc h n e x t
b y t h e fla t of th at party to w h ich M r F i l l m ore h as attache d h imsel f a n d w hich is
n o w d om i n a n t i n the l gisl at u re of my n ative S t ate
Le t M ar y l a n d W h igs remem ber th at the pol i tica l battl e n o w b ei ng fo u gh t is o n e
o f t h e d eepest i n terest to them ; th at th e m ai nten an ce of th e cons t i t u tion al righ t s
of t h e S o u th is the iss u e ten d ere d to the A m e rican peop l e by the D e m ocratic
par t y a n d (as th e W higs h ave n o can d i d at e ) by t h at party alo n e ; t hat u pon thi s
issu e the Re p u b lican party h ave stake d the U ni on ; a n d i n s u ch a battl e u pon
su ch an iss u e they m u st b e tr u e to those w h o are d oing bat t l e i n o u r beh alf
It
w o u l d b e i n d ee d sa d if i n su ch a con test the con servati ve strength of the co u n try
sh o u l d n o t b e u n i t e d ; i t w o u l d b e as strange as sa d i f in s u ch a c on t est so u the rn
m e n sh o u l d n o t b e fo u n d b at t l ing sh o u l d er to sh o u l d er for the m ai nten ance of t h eir
o w n constit u tion al r ights
I n th u s a ccom pl ishi ng w h at I bel ieve to b e a d ut y I sh al l b e i ne x pressi b l y grati
h ed i f I shal l fi n d myse lf s u stai ne d by the app ro v al of my fel l o w W higs w h o h a v e
refuse d to a ban d on ei ther t he par t y or the p ri n ci pl es i n s u pport of w h ic h w e hav e
so l ong a n d so faithfu l ly u n ite d a n d w h i c h w e sh al l rem ai n at per fect l i berty to r e
o rg a ni z e as soon as o u r com m on effort s shal l h ave s u cce ed e d i n aver t i ng the per il s
th a t n o w threaten o u r be l o v e d co u n try
TH OM AS G PRATT
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TE E P RES ERV ATI ON OF TH E U NION P ARAM OUN T TO ALL PARTY
O B LI G A TI ON S
.
L ET T ER OF H ON
J A M ES AL F RED PE ARC E
.
W A S H I N G TO N J u l y 3 1
M Y D E AR S I R : Y ou a sk w h at par t I mean to take in the co ming pres id en t ia l
el ectio n a n d w h at I thin k sho u l d be d on e b
o l d W hi gs w h o h ave n ever bee n a s
y
,
,
,
t a cli ed
to
oth er party
a ny
wh o
a nd
,
do
d esi r e
n ot
to enter i n to
pol i tica l
n ew
co n n e x ro n s
.
I am w e l l a w are of th e e m b arrassm en t s to s u ch person s w hich atten d a ch oic e
In my o w n case
a m o n g t h e can d i d ates for t h e presi d e ncy n o w before t h e co u n try
this em barrassmen t is sensibly fel t M y i ncl i nation s poi n t o n e w a y : a sense of t h e
d u ty a risin g from the p resen t d angero u s con d i tion of d omestic pol i tics l ea d s m e
a n ot h er w a y
M y past rel ation s po l i tical a n d person al w ith M r F i l l m ore the con fi den ce I
h ave al w ays repose d in his i n te gri t y a n d a bi l i ty t h e w is dom of hi s a d mini s tration
a n d th e con vi cti on I en tertai n th at h e is a
j ust n ation al m a n a n d free fro m sec
ti ch e l p rej u d ice w o ul d i n d u ce me to p refe r h i m to h is com peti tors Nei th er do I
y
properl
l
i
mite
a n d restrai n e d
o b ec t to the sen ti men t of A m erican n ati on al ity
d
j
In dee d I th i n k th at o u r presen t system h as m a d e Am erican ci ti z enshi p too cheap
B u t I d id n ot approv e t h e my sterio u s system u n de r w hich t h e Ame ri can party of
the oaths a d m in i ste r e d t o
w h ich he is n o w th e represen ta t ive w a s o rg ani z e d
me mb ers u pon i n iti ati on a n d the d isci p lin e o f th e or der by w hi c h secrecy a nd
obe d ience w ere sec u re d H o w far al l this h a s bee n d ispen se d w i th I d o n ot k n o w
The origi nal pl an of th ei r organ i z ation I co u l d n ot bu t con d em n as I do t he a dop
tion of a n y pri n ci pl e w hich fo u n d s a r u l e of pol itica l e x cl u sion u pon a d iversi t y of
re ligio u s faith H o wever m o d i fie d i n these respec t s thei r p l a n m ay n o w be it is
n ot n ecessary for me to i n qu i re Th e n orthe rn w in g of th e party came i nto i t a s
I th in k w i t h p u rposes very d ifi e re n t from th ose e ntertain e d by the rest Th ey
a dopte d i t as a cl oak to sch em es w hi ch al l of u s i n M ary l an d con de m n a n d d etest
Th e nec essary a ffi l iation s of th at w i ng of t h e p arty w ere w i th the an t i sl avery m en ;
a n d accor d i ngl y w e fi n d th e m ask n o w th ro w n o ff by th e m ost of them a n d see
the d e el op m e n t of thei r pl an s i n s u c h a m eas u re as th e person al l i be rty bi l l of
M a ssac h use t ts w h ich n u l lifies a l a w of C on gress v iol ates th e consti t u tion al g u ar
an tee for th e recovery of fu giti ve s laves a n d creates the fi ercest a n d m ost d anger
Thei r mem bers of C ongress h av e
o u s d iscor d bet w ee n the N orth a n d th e S o u th
for th e most part b een consoli d ate d w ith t h e perni cio u s p a rty miscal le d Rep u bl icans
a n d m an y of the d e l egates to thei r
presi d en t i a l con ven tion h ave d ese r t e d to that
m otl ey a l l i an ce w h ose tri u m ph w o u l d be th e sa dd est cal am i ty th at ever be f l o u r
U nion
l h e com parati vel y sm al l portio n of th e A merican party w hi ch rem ai n ed
after th is tr ansfer to the an ti sl avery men a n d w hich has n omi n ate d M r F i l l more
is w ith o u t po w er to elect h im e v e n w i th the assistan ce of so u th ern W higs or
These h o w eve r great thei r person al respec t for a n d
n ati on al n orth ern W hi gs
c o n fi dence i n M r F il l more are u n d e r n o par t y o b ligations n o w to gi ve h im t hei r
su ppo rt
seei ng t hat he h as become a mem ber a n d accepted the n om ination of a
p arty w hich r e p u diates th e W higs ; a n d w h i l e th ey w o u l d be w i l li n g i n a con te st
w ith th e i r o ld oppon en ts to stan d by a l l th ei r pol i t ical opi ni ons to t h e last they
fi n d am p l e reason i n the present con d ition o f parties i n the pol itical an arch y w hi ch
prevai ls a n d in t he fear of a section a l a n d an ti sl avery tri u m ph l ead ing to u l terior
conse qu ences of t h e w orst sort to con si d er w hether i t is n ot t hei r d u ty to sacri fice
a l l personal feel in g a n d party p re u d ice for th e sake of the Union a n d t o s u stai n t h e
j
n om in ation s of the D em ocrats as th e on ly m ea n s of d efeating t h e schemes of t h e
m a d agi tators w h o r u l e the Re p u blican party
The con t est i t seem s to m e lies b et w een M r B u ch an an a n d M r F rem on t M r
F i l l more s frien d s i n de e d cl ai m a gr e at react i on in his favor ; b ut I h ave t a k en mu ch
pains to ascertai n w h at h is strength i s in the free S t ates a n d so fa r I h ave not b ee n
a bl e to satisfy my self th at he can carry a si ngl e o n e of them
H is w ise a n d patri
o tic con d u ct w hi le P resi d ent w hi ch reco m men d e d h im so strongly to the W h gs of
t h e S o u th is regar de d by the m a j ori ty at the North as a fata l o bj ection to h im
I t is n ot mo deration a n d concili a t ion they desi re ; th ey thi nk a s on e of th e i r lead
sai d that t h e ti me for com promises has passe d They w ant i n the P resi den t a n
i n str u me n t t o pun ish t h e S o u t h for w h a t they fa n cy or pr eten d t o b e the a ggr es si on s
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of th e sl ave po w er u pon th e North M r Fi l l m ore is too n ation al for th is pur
pose and he m us t i n d eed be cr e l u lo u s or sangui n e in t he ex t re m e w h o su ppose s
t h at t h e p o l it i ci ans w h o h a v e m i sguided and i n fla m ed the n orther n m aj o r i ty w i ll
aband o n thei r designs an d ren ou nce th e spoi ls for w hi c h they h u n g e r a n d t hi rst
j ust at th e m o m en t w h en for t he first ti m e t hey are confident of the s li ccess o f t h e
one an d t h e enj o y m en t of the ot h er M r Fil l m o r e s strength lies i n the Whig
If a ll the sou ther n S t a tes sh o u l d give h im thei r v o tes h e
S tates o f the South
w ou ld fa i l i n t h e e l ectio n w ith ou t suc h as sistan ce fro m the free S tates as i t w ou l d
be vai n to l o o k for The ch oice th en i s bet w een M r Buch an an a n d M r Fr o
?
o
t
and
w
hat
ary
l
an
d
Whig
bel
ie
v
ing
as
I
do
can
h
esitate
M
n
m
;
I a m n ot so u nj ust as t o ch arge al l the nor t her n m e n w h o j oin i n th e support of
T here are m en a m on g the m w h o m I h o l d
M r Fre m on t w i t h being abol i t ionists
in m uc h respect w hi l e dep l ori ng th e error of j udg m e n t in t o w hich they h ave fal l e n ;
b ut t h e m ost acti ve a n d iufluen t ia l of th e i r l e aders are m e n w h o fro m perve rted udg
m e n t or i n fla m ed passio n or w hat is w orse fro m del i berate cal cu l a t ion h a ve de
t e r m in e d to b ui l d u p a sec t i o n a l par t y rec k less of i ts peri l to the Union on ce so
j us t ly v al ued b u t n o w es i m ated far l ess at t he North t h an at the So u th M r
G ree ley is at t h i s mo m en t m ore potenti al w i t h his party than a ny o t her of it s
He has t h e ben e fit of M r G iddi ngs s co c pe ra t io n G ov rn or C hase
m e m b e rs
Thei r p resses tee m
M r S e w ard and M r Wi lson are ac t i ve an d i n fluen ti a l l eaders
w ith t h e fiercest abuse of southern m e n a n d so u thern i nstituti ons w i t h t h e gr o ssest
t h w icked l y m ade to in fla m e the n orthern m i n d Thei r orator s
erversions
of
the
tru
p
de n ou nce us equa l l y a n d s o m e do n o t h esitate to say that they i n ten d o r de si re n ot
on l y t o restore Ka n sas to the operation of th e M issou ri restri cti on but to r e pea l t h e
fu git iv c sl a v e bi l l to abol i sh sl a very i n the D ist rict of C ol u m bia to in terd ict the
i nter State s l ave trade so as to preve n t th e o w n er fro m m igra t ing w ith h is do m e s
ti e s fro m on e s l ave S t ate to an other to pre ven t forever her e after t h e ad m issio n of
any n ew S t ate w hi c h to l erates do m estic se rvi tude a n d to h e m in a n d co n fin e
sl ave ry w i t h i n its prese nt l i m i t s ; t h us con ti n u a l ly i ncreasi ng th e poli t i c al po we r
of t h ei r sec t ion u n t i l w e sh al l be too w eak to resist thei r futu re e ffor t s to i m pai r t h e
v a l ue of our pecu l i ar property and final ly to destroy i t
We do not i nd e d fi n d
a l l t hese obj ec t s l aid d o w n i n the p l a t for m of t hei r par ty ; a n d there are m e n as
so cia t ed
w i t h the m w h ose desig n s by n o m ean s ex ten d so far
an d w h o if they
k ne w the p r obab le conse que n ces of t h ei r success w ou l d recoi l fro m the e v i l associ
a t io n s i n to w h ic h they have fal le n
But then m ore m od e rate m en are n ot t h e m aster
spi rit s in this l e ague of agi ta t ion an d w i l l be p o w erl e ss to s t op t h e m ischi e vou s
m easu res w h ich I t hi nk ce r t ai n to fol lo w the succ e ss of the co m bi nation w h ich t hey
a r e n o w aid ing The ton e of the press i n thei r in t e res t th e speeches of m a n y m e m ber s
o f C ong r ess a n d o f th e a m a t e u r o r tors of the p a t
a ll clearly ev ince a de t er m i n ation
y
to u ni t e al l t he peop l e of the free States if possi b le I n fierce and re len tless hostil ity
to those of the Sou th It is th e strife of sections i n w hich t h ey hope t o succeed ;
and in w h a t w ou ld thei r s uccess resul t ? Not i n for m ing a m ore perfe ct union n o t
i n es t abl i shi ng j ustice or in suri n g do m estic t ran qui l l i t y a ll of w hi ch are am ong
t h e d e cl ared o bj ects of that cons t i t u t ion w hich W as h in gton and the o t he r fa t h e rs of
the rep u bl i c gave to us b ut i n the j ealousies d iscor d an d hatred i n separabl e fro m a
”
c haracter i zed by geographical
par t y
discri m i nation s
I t w a s a g a in st t h is t h at
t h e F a ther of his C ou n try w arn e d us i n his Fare w e l l Add ress — the l as t l eg a cy of
t h e sp o t le ss patr i ot to the coun t ry he h ad l oved an d served so w e l l
S o m e y ears ago (in
w h e n the danger of this section a l organization wa s
l ess tha n it is n o w M r C l ay g a ve us his ad v i ce i n the fol lo w i ng w ords
Ab o l i t i n i m sh o u l d n o l o ge r b r
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i r p re e n t a im of u n it in g t h e i n h bi t n t s of t / e f r e S t a t es s on m n
ag i
sl v e S l a t es
Un i o n on on e si d e w i l l beg et u n i on o n t h o t h e r a n d
E
ll is p r o cess of r eci p r o c l c n so l id t i o n w i l l be a t t en ded w i t h a l l t h e v i l en t p r ej u d ices emb i t t er ed
n im
i t i es w h i h v er d g r d ed or d fo m ed h u m a n n t u r e V m l d is
p ssi n s n d impl c bl
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On e sect i on w i l l st a n d in m en a ci n g a n d h ost i l e a r r a y a g a in st t h e ot h er
Th e co l l i si on of opin
me
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n st t h e in h a bil a n s o t h e
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be fo l l ow ed by t h e cl a sh of a ms
I
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f o m o u r v ii -w
A o t io
t io
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o f ( I s o lu t e t l fi
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s o f ci i iz
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w i l l n t a t t em pt t o d e c r i b e sc n es w h i ch n o w
b l i n i t s t h e e lv e s w u l l s h r i n k b a c k i n d m a y
e l d s c flug ra t e d c i t i e m u rd e red I n h a b i t a n t s
h m a n g v er n me n t t h a t eve r r o e t o a n i m a te t h e
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I t w i l l be s a i d Pe r h a i s t h at t h is is m e re d e c l a m a t i on
t h at M r C l a y s fer v i d
s p i r i t ga v e t oo w ar m a c ol o r i n g t o t h e pt ct u re ; bu t w e n eed on l y re m ar k t h e p a s
sio n a t e v i l e n c e w h i c h c h a r ac t e r i ze s m e n w h o h a v e l ate l y y i e l d ed t o t h i s s ect io n al
p h re n sy t o sat i s fy 0 11 1 scl ves w h at is t h e t e m p er n at u ra l t o s u c h rga ni z at i o ns At
t h e c o n v e n t i o n in P h i l a d e l p h i a h e l d b y t hos e w h o no m i n ated M r Fr e m on t a co n
s icu us a n d d is t i n g u i sh e d ge n t l e m a n
h eret o fo re c o nsi d e red m o d e r a t e a n d co n
p
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se r r a t iv e m ad e a sp eec h i n w h i c h a m i d st c h ee r s a n d cr i e s o f
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h e y ( m e a n i n g t h o se w h o a ppo i n te d t h e me m ber s o f t h e co n v e n t im ) a sk u s t o g i ve t h e m
a n m i n a t i n w h i c h W ll n pu t f i r l y b e f re t h e peo t l e w i l l u n i te pu b l C se n t i m e n t n d
t h r g h t h e b a l l t b o x w i l l re t r a i n a d re pe l t h i s p ro l a ve r y e X t e sio a n d t h i gg re si n
la e o cr cy
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W h a t e l se a re t h e y d i n g ? T h e y te l l y
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a l on e i s re s p ons i b l e fo r t h i s r h a p so d y B u t i t ca n n o t be d o u b t ed t h at t h e fee l i n g
w h i c h p r o m p ted h i m w a s t h e s a m e w hi c h a n i m ated t h e p re a c h e r w h o p re p os ed t o
s u p p l y t h e b ret h re n i n Ka ns a s w i t h bre a d a n d p o w der t oo a n d w h i c h h a s st im u
l at e d o t h e r p r e a c h er s a n d t h e i r c o n g regat i ons t o s u b s cr i b e S h ar p e s r i fle s a s t h e
m os t e ffi cac i o u s i ns t r u m e n t i n t h e adj u s t m e n t o f t h e c o n tr o v er s i e s i n t h at T err i t o r y
w h i c h a l l g oo d m en de p l o re h o w e v e r t h e y m a y d itfe r a s t o t h e ca u s e s o f t h e un
h a pp y a n arc h y w h i c h p r e v a i l s t h ere Fo r m y s e l f I a c k n o w l edge m y d u ty t o re
d re ss so far a s I ca n a l l t h e rea l gr i e v a n ce s c om p l ai n ed o f i n t h at region a n d I
h a v e s u pp os ed t h at t h e b i l l rece n t l y p a ss e d b y t h e S e n ate w a s w e l l ca l c u l ated t o
re m ed y t h e m be c a u s e it p r o p os e s t o e n act t h at n o l a w sh a l l be m ade o r h a v e
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a n y act o f C on g re ss o r o t h e r l e gisl at i v e act a s a qu a l i fi cat i on fo r a n y c i v i l o ffi ce o r
p u bl i c tr u s t o r fo r a n y e m p l o y m e n t o r p r o fe ssion o r t o s er v e as a j u r o r o r v o te a t
a n e l ec t i o n o r w h i c h sh al l i m p os e a n y t a x u p o n o r c o n d i t ion t o t h e e x erc is e o f t h e
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y i e l d t o p rej ud i ce o r p a si on w h o w i l l cred i t t hi s a ss ert i on Un fo rt u n ate l y t h e y
are n o t t h e m a j o r i t y A t a ll e v e n t s i n t h e m os t o f t h e free S t a t e s t h e m a ss e s o f t h e
Re p ub l i ca n p arty are l ed b y m e n w h o d o n o t m ea n t o be s a t is fi ed w i t h a n y l e gis l a
t io n w h i c h i s n o t t o re s u l t i n p l ac i n g t h e g o v er n m e n t u n de r t h e i r c on tr ol ; b y m en
w h o s a y t h at t h e fra m er s o f t h e c ons t i t u t i o n
m ade a c om p r omi s e t h at ca n no t be
m e n t i o n ed w i t h o u t s h a m e w h o s a y o f M r Fi l l m o re i n a l l u si on t o h is si gni n g t h e
fugit i v e sl a v e b i l l
better far h ad h e n e v er bee n b o r n —be t t er fo r h i s m e m o r y a n d
fo r t h e n a m e o f h i s c h i l d re n h ad h e n e v er bee n P re si de n t w h o dec l are t h at b i ll
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t o be on e o f t h e i m mo r t a l cata l g u e s o f n at i on a l cr i m e s a n d t h at h e w h o s i g n e d
it t h ereb y
s u n k i n t o t h e d e p t hs o f i n fa m y w h o p r on o u n c e t h e fug i t i v e s l a v e t o
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be o n e o f t h e h er o e s o f t h e a ge a n d t h e m aster w h o de m a n d s h i m a
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a n ce o f i t a s t h e s up re m e l a w o f t h e l a n d ; w h o d i s regard t h e de c i i on s o f t h a t
h i g h tr i b u n a l w h os e o ffi ce i t is t o dec i de c ons t i t u t ion a l qu e s t i ons ; w h o c l a i m t o set
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w h o se fo undat i o n s are t o b e fo u nd i n the i r o w n fan at i cal imaginat i o n s
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al to gether W e see the e ffe cts o f th i s in the increas i n g rest i v en ess o f a part o f o ur
po p u lat i o n in th e o ften repeated escapes o r o u r serv a n ts fr o m the m ildest fo rm o f
serv i tude e v er k n o w n an d i n the ready acceptance o f the rec o m me ndatio n n o t t o
h esi tate at theft r o b bery an d m urd e r if need b e t o acco m pl i sh the i r fli ght Fr o m
t h i s c o nd itio n o f t h i ngs w e can e x pect n o rel i ef if the ant i s l avery pa r ty succeed in
To defeat the i r n o m i n at i o n seems t o m e t o be o u r fi rst
t h e elect io n o f M r Frem o n t
du ty and greatest in terest an d th erefo re I am ready t o ad o p t th at c a n d idate w h o
appears m o st l i k ely t o a cc o m p l i sh th is p u rp o se 1 add as sh o wing the e x treme
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m ade l ately by M r W e ndel l P h i l l i ps S pea ki ng o f the Rep u b l i can party h e says :
I t i s t h e fi rst s e c t io n a l p a r t y e v e r o rg a n i z d i n t h i s co u n t r y I t d o e s n o t k n o w i t s o w n
I t cal l s i t s e l f n a t i o n al ; b u t i t i s n o t n a t i on a l ; i t i s s c t io a l ; i t i s t h e N o r th a r r a y e d
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e l ec t Pr e m on t !
h e So u t h
T h e o d o r e Pa r k e r w a n t e d t o k n o w o n ce w b r e d i s
o f t h e N o r t h pl d g e d a g a i n st
I w i:l t e l l h im —j u s t W h er e t h a t pa r t y d i v i d e s ; t h a t i s a n o r t h e r n p a r ty
u n ion w o u l d b e g i n ?
s o u h e r n I d o n t cal l i t a n a n t i s l a v er y p a r t y i t h a s n o t r i s e n t o t h a t y et I t s
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I h ave n o i dea th at th i s is t o b e c o nsidered as sh o w in g the gen eral pu rp ose o f
t h e Re pub l i can party but I am w el l sat i s fi ed t h at such o p i n i o ns are gr o w i ng i n the
N o rth u nd er th e c o nstan t tea ch i ngs o f such ap o stles as M r P h i l l i ps and th is
speech sh o w s the tendency o f p res e n t eve nts
I h ave bee n p o l it i cal ly o pp o s e d t o th e D em o cratic p arty fo r so m an y years th at
I can n o t w i tho u t re l uctance c o n temp l ate th e n ecess i ty o f su pp o rt i ng the i r n o m i nee
Y e t it m ust be adm i tted t h at h e is a m an o f a b il i t i es and l arge p u b l i c e x per i ence ;
t h at he h as been j ust t o the S o uth th o ugh n o t assum i ng t o be a n o rth e rn m a n
w ith s o uthern pr i nc i pl es ; th at h i s i n cl i natio ns are gen e ra l ly c o nser v at i ve ; that he
n um bers am o ng h i s p r o m i nen t supp o rters m any ge ntl eme n o f t al ents an d patr i o t ic
ch aracter e ntitl ed n o t o n ly t o th e c o n fi dence o f t he i r party but t o i n fluence w i t h
t h e c o u ntry at l arge ; an d that m any o f the o l d issues b e t w ee n t he W h i gs an d t h e
Tw o o bj ecti o n s t o h i m are m uc h rel i ed o n by h i s o pp o
D em o crats are o b s o l ete
It h as been al leged th at he c o u n tenan ced a nd pr o m u l gated
n e n t s in the S o uth
t h e charge o f b arga i n and c o rrupt i o n aga i nst M r C l ay in the e l e ct i o n by the H o use
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t h e C art e r B e v erly l etter l e d t o M r B u ch an an s be i ng n amed as a w itn ess ; a n d
t h at he then p r o m p tl y d en i e d the statemen t w h ich h e w as rel i ed o n t o pr o ve and
a t the r i s k o f l o s ing G en J ac ks o n s fav o r an d that o f h i s party
e x o n rated M r
F r o m the l e tte r w h ich he then p u b l i she d I e x tract t he fo l l o w i ng p a ssage :
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I o w e i t to m y o w n c h a r ac t e r to m a ke a n o t h e r o b s e r v a t io n H a d I e v e r k n o w n o r e v en
su s pect e d t h a t G en J a ck s on b e lie v e d I h a d b e e n s e n t t o h i m b y M r C l a y o r h i s f i e n d s I s h o u l d
h a v e i m m e i a t el y co rr ect e d h i s e r r o n e o u s i m p e ss i o n a n d th u s p r e v e n t e d t h e n c ss it y fo r
W h n t h e e d i t o r o f t h e U ni t d S t a t e s T e l eg r a p h o n t h e
t h i s m o s t u p ca s a n t ex p la n a t io n
1 2 t h o f Octo b e r l a s t a s k e d m e b y l e tt e r fo r i n fo r m a t io n o n t h i s s u bj ec t I p r o m p t l y i n fo r m ed
h im b y t h e r e t u r n i n g m a i l o n h e l 6 t h o f th a t m o n t h t h a t I h a d n o a u t h o r i t y fr o m M r C l a y
0 r h i s fr i e n d s t o pr o po s e a n y t e r ms t o G en e l J a ck s o n i n r e l a t io n to t h e i r v o t e s n o r d i d I e v e r
m a k e a n y s u ch prO po su io n s ; a n d t h a t l t r u s t e d I w o u l d b e a s i n ca p a b l o f b co m i n g 21 m eg
s u ch a
se n g e r u pon s u c h a n o cc s ion a s i t w a s k n o w n G e n e r a l J a ck s n w o u l d b e t o re ce i v
1 h a v e de e m e d i t n e ce a r y t o m a k e th s s t a t e m e n t i n o r d e r t o r e m o v e a n y m i s co n
m essa g e
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w h i ch m a y h a v e b ee n o cc smn e d b y t h e p u b l i ca t ion in t h e T e l eg ra p h o f m y le tte r t o
t h e e d it o r d a t e d t h e 1 1 t h u l t i m o
Aga i n in 1 8 2 8 in a speech del i vered in th e H o use o f Representat i ves M r Eu
ch an a n decl ared that he h ad n o k n o w ledge o f the barga i n and c o rrupt i o n charg ed
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11
great and in c o rru pt i bl e W h i g l eade r bu t s urel y the y co n trad i ct m o st flat l y th e
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ch arg e o f b e i ng h i s t rad u ce r and ( lcfzi in cr
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p r o u d t s a y h a t t h e l i v e d n o t t h e m n w h o w o u l d w h i s pe r i t
fr o m a l l co n n x io n w i h t h m a t t e r
n s e p ci a l l y o ld l i n e
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W h i g s t o g e t h e r co rd i al s u ppo r t t o t h e U o n t i k e t—t o B u h a n a n a n d B r e ck i n r i d g e
Th e n e x t gr e at o bj ect i o n i s th at M r B uch an an w o u ld b e u nsafe i n h i s m an a ge
m en t o f o ur fo r e i gn a ffa i rs I read i l y ad m i t th at I d o n o t l i k e th e O sten d p a per
a n d I d o n o t a pp r ve certa i n r e s o l u t i o n s ad o pted by t h e C i n c i n nat i C o n ven t i o n
n o t w i th stan d i ng t h e u nan i m o us O pp o s i ti o n f th e V i rg i n i a a n d M ary l an d d el e g at es
a n d I b el i eve o f o t hers ; an d i f h e sh o u l d ad p t t h e a ggr ss i ve p o l i cy su pp o s e d t o
b e pres cr i b e d b y th at p a per and th e res o l ut i o ns I sh o u l d b e as re a dy and as e arnest
in m y o pp o s i t i o n t o h i m as any o n e
B ut h e i s a m an o f k n o w n cau ti o n w h i ch
with h i s i n t e l l i g e n t c o m prehens i o n o f th e true i nterests o f the U n i t ed S t ates an d
t h e resp o ns i b i l i ty o f th e p res i dent i al o ffi ce w h i c h h e c o ul d n o t but rec o gn i se w o u l d
fo rb i d h i s u rg i ng th e c o un try u p o n a c o u rse o f aggr e ss i o n i nc o n s i sten t w i th th e
sp i r i t o f o u r go v ern men t fa i th less t o trea t i es v i o l at i v e o f t h e r i gh ts o f o ther n at i o n s
and d struct i ve o f o u r o w n p e ace h o n o r and c o n c o rd I kn o w that m any o f t h e
l ead i ng m en o f h i s o w n party are s o u nd a n d rel i a b l e i n th i s r e spect ; an d I b el iev e
th at t h e i r c o n s e r v at i v e i n fluen ce w o u ld h arm o n i z e w i th h i s o w n d i sp o s i t i o n I am
th e m o re assu r e d o f th i s because I o bserve th at in h i s l e t ter o f acce pt ance there is
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t o n e w h i c h m e t w i t h the appr o b a t i o n o f e v en the j u d i c i o us and e x per i e n ced d i t o rs
o f th e N at i o n a l Intel l i gen ce r themse l v es p a r ex cel l en ce th e fo es o f al l fi l l ib ust e r in
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W e m a y s ay h w v e r t h a t M r B u h a n a n s o ffi i al l e t te r o f a ce pt a n ce w h i l e n o t ex
xc
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p r e ss l y r p d i a t o n t h e x r e m c a n d
fess i o n o f fa i h by t h e C in ci n a i C o n v n t ion d O S y t b y i ts s p i r i t a n d to n e i n l i e u s t o
h o p t h a t h e m a n s if e l t d o t o co n s t r u t h o s e d o t r in s a s t o d i s a r m t h m o f t h e i r m i s
I n d ed w e n g i v n o O t h r m a n i n g t h a n t h i s t o
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p l a t fo r m o f pr in cii I
a ccep a n c o f t h n o m a t io n t e n d r e d t o h i m b y h i s pa r t y
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p resen t th e pr o spect is th at th e c o n ser v at i v e W h i g v o t e w i l l be so d i v i d e d a s
t o defeat a p o pu l ar e le ct i o n and th r o w th e d e c i s i o n u p o n the H o use o f Repr ese n ta
i ives — a t a l l t i mes an even t t o be depre ca ted but at th is per i o d pe cu l i a rly per
n icio u s and d a ng e r o u s and threaten i ng the rudes t sh o ck t o o u r system
W h at t h e
resu l t w i l l be I w i l l n o t ven tu re t o pred ict bu t I w i l l sa y th at I do n o t see t h e
l eas t pr o ba b i l i ty o f M r Fi l l m o re s elect i o n by the H o use o f Rep resenta t i v es I
t h i n k th refo re it w o ul d be the part o f w i sd o m and patr i o t i sm i n the W h i gs
(by
which I mean t h o s e wh o h av e a ffi l i ate d w i th n o o ther party ) t o thr o w the i r v ot e s
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12
Buch an an as th e stron gest of th e candida t es op posed t o th e n orthern sec
This they m a y do w i th o u t ren ou n ci ng thei r old pol i t ical faith w i th
t io n a l party
T h e m 0 t iv e bei n g th e i ntegri t y of t h e
o u t s t ai n of hon or or s u spi c io n of apos t acy
U n ion —the d e feat of a party w hich i s fou n ded on geographica l discri m i n a t i on s
an d bound tog e t her by d a n gerous section a l sche m es — t h e act w il l be vi n d icate d b y
d isi n t ereste d pat r ioti sm
For m y part I sh al l n o t a bj u re m y p ol i tical creed a n d h a v i n g i n vie w but t h e
sh e object w h ic h I h ave stat e d I sha l l hol d m ysel f ready to t ake any othe r c o ur se
S ho ul d t he hopes of M r F il lm o re s
W h i ch m a y be nece s ary to e ffe c t t h at obj ect
frien ds h e real ized ; sh oul d i t appear tha t h e is m ore l ikely to carry the great body
of t h e patri otic but quiet peop le w h o gen ral ly co m e to t he r es cue i n ti m es of
peri
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B u t I w i l l n ot affe ct a n un al l oy d gratification ; for I can not forget t h at h e is t h e
t he
ca n ida t e of a party w h ich h as p roscri bed W higs w h o w ere n ot m e m bers of
ord e r —
o f a p arty w hi ch boaste d that i t h ad risen o n the rui ns of the Whig a n d
D e m ocratic parties an d w hich h as pron ounced bot h of the m cor r upt
W hatever t h e resu l t I s hal l be con ten t i f the danger ous exci te m en t w hich
t h reaten s o u r peace a n d u n ion ca n be cal m e d d o w n so tha t the ex tre m e opi ni ons
T hen a l ibe
w hich h ave th e i r roots i n prej u di ce an d passi on m a y w i t her a w ay
r a l fo rbeara n ce an d ki n d ly tol e ration of differen t sen ti m en ts m a y r esu m e th e ir in flu
ence If t h is ca n n o t be don e—if th e S outh a n d t h e N or t h are to regard o ne
”
—
th e n soone r or l ater o u r house di vided agai nst itsel f m ust
a n o t her as en e m ies
Then w e sh al l have to say w ith P a n t h eu s
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Ven i t su mm a d i es
D a r da n i a
ci
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.
But ou rs w i l l b e a sadd er fate t h at th at of P r i a m s e m pi re ; for i t w a s n o t t h e
A foreign foe
D ard ani an peop l e by w ho m th e i nevitab l e doo m of Troy w a s fixed
b eat d o w n h er l ofty w al l s an d des t r o y ed the high ren o w n of Ten g e r e race ; b ut w e
sha l l fal l by our o w n suici d a l h ands ; w e w i l l ki n d l e th e fla m es w h ich shal l destroy
t h e ed i fice of ou r constitu ti onal Uni on ; ou rse l ves w i l l break t h e bonds of h a r m o
n io u s i nterest an d fratern al c o ncord w hi ch h ave h el d us tog et her as on e peopl e
M a y Heaven i nspi re u s w i th w isdo m to avert so sad a C a t a st r Oph e l
V ery tru ly m y dear si r y our fr iend
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Hon
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ALFRED PEARC E
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J R FRA N K LI N ,
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B LO W FOR TH E U N ION—A w o n n FOR C IV IL AND
RE LI G IOU S LIB ERTY —AN ENTI R E E X PL O S ION O F TH E BA R G AIN
A ND INTRI G UE S LAN D ER
ONE M ORE
.
S PEEC H O F J A M ES B
D el i v er ed
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in M
a son
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C L AY
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C ou n t y , Ken t u cky , J u l y 2 8 , 1 856
a sse m b l a
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W h i g, t h e
so n o f
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y
L a dies a n d g en t em en , fo o w ci t iz en s of M a son cou n t y
I p r esen t m y se f b e fo r e y o u o n t h i s
o cca si o n u n d e r ci r cu m st a n ce s
e cu i a r a n d e X l r a o r d in a r
ca n d i da t e fo r n o o ffi ce in t h e gi ft
A
p
y
o f t h e pe o p e , in b a d h ea t h , I na me l e ft m v h o m e a n d m
i o n a s a n h u m b e . P'a m fa r m “ :
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a t t h e r e u e st o f t h o se in w h o se n a m es I r e co n i se o ld W h i s a n d D e m o cr a t s , t o co m e h e r e t o
q
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In a l l t h e v a st a ss e m b a e t h e e
d a y t o ca st in m y m i t e a n d t o st r i k e o n e b o w fo r t h e U n i o n
g
a r e pe h a ps n o t m o r e t h a n h a f a d o z e n
e r so n s w h o h a v e ev e r se e n m e b e fo re a n d n o t t h a t
p
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ou h a ve a ll o f y o u , h o w e ver ,
n u m be w i t h w h o m I h a v e t h e lea st
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13
n a m e ; a n d a ll o f y o u h a v e h a rd t h e v i l es t c h a r g es ma d ag a i n s t m e de ig n ed a n d
t o d es tr o y w h a teve r l i tt l e in fl e n e I m i g h t h a p p e n t o p o ss e ss a s a n i n d i v i d u l a n d
t o t a k e fr o m m e t h e c o n fi d e n c e a n d re s p e c t o f m y fe l l o w m
I l a e b e e n d e n o u n c d a s f lse
to th
m e m o r y o f m y f t h e r a n d a s a re n e g a d e t o h i s p r n c i p l e s Fe l l o w c i t i z e s l w a s b n
i i t h e ve r y l
w h i c h m y fa t h e r l i l Ed u c a t e d
W i t h i n a s t o n e s t h ro w o f t h e ca p i t o l
e
u n d e r h i s r a r e t h e s a m h t l t o f A h l n l i w h i c h l s o m u c h d e l i g h t ed a n d u n d e r w h c h
h e h a d s o m e o f h i s n o b l e s t i s ir t i n g a ve s h e l t e r t o m i m y y o u t h fu l d a y
I th ank G d
b l t o p r e s e rve t h a t
t h a t b y m y o w n e x e r t i o n s l h a ve b e n
In m y
re
p t i n h i s fa m i l y
Thus
m a t u r e m a n h o o d I w a s t h e c o m p a n i o n t h e p a rt n e r t h e t r t d f r i e n d o f m y fa t he r
ed u c a t e d a n d t h u s a s o c me d t o be a W h g be ca m e a p a r t o f m y n a t u re I m n o w \N h ig
t t
d i e a \V h ig a s I h a e l i l
Xp
and l
I a m n o w b e fo re
F l l w c t i z e n s y o t h e h e a rd t h e b a r g es
d c a l a m i t i es a g a i n s t m e
w h et h e r I h a e t h e c o u n te n a n c e f n f leg
el e
y o u fa c e t fa c e a d y o u ca n j u d g e fo r y
i e re m
T h e r e i n o o n e d o p o f f l s b l o o d u i g t h r o u g h m y ve i n s N u m bers
a nd i
o f y l e t e p r e s e n t a r e o l d e n o u g h t o re m e l e t he R ve r R i i a n d t h a t b l o o d y d a y w he n
O
o f m y t ac e o n t h a t d i sas t r o u s o cc a s i o n p o u re d
a l l Ke n t u c k y w a s c l o t h e d i n m o u r n i n g
o u t h i s l t e s b loo d fo r h i s c o u n t r y A l l o f y u h ve h e a d f B t n t V i e t a a n d h o w m y o l le
b r o t h e r c o v e red w i t h a h u n d r e d w o u n d s u p o n h i s b ck su r u d d b y e n e m es
long as h is
feeb l e r m co l t r a i s e h i s s w o rd b a t le d fo r t h e h o n o r a n d g l r y o f t h e U n i o n a n d o f h i s n a t i ve
Ke n t u c k y
N o n e o f y o u e n h W fo r g o t t e n t h a t fu n e r a l c o rt e g e w h i c h l e a i n g W a s h i n g t o n
c i t y pa in g t h r o u g h h a l f t h e U n i o n a r r i v ed a t As h l a n d a m i d t h n a t i o n s t e a rs a n d g r i e f— a
p a t r io t wa s b r o u g h t h o m e t o b e l a i d u de r h g ree n s o d o f t h l d w h i c h h a d s o h o o r d h m
a n d u p o n w h i c h h e h a d r e fle c ted s o m u c h h o n o r Fe l l o w C t z e n s t h i s i s m y r ac e—t hese w e re
m y p e o p l e a n d w i t h t h e i r me m o r i es a l w y s p rese n t a d c l u ster i n g a r o u n d m e [ a p p e a l t o y o u
t o k no w w h et he r i t i s p o ss i b l e fo r m e t o be fa l se o r i n s in c ere
E a l y i l t y e a r f l l o w t z e n s i t w a s a p pa r e n t t o a l l m e n t h a t t h e W h i g p a rt y a s a n o r
T h e s e ed s o f i ts fa l l w ere s o w n i n ‘8 40 w he n t h e pl u m e o f a m i i t a r y
ga n iz d p a r t y w a s g o n e
w a s p e r m i tted t o d a z z l e m e n s e y es B u t i n 18 48 w h e n a d p i g t h e d o c t r i n e t h a t
ch ie t i
a v a i l a b il i t y a n d s u cc ess w er e r a t h e r t o b e l o k ed t o t h a n ig h t i n l i e u o f t h t no b l e i d e a t h a t it
t e t o be r i g h t t h n b e Pre i d e n t t h e C o n ve n t io n o f P h i l a d e l p h i a set t h e
eal u p o n t h e
W a s b
Re fu in g t o re a sser t a p l a t fo r m o f W hi g p ri n c i pl e s i t se l e c t e d G e n er a l Ta y l o r
fa te o f t h e p a rt y
Th e hand w ri t i n g
a s i s c a n d d a t e fo r t h e P res i de n cy u p o n t h e s i n g l e i d e a o f h i s a v a i a b i l i t y
wa
a s p l a i n l y u po n t h e w a l l a s a t Be l s h a z z a r s fe a st T h e W h i g pa rt y b r o k e n u p I s r e a n
iz e d a n d a pp a re n t l y h o p e l ess l y s o ; o l d l i n e W h i g s b e g a n t o a s k t h em se l ves t h e q u es t io n w h i c h
W h ere a m I t o g o
R u m o rs
m m h e i m m o rt a l S a g e o f M a rs h fiel d p r o t o u d d h i m se l f
d a l re a d y t o h a ve a tt a i n ed v a S t s t re n g t h e ve n w h i l e
ca m e t o u s o f a n e w pa t y w h i c h was S
m a n y d o u b te d i ts ver y e i s t e n c e
S e r e t a n d m y ster io u s i t w a s re p u t ed l ik e M i n erv a f r o m
f J v e t o h a ve s p r u n g fo r t h fu l l y a r m e d
t h e b ra i n
I ts p r pO es w ere s a id t o be t h e in tr o
d uc t i o n o f a p u re r a n d b t t e r s t a t e o f t h i n g s i n p o l i t i c s a n d t h e g o o d on l y o f t h e c o u n t r y
S ee i n g m a n y o f m y o ld W h i g a sso cia s a t t a c h i n g t h e m se l v es t o i t I w a s t o l d i t w a s b u t
W h ig g e r y in d i g u se a n d t h a t it o n l y d itfe r ed fr o m t h e o l d W h i g pa rt y i n see k i n g a m o d ifi
ca t i o n f t h e n a t u r a l z t io n l a w s I h a d m y se l f a l w a y s t h o u g h t t h a t s o m e m o d i fica t i o n o u g h t
t o b e o a d o f t h o se l a w s a n d t h a t g r e a te r S a fe g u a r d s u g h t t o b e p ac ed a r o u n d t h e e l e c t i ve
fr a n c h se
l w a t o l d t h a t it s sec s y w h i c h w a s a b h o rre n t t o m y n a t u re w a s o n l y t o c o n
t in u e u n t i l t h e p a rt y g e t f i r l y u n d e r w ay w h e n ev e r y t h i n g w o u l d b e m d e o p e n a n d p u b l i c
D e c e i ved b y m n i n w h o m I h a d e v e r y c o n fid e n c e I t h o ug h t i t t o be m y d a t y t o j o i n t h i s n e w
D n o t be d e c e i v e d —l d i d n o t g et
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T h e fi r s t q u est i o n s t h a t w ere p r o p o u n d e d t o m e a st o n i s h ed a n d s t a rt l ed m e T h e y w ere
in
in s b a ce t h ese ; I d o n o t p rete n d t o q u o te t h e ver y w o r d s : W h re w a s l b o r n ? T h e p a ce
o f m y r e i d e n c e ? W I t w e t y o n e y e a r s o f g ? W I a Ro m a n C a t h o l i c ? W e re m y
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P
a n C at h o l i c ?
W i fe a R
W
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p
l fo re i g n e rs a n d tt o m n C a t h ol i c ?
088 o f h o n o r t r u st o r p r o fi t i n t h e g i ft o i t h e p e o p l e
I d e c l a re t o y o u u p o n m y h o o r a d n t h e
Fe l l o w c t z s I a m n o t te l l i n g y o u u n t r u t h s
p r ese n c e o f G t l t h a t I be l i e v e t h ese t o b s u b t a n t i a l l y t h e q u e s t i o n s w h i c h w e re p r o po s e d t d
m e ; a n d I a p p e a l t o t h o se m e m b e rs o f t h e a c a l l ed A m er i ca n pa rt y w h o m a y be p re s e n t t o
an s w e r w h e t h e r I h a ve n ot s t a ted t r u l y t h e o b l i ga t i o n s u n d e r w h i c h t h e y p l a c e d t h e m se l es i n
w h a te ver m a y n o w b e t h e d o c tr i n es o f t h i p t y w h i c h I d o n o t p re
t h e e a rl y pa r t o f
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S h o c k e d a n d S t a t le d l r q u e s te d t h e p r e s i d i n g o tii r t o e a d a ga i n t h e o b l i g a t i o n
I t w a s d o n e , a n d a n a t te p t m ad e t o e x p l a i n a w a y t h fo r c e
a g a i n s t f re g e r s a n d C a t h o l i c s
o f t h e c l e a r m e a n i n g o f t h e w o rd s 0 ' t h e o b l i g i o n I b s r e d t h a t I h a d b e n m s t a k e n a n d
de c e i e d a s t o t h e p u r p o ses f t h e pa r t y o r m y s h a d o w w o u l d n ev r h a e d a r k e n ed t h e i r d oo r
I t o o k m y h a t a n d w i s h ed t h m g o o d m o r n i n g
F l l w c it z e s t h e r e w a s o n c e i t h e m i d d l e ag s a p o l i t ca l s o c i e t y i n Eu r o p e , a n d es p e
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ca m e pa r t i a l l y o r fu l l y i i t i a t ed a n d a ft e r w a r d d is c l o s e d a n y o f i se c re ts t w o a lte r a t tv es
c o r d a n d a d agg e r W e r e se c re t l y p l ac ed b y h i be d s i d e
w er e o ffe d t t h e w re t c h e d v i t i m
l f r p u t h i m s l f t o d e a t h w it h t h e d g e r ; i f h e c h a s e n e t h er
a n d h e m i g h t e i t h e r h a n g h im
o f t h e d l g h t t u l a l ter n t i ve s h i s n e a re s t r e l a t io e ve n h i s o w n b O t h e r if a m e m be r o f t h e
In
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s age s i n ce l ette rs a n d th e p res s a re c o m e ab o u t t h e co r d a n d th e d a gge r are n o l o n e
used a ve n al p res s affo rd s a far m o re p o t n t w ap o n a n d m o re v in d i ct i ve pu n s h m e n t fi;
fal se h oo d b y cal m n y b y l i bel n d d etr c t i on n o t o n l y m ay t h e h ear t o f t h e v ic t i m h imse l f
b e t o r n i n p i eces bu t t h e feel i n gs of h i s W i fe h i s m O Ih r h i s c h i ld re n o f h i s w h o le fa m i l y a r e
F e l l o w c i t i ze n s s u ch per secu t ion I m yse l f h a v e
r eached a n d l acera t ed fo r ve n gea n ce sa k e
u n d erg o n e a n d y o u k no w i t
I c o u ld n t rec o n c i le it t o m y c on sc i e n ce t o bec o m e a K n o w n o th i n g b e e u se l bel i eved t h e
p r i n c i pl es of t h e par t y t o be a n t ag o n i s t i c t o c i v i l a n d re l i g io u s l iber t y a n d d a n ger o u s t o o u r
Am er ica n s on l y s h a l l ru le A m er i
T h r o w m g o u t a ba n n er i n scr i b ed
r ep u b l ic n i n s t i t u t ion s
ca th ey a p p eared t o m e l i k e t h e v e i led P r o p h et o f K h o rassa n w h o c on ce a l i n g h is h o rr ibl e
v isage be h in d a sil ver va i l erected s h r in es
W h ere fa i t h m ay m u tte r o er h er m yst i c spe l l s
W ri t t e n i n b l oo d a n d B i g o try may s w e ll
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I k n e w it s p r in c i p l es t o be t r ue ; s o m e o f it s
t h o ugh ts back t o t h e o l d par ty of m y fa t h er
p rac t i c e s h a d b e e n bad ; b u t I b e l i eved it s p r i n c i p l es o n c tru e th ey m u t a l w ay s b e s o fo r
t ru t h ca n n o t d ie T h ey t o l d me t ha t t h par t y w as d e ad bu t I b el i eved it w as on ly aft er d eat h
t h at th e r e su rrect i on c o u l d c o m e I n c o n cer t w i th s o m e o f m y W h i g b re t h re n W e d e t erm in e d t o
str iv e f er i ts resu rrect i on T h ere w a n o m e e t i n g cal l i n g i t e l f t
in a l l m y re g i on o f c o u n
Th ere w a n o c o n ve n t io n t w h ich I w as n o t pre e n t Eve ry effo r t
t r y w h i h I d id n o t a t t e n d
t o r e u it t e t h e o ld pa ty w h i ch c o u l d b e m a d e w as m ad e T h e resu l t w as t h C o n v e n t io n a t
I t w as t h e n res o l ved t o be in e x p ed i e n t t o p rese n t W h i g a n d i
L o u i sv i l l e on t h e 3 d o f J u l y
d ates fo r t h e h i gh es t o ffices fo r th e suff ges o f t h e pe o pl e ; a n d it w as e t m in e d t h a t h a v i n g
asser t ed o u r o l d p r i n c i p l es i t w as pr o per t h at e ac h i n d i v id ua l sh o u l d be l e ft free t o m a k e h is
o w n ch o ice acc o rd i n g t o h i s o w n c on sc i e n c e a n d h i s o w n p r i n c i p les fo r t h e g o o d of h i s c o u n tr y
F e l l o w cit i ze n s I h ave fo l l o w ed th e W h i g st a n da d s o l o n g as i t flu tt e re d in th e b re e ze I
w o u ld h ave fo l l o w ed i t a l w ays a n d I a l w ays e x p e ct t o ma i n t a i n W hi g pr i n c i p l es
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w h o le ba t t l e fi el d b u t I fi n d n o W h i g b a n n e r u n d r w h i c h t o fi g h t ”
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th er e w s grea t d a n ger fr o m t h e q ues t ion o f sla v ery Fo r t h e p u rp o se o f p u tt i n g i t t re s t t h e
a o cal le d M iss o ur i C o m pr o m i se w a s m ad e b u t i t d i d n o t se t t le th e q u es t i on
A ga i n i n l 8 4 9 50
i t r a i s ed i t s h o rr i d fr on t
Fo rt u n a t ely fo r t h e c o u n tr y a t t h a t t im e t h ere w ere t h e n a t W a s h in g
t o n m e n o f a g i a n t race w h o c o u l d see a n d a p p rec i t e t h e d a n ge r a n d w a r n t h e c o u n t ry of it
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th e b raves t tre mb l ed fo r t h e U n i o n ? D o y o u n 0 t rem e m b e r w i t h w h at a n x i e t y a l l eyes w ere
t ur n ed t o W as h i n gt on — w i th w h a t tre m b l i n g eag r n e s y o u l i ste n ed fo r every scrap o f n e w s ?
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ta i l Have y o u fo rg o tt e n t h e rej o ic i n gs t h r o ugh o u t t h e w h o l e la n d ? H o w h e be l ls ru n g a n d
th e gl ad sh o u t s w e n t u p t o Heav e n i n g ra t i tud e th a t th e i r c o u n try w as sa fe ? H o w va in a n d
h o w fu i le w ere t h e h o pes o f t h e b es a n d w isest o f m e n
S carcel y are s o m e o f t h e pr i n c i a I
ac t o rs i n t h o se n o b l e sce n es c o l d i n t h e i r gra v es w h e n ag in t h e b l ack cl o u d u p on u s
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c o u n t ry is i n d a n ger T h e B lack R ep u b l i ca n s o f th e N o r t h d e t erm in e d t o c a rry o u t t h e ir de
s i g n s a g a i n st t h e S u t h a t al l h a zar d s a n d a t every r i sk h a v e n o m i n a t ed p u rel y sec t i o n a l ca n
d id a t e s fo r t h e P res i de n cy a n d V i ce P res i d e n cy
N o r t h aga i n s t So u t h — u n i n o r d i ss o l u t io n
th i s i s t h e q ues t i on n o w b fo r e y o u a n d y o u a n n o t av o i d i t I t is n o t I al on e w h o t el l s y o u s o
A m er i ca n s a s y o u ch oo se t o C al l y o u rsel ves o l d l i n e W h i gs it is M r F i l l m o re als o w h o te l ls
y o u s o Hear w h a t h e says in h is Al ba n y speech rece n tl y d e l i v ere d —a speech s o patr io tic
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i s m o t t ru e fo r if th e re b e on e o bj ec t d ear e t o m e th a n a n y o th er i t i s t h e u n i t y
p r o spe n t y
a n d gl o ry of t h i s grea t Rep u b l i c ; a n d I c on fess fr a n k l y s i r th at I fear i t i s i n d a n ger 1 sa y
n o t h i n g of a n y par t icul a r S ct i on m u ch l es s o f t h e se v era l ca n d id a t es befo re t h e pe o p l e I
B u t s i r w h at d o w e see ? An e x as perated feel i n g b e
presu m e th ey are a l l h on o r a b le m e n
t w e n t h e N o r t h a n d S o u t h o n t h e m o st e x c i t i n g o f a ll t o p ics resu l tin g in b l oo d sh e d a n d o r
ga n iz e d m i l i t ry array
B u t th i s is n o t a l l s i r W e see a pol it i ca l p a rty p re se n ti n g ca n d id a t es fo r th e P res id e n cy
a n d V i ce Pres i d e n cy se l ec t ed fo r t h e fi rs t t i m e fr o m t h e free S t a t es a l o n w it h t h e av o w e d p u r
p o se o f elec t i n g t h o e c a n d i da t es by th e su ffra g es o f O e part o f t he U n i o n O n l y t o ru le O ver
th e w h o le of th e U n i t ed S at e s C n it be p o ss i b l e t h at t h o s e w h o a re e n g a g ed 1" S uch {1 m e a
su re c o u l d ha e ser i o usl y r fl ec t ed u p on t h e c o n e q ue n ces w h i ch m u t i n e v i tab l y fo l l o w i case
o f s u cc e s ?
[C h e e r s ] C a n t h ey h ave t h e m ad n ess o r fo l l y t o bel i v e t h a t u r S o u t h er n
b r e t h e wo u l d sub m i t t b e g o ver n ed by s u c h a C h ief M a g i s t rate ? [ C h e s ] W o u l d h e be
req u i r ed t o fo l l ow th e ru le p r e scr i bed by t h o se w h elec t ed h i m i n m a k i n g h i s a ppo m t m en t s ?
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d e n t w o u l d ii be p r o per t o se l t ct o n e fr o m t h e sam e q u arte r as o n e o f h i s C b i n et C o u n ci l o r
t o r ep re e n t th e n a t io n i n a fo re i g n c o u n try ? o r i n d eed t o c o l lect th e reve n u e o r a d m i n i s t e r
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a w s o f t h e U n ite d S ta tes ? If n o t w h at n e w ru l e i s th e P res i de n t t o a de pt i n sel ectin g m en
fo r o ffi ce ?
T h e se are ser i o u
b u t pr a ct ic l q u est ion a n d i n o rde r t o a p e cia t e t h m fu l l y i t i s on l y
n eces a ry t o t u r n th e t ab l s u p o n u se l v s S u pp o se that th e S o u t h h m g a m j r it v of t h e
e l ect o ra l o t e s h o u l d d e clare th a t tb a v w o u l d o n l y h a v e sla v eh o l d e r f P res i d e n t a d V i ce
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T r me n d o u s c h ee r i n g ]
t hei r r i g h ts ?
I f y u d o l e t m e tel l y o u t h a t y u a e m i stak e n
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A n d t h e re fo re y o u m ust c t h t i f th i s e ct i on a l p rty su cceed i t l e a d s i e it l l v t o th e d c
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a n d n u m b er t o th e So u t h
[ h o u l d d e i se m y sel f if I co u l d be g u i l t y o f u c h e vas i o n
I b e iie e v e r y w o rd th at M r F i l l m o re a s J13 s r el y a s t he su n sh i n s t h e c u t r y is in
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da n g er
i t i pers on a l l y I p r e fer
1 8 50 I sh o u l d refe r h i m t o n y m a n fo r th e pre i d n cy
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h i m t o e i t h e r o f t h e o t h er ca n d i da t e s Bt i t f l l o w c i t i z e n s th ere i n o l i v i n g m a n w h o m I l o ve
s o w el l a s [ d o t h a t g rea t u n i o n o f S t a tes — m y c o u n tr y —fo r w h i c h m y fa t h er g v e h is l i fe
M r F il l m o re h a g i ve n u s g oo d ad v i ce —
ac c o rds w i t h m y o w n j u d g m e n t h e
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te l l s u s th at th e U n i o n i i n i m m i n n t d a n g e r ; h e l e d s u s t o b el i e v e t h a t t h pr o b ab i l i t i s are
t h at i f M r F em o n t i el e c t e d t h e U ni on w i l l b e d i ss o l ved a n d n o : i n t o t w o p a r t s b u t sh i vere d
in t o fra g m e n t ! O l d l i n W h i g
w ha t i s u d u ty ? I t l i es w i t h u s t sa v e t h e U n io n T h e
ca n d i dates o f th e B lac k Re p u b l i ca n party m us t b e d e fe a te d el e as M F i l l m o r e te l l s U —as
w e h a v e bee n t o l d b y th e gre a test s t atesme n s i n ce 1 820 th e U n i on i s i n d i re a n d im n i e n t
per il F o r m e I a m fo r th e pre ervat i o n o f t h U n ion D e s t r o y a l l th e par t i es n o w i n ex i s t
save t h e U n i o n I h a v e n o fa i t h in
e n ce b u t fo r G o d s s a k e—fo r t h e ak e o f h u m a n l i b erty —
th e s i n ce r i ty of t hat ma n w h o w i t h h i s m o u t h fu l l o f p ro e st t ‘ o f l o ve fo r h i s C o u n try a n d
fo r th e m e m o r v o f m y d ead fa t h er c a n n o t lay h i pers on a l p rej u d i ces a n d p red i l ect i on s u p o n
t h e a lta r a w i l l i n g sacr i fi ce fo r th e s a l v at i o n o f h i s c o u n t ry
H o w a e e t o d e feat F re m on t ? W e ca n n o t el ec t b o t h h i s o p p o n e n ts N i t h e r o f t h em
n e it h er M r Fi l l m o re n o r M r
B u c h a n a n i p r se n t e d fo r t h e s u f ra g e o f t h e Ol d l i n e W h i gs
T h e re are p r i n c i pl es a v o w ed a n d m a i n t a i n ed b y b t h th e par t i es
u p on a p u re W h i g pl at fo rm
o f w h i ch th ey are r e p rese i t t iv e w h i c h w e d o n t a p pr o v e I t i s n ec e s a r y fo r s t o ch oo se
bet w ee n th e m w h i ch ever i s m o s t ] ke y t o d efea t t h e B l ac k Repu b l i ca n c a n d i d a t e ; a n d in ma k i n g
th e ch oi ce i t i s n o t n ece ssary fo r u t e n d o rse o r t o iv e i n o u r a d h es i o n t o t h e p n cipl e ~ wh i c h
e i t h er re pres e n t I bel i e v e th a t t h e U n i on w o u l d be s a fe w i th e i t h e r a n d i t i o u r d u ty t o ave
t h e U r ion i f w e c n T h e q u es t i o n fo r u s i r s o l v e d i n t o a m e r e q u e t i on f h ces w h i c h
is t h e m o s t l i k e l y t o succee d a c o d in g t o o u r b ea t l i gh t M
F i l l m o re o r M r B u c h a n a n ?
F el l o w c i t i ze n s l h ave m ad e m y c h o i ce L oo k i n g o v e r t h e w h o l e co u t v n o t c fi in g m y
v ie w t o m y o w n S t i te o r t o m y o w l o ca l i ty—n o t sud? r t in g m ysel f t b e i n flu e n c e d b y t isn n
j o u r n a l s o par t i sa n o rat o rs I m d el i b e ra t e l y c on v i n c e d t ha t M r F i l l m o re h a s n o t t h e l eas t
cha n ce of su cc e ss a n d t h at if i t b at a l l p o s i b l e t o d e feat F r m o n t t h e D m o cra t i c pa rt y w i t h
i g Old l i n e W h i g s
t h e l r ca n d id t s Bu ch a n a n a n d B r e ck i n r i d g e w i t h t h e a i d of t h e U n i n l
is th e o n l y p a r t y w h i ch h as t h e leas t C h a
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ta i n fo r F i l l m o re a n d I w i l l sh 0 w y o u t wo fo r B u ch n a n I h o l d i n m y h a n d u th e n t i c resu l ts
o f th e l S t e lect i on s fr o m w h i ch al o n e w e ca n fo r m re l i ab l e C o n cl u s i o n s F ro m t h e se i t a p p ears
t h a t w h i l e t w el v e of th e s o u t h e r n S u i tes are al m o s t ce rta i n fo r B u c ha n a n M r Fi l l m o r e has a t
th e b est b u t d o u btfu l ch a n e s fo r t h e r e m a i n i n g th ree T h us M r B u cha n a n pre e n ts h i mse l f
w i th a l m o st t h e w h o l e S o u t h in so l i d p h a l a n x At t h e N o rth h i s c o u n t o f S ta t es i s t o t h e fu l l
as g oo d a n d i n m y O p i n i on m uch b e tt er th a n M r F i l l m o re s ; bes i d es w e W h i g s k n o w w e l l
a n d t o o u r c o st t h e w o n d erfu l t n ac i t y o f t h e D em o cra t i c p ar t y h o w it h as h e l d t o ge th er a n d
h a d s u cce s w h e n w e m o s t : n fi d t l y e x p e c t ed i t s d e feat
I k n o w fel l o w W h i gs h o w d ifii cu l t i t i s fo r y o u t o get r i d o f o l d p rej ud i ces e i t h er o f a t
trac t ion o r of re p u l s i on I h ave n o t fo r g o tte n h o w eve r th a t u p on a q u es t i o n o f m e re a v a i l e
t h r o u g h t h e i r d e l g ate s a t P h i l a d el ph i a i n 18 48 t o
b i l it y th e W h i gs o f Ke n t u ck y w ere ab l
g i ve th e i r i d o l —t h e m a n w h o m t hey l o v ed a n d w h o l o v ed th e m a n d w h o h as d on e o m u c h
f o r th e h o n o r o f Ke n tuck y t ha t w h e n e v e r Ke n t u ck y s n ame w a s m e n t i o n ed a t h o m e o r
ab r o ad h i s n a m e at on ce ar o s e b e fo r e th e m i n d e y e a d w h e n eve r h i s n a m e w a m e n i o n e d
K e n t u ck y a pp e a red
F e l l o w W h i g s d o y o u l o ve M r Fi l l m o re s o m uch b e t t e r th a n y o u d id
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y o u i d fo r t h e O t h e r u ) o n m u ch l ess o ccas i o n ?
B u t fel l o w c i t i ze n s l a m o ft e n as k e d h o w i t i s p o ss i b le th at I m y fa t h e r s s o n ca n r e c o n
cil e i t t o m y se f t o v o t e fo r M B u ch a n a n w h o t h ey sa y h ad s o e r i o u ly i n j u red a n d w r o n ge d
m y fa t h er b y o r i g i n a t i n g o r i f n o t O r i g i n at i n g b y b i n g co m pl i a t e l w i t h a n d m i x ed u p i n
s o m e w ay o r O t h e r w i t h th a t v i l e o l d c h arge o f barga i n n d i n t r i gu e be t wi x t h i m a n d Vl r
A d ams I n n i n e cases o u t o f te n t h e pers on s w h o in my p rese n ce refer t o th at affa i r k no w a bso
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AppendixEFunctionalClass.pdf

rt 22 2 srt 22 2 ni 1 76 si 1 76 nn ew ho ll an drdmorgantownrdwe ls

2015 KFCG Projects

Voter Precinct Map

zoninglegend - City of Deming

Centers, Corridors, and Wedges Definition Project Proposed

Introduction - David Lavery

AVAILABLE FOR SALE OR LEASE Showroom / Warehouse

ArcView Print Job - Westchester County GIS

Triangle route map may16