Name ____________________ Period _____ # _____Parent Signature (EC) _____________
LESSON PACKET – Westward Expansion
7th Social Studies
DUE DATE:______________
Essential Question: Why did people move ________________?
Answer the following using the reading above:
1. In which direction did Americans generally move and settle? _____________________________
a. UNDERLINE the sentence explaining how Jefferson doubled the size of the United States territory.
b. Agree / Disagree – Americans saw the limit of their expansion as the Rocky Mountains.
2. _____What best describes how Americans behaved toward Mexican territory.
a. All land was negotiated for with equal payment and traded for other land
b. Manifest Destiny led Americans to believe that even though land belonged to others they would take
it anyway.
c. They stayed away from it because it belonged to someone else
3. Where was gold discovered in 1848? _______________
-_____ What best describes a 49’er?
a. A Mexican searching for gold in Texas
c. A person who left California to get rich
b. A religious person trying to find peace
d. Americans who went to Calf. in1849 to become rich
4. By the 1850’s the U.S. controlled all the land from the __ __ L __ __ __ __ C to the
__ A __ __ F __ __ , finishing the goal of __ A __ __ F __ __ __ __ E __ __ __ __ Y
5. Name the 5 Territories added to the U.S. in the above reading:
____________________________________________________________
Vocabulary: 2pts. Each
Adams-Onis Treaty (pg. 209)The Alamo (p.352)Mountain Men (p. 346)Annexation Treaty of Guadalupe-Hildago* (p. 361)John C. Fremont (p. 358)Bear Flag Republic (p. 358)Donner Party (p. 365)Forty-Niners (p. 365)Mormon Trail ( p. 349)-
Main Ideas/Big Ideas- 15pts.
Main Ideas Pg. 346
Main Ideas Pg. 350
Main Ideas Pg. 354
1.
1.
1.
2.
2.
2.
3.
Main Ideas Pg. 364
1.
Big Idea Pg. 364
2.
Mapping Objectives: Be able to locate the following political and geographical areas on a map.
Political:
Geographic
-Territory gained after Revolutionary War -Mexican Cession
-Appalachian Mts.
-Great Plains
-Original 13 States -Northwest Territory
-Mississippi R.
-Great Salt Lake
-Louisiana Purchase -Texas
-Oregon Territory
-Missouri R.
-Humboldt R.
-California
-Oregon Territory
-Florida
-Rocky Mts.
-Sierra NV Mts.
Westward Expansion - Lesson Packet
Happened First:
List 3 things or men
that happened or did
something first:
1.
2.
3.
List things that
‘PULLED’ people
West . . . .
List things that
‘PUSHED’ people
West . . . .
OBJ #1: Manifest Destiny
A. Where we going????
1. __________________________
a. Early explorers head into new territory(Louisiana)
b. Trap Beaver (popular hats in Europe)
*Send stories and goods back to states
2. Exploration
a. John C. Freemont – Explores actual travel
routes from Missouri to Calif.
**Wife writes stories about trail and Calif.
b. John Ogden- Sees _____________________
c. Joseph Walker- 1st to cross _____________
Desert & finds Humboldt River
B. ______________________________ Destiny
1. 1840’s – Belief that the U.S. and it’s people had the right
to “colonize” & use all territory from
_________________ to __________________.
*John Quincy Adams- “It’s inevitable . . . as that the
Mississippi flows to the sea.”
*John O’Sullivan- It’s America’s Manifest Destiny to
overspread and possess the whole
of the continent which Providence
has given us.”
Problems: Who Owns it??
How to get it????
People Already there???
Reasons we need it???
1. T) Describe Manifest Destiny*. A) What direction did the U.S. generally grow in? B) Name three
explorers that traveled the west and brought back stories of ‘open’ land. C) Who did Americans believe gave
them the right to get the land? D) Describe improvements in the east that made using western lands easier and
profitable. E) Explain events seen in the ‘Manifest Destiny’ picture.
(U.S. Ch. 11 pgs. ( 354-355) 346-371 & A.J. Ch. 12 pgs. 359-360)
C. Moving West
1. Industrial Revolution
**Creation of a factory system and use of mechanical tools to
improve life and production
Ex. Cotton Gin by Eli Whitney (1793)
Textile Mills by Francis Lowell (1814)
Steam Boat by Fulton (1807)
2. Moving West (Mid-West)
a. Roads / Rivers / Canals
-________________(Turnpikes) allow for easier travel
-________________, easiest but not always where you want
Industrial->
-________________, Connect cities and major waterways
**Erie Canal- Buffalo to NY (by Hudson R.)
-Railroads, brand new (1832 NY & Erie RR)
3. Result = More Land to Use
*Americans move further west along new transportation routes.
(Connection to Civ.)
‘MANIFEST DESTINY’ by John Ghast
Describe the scenery, people, objects and ‘mood’ of the picture when seeing only the following sections
Left:
Middle:
Right:
Westward Expansion - Lesson Packet
What land had
Native Americans
lost by this time
period already?
______________
______________
Rename the ‘Trail
of Tears’
________________
________________
“Our ancestors
found them the
uncontrolled
possessors of these
vast regions.”
Who is quoted
above?
_______________
Who is he talking
about?
_______________
Who are ‘our
ancestors’
_______________
_____________
OBJ #2: Native Americans
A. Native Americans (East of Mississippi)
1. Lands Lost Before Independence
a. _____________& _______/ Coastal Colonial Areas
b. Settlement after French & Indian War
(Appalachian)
2. Land loss after Revolution
a. Settlers constantly pushing to
Mississippi River Area
b. Lewis and Clark tell of UNUSED land
**Many from trip become Mountain men and
live, marry and become parts of tribes
(Mainly west though)
B. _________________________
1. Indian Removal Act of 1832
a. Congress allowed President Jackson to buy land
from tribes to move to Indian Territory
(Land West of Mississippi River unlike native land)
2. __________________ Refuse
a. Cherokee sue in Supreme Court to stop removal
(Jackson ignores order)
b. 1835- some Cherokee sign treaty but most of 17,000 do
not agree and will not accept it
c. Many Cherokee had begun living lives like Southern
whites (including some slave owning)
3. Forced Out
a. Jackson Uses Military – Sends 7,000 troops in to
force b. Many die during summer boat trip &
thousands die during winter march
4. Fighting Back
a. 1810 Tecumseh (Indiana) / 1832 Black Hawk (Ill.)
2. T) Explain the impact of Western Expansion on Native Americans. A) What was the TRAIL of TEARS*?
B) What president was most responsible for this treatment? C) How had Lewis & Clark described Native American
land? D) What are Native Americans doing in the ‘Manifest Destiny Picture’?
(U.S. Ch. 10 pgs. 332-337 & A.J. Ch. 11 pgs. 342-347)
U.S. Pg. 336 & 337
**List the Tribes forced to Move
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
List the 6 States they were removed from
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What modern state were they all forced to move to??? : ____________________
First Annual Message to Congress (1829)
Andrew Jackson
It has long been the policy of Government to introduce among them the arts of
civilization, in the hope of gradually reclaiming them from a wandering life. This
policy has, however, been coupled with another wholly incompatible with its success.
Professing a desire to civilize and settle them, we have at the same time lost no
opportunity to purchase their lands and thrust them farther into the wilderness. By
this means they have not only been kept in a wandering state, but been led to look
upon us as unjust and indifferent to their fate.... A portion, however, of the Southern
tribes, having mingled much with the whites and made some progress in the arts of
civilized life, have lately attempted to erect an independent government within the
limits of Georgia and Alabama. These States, claiming to be the only sovereigns within
their territories, extended their laws over the Indians, which induced the latter to call
upon the United States for protection....
I informed the Indians inhabiting parts of Georgia and Alabama that their attempt to
establish an independent government would not be countenanced by the Executive of
the United States, and advised them to emigrate beyond the Mississippi or submit to
the laws of those States....
Our ancestors found them the uncontrolled possessors of these vast regions. By
persuasion and force they have been made to retire from river to river and from
mountain to mountain, until some of the tribes have become extinct and others have
left but remnants to preserve for a while their once terrible name. Surrounded by the
whites with their arts of civilization, which by destroying the resources of the savage
doom him to weakness and decay, the fate of the Mohegan, the Narragansett, and the
Delaware is fast overtaking the Choctaw, the Cherokee, and the Creek. That this fate
surely awaits them if they remain within the limits of the States does not admit of a
doubt. Humanity and national honor demand that every effort should be made to avert
so great a calamity....
Westward Expansion - Lesson Packet
OBJ #3: Texas & the Mexican American War
Texas won its
freedom from
______________
and became an
independent
______________
before joining the
______________
as a new state.
List 7 states that
have territory
that was part of
the Mexican
Cession
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
A. TEXAS Republic
1. Americans settle in Texas
a. Belongs to new country- __________ (Free from Spain)
b. Mexico wants more Spanish speakers
**Limited Americans (Texans Upset)
2. Battle for Independence
a. Mexico won early (More troops)
Ex. Alamo
b. Texans Start winning- Capture Santa Anna
(Dictator)
c. Often Bloody battles / Mexicans execute Texans
d. 1836-> TEXAS ____________________
(Independent Republic)
3. Becoming a State
a. Slow Early – North doesn’t like slavery
b. Finally Annexed- 1845
B. Mexican American War
1. Troubles Begin
a. Mexico starts to welcome Americans into its
territories (New Mexico & California)
b. U.S. Annexes Texas (Upset Mexico)
What is a synonym
for ‘Annexed’:
_______________
________________
3. T) Explain the events that led Texas and the Mexican Cession to become U.S. territory. A) What was
Texas before it became a state? B) What issue kept Texas from becoming a state earlier? C) Who started the Mexican
American War? D) What advantages did the U.S. have? E) Describe the results of the war and how much territory the
U.S. gained.
(U.S. Ch. 11 pgs. ( 354-355) 346-371 & A.J. Ch. 12 pgs. 359-360)
Name 3 ‘Federalist’
2. War Fever?
a. For & Against!!! (___________________________ – For)
b. Many Americans very opposed (Why?- ____________________________)
3. Fighting in Mexico & California
a. U.S. attacks Mexico at Home (Mexico City)
b. U.S. Wins Easily!* (Has Factories, Organized Army & Navy)
4. Treaty of ________________________________
a. Mexico cedes (gives) California & all of Southwest to USA
(____________________________________________________________)
Westward Expansion - Lesson Packet
OBJ #4: Oregon & California
Why did people go to
Oregon: _______
______________
California: _____
______________
What ‘Trail’ went
thru Nevada
____________
Draw a Symbol for
‘Conestoga Wagon’
In What 2 years did
the most pioneers go
to Oregon?
________
________
What was the Nickname for people who
went to Calif. For
gold?
A. Oregon
1. Oregon Trail – _______________’s
a. Many hear how lush and great ______________
Oregon has in the Willamette Valley.
b. Trail- Crosses the plains through the South
Pass (Rockies) up through Snake river
(Idaho) and follows Columbia River to coast.
2. British / U.S. Competition!!
a. Both U.S. and Britain claim territory
b. U.S. adds 5,000 more people & British don’t
c. 1846 agreement to set border at the 49th
Parallel (Current Border with Canada)
B. The ______________________ TRAIL
1. Calf. & Oregon Trail the same until near
Utah/Idaho
a. Starts in St. Louis or Iowa
1. Some have already traveled from East Coast
b. Begin in Early or Late Spring
1. Start too Early . . TOO COLD at start
2. Start too Late . . . TOO COLD at End
2. Wagon Trains
a. From 10 to 50 wagons go together
1. More help if something goes wrong
b. Cost about $600 per family (of 4)
1. Food, Animals, Supplies
c. You WALK mostly
(let animals only pull supplies)
______________
4. T) Elaborate on the reasons why and how people migrated to Oregon and California. A) Describe the 1st
reasons why people went to both California & Oregon. B) What changed reasons for migration to California
in 1849? C) Describe the California/Oregon) Trail* and difficulties of those routes west. D) Explain one
other way to get to the west without going overland. E) How did people going to California affect Nevada?
F) Name one other group that headed west for religious reasons.
(U.S. Ch. 11 pgs.346-349, 364-369 & A.J. Ch. 12 pgs. 355-379)
3. __________________ worth of DANGER
a. Native Americans not happy with settlers
b. Weather Heat, Storms, Cold . . Nowhere to hide!
c. Lack of Civilization (No Rules???)
4. TAKES __________________!!!!
5. 5,000 people are in Oregon by 1845
.....One of the wagons used by American pioneers, was invented by the
Pennsylvania Dutch and called the CONESTOGA WAGON. The wagon was
named for the Conestoga Valley in Pennsylvania, where it was first built
during the early 1700's. Conestoga wagons carried most of the freight and
people that moved westward over the Allegheny Mountains from the 1770's
until about 1850. These wagons were sometimes called the camels of the
prairies. Both ends of the wagon were built higher than the middle. A high,
rounded, white canvas roof could be put on the vehicle, making it a covered
wagon. Wheels with broad rims prevented bogging down in mud. The wheels
could be removed and the wagon could be used as a boat. Conestoga wagons
were drawn by teams of from four to six horses.
C. __________________________
1. California Culture- Large “Spanish Style” farms called
Ranchos run by Rancheros
a. Not really big fans of Mexican Government
b. Immigrants move in after stories from Freemont
2. Won with War
a. Bear Flag Republic- Freemont captures N. CA. and
declares Independent Republic (Too Soon)
b. California won with Mexican Am. War
3. _________________________!! - 1848/49 (____’ers)
a. Gold found at Sutter’s Mill 1848
b. ______________________ people come between 1848-1849
-By: Sea (Around S.A.)
-Land over trails
c. Boomtowns: No Government / Rough & Rowdy
4. Becoming a State: 1850
a. Banned Slavery: Created trouble in Congress!
b. Treat Rancheros Poorly an Take their land even though
most helped the U.S. in the war(Ex. Gov. Vallejo)
D. ____________________ (Latter Day Saints)
1. Brigham Young moves group to Utah (1846)
a. Avoid Religious Persecution after leader killed in Ill.
2. Settle in most of Western Mountains (Idaho, Utah, ________)