40/100 Gigabit Ethernet Overview

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40/100GigabitEthernetOverview
TheIEEE802.3workinggroupisconcernedwiththemaintenanceandextensionoftheEthernet
datacommunicationsstandard. Thespeedschosenby802.3bawere40and100Gbit/stosupportbothend-pointandlink
aggregationneeds.ThiswasthefirsttimetwodifferentEthernetspeedswerespecifiedinasingle
standard.Thedecisiontoincludebothspeedscamefrompressuretosupportthe40Gbit/srateforlocal
serverapplicationsandthe100Gbit/srateforinternetbackbones.ThestandardwasannouncedinJuly
2007andwasratifiedonJune17,2010.
The40/100GigabitEthernetstandardsencompassanumberofdifferentEthernetphysicallayer
(PHY)specifications.AnetworkingdevicemaysupportdifferentPHYtypesbymeansofpluggable
modules.Opticalmodulesarenotstandardizedbyanyofficialstandardsbodybutareinmulti-source
agreements(MSAs).Oneagreementthatsupports40and100GigabitEthernetistheCForm-factor
Pluggable(CFP)MSAwhichwasadoptedfordistancesof100+meters.QSFPandCXPconnectormodules
supportshorterdistances.
Thestandardsupportsonlyfull-duplexoperation.Otherelectricalobjectivesinclude:
l
Preservethe802.3/Ethernetframeformatutilizingthe802.3MAC
l
PreserveminimumandmaximumFrameSizeofcurrent802.3standard
l
Supportabiterrorrate(BER)betterthanorequalto10−12attheMAC/PLSserviceinterface
l
ProvideappropriatesupportforOTN
l
SupportMACdataratesof40and100Gbit/s
l
Providephysicallayerspecifications(PHY)foroperationoversingle-modeopticalfiber(SMF),
laseroptimizedmulti-modeopticalfiber(MMF)OM3andOM4,coppercableassembly,and
backplane.
Thefollowingnomenclatureisusedforthephysicallayers:
Physicallayer
40GigabitEthernet
100GigabitEthernet
Backplane
100GBASE-KP4
ImprovedBackplane
40GBASE-KR4
100GBASE-KR4
7movertwinaxcoppercable
40GBASE-CR4
30mover"Cat.8"twistedpair
40GBASE-T
100GBASE-CR10
100GBASE-CR4
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100moverOM3MMF
125moverOM4MMF
40GBASE-SR4
100GBASE-SR10
100GBASE-SR4
2kmoverSMF,serial
40GBASE-FR
100GBASE-CWDM4
10kmoverSMF
40GBASE-LR4
100GBASE-LR4
40kmoverSMF
40GBASE-ER4
100GBASE-ER4
The100mlaseroptimizedmulti-modefiber(OM3)objectivewasmetbyparallelribboncablewith
850nmwavelength10GBASE-SRlikeoptics(40GBASE-SR4and100GBASE-SR10).Thebackplane
objectivewith4lanesof10GBASE-KRtypePHYs(40GBASE-KR4).Thecoppercableobjectiveismetwith
4or10differentiallanesusingSFF-8642andSFF-8436connectors.The10and40km100Gbit/s
objectiveswithfourwavelengths(around1310nm)of25Gbit/soptics(100GBASE-LR4and100GBASEER4)andthe10km40Gbit/sobjectivewithfourwavelengths(around1310nm)of10Gbit/soptics
(40GBASE-LR4).
Ø
100GPortTypes
Name
100GBASE-CR10
Media
Twin-axcoppercable
100GBASE-CR4
Lanes
Gigabaud
Notes
perlane
CXPconnector,center
10
10.3125
4
25.78125,RS-FEC 10outof12channels
MPO/MTPconnector,
100GBASE-SR10
Multi-modefiber,850nm
100GBASE-SR4
100GBASE-LR4
100GBASE-ER4
100GBASECWDM4
center10outof12
25.78125,RS-FEC Single-modefiber,WDM:
10kmreach
1295.56nm,1300.05nm,
1304.59nm,1309.14nm
Single-modefiber,WDM:
25.78125
30–40kmreach
4
1271nm,1291nm,
2kmreach,multi25.78125,RS-FEC vendornon-IEEE
1311nm,1331nm
4×Single-modefiber
PSM4
1310nm
Single-modefiber,
1546.119nm
Standard
4
1
100GBASE-KR4
100GBASE-KP4
10.3125
channels
4
100GBASE-
100GBASE-ZR
10
500m,multi-vendor
25.78125
non-IEEEStandard
120.579,DP-
80+kmreach,non-
QPSK
IEEEStandard
Copperbackplane
4
25.78125,RS-FEC additionalfourlevel
amplitudemodulation
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Allvariantslistedinthetablesharethe64b/66bPhysicalCodingSublayer,andthemediacountis
givenperdirection(i.e.doublethecountisrequiredtoformalink.)RS-FECreferstotheReed-Solomon
LayerdefinedinClause91,introducedinIEEE802.3bj.DP-QPSKreferstoDualpolarization-quadrature
phaseshiftkeying.
Ø
40Gporttypes
40GBASE-CR4
40GBASE-CR4("copper")isaporttypefortwin-axcoppercable.Its64b/66bPCSisdefinedinIEEE
802.3Clause82anditsPMDinClause85.Itusesfourlanesoftwin-axialcabledeliveringserializeddata
atarateof10.3125Gb/sperlane.
40GBASE-KR4
40GBASE-KR4isaporttypeforbackplanes.Normallybackplanesareboardtraces,suchasMegtron6
orFR4materials.ItsPhysicalCodingSublayer64b/66bPCSisdefinedinIEEE802.3Clause82andits
PhysicalMediumDependentPMDinClause84.Itusesfourlanesofbackplanedeliveringserializeddata
atarateof10.3125Gbit/sperlane.
40GBASE-SR4
40GBASE-SR4("shortrange")isaporttypeformulti-modefiberanduses850nmlasers.ItsPhysical
CodingSublayer64b/66bPCSisdefinedinIEEE802.3Clause82anditsPhysicalMediumDependent
PMDinClause86.Itusesfourlanesofmulti-modefiberdeliveringserializeddataatarateof10.3125
Gbit/sperlane.40GBASE-SR4hasareachof100monOM3and150monOM4.Thereisalongerrange
variant40GBASE-eSR4withareachof300monOM3and400monOM4.Thisextendedreachis
equivalenttothereachof10GBASE-SR.
40GBASE-LR4
40GBASE-LR4("longrange")isaporttypeforsingle-modefiberanduses1300nmlasers.ItsPhysical
CodingSublayer64b/66bPCSisdefinedinIEEE802.3Clause82anditsPhysicalMediumDependent
PMDinClause87.Itusesfourwavelengthsdeliveringserializeddataatarateof10.3125Gbit/sper
wavelength.
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40GBASE-ER4
40GBASE-ER4("extendedrange")isaporttypeforsingle-modefiberbeingdefinedinP802.3bmand
uses1300nmlasers.ItsPhysicalCodingSublayer64b/66bPCSisdefinedinIEEE802.3Clause82andits
PhysicalMediumDependentPMDinClause87.Itusesfourwavelengthsdeliveringserializeddataata
rateof10.3125Gbit/sperwavelength.
40GBASE-FR
40GBASE-FRisaporttypeforsingle-modefiber.ItsPhysicalCodingSublayer64b/66bPCSisdefined
inIEEE802.3Clause82anditsPhysicalMediumDependentPMDinClause89.Ituses1550nmoptics,
hasareachof2kmandiscapableofreceiving1550nmand1310nmwavelengthsoflight.The
capabilitytoreceive1310nmlightallowsittointer-operatewithalongerreach1310nmPHYshould
oneeverbedeveloped.1550nmwaschosenasthewavelengthtransmissiontomakeitcompatiblewith
existingtestequipmentandinfrastructure.
40GBASE-T
40GBASE-Tisaporttypefor4-pairbalancedtwisted-pairCat.8coppercablingdefinedinIEEE
802.3bq.IEEE802.3bq-2016standardwasapprovedbyTheIEEE-SAStandardsBoardonJune30,2016.

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