Facoltà di Scienze Economiche, Giuridiche e Politiche
CdL Economia e Gestione Aziendale
UNIT 2
a.a. 2015/2016
Unit 2
IDONEITÀ LINGUA INGLESE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hcAf0_cDIZ0
What is your name?
This man is Danish. His name is Nils.
What is your name?
This woman is Russian. Her name’s Olga.
What is your name?
This girl’s Indian. Her name is Rashmi.
What is your name?
This boy is Brazilian. His name’s Joaquim.
Grammar 1
This man is Danish. His name is Nils.
This woman is Russian. Her name’s Olga.
This girl’s Indian. Her name is Rashmi.
This boy is Brazilian. His name’s Joaquim.
his = il suo, la sua, i suoi, le sue di lui
her = il suo, la sua, i suoi, le sue di lei
THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE
In inglese l’articolo indeterminativo è uguale per nomi maschili e femminili:
A boy
A girl
a man
a woman
an elephant
consonant
a+
vowel
an +
a hamburger
a + h aspirata (= cons.)
an herb tea
an + h muta (= vocale)
Indefinite article: a, an
• We use a/an with a singular noun:
a bus, a car, a dog, a fast car
• We use an with a noun starting with a vowel
(a, e, i, o, u):
• an African elephant, an elephant, an Indian
elephant, an old car, an umbrella
BUT sometimes the initial u is pronounced /ʌ/
(an uncle, an ugly man), sometimes it is
pronounced /ju:/ (a union, a university).
• Si usa a davanti a:
• consonante (comprese w e y) → a student, a
word, a yacht
• h aspirata → a hamburger, a house
• i suoni /ju/ e /wa/ → a unit, a European
country, a one-way street, a once-popular
song, a one-legged man
• Si usa an davanti a:
• Vocale → an exercise, an apple
• h muta → an hour, an honest man
Le più comuni parole con h muta sono hour
• honest honour heir hourly honourable heiress
honestly
Jobs & professions
• I’m a doctor –
I work as a doctor
• She’s a nurse –
She works as a nurse
• They are engineers –
They work as engineers
What & where?
Job/Profession
Workplace/Place of employment
a lecturer
a university
a clerk (impiegato/a)
an office
a surgeon (chirurgo)
a hospital
a builder (muratore)
a building/construction site
a factory worker
a factory
a waiter (M)/a waitress (F)
a restaurant or a café
an accountant (ragioniere)
an office
a lawyer (avvocato)
a law firm/a lawyer’s office
a judge (giudice)
a law court/a courthouse
an actor (M)/an actress (F)
a theatre
a librarian (bibliotecario/a)
a library
a chef/a cook
a kitchen
Exercises: Inserisci a an
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
This is …. good book.
There’s …… beautiful park in North Street
Thailand is not …… European country.
My father’s …. architect.
Is there … dog in that garden?
Italy isn’t … island.
Cambridge is …. excellent university.
It’s … nice day today.
__ book
_dog
__ hamburger
__ donkey
__ hen
__ house
_yogurt
__ egg
an apple
__ student
__ mouse
__ horse
__ indian
__ elephant
__ cat
__ one-way
street
__ orange
__ whale
__ wolf
__ hedgehog
__ corn
__ European
country
__ ice-cream
__ watch
__ washing
machine
__ hat
__ university
__ lion
__ alarm clock
__ door
__ heir
A book
Adog
A hamburger
A donkey
A hen
A house
A corn
A European
country
AN ice-cream
A watch
A washing
machine
A hat
A yogurt
AN egg
an apple
A student
A mouse
A horse
AN indian
AN elephant
A cat
A one-way
street
AN orange
A whale
A wolf
A hedgehog
A university
A lion
AN alarm clock
A door
AN heir
1.
a snack bar
2.
a tomato sandwich
3.
an orange juice
4.
an apple pie
5.
a tennis racket
6.
a gold watch
7.
a bus driver
8.
an English lesson
Definite article: the
• We use the with singular and plural nouns
• Unlike a/an, we use the to refer to something
specific
Examples:
• The student is writing his exam
• Students study every day
• The students of this faculty come to classes
every day
THE DEFINITE ARTICLE
In inglese esiste un solo articolo determinativo: THE
The boy (m) (sing)
the girl (f) (sing)
The Boys (m) (plur)
the girls (f) (plur)
Si usa the con:
- gruppi o categorie di parole:
the sick, the rich, the poor,
- gli strumenti musicali:
the guitar, the violin,
x
x
a
x
x
x
the
an
x
a
the
the
a
x
the
x
the
a
x
x
the
x
the
a
x
a
x
Exercise: inserisci a, an, the
•My grandparents live in …. very nice house in …
countryside. …… house is on three floors.
Downstairs there’s …. huge sitting room, with …
big sofa and … fireplace. …. bedrooms are on ….
second floor. There’s also ….. Big room in …
attic. That is my favourite place, because …
view from there is amazing.
Plural nouns
In order to make the plural of a noun, we need
to add an –s to the word end
Examples:
• door – doors
• window – windows
• girl – girls
• car – cars
• book – books
However,
• Nouns ending with ch, sh, s, x, add –es:
watches, successes, churches, boxes, lashes
• Nouns ending in –y preceded by a consonant
go through a morphological change when
adding –es:
countries, dictionaries, butterflies
BUT keys, boys
Irregular plurals
• person/people*, man/men, woman/women, child/
children**, tooth/teeth, foot/feet
* The regular form persons is mainly found in public
notices, for example to indicate the number of
people allowed in an elevator (BrE, lift)
** kid (plural: kids) is informal both for children and
teenagers
• Some nouns, especially those referring to animals,
have a single form, both for the singular and the
plural: sheep/sheep, fish/fish
P. 12 ex 2
P. 127 ex 2a
Keys
• A) a city, cities
an email, emails
a person, people
a box, boxes
a woman, women
• B) They’re children
It’s a purse
They’re men
It’s an umbrella
They’re sunglasses
This, that, these, those: determiners
• We use this/these for things near us: this is
my pen, these are my trousers
• We use that/those for things far away: that is
an American car, those clothes are Italian
* This and that are singular, these and those are
plural
Grammar 6: Gli AGGETTIVI DIMOSTRATIVI
(near the speaker)
Sing.
THIS
Plur.
THESE
(far from the speaker)
THAT
THOSE
In inglese non ci sono differenze di genere
This girl this boy these women these men
questa ragazza questo ragazzo queste donne
uomini
questi
P. 127 ex 2b
This/That/These/Those
1. This is my new car. Please get in
2. …. Building over there is the Science
Museum.
3. Is …. your new school bag, here?
4. …. cloud in the sky looks like a rabbit.
5. ….. woman downstairs is very noisy.
6. …. weather is really great.
7. Who’s ….. I can hear coming up the stairs?
Completa i dialoghi con i pronomi
dimostrativi appropriati
•
•
•
•
A. Hello, This is Brenda speaking
B. Oh, hello Brenda.
A. Good morning, Mrs Brown.
B. Oh, good morning, Mr Smith. …. Are my
children, Tom and Louise.
• A. Nice to meet you.
• A.Hello. Is …. The Body Shop?
• B. No, …. Is victoria Station.
•
•
•
•
A. How much are …. Oranges over there?
B. £ 5 a kilo, but …. Here aren’t so expensive.
A. Excuse me, are …. seats free?
B. No, but …. seat over there is free.
Scegli l’alternativa corretta
• Look at this /that/ those watch here, Is it
yours?
• Where’s your bag? That/These/This bag here
is mine.
• Are that / these/those/ houses at the end of
the street new?
• Anna, these/ this/ that is my freind Sam.
• Here you are, have one of these/ this/ those
chocolates. They’re my favourite.
• What’s …. / that / this? The animal over there!
• Is that/ these/ this woman over there our new
teacher?
Trasforma le frasi al singolare o al
plurale
• Who is that man there? Who are those men
there?
• This seat is reserved.
• These photos are of my grandparents.
• Those dresses are French.
• I don’t like this shop – let’s go somewhere else.
• Do you know that guest?
• Is that your dog?
• These are my mothers paintings.
• Who is that man?
Grammar 2
Nella prima unità abbiamo visto che il pronome you sta per i
pronomi allocutivi tu, lei (forma di cortesia) e voi. Anche la
forma possessiva your è un vocabolo multiuso:
la tua chiave = your key
le vostre chiave = your keys
i suoi documenti, sig.ra Verdi = your documents, Mrs Greene
i tuoi documenti, Barbara = your documents, Barbara
il vostro contratto = your contract
il tuo contratto = your contract
il suo contratto, sig. Bianchi = your contract, Mr White.
ENGLISH IS EASY!
Grammar 3: contracted forms
I am from Chile = I’m from Chile
She is Nigerian = She’s Nigerian
He is Japanese = He’s Japanese
What is your name? = What’s your name?
This girl is Indian = This girl’s Indian
My name is Robert = My name’s Robert
Si usano le contrazioni nell’inglese parlato e nei testi scritti
informali ma di solito non nei testi accademici o formali.
Questions and Answers 1
“Excuse me. Is your name Smith?”
“No, it isn’t. It’s Cuccureddu.”
“And what’s your first name, Mr Cuccureddu?”
“Efisio.”
“Are you from Scotland, Silvia?”
“No, I’m not. My surname’s MacTavish but I’m English.”
“Good morning, Ms Clinton.”
“Good morning. But please call me Hillary.”
“Thankyou, Hillary. And my first name’s Mario.”
Questions and answers 2
“Hello. Are you Spanish?”
“No, we aren’t. We’re Mexican.”
“Is your first name English?”
“No, it isn’t. Padraig is an Irish name.”
“Good morning, Miss Jackson.”
“Good morning, Mr Brown. Or good afternoon. It’s 2.30.”
“Are Helmut and Ludwig German?”
“No, they aren’t. They are from Austria.”
Grammar 4: negative forms of to be
I am not = I’m not
you are not = you aren’t
he is not = he isn’t
she is not = she isn’t
it is not = it isn’t
we are not = we aren’t
you are not = you aren’t
they are not = they aren’t
Short Answers
• We only say:
• Yes, + subj + to be (long form)
• No, + subj + to be (short form)
Interrogative sentences
Qu
A
S
(I)
Question word+ Auxiliary + Subject + Infinitive
How are you?
Where do you live?
PRONOMI / AVVERBI INTERROGATIVI
Wh- questions:
WHO?
Chi?
WHAT?
(Che) cosa?
WHERE?
Dove?
WHEN?
Quando?
WHICH?
Quale (dei due)?
HOW?
Come?
WHY?
Perche’?
Who are you?
Chi sei?
-I am the new teacher
What is it?
-It is an apple
Che cos’è?
Where are you now? Dove sei ora?
-I’m in London now
When are you here? Quando sei qua?
-I’m here every Monday
How old are you? Quanti anni hai?
-I am (Cardinal Number) (years old)
-The red one
Which is your car? Quale (delle due) è la tua auto?
-The red one
How are you?
-I’m very sick!
Come stai?
Why are you here?
Perchè sei qui?
-Because I study here!
Nelle domande che iniziano
con pronome o avverbio interrogativo
le preposizioni vanno alla fine.
Where are you from? Da dove vieni?
Di dove sei?
I am from London
Formula domande con Wh- words
1. What ‘s the time?
2.Which is your bag? The small one or the big one?
3.How far is the beach? About one mile away
4.Who are your best friends?
5. What ’s your favorite dish?
Formula domande con Wh- words
1. What ‘s the time?
2.Which is your bag? The small one or the big one?
3.How far is the beach? About one mile away
4.Who are your best friends?
5. What ’s your favorite dish?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What’s the time?
Which is your bag? The small one or the big one?
How far is the breach? About one mile away
Who are your best friends?
What is your favorite dish?
Leggi le risposte e formula le domande
1.How old are you? I’m 42
2. What is your address? My address is 34 Victoria Road
3. How are you? I’m very well, thanks. What about you?
4. Are you a teacher? No, I’m not a teacher, I’m a journalist
5. What is there? There’s spaghetti Bolognese
6. What time is it? It is a quarter to eleven
HOW? = Come?
How + Adjective / adverb? = Quanto?
How old are you? Quanto sei vecchio?/Quanti hanni hai?
How far is it?
Quanto è lontano? /dista?
How long is it?
Quanto è lontano? /dura?
How big is it?
Quanto è grande?
Leggi le risposte e formula le domande
1. How old are you?
I’m 42
2. What is your address? My address is 34 Victoria Road
3. How are you? I’m very well, thanks. What about you?
4. Are you a teacher? No, I’m not a teacher, I’m a journalist
5. What is there? There’s spaghetti Bolognese
6. What time is it? It is a quarter to eleven
P. 148
Days of the
week
Months
Seasons
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn (Fall)
P. 148
The numbers (2) (see pg. 148)
P.148
The Numbers 2
57
1,383
426
119
2013
1999
The Numbers 2
57
fiftyseven
three
426
1,383
one thousand three hundred and eighty
119
four hundred and twenty six
nineteen
one hundred and
1
1999
Two thousand thirteen
nineteen ninety nine
one thousand and ninety nine
Adjectives
• They always precede the noun they refer to: a
beautiful dress, a pretty girl, a happy child
• They are neutral and, therefore, they never
take the plural: my gorgeous nieces, my nice
neighbors, my new pencils, my wonderful
friends
• They don’t agree on number and gender
Some common adjectives
A big elephant and a
small elephant.
A happy baby and a
sad baby
P. 15
Grammar 5: the Imperative
C’è un’unica forma dell’imperativo nella lingua inglese:
Listen to me = Mi ascolti, Ascoltami, Ascoltatemi
Si usa la forma base del verbo: Run! Go! Stop!
Per l’imperativo negativo si usa don’t:
Don’t waste time = Non perdere tempo
Siccome non esistono le formule di cortesia, l’imperativo inglese può suonare un
po’ brusco. In una unità successiva vedremo le alternative più cortesi
all’imperativo. Comunque, in una ricetta di cucina, l’uso dell’imperativo è normale.
And that is the end of Unit 14. Goodbye.
Homework
• pp. 12-19 student’s book (English File
Elementary)
Write description of a famous person and send it
to [email protected] for correction (see
example in the book, p. 15)