I can describe the
different states of
matter.
Warm Up 10/6
Describe solids, liquids, and gases in your own
words.
States of Matter
What do these things have in common?
Matter!
States of Matter
To determine what state matter is in we have to
look at its properties.
Most of the properties of the different states of
matter are explained by the Kinetic Theory of
Matter.
States of Matter
States of Matter
Matter can have very different properties
depending on its state of matter.
There are 5 different states of matter, but only
3 are common on Earth.
•
•
•
•
•
Plasma
Gas
Liquid
Solid
Bose-Einstein Condensate
Kinetic Theory of Matter
According to the Kinetic Theory of Matter:
• All matter is made up of small particles
• There is empty space between these particles
• The particles are in constant “random”
motion
This theory can explain most of the properties
of the states of matter.
Solids
Particles in a solid are tightly packed are unable
to move through out the matter.
Solids
The particles in a solid vibrate around a fixed
location within the solid.
Solids have definite shape and volume.
Liquids
The particles in a liquid are closely packed, but
they are able to slip past each other.
Liquids
Particles in a liquid are free to move through
out the liquid, but they remain close together.
Liquids have a definite volume, but no definite
shape. They take the shape of their container.
Gases
The particles in gases are fast enough that they
can spread out. They will expand or contract to
evenly fill the entire container.
Gases have an indefinite shape and indefinite
volume. They take on the shape and volume of
their container.
Gases
Gas particles freely bounce off of other particles
and the walls of their container.
Plasma
Plasmas are very similar to gases with no
definite shape or volume.
Plasma
Examples of plasmas:
The particles in a plasma are moving so fast
they become electrically charged. This allows
them to conduct electricity.
Plasma is the most common state of matter in
the universe even though it is less common on
Earth than solids, liquids, or gases.
Bose--Einstein Condensates
Bose
At temperature’s very close to absolute zero (0
Kelvin), matter can change into a Bose-Einstein
Condensate.
Changes of State
When matter changes from one state to another
it must either gain or lose energy.
Gas
In a Bose-Einstein Condensate the atoms lose
their individuality and move in “lockstep” with
one another.
Bose-Einstein condensates exist only when
created in a laboratory.
Changes of State
Liquid
Solid
Changes of State
Endothermic changes absorb energy and cool
their surroundings
Exothermic changes release energy and warm
their surroundings
Melting– a state change from solid to liquid
Freezing- a state change from liquid to solid
Vaporization- a state change from liquid to gas
(includes boiling and evaporation)
Condensation– a state change from gas to liquid
Sublimation– a state change from solid to gas
Deposition- a state change from gas to solid