YEAR 9 (13+) SCHOLARSHIP
May 2015
for entry in September 2015
SCIENCE FACULTY 2
Biology, Chemistry, Physics
Your Name: _______________________________________________________
Your School: ______________________________________________________
Time allowed:
1 hour
Total marks: 50
Equipment needed:
Pen, pencil, ruler.
You may use an eraser and a calculator if needed.
Information for candidates:
1.
Write your name and school on this page.
2.
Write all of your answers on the question papers in the space provided.
If you need additional paper then please ask the invigilator.
3.
The marks for each question or part question are shown in square brackets [ ]
after the question.
4.
Answer ALL SIX QUESTIONS in SECTION A [40 marks] and ONE
QUESTION ONLY from SECTION B [10 marks].
SECTION A (Biology, Chemistry and Physics)
ANSWER ALL SIX QUESTIONS FROM SECTION A
1.
Jemma takes vitamin C pills. She does this in case there is not enough vitamin C in
her food. A new type of vitamin C pill is called ‘Slow Release Vitamin C’. Jemma was
given an ordinary vitamin C pill. The concentration of vitamin C in her blood was
measured. The next day she was given a ‘Slow Release Vitamin C’ pill. The
concentration of vitamin C was measured again and the results of the two
experiments were plotted on one graph.
a)
Describe the patterns shown in the graph.
[2]
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b)
Can you think of any two problems with this experiment that do not make it a
fair test?
[2]
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2.
The diagram shows the structure of a ‘Slow Release Vitamin C’ pill.
a)
The vitamin C is released over a long period of time with this pill. Use the
information from the diagram and your own biological knowledge to suggest
why.
[2]
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b)
Some parents prefer to buy sugar-free sweets for their children.
2
Dentists suggest that these are better for teeth than sweets containing sugar.
Explain why eating sweets containing sugar increases the risk of tooth decay.
[4]
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3.
Alcohols are flammable and can be used as fuels. A student carried out an
investigation to see if there was a relationship between the number of carbon atoms
in an alcohol and how much energy it gave out when burned. The diagram shows
the apparatus used.
The student placed a spirit burner containing methanol under the can of water. She
lit the spirit burner, heated the water for two minutes and put the spirit burner out.
She repeated the experiment two more times. As the fuel was burned, the mass of the
spirit burner became less. She repeated the experiment with three other alcohols.
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a)
The table shows the results obtained.
(i)
The diagrams show the thermometer readings before and after heating the
water in the first experiment for methanol.
Record the temperature shown on each thermometer.
Temperature before _____________ °C
Temperature after _____________ °C
Calculate the temperature change for this experiment.
Temperature change ____________________________________________ [3]
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(ii)
The temperature change per gram of fuel used is calculated using the
equation:
Complete the table above to show the temperature change per gram of
fuel for each experiment using ethanol.
[3]
(iii) For each fuel, calculate the mean temperature change per gram of fuel.
Record your answers in the table above.
[2]
b)
The student made the following conclusion. “As the number of carbon atoms
in any fuel increases, the energy given out when one gram of the fuel is burned
also increases.”
Are the results obtained sufficient to support this conclusion? Explain your
answer.
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4.
Solder is a mixture of lead and tin. The melting point of solder depends on the
amount of tin in the mixture.
a)
Look at the table below.
amount of tin in solder (%)
melting point of solder (°C)
0
327
30
255
40
235
50
212
60
188
70
192
80
205
90
220
100
232
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(i)
The melting point of pure tin is 232°C. What is the melting point of pure
lead?
____________ °C
(ii)
[1]
Use the data in the table to plot the points on the grid below.
Four of the points are plotted for you. Draw two appropriate straight lines
of best fit.
[3]
b)
Use your graph to estimate the amount of tin needed to make solder with the
lowest melting point.
____________ %
c)
[1]
Describe how the melting point of solder changes with the amount of tin in the
solder.
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d)
The table below shows some properties of metals.
Copper
High density
Malleable
Aluminium
Low density
Strong
Silver
High density
Doesn’t tarnish easily
(i)
Which metal would be best to use for water pipes?
____________________________________________________________________ [1]
(ii)
Which metal would be best to use to make planes?
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(iii) Which metal would be best to use to make jewellery?
____________________________________________________________________ [1]
5.
Nick sets up the circuit below. The lamps P and Q are identical and the switch S is open.
Both lamps are lit equally.
Nick now closes switch S. Explain how this affects the brightness of:
a)
lamp P ________________________________________________________________
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b)
lamp Q _______________________________________________________________
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6.
Helen is diving from the end of a diving board as shown in the diagram.
4m
a)
What type of energy did Helen gain as she climbed up the ladder onto the
diving board?
_____________________________________________________________________[1]
b)
What type of energy does Helen have just before entering the water?
_____________________________________________________________________[1]
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c)
As she hits the water her total energy is less than the energy she gained as she
climbed onto the diving board. Explain why.
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d)
What happens to the energy Helen had in part (b) after entering the water?
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[Total: 40 marks]
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SECTION B
ANSWER ONE QUESTION ONLY FROM SECTION B
Either: 1. (Biology) or 2. (Chemistry) or 3. (Physics)
EITHER 1. BIOLOGY
1.
Fish need to exchange gases with their surroundings.
a)
Which gas moves from the blood of the fish to the surrounding water during
gas exchange?
[1]
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b)
In which living process does the fish use oxygen?
[1]
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c)
Write a balanced equation for this process
[2]
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d)
The diagram show the head of a fish.
Use the information in the diagram to describe how fish caries out gas exchange.
[5]
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e)
Give one adaptation of a fish to living in an aquatic environment.
[1]
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[Total: 10 marks]
OR 2. CHEMISTRY
2.
The diagram shows part of the Periodic Table.
a)
Calcium burns brightly in oxygen, forming calcium oxide (CaO). Calcium
oxide reacts with water, forming a compound with the formula Ca(OH)2.
(i)
Give the chemical name of the compound with the formula Ca(OH)2.
___________________________________________________________________ [1]
(ii)
The compound, Ca(OH)2, is slightly soluble in water – it dissolves to
form limewater.
Would you expect this solution to be acidic, alkaline or neutral?
___________________________________________________________________ [1]
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b)
The apparatus below can be used to prepare carbon dioxide in the laboratory.
(i)
Name the piece of apparatus labelled A.
____________________________________________________________________ [1]
(ii)
State the names of the other products formed in this reaction.
____________________________________________________________________ [1]
c)
You can test for carbon dioxide using limewater. When an excess of carbon
dioxide is bubbled through limewater, reaction 1 occurs, followed by reaction 2.
The equations for these reactions are:
reaction 1
Ca(OH) 2 (aq) + CO2 (g) → CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)
reaction 2
CaCO3(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) → Ca(HCO3)2(aq)
Suggest two observations that would be made when excess carbon dioxide is
bubbled through limewater.
[2]
1
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2
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d)
The table below gives information about four compounds.
The molecules of each compound contain an atom of hydrogen and an atom
of an element from group VII of the Periodic Table. The amount of energy
needed to pull the two atoms apart is called the bond strength.
Compound
Name
Formula
Hydrogen fluoride
HF
Hydrogen chloride
HCI
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen iodide
Bond strength
in kJ/mol
Action of heat on
the compound
570
stable
432
Fairly stable
HBr
366
Some bromine formed
HI
298
Use the information in the table to answer the following questions.
(i)
Suggest why hydrogen iodide may not exist at room temperature.
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(ii) Describe how the bond strength of these compounds varies as the group
VII element changes.
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(iii) Which compound in the table requires the highest temperature to make it
decompose?
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e)
The table below shows data from the Wikipedia page about hydrogen chloride.
Properties
Molecular formula
HCl
Molar mass
36.46 g mol-1
Appearance
Colourless gas
Odour
Pungent
Melting Point
−114.22 °C (−173.60 °F; 158.93 K)
Boiling Point
−85.05 °C (−121.09 °F; 188.10 K)
Solubility in water
823 g/litre (0 °C)
720 g/litre (20 °C)
561 g/litre (60 °C)
Solubilty
Soluble in methanol, ethanol, ether
Explain why the apparatus in part (b) could not be used to prepare hydrogen
chloride.
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[Total: 10 marks]
OR 3. PHYSICS
3.
Answer only TWO of these 5 short questions in the TWO spaces provided on the
following pages. [You may wish to include diagrams to help your explanations.]
1.
How can you, using school science equipment, show and explain white light is
made up of the separate colours of the spectrum (rainbow)?
2.
Why, in Britain, is the Full Moon in winter much higher in the sky than it is in
summer? (The Earth, Moon and Sun lie almost in the same plane. You might
start by thinking about the positions of Earth, Sun and Moon when the moon is
fully lit.)
3.
Sycamore seeds fall at slow speeds to
allow time for them to be blown far from
the tree (see picture).
Can you explain if you drop a sycamore
seed from a balcony on a still day (no
wind) it soon reaches a low, constant
vertical speed?
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4.
Even on a warm day, you still feel cold when coming out of the sea or out of a
swimming pool.
A similar effect can be observed at school during a science lesson by pouring a
small amount of ethanol on to the back of your hand. Even though the ethanol
is warm, your hand still feels cold.
Can you explain why, in either of these examples, you feel cold even though the
air around you is warm?
5.
If a bird sits on a wire slung between two poles,
the wire sags. If the wire is tightened it sags
less. Assuming that the wire is so strong that
there is no risk of it breaking, is it possible for
there to be no sag with the bird still sitting at the
centre of the wire?
(You might start by thinking about the forces
acting on the bird to keep it in place.)
Question _______
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Question _______
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[Total: 10 marks]
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