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FOR TAURANGA, MOUNT MAUNGANUI AND PAPAMOA
HOW TO ESCAPE A
TSUNAMI
If you feel a long or strong
earthquake, a tsunami may follow…
1
Drop, cover and hold
during an earthquake
2
Get Inland or Get High,
use local evacuation
route to a safe place
3
Stay in your safe place
until you’re given the
official all clear
THE BEST WAY TO TA
ONES IS TO LOOK
KE CARE OF LOVED
AFTER YOURSELF
TSUNAMI SURVIVE
FOR TAURANGA, MOUNT MAUNGANUI AND PAPAMOA
NO ONE IS
COMING TO
SAVE ME
You may only have 50
minutes until
the first wave arrives
BE
PREPARED
(Read Tsunami Survive
document)
Get Ready Get Thru
website has advice
www.getthru.govt.nz
THINK
FEET
There’s a good chance
roads will be impassible and
traffic congested, travel on
foot wherever possible
GET INLAND
OR GET HIGH
Multi-storey concrete
structures may be a good
option if you can’t get inland
If you are already in a safe
location stay there!
TSUNAMI HAZARD ZONE
IN CASE OF EARTHQUAKE
GO TO HIGHER GROUND OR INLAND
CONTENTS
SUMMARY AND OVERVIEW
Part A - WHAT TO DO - What you NEED to know
5
TAURANGA AND TSUNAMI
7
1.1
How Long Have I Got?
7
1.2
How Will I be Warned?
8
1.3
What do I do if I Feel an Earthquake?
8
1.4
How Can I Prepare?
9
1.5
How do I Evacuate?
10
1.6
What Happens in a Distant Source Tsunami?
11
1.7
Where Do I Go?
11
I’VE SURVIVED – NOW WHAT?
12
1.
2.
PART B - TSUNAMI INFORMATION - What’s good to know
3.
TSUNAMI INFORMATION
13
3.1
Where do Destructive Tsunami Come From?
13
3.2
What is a Tsunami?
15
3.3
How Big Are They?
15
3.4
Where am I Safe?
16
3.5
What are the Different Evacuation Zones?
19
WARNINGS
20
4.1
How Do Tsunami Warnings Work?
21
4.2
What Would the Official Warnings in Tauranga be?
21
WHO ELSE IS INVOLVED?
22
5.1
Tauranga City Council
22
5.2
Bay of Plenty Civil Defence Emergency Management Group
22
5.3
New Zealand Police
22
5.4
New Zealand Fire Service
23
5.5
St John Ambulance Service
23
5.6
Bay of Plenty District Health Board
23
5.7
New Zealand Defence Force
23
5.8
Lifeline Utilities
23
5.9
Welfare Agencies
24
6.
WHERE TO FROM HERE?
24
6.1
Tauranga City Council
24
7.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
25
TSUNAMI SIREN ACTIVATION & WARNING MESSAGE GUIDELINES
SUMMARY OF COMMENTS OR SUGGESTIONS PROVIDED BY THE
COMMUNITY DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS DOCUMENT
OUR HOUSE HOLD RULES IN AN EMERGENCY AND CHECKLIST
27
4.
5.
APPENDIX 1
APPENDIX 2
APPENDIX 3
PAGE
4
28
29
TSUNAMI SURVIVE - THINK FEET, GET INLAND OR GET HIGH!
SUMMARY AND OVERVIEW
Tsunami Survive is a local community plan for the escape of tsunami in Tauranga, Mount Maunganui and
Papamoa. It is specifically targeted toward “local source tsunami” and the actions required from first
awareness to an official response.
WHY YOU NEED TO DO YOUR OWN PLAN
Because you could be anywhere when disaster strikes, having your own plan in place to react quickly,
could be what saves you.
DON’T WAIT FOR THE SIRENS BEFORE TAKING ACTION
Local source tsunami - those that are formed close to shore and take less than an hour to arrive - are
likely to be the most destructive. It is unlikely there will be time to activate official warnings. Survival is
dependent on understanding the natural warning signs and knowing what to do before the tsunami
arrives. If you experience any of the warning signs, get inland or get high immediately, do not wait. It is
your decision what to do and when to do it. This document is aimed at helping you to know when to
make those decisions.
BE PREPARED
Sirens will be used for tsunami large enough to warrant a planned evacuation and where there is
enough time to activate them. If you have not felt an earthquake and you hear a tsunami siren, turn
on your radio. On their own, the sirens will not save you. To survive, you need to have your evacuation
planned in advance.
TAKE ACTION
Being prepared for an emergency means putting your plan into action. After reading this document,
there are a few simple things you can do to prepare for a tsunami:
•
Find out if your home, workplace or school is in an evacuation zone,
•
Develop and practice a Household Emergency Plan,
•
Prepare a Getaway Kit,
•
Identify local safe places and how to get there,
•
Know how to contact each other after an emergency,
•
Plan for any special needs in advance.
For more information on Household Emergency plans and Getaway Kits go to www.getthru.govt.nz
For more information on Disaster Preparedness for people with Disabilities go to www.civildefence.govt.nz
PAGE
5
TSUNAMI HAZARD ZONE
IN CASE OF EARTHQUAKE
GO TO HIGHER GROUND OR INLAND
BE PREPARED
•
•
•
•
Create and practice your household emergency plan
Have your getaway kit prepared for fast evacuations
Identify safe places in your community and know how to get there
Make sure each member of your family knows where the safe zones are
EARTHQUAKE, THINK TSUNAMI
•
•
•
•
•
Shaking strong enough to knock you off your feet
Prolonged shaking (greater than one minute)
Sea level suddenly rising or falling
The sea makes loud and unusual noises or roars like a jet engine
Don’t wait for sirens
GET INLAND OR GET HIGH
•
•
•
•
Walk or cycle. Don’t rely on cars, expect traffic chaos
Natural high points (hills or inland)
Use strong multi-storey buildings if you can’t get to natural high points
Signs or blue lines on the road indicate safe evacuation zones
AFTER THE TSUNAMI
• Check yourself for injuries and get first aid if needed
• Turn on your radio for civil defence advice
• A tsunami consists of multiple waves over many hours, stay where you are until you’re given
the official all clear
• Use text messages for contacting family members, save voice calls for emergencies only
• Register at a welfare centre for assistance and to help locate your family and friends
Figure 1: Summary of what to do in a local source tsunami
PAGE
6
TSUNAMI SURVIVE - THINK FEET, GET INLAND OR GET HIGH!
1. TAURANGA AND TSUNAMI
1.1
HOW LONG HAVE I GOT?
It can be anywhere from a few minutes to more than 12 hours for a tsunami to reach New Zealand. This
is called the travel time. Tsunami are often categorised by their source and the time taken for them to
reach the coastline. Three commonly referred to tsunami types are local source, regional source and
distant source.
The greatest risk to Tauranga is a tsunami originating from the Kermadec Trench which has a travel time
of approximately 50 minutes.
Vehicle evacuation of Tauranga, Mount Maunganui and Papamoa could take up to 6 hours. The highest
risk of damage comes from local source tsunami arriving within one hour. It is unlikely there will be time
for official warnings such as sirens. Understanding the natural warning signs may make the difference for
survival.
HIGHEST
LAND THREAT
MODERATE
LAND THREAT
LOWEST
LAND THREAT
LOCAL SOURCE
REGIONAL SOURCE
DISTANT SOURCE
(<1 hour)
(1-3 hours)
(> 3 hours)
POSSIBLE SOURCES:
• Mayor Island volcanism
• Taupo Volcanic Zone
earthquakes
• Earthquakes in Southern
Kermadec trench
POSSIBLE SOURCES:
• Tongan Trench
• Hikurangi Trench
LIKELY ACTIONS:
• Not time to activate official
warnings – use individual
plans
• Survival reliant upon people
understanding natural
warning signs and getting to
safety as soon as possible
LIKELY ACTIONS:
• Official warnings issued
with instructions to move
to high ground
• Little time for planned
evacuations – use
individual plans
• Survival still dependent
upon people getting to
high ground as soon as
possible
POSSIBLE OUTCOME:
• High risk of loss of life, injury
and widespread damage
• Long term assistance for
evacuees required
POSSIBLE OUTCOME:
• Medium risk of loss of life,
injury and damage
• Rapid return of
evacuees possible
POSSIBLE SOURCES:
• North America
• South America
• Japan
• Other areas on the
Pacfic Rim
LIKELY ACTIONS:
• Formal warnings issued
• Civil Defence managed
and controlled
evacuation
• People will have time to
evacuate with pets and
belongings
POSSIBLE OUTCOME:
• Low risk of loss of life,
injury and damage
• Rapid return of
evacuees likely
Figure 2: Tsunami types likely to affect Tauranga
PAGE
7
TSUNAMI HAZARD ZONE
IN CASE OF EARTHQUAKE
GO TO HIGHER GROUND OR INLAND
1.2
HOW WILL I BE WARNED?
0 MINUTES
There are three types of warnings:
NATURAL WARNINGS
Informal warnings such as phone calls, text
messages, news reports and social media like
facebook and twitter
It can take more than an hour for official
warnings such as sirens because duty officers
need to be notified, scientists need to evaluate
the information and then the warnings need to
be publicised.
Do not wait for sirens, information or instructions
if you notice natural warnings, take action
immediately.
SIRENS
Official warnings issued by Civil Defence
through radio, television and news websites
Civil Defence begins information assessment
Natural warnings
Intense or prolonged shaking.
Unusual sea level changes or
roaring sounds.
5-15 MINUTES
INFORMAL WARNINGS
Phone calls and texts from
friends and family, news
reports, social media.
45-90 MINUTES
OFFICIAL WARNINGS
Issued by Civil Defence
through radio, television and
news websites.
Figure 3: Warning types and times for tsunami
1.3
WHAT DO I DO IF I FEEL AN EARTHQUAKE?
Feeling or noticing natural warning signs is only the first step to survival, it’s what you do after you’ve felt
them that counts. They could mean the imminent arrival of a significant, potentially destructive tsunami.
It could take more than an hour for official warning messages to be issued. Waiting for instructions could
place you in danger. It is your decision whether or not you take action.
In the event you experience or see natural warning signs such as intense or prolonged shaking or the
sea receding, you may only have minutes to take action. Therefore, there is no time to pack up your
valuables or collect your children from school. You should walk or run to high ground immediately.
Remember, get inland or get high. If you don’t have time to get out of the area (up hills or away from
the coastline), look for places near you to get higher including the upper storeys or rooftops of strong
buildings. Concrete or block buildings are likely to be stronger than timber buildings during a tsunami.
Identifying some good safe points in your community beforehand will help you and your family to be
prepared.
Remember for any earthquake:
1. DROP
PAGE
8
2. COVER
3. HOLD
TSUNAMI SURVIVE - THINK FEET, GET INLAND OR GET HIGH!
NATURAL
WARNING SIGNS
EXPERIENCED
GET INLAND
OR GET HIGH
• Shaking strong enough
to knock you off your
feet
• Stay where you are if
you’re already on high
ground
• Prolonged shaking
(>1 minute)
• Walking or cycling may
be best
• Sea level suddenly rising
or falling
• Natural high ground
or top levels of multistorey block or concrete
buildings
• Hear the sea making
loud and unusual noises
TURN ON
YOUR RADIO
• See http://www.
bopcivildefence.govt.nz/
links/radio-stations for a
list of radio stations
• Listen for updates
• Wait for the official “all
clear”
• Get inland if you can’t
get high
Figure 4: Immediate actions to take in a local source tsunami
1.4
HOW CAN I PREPARE?
There are things you and your family can do to prepare for a tsunami beforehand. Creating a Household
Emergency Plan will help you to look after yourself and know that your family members are doing the
same, especially if you are not at home together. Have a getaway kit prepared in case you have to
leave in a hurry, remember to include any essential medication.
For more information on creating a Household Emergency Plan or a getaway kit, go to
www.getthru.govt.nz
For more information on planning for your pets in emergencies, go to http:disaster.wspa.org.nz
One of the most important things is to know where your family will be. Make sure you know what your
children’s schools and care providers’ plans are and where your children will be evacuated to. The same
goes for elderly relatives in retirement villages and rest homes.
Establish a plan with your children setting out what they will do, particularly if they are between school
and home when a strong earthquake occurs or the alarm is raised that a tsunami is imminent. Practice
that plan with your children.
Best practice is for people to pre-arrange to move in with friends, family or similar organisations in safe
areas. Welfare centres will be established to provide emergency shelter, but these are unlikely to be as
good or appropriate as what you can pre-arrange. This is especially true for those with special needs.
PAGE
9
TSUNAMI HAZARD ZONE
IN CASE OF EARTHQUAKE
GO TO HIGHER GROUND OR INLAND
1.5
HOW DO I EVACUATE?
For local and regional source tsunami, where there is only a short time available to get to safety, you
should plan to travel on foot and bicycle. Roads may be impassable from the effects of the earthquake or
congested with traffic. It is your decision when to evacuate as there will often not be time for instructions.
Take only those essential possessions required for you to survive until officials are able to activate
their responses. This includes things like water, snacks, important papers and essential medication but
remember you must be able to carry it easily, in a backpack for example. This is often referred to as a
‘getaway kit’ and having one ready to go could save you valuable time.
For more information on emergency survival items and Getaway Kits go to www.getthru.govt.nz
For tsunami where there is more time (some regional source and all distant source), there will be a
planned evacuation. This enables people to take their vehicles and essential belongings. The reason
vehicular evacuations are only used when there is a lot of time is because of the resources required to
manage traffic flow.
New Zealand Transport Agency estimates at least six hours is needed to fully evacuate Mount
Maunganui and Papamoa. Follow official directions during a managed evacuation. Keep going once
you are well outside the evacuation zone to allow room for others behind you.
Figure 5 below shows evacuation routes for Mount Maunganui and Papamoa for use during a managed
evacuation. These routes have been developed by the Tauranga Traffic Management Group and will be
optimised by using traffic control measures.
Legend
Evacuation zones
Mt Maunganui
Optimise traffic lights
for traffic flow from the Mount
Omanu
Girven Rd
Evans Rd
2
Domain Rd
Papamoa
Close Elizabeth Street
2
Papamoa Beach
2
29
2a
TOLL
29
Figure 5: Evacuation routes for Mount Maunganui and Papamoa during a managed evacuation
PAGE
10
TSUNAMI SURVIVE - THINK FEET, GET INLAND OR GET HIGH!
1.6
WHAT HAPPENS IN A DISTANT SOURCE TSUNAMI?
In a distant source tsunami or even possibly a regional source tsunami where there is time for officials to
activate, plans and procedures will be implemented and actions will be coordinated.
It can take more than an hour for Civil Defence Emergency Management officials (the Ministry and
local Councils) to evaluate the information received about an earthquake or tsunami, mobilise their staff
to react and announce an official warning to the public through sirens, radios and television. Informal
warnings are likely to be received much faster, it is your decision whether you choose to respond or want
to wait for official information.
1.7
WHERE DO I GO?
Finding a safe place to go will depend on where you happen to be at the time of a disaster. Get inland
or get high is the best option if you are in an at risk location. See the Tsunami Evacuation zones map on
page 18.
Having your own evacuation plan in place will help you determine the best place for your family to go.
In such an event as a local source tsunami, welfare centres will be established once safe areas are
identified that have not been inundated or damaged (this could include earthquake damage sustained
prior to a tsunami).
While there are certain buildings or places that stand out as obvious welfare centres, these will be
announced via radio once the areas are confirmed as safe to go to.
PAGE
11
TSUNAMI HAZARD ZONE
IN CASE OF EARTHQUAKE
GO TO HIGHER GROUND OR INLAND
2. I’VE SURVIVED – NOW WHAT?
It is important to remember that tsunami are usually more than one wave, more like a series of surges
rather than waves that may last for up to 24 hours. The waves that follow the first one may also be larger
and stronger. If you are in a safe place, stay where you are until you are given the official “all clear”.
Figure 6 below outlines what you should do once you’ve reached a safe place:
Use text messages
to contact family
members if possible.
Leave voice calls for
emergencies only.
Stay where you are until
you are sure the tsunami
is over. Remember, there
may be multiple waves.
Go to your family meeting
point if you have one.
Register at a welfare
centre so authorities can
reunite you with your
family.
Do NOT go sightseeing.
Turn on your radio for
civil defence advice
and do not return to
evacuated areas until
the official all clear is
given.
When re-entering
homes or buildings,
use extreme caution as
floodwaters may have
damaged them.
If your homes are
damaged, report
to and register at a
welfare centre for
assistance.
Look for and report any
broken utility lines to
appropriate authorities.
Check yourself for
injuries and get first aid
if needed.
Help others if you can.
Figure 6: Flow chart for what to do in the aftermath of a destructive tsunami
Civil defence authorities and their partner agencies have very detailed plans in place to respond to
emergency situations including the provision of welfare services such as food, shelter, clothing, financial
assistance and psychosocial (psychological and social) support.
In local or regional source tsunami, welfare centres will be established during or after the tsunami. For
distant source tsunami, this will be able to be carried out during the warnings and evacuation. Welfare
centres usually contain access for people to agencies for assistance as well as providing shelter, food
and clothing.
For more information on the Bay of Plenty Civil Defence Emergency Management Group Welfare Plan
2006 go to www.bopcivildefence.govt.nz
PAGE
12
TSUNAMI SURVIVE - THINK FEET, GET INLAND OR GET HIGH!
3. TSUNAMI INFORMATION
3.1
WHERE DO DESTRUCTIVE TSUNAMI COME FROM?
Earthquakes that initiate destructive tsunami are often those caused by subduction zones. Subduction
zones are where one tectonic plate (the earth’s crust) is pushed beneath another as shown in Figure 7.
There are many subduction zones around the Pacific that could cause destructive tsunami, which may
have an effect on New Zealand. Figure 8 identifies the subduction zones of the Pacific.
trench
volcano
sediments
oceanic
crust
overlaying plate
earthquake
generating
zone
Au s t r a l i a n P l a t e
magma
melting
p
ted
c
u
bd
su
Pa
e
la t
fi
i
c
c
t
Pla
e
(earth’s mantle)
Figure 7: How subduction zones work
PAGE
13
TSUNAMI HAZARD ZONE
IN CASE OF EARTHQUAKE
GO TO HIGHER GROUND OR INLAND
The map below shows how the distances from the different sources relate to the time it takes them to
arrive on New Zealand’s coastline. Generally, the further they travel the more they reduce in size making
local and regional source tsunami the highest risk.
Figure 8: Subduction Zones of the Pacific that cause destructive tsunami with travel times
REGION
PAGE
14
DESCRIPTION
0
New Zealand
1
Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea and the rest of the South West Pacific
2
South America, which is divided into three zones: Zone 2 is more likely to affect
New Zealand
3
Mexico & Central America
4
Cascadia (NW USA and Vancouver Island, Canada)
5
Aleutians / Rat Island
6
Kamchatka – Kuriles
7
Japan
TSUNAMI SURVIVE - THINK FEET, GET INLAND OR GET HIGH!
3.2 WHAT IS A TSUNAMI?
Tsunami are caused when a large volume of water is rapidly displaced. The most common origin is an
underwater earthquake which can cause sudden changes to the seafloor making the ocean flow away
from the disturbance, creating waves or surges. This works in the same way as a stone in a pond causing
ripples but on a much larger scale.
Although called waves, they often appear as a rapidly rising tide and contain much stronger currents
than normal waves. A tsunami is made up of a series of waves or surges which can occur over a long
period of time and often the first wave is not the largest or strongest.
For more information on how tsunami are created go to www.gns.cri.nz and www.geonet.org.nz
3.3
HOW BIG ARE THEY?
Each tsunami will be different. They vary in size depending on the source, travel time and the profile of the
seafloor. The largest tsunami are likely to be local source where there is considerably less warning time.
New Zealand has experienced about 10 tsunami bigger than 5 metres since 1840.
The threat posed by a tsunami is estimated using predicted wave heights. The evacuation map,
produced by the Bay of Plenty Civil Defence Emergency Management Group (page 18), is based on a
maximum wave height of 13.5 metres (predicted worse case scenario). The following categories are used
to determine official warnings and likely impact.
MAXIMUM EXPECTED
AMPLITUDE AT SHORE
THREAT DEFINITION
<0.2m
No threat
0.2-1m
Marine and Beach Threat (incl. harbours, estuaries & small boats)
1-3m
Marine and Land Threat
3-5m
Marine and Land Threat
5-8m
Marine and Land Threat
>8m
Marine and Land Threat
Figure 9: Tsunami wave height and likely threat
PAGE
15
TSUNAMI HAZARD ZONE
IN CASE OF EARTHQUAKE
GO TO HIGHER GROUND OR INLAND
3.4
WHERE AM I SAFE?
As tsunami waves or surges reach the coastline, they begin to slow down and increase in height. The
height of the waves as they reach the shore is dependent on the topography of the seafloor. The height
of the wave decreases as it travels inland as shown in Figure 10.
Wave
height at
coast
Crest
Inundation
line or limit
Wave
height
at sea
Sea level at
the time
Run-up
Inundation horizontal flooding
Shoreline
Trough
Figure 10: Tsunami wave profile and common terms used for measurement.
Some natural and man-made features can provide a barrier against tsunami by decreasing their height
or strength. These include well developed sand dunes and high density infrastructure.
ü
For safety, get inland and up hills if possible. Otherwise, the upper storeys of strong buildings in your
community may provide safe places. Roads in the Tauranga area, particularly around the harbour
margins, may be marked with blue lines to indicate the safe zone for evacuation.
û
PAGE
16
û
TSUNAMI SURVIVE - THINK FEET, GET INLAND OR GET HIGH!
Figure 11: Example of a tsunami blue line in Wellington
In August 2010, the Bay of Plenty Civil Defence
Emergency Management Group developed
maps showing tsunami evacuation zones for the
coastline of the Bay of Plenty, based on predicted
worse case scenario. The one for Tauranga City is
included overleaf.
All of the tsunami evacuation zone maps for the
Bay of Plenty can be found and downloaded at
www.bopcivildefence.govt.nz
Figure 12: Tsunami safe location signage
PAGE
17
1869000E
RO
AD
27
28
29
30
31
ry
Tahunamanu
Island
18
10 0
19
20
21
22
23
56
24
25
26
NH
NEW
70
AM
66
96
0
10
154
TSUNAMI SURVIVE - THINK FEET, GET INLAND OR GET HIGH!
44
12
71
r
52
52
TE
PU
TM
AIN
un
a
Te
P
Be
NA
2
ac
h
K
S TA
T IO
72
129
NR
D
29
Motungaio
Island
5
68
73
Tauriko
59
Wairoa Pa
W
ai
Oikimoke Point
48
74
nt
r
Opunui Point
Rangiwaea Island
Motuhoa Island
RD
RA
EO
UR
OP
Paeroa Point
73
54
74
50
pu
Ko
r
25
ua
er
er
56
m
Gate Pa
Judea
76
53
Greerton
52
Brookfield
66
RD
OPI
OR
77
RD
42
Waimapu
M
CA
N
O
ER
Otumoetai
2
2A
78
78
29
Waimapu
Estuary
25
Motuopae Island
(Peach Island)
Waikareao
Estuary
78
I RD
UIT
OHA
75
Te Ranga
36
K
Bellevue
Matua
Barkes
Corner
a
re
St
77
Tauranga Harbour
Tilby Point
re e k
76
Matakana Island
Bethlehem
sC
19
er
75
79
2
Marina
79
13
79
Hairini
am
10
0
81
82
83
84
85
86
0
10
80
0
81
82
21
Tauranga Airport
HEWLETTS RD
Maungatapu
45
Welcome Bay
Kaitemako
135
2
Motuotau Island
Bay of Plenty
Kilometres
2
SCALE = 1:50 000
Waipu Bay
Matapihi
Welcome Bay
40
1
24
Te Maunga
Omanu
0
20
10 0
0
10
OM
0
20
Y
BA
83
100
LC
WE
E
Rangataua Bay
88
3
N
VE
GIR
OC
EA
N
Ngapeke
ai t
W
oa
Karikari Point
Oruamatua Point
29
10
Mount Maunganui
Moturiki
Island
Te Ngaiopapapa
Point
Maheka Point
TAURANGA
Marina
Whareroa
Point
232
Mauao/
Mt Maunganui
1
84
25
60
85
5
Omanu Beach
RO
AD
20
0
AC
H
RD
BE
4
TSUNAMI EVACUATION ZONES
Tauranga City
80
Motuopuhi Island
(Rat Island)
Panepane
Point
re
77
RO
AD
Te Puna
TR
ON
G
100
AR
MS
135
24
RD
35
E
Opureora
54
72
St
0
10
265
86
196
20 0
Waitao
152
0
20
20 0
OAD
78
UA R
KAIR
2
5
87
12
5834000N
88
100
134 100
Kairua
8
140
89
89
224
91
92
0
20
90
94
95
Papamoa
PA
PA
MO
A
91
92
AD
RO
3
BELL
10
93
ROA
D
94
Papamoa Beach
Kopuaroa Canal
BE
AC
HR
OA
D
- Tsunami Evacuation Zones Director’s Guideline for Civil
Defence Emergency Management Groups [DGL 08/08]
December 2008 ISBN 978-0-478-25483-9
** The recommended Level 2 attenuation rule of 1
metre decrease in wave height every 200 metre inland
was applied for calculating how far the tsunami wave
travels inland. The attenuation rule for the river, 1m
decrease for every 400m distance upriver, was applied
to determine the maximum distance travelled by the
modelled tsunami waves (run-up of 8 and 13.5m
travelling a maximum of 3200m and 5400m, respectively upriver for BOP WEST and; run-up of 10 and
16.5m travelling a maximum of 4000m and 6600m,
respectively upriver for BOP EAST).
* as defined in page 18, MHWS level for Bay of Plenty
- NIWA Client Report HAM2006-133 October 2006, NIWA
Project BOP07212
from ORANGE boundary to expected maximum
extent** of a 6.75 metre tsunami wave with expected
run-up to 13.5 metres for BOP WEST and;
of a 8.25 metre tsunami wave with expected run-up to
16.5 metres for BOP EAST.
inland boundary of RED to expected maximum
extent** of a 4 metre tsunami wave with expected
run-up to 8 metres from Waihi Beach to Otamarakau,
BOP WEST and;
of a 5 metre tsunami wave with expected run-up to 10
metres from Otamarakau to Cape Runaway, BOP EAST.
TARA ROAD
2
93
from regional average Mean High Water Spring*
(0.8958 m) line to 10 metres distance inland - Note: this
has been exaggerated for cartographic purposes
EVACUATION ZONES
90
TRUN K
MAIN
COAST
5816000N
20
0
20 0
D
OA
ER
ER
IHIR
WA
Omokoroa Beach
Omokoroa Point
32
33
72
D
RO
A
ROAD
34
SN
OD
GR
A
SS
20 0
71
10
0
ve
r
AN
A
TE PU
NA
Ri
ve
RO
AD
CLA
RK
E
IC
M
AR
C
oa
Ri
D
R
L
AE
H
TOTARA ST
M
AT
AK
ST
FR
AS
ER
MA
TA
PIH
IR
D
5836000N
ko
1869000E
Kait e ma
Wa
iroa
RD
10
0
AD
RO
AS
20 0
D
UR
NGIT
100
20 0
CO
UN
am
T
AS
TR
AKO
St
re
ua
10
0
t
Es
AD
HE
CK
EM
KAIT
10
0
LO
10
0
TA
AD
RO
200
0
10
10
0
AD
RO
0
20
PAR
TON
Hu
DE
RA
PA
95
er
18
AY
HW
H
UT
SO
D
EAST
Riv
PAGE
HIG
ga
10
5816000N
5
5827000N
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
1888000E
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1897000E
ME
HU
r an
E
IN
AR
M
A
RO
IN CASE OF EARTHQUAKE
GO TO HIGHER GROUND OR INLAND
1896000E
u
Ta
r
bou
Ha r
I
NU
GA
UN
MA
TSUNAMI HAZARD ZONE
100
0
10
Waimapu Stm
3.5
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT EVACUATION ZONES?
National standards for tsunami evacuation zones, as shown on the Tsunami Evacuation Zones map, use
three colour classifications; red, orange and yellow as shown below.
RED
ZONE
•
ORANGE
ZONE
Shore-exclusion zone
that can be designated
off limits during any
tsunami warning.
•
•
Zone that is likely to
experience inundation in
regional source tsunami
and large distant source
tsunami.
YELLOW
ZONE
•
Inundation is only
likely in large local
source tsunami.
•
Wave heights from
8.0 - 13.5m.
Wave heights up to 8m.
Figure 14: Understanding the different evacuation zones.
Tauranga City Council has developed a tool to search for your home, school, shopping centre and
friend’s houses to determine which zone they are located in.
To determine which zone you’re in, search for your address, click the Civil Defence tab and check the
Tsunami Evacuation Zones box at http://cityzoom.tauranga.govt.nz.
1. Enter address here
2. Click Civil defence tab
3. Check tsunami evcuation zones box
Figure 15: Cityzoom mapping tool to show tsunami evacuation zones
PAGE
19
TSUNAMI HAZARD ZONE
IN CASE OF EARTHQUAKE
GO TO HIGHER GROUND OR INLAND
4. WARNINGS
The reality of living in the beautiful coastal environment of the Tauranga area is exposure to and a
certain element of risk from natural hazards including tsunami. Knowing what to do and when to do it
could be the key to your survival.
The highest risk is from local source tsunami where travel times are very short (anywhere from a minute
to an hour). Responding to natural warning signs in the right way will help to ensure your survival. So,
what are they? Natural warning signs can include a strong earthquake (large enough to knock you off
your feet), an earthquake of long duration (> 1 minute) or noticing the sea level rising or falling suddenly.
Figure 16 below illustrates how much time you’re likely to have to react.
6+ hours
DISTANT
REGIONAL
LOCAL
3 hours
50 minutes
HIGHEST LAND THREAT
Formal warning unlikely
Natural warnings
High risk of widespread damage
Long term assistance may be
required
MODERATE LAND THREAT
Time for some warnings
Self managed, partial
evacuation
Increased risk of damage
Rapid return probable
LOWER LAND THREAT
Formal warnings
Formally managed, full
evacuation
Lower risk of damage
Rapid return likely
Figure 16: Local, Regional and Distant Tsunami Warning Timeframes
PAGE
20
TSUNAMI SURVIVE - THINK FEET, GET INLAND OR GET HIGH!
4.1
HOW DO TSUNAMI WARNINGS WORK?
The Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre is located in Hawaii and is governed by Pacific member countries
including New Zealand. They monitor an expansive seismic and sea level network in the Pacific and issue
tsunami bulletins based on the location and magnitudes of earthquakes only.
For more information on the Pacific Tsunami Warming Centre go to http://ptwc.weather.gov
GNS Science, through the GeoNet project, monitors New Zealand’s seismic and sea level networks. There
are currently 14 tsunami gauges along the New Zealand coastline, one in the Chatham Islands and two
in the Kermadec Islands.
For more information on the tsunami gauge network go to www.geonet.org.nz
The Ministry of Civil Defence & Emergency Management determines when official tsunami advisories or
warnings are issued to emergency managers and the public.
The National Tsunami Advisory and Warning Plan outlines how official tsunami warnings are issued in New
Zealand and in what situations.
A full copy of the National Tsunami Advisory and Warning Plan can be found at www.civildefence.govt.nz
4.2
WHAT WOULD THE OFFICIAL WARNINGS IN TAURANGA BE?
Under the Civil Defence Emergency Management Act 2002, a local authority must plan and provide
for civil defence emergency management within its district. That includes decisions made around when
to provide warnings and implement evacuations commencing at a national level and then being
implemented through regional and local roles.
Tauranga City Council is investing in sirens along the harbours edge and within coastal suburbs. The sirens
will be activated when confirmation of a tsunami has been received and an evacuation is going to be
likely.
Sirens will NOT be activated if the tsunami is not large enough to warrant an evacuation.
If you hear a tsunami siren, prepare for evacuation and turn on your radio to listen for more information.
All emergency warnings will be broadcast over the radio and television. The following radio frequencies
will be used to broadcast local messages:
National Radio: 101.0 FM and 819 AM
Newstalk ZB: 747 AM
Classic Hits: 95.0 FM
More FM: 93.4 FM
Radio Live: 1107 AM
The Sting is the Civil Defence alert tone that will be played on radio stations during a civil defence
emergency.
You can listen to the Sting under the Downloads tab at www.getthru.govt.nz
PAGE
21
TSUNAMI HAZARD ZONE
IN CASE OF EARTHQUAKE
GO TO HIGHER GROUND OR INLAND
5. WHO ELSE IS INVOLVED?
This section outlines how the multi-agency approach to emergency management will affect the
response to a tsunami in the Tauranga area. Although the following agencies work together to provide
assistance during emergencies, there could be very little warning time in a tsunami and people will need
to take action themselves as quickly as possible.
All agencies charged with responding to emergencies are as prepared as possible, often with duty
staff available 24 hours a day. However, even with this level of support available, agencies take time to
mobilise themselves and implement their plans. This time may not be available in a tsunami.
5.1
TAURANGA CITY COUNCIL
Tsunami Survive is a Tauranga City Council driven project owned by the local community.
The scope of Tsunami Survive is to develop a plan for the escape of a tsunami in Tauranga, Mount
Maunganui and Papamoa. It is specifically targeted toward local source tsunami and the actions
required from first awareness to an official response.
Tauranga City Council has worked collaboratively with both the local community and key stakeholders
to provide the foundation for this document.
Together with the Western Bay of Plenty District Council, Tauranga City Council assists in the local Civil
Defence structure that would form an official response once an emergency is declared.
5.2
BAY OF PLENTY CIVIL DEFENCE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT GROUP
The Bay of Plenty Civil Defence Emergency Management Group, which includes Tauranga City Council,
has the responsibility through the Civil Defence Emergency Management Act 2002 to reduce the risk,
lead the preparation of, respond to and recover from emergencies, both natural and man-made.
These actions are often considered the 4 R’s, reduction, readiness, response and recovery. They are
interconnected and help to create a resilient Bay of Plenty.
For more information on the Bay of Plenty Civil Defence Emergency Management Group go to the Group
Plan at www.bopcivildefence.govt.nz
5.3
NEW ZEALAND POLICE
New Zealand Police have an active role in all facets of an emergency, before, during and after a tsunami
event. They have a current business continuity plan in place to ensure their availability and effectiveness
in the event of a tsunami impacting the Tauranga coastline.
PAGE
22
TSUNAMI SURVIVE - THINK FEET, GET INLAND OR GET HIGH!
5.4
NEW ZEALAND FIRE SERVICE
The main focus for the New Zealand Fire Service would be securing their staff and resources to be
available to assist with the response after an event. However, the New Zealand Fire Service will assist the
Bay of Plenty Civil Defence Emergency Management Group and Police with controlled evacuations
where time allows it. The New Zealand Fire Service has an in depth plan in place for emergencies
including tsunami.
5.5
ST JOHN AMBULANCE SERVICE
St John Ambulance Service will assist with evacuations where possible and will be very active in the
response to a tsunami. A tsunami response plan is currently being developed for St John Ambulance
Service.
5.6
BAY OF PLENTY DISTRICT HEALTH BOARD
The Bay of Plenty District Health Board has a Health Emergency Plan in place that covers actions in a
tsunami.
Treatment of patients arriving by St John Ambulance Service or self presenting will be undertaken in
the Tauranga Hospital. However, patients are asked to seek advice from their GP, medical centres and
pharmacies in non-emergency situations as hospital services are likely to be at full capacity.
5.7
NEW ZEALAND DEFENCE FORCE
The New Zealand Defence Force has well established plans in place for emergency situations.
There is currently an Army Reserve Squadron located in Tauranga although military resources are
assigned at a national level from Wellington and there is no guarantee that this force will be available
during an emergency, particularly a tsunami situation where multiple areas of the country are likely to be
affected.
5.8
LIFELINE UTILITIES
Lifeline utilities provide infrastructure services to the community. These include water, wastewater,
transport, energy, fuel and telecommunications. Under the Civil Defence Emergency Management Act
2002, every lifeline utility must ensure that it is able to function to the fullest possible extent, even though
this may be at a reduced level, during and after an emergency.
Because of the way lifeline utility networks are connected, there may be properties in the safe zones that
have limited access to power, telephone, water and wastewater services.
For more information on Lifeline Utilities in the Bay of Plenty go to www.boplifelines.co.nz
PAGE
23
TSUNAMI HAZARD ZONE
IN CASE OF EARTHQUAKE
GO TO HIGHER GROUND OR INLAND
5.9
WELFARE AGENCIES
Welfare agencies are government and non-government organisations that work together to provide
aid to people directly affected by an emergency. This includes the provision of food, shelter, clothing,
financial assistance, psychosocial (psychological and social) support and extends throughout response
and recovery.
Welfare agencies plan and activate together on a regional basis through the Bay of Plenty Welfare
Advisory Group led by the Ministry of Social Development.
6. WHERE TO FROM HERE?
Being prepared for an emergency is about more than writing a plan. Tsunami Survive will need to be
implemented and publicised for it to be effective. The focus of this plan is about people understanding
warnings, both natural and official, and taking the appropriate action to save lives.
6.1
TAURANGA CITY COUNCIL
Possible Tauranga City Council actions to complement the Tsunami Survive plan based on cluster group
suggestions:
PAGE
24
•
Undertake a study to determine points of local vertical evacuation along the coastal strip and map them
•
Identify relationships that will help provide possible evacuation routes and places e.g. land owners,
building owners etc.
•
Public education programme to disseminate the information
•
Provide area specific (e.g. Matua, Tauranga CBD, Matapihi) local high point maps
•
Implement 6 monthly information updates to all households (particularly for new residents),
•
Establish a 6 monthly siren testing schedule (on day light saving weekends),
•
Implement annual community tsunami evacuation drills,
•
Create a future funding allocation submission and timetable for development, installation and
maintenance of tsunami evacuation route signage,
•
Draft a proposal of building works (e.g. foot bridges, gates) and requests received via the community
cluster groups to present to council,
•
Draft a proposal to paint blue lines across the roads around the inner harbour indicating tsunami
evacuation safe evacuation zones,
•
Sign post evacuation routes along the coastal strip,
•
Investigate Tauranga Eastern Link crossing options and map them,
•
Ongoing tsunami and Emergency Management information talks to interest groups,
•
Have all relevant information available on the internet,
•
Installation of continuous tone tsunami warning sirens
•
Development of pre-recorded radio and community announcement messages
TSUNAMI SURVIVE - THINK FEET, GET INLAND OR GET HIGH!
7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to thank and acknowledge the Community Cluster Group Facilitators or “mums and
dads”:
GROUP
FACILITATOR(S)
Mid City
Anne Lord
Bellevue
Barbara Cook and Naomi Kerepa
Tauranga City
Barry Somers
Concord
Terry Wynyard
Domain
Maree Newton
Domain & Pacific View
Lian Bruce
Evans
Jo Andrews
Girven
Vince Bethell
Golden Sands
Melanie Taylor and Bev Norris
Golf Rd
Cindi Feder
Greerton
James Jacobs
Greerton/ Bethlehem
Debbie Mills
Grenada
Richards Andrews
Hartford
Rob Whyte
Longview
Tracey Price and Steve Morris
Matua
Andrea Broatch, Kimberley Clealand and Warren Banks
Maungatapu
Eric Hussey and Michelle Roberts-Gray
Mount
Peter and Tracey Hickford
Otumoetai
Gerald McDonnell, Anthony Wilson and Lyn Manning
Palm Beach
Malcolm Poppe
Palm Springs
Cathy Booth and Angela Lum-Keeper
Parton Rd
Ivan Hunt and Jean McLennon
Topaz
Rebecca Crosby
Tweed
Deb Duvall
Welcome Bay
Geoff Booth and Erin Spence
PAGE
25
TSUNAMI HAZARD ZONE
IN CASE OF EARTHQUAKE
GO TO HIGHER GROUND OR INLAND
We would like to thank all registered members of Tsunami Survive.
Tauranga City Council is a member of the Bay of Plenty Civil Defence Emergency Management Group
Document creator: Debbie Chapman, AN2G Consultants
We would like to acknowledge and thank all involved Tauranga City Council staff.
Emergency Management Officer TCC – Barry Somers
Project Co-ordinator: Katharyn Roxburgh
Thank you to all contributing key stakeholders:
Bay of Plenty District Health Board
Bay of Plenty Lifelines Group
Western Bay Civil Defence
Department of Conservation
NZ Army – 6th Hauraki Battalion
NZ Police
NZ Fire Service
Port of Tauranga
St John Ambulance Service
Surf Life Saving New Zealand
Tauranga Airport
We would like to acknowledge the makers of ‘Tsunami Tendenko” Ben Harding & Donald Harding
PAGE
26
TSUNAMI SURVIVE - THINK FEET, GET INLAND OR GET HIGH!
APPENDIX 1
TSUNAMI SIREN ACTIVATION & WARNING MESSAGE GUIDELINES
Natural warning signs experienced
• Intense shaking
• Prolonged shaking
• Sea level changes
• Sea roaring
YES
NO
Reasonable risk of
a tsunami based on
credible information
National Warning - Potential threat to NZ
OR Threat to NZ
Issued by Ministry of Civil Defence and
Emergency Management
NO
Issue media
release and
radio message
YES
LAND THREAT
NO
MARINE AND
BEACH THREAT*
Activate sirens for
people to turn on their
radio and commence
evacuation
Appropriate warnings
issued at identified
locations e.g.boat
ramps
Issue media
release and
radio message
Issue media
release and
radio message
Reasonable public
awareness of an
event by other means
e.g. Pacific Tsunami
Warnign Centre or
informal messages
YES
NO
Issue media
release and
radio message
No further
action
required
*A marine and beach threat means, strong unusual currents are possible at the beach.
No land threat is expected at this time. 1
http://www.boprc.govt.nz/news-centre/media-releases/march-2011/tsunami-threat-tonew-zealand-marine-threat-confirmed-3/
1
PAGE
27
TSUNAMI HAZARD ZONE
IN CASE OF EARTHQUAKE
GO TO HIGHER GROUND OR INLAND
APPENDIX 2
SUMMARY OF COMMENTS OR SUGGESTIONS PROVIDED BY THE
COMMUNITY DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS DOCUMENT
The below comments and suggestions have been included to show the variety of issues that have been
highlighted through this process.
1.
Intermittent versus continuous siren, two different levels of alerting
2.
Local override for sirens if natural warning signs felt
3.
Text message alerting to all mobiles within the reach of certain towers
4.
Possibility of in-house siren system being available for purchase
5.
Basic exit routes and destinations should be in plan
6.
Maps to clearly indicate safe high ground displayed at various locations
7.
Cluster groups need a list of people in their area that may need help or support during an
emergency.
8.
Boardwalk/paths through farmland with lots of signage
9.
Roads should be reserved for elderly, disabled or emergency vehicles
10. No foot access out of Golden Sands area
11. Different tone or audio message through sirens to notify that it is safe or false alarm
12. Contour map showing safe height on hills that could be marked by small beacons
13. Council need to provide more crossings across the Wairakei Stream, approach land owners about
best way to cross their land in an emergency
14. Topography map of Matua showing the evacuation routes, road markings indicating preferred route
15. Identify muster stations, Tsunami Evacuation Meeting Points
16. Road to be created at the end of Emerald Shores Drive
17. Specific maps for each cluster group created showing high ground, walkways, safe buildings and
where local schools are going
18. No safe points in Papamoa East
19. Household allocated meeting point numbers (refer page 24 of cluster feedback)
20. Evacuation plans should include generic information on top half and family specific boxes to
complete on bottom half and should be included with rates, bills, in free newspapers and on
shopping bags
21. Evacuation route signage
22. Evacuation zone signage
23. Reminder signs – tsunami risk, tsunami sirens
24. Tsunami information boards
25. Sandwich boards showing “tsunami warning – go inland”
26. A number of potential build projects to increase access out of areas – footpaths, boardwalks, bridge
27. Roof rail and roof strengthening of key buildings such as Palm Beach Plaza, Library etc
PAGE
28
TSUNAMI SURVIVE - THINK FEET, GET INLAND OR GET HIGH!
OUR HOUSE
1.
Check everyone is okay – phone 111
if there is someone seriously injured
2.
Turn the radio on for information
3.
Check your neighbours/family
4.
Turn off electricity, water
5.
Listen to the radio
6.
Check water and food supplies are safe
7.
Check [name pets here….....................] are safe
8.
Keep listening to the radio for instructions
9.
Do we need to evacuate?
10.
RULES IN AN
EMERGENCY
If you do evacuate - leave this notice somewhere secure and visible to show
you have gone.
People to check on: [add other family members and neighbours names and
numbers here by magic marker]
Grab bags from: [write here where they are kept]
Evacuation Plan: [write here the key points of your own plan]
Household meeting place if we are not together:
Your cell phone number/s here:
PAGE
29
HOUSEHOLD EMERGENCY CHECKLIST
EMERGENCY SURVIVAL ITEMS
¨ Torch with spare batteries or a self-charging
torch
¨
¨
Radio with spare batteries
¨
¨
¨
¨
First aid kit and essential medicines
¨
Face and dust masks
Wind and waterproof clothing, sun hats, and
strong outdoor shoes
Blankets or sleeping bags
Pet supplies
Emergency toilet – toilet paper and large
rubbish bags
Check all batteries every 3 months
FOOD AND WATER FOR
3 DAYS OR MORE
¨ Non-perishable food (canned or dried food)
¨ Food, formula and drinks for babies and
small children
¨
Water (at least 3 litres per person, per day)
for drinking
¨
¨
¨
Water for washing and cooking
Fill
each bottle with tap water until it overflows.
Add five drops of household bleach per litre
of water (or half a teaspoon for 10 litres).
30
¨
¨
Torch and radio with spare batteries
¨
Emergency water and easy to carry food
rations
¨
¨
¨
Extra supplies of special dietary items
¨
Change of clothes (wind/waterproof
clothing and strong outdoor shoes)
¨
Toiletries – towel, soap, toothbrush, sanitary
items, toilet paper
¨
¨
¨
¨
Blankets or sleeping bags
A can opener
HOW TO STORE WATER
¨ Wash bottles thoroughly in hot water.
PAGE
Everyone in the house should have a packed
getaway kit in an easily accessible place which
includes:
Hearing aids and spare batteries, glasses or
mobility aids
First aid kit and essential medicines
For infants or young children – formula and
food, nappies
Face and dust masks
Pet supplies
Important documents:
¨
Identification (birth and marriage
certificates/driver’s licences and
passports)
¨
Financial (insurance policies and
mortgage)
¨
Precious family photos
A primus or gas barbeque to cook on
Consider stocking a two-week supply of food
and water for prolonged emergencies such as a
pandemic. Check and replace food and water
every twelve months.
¨
GETAWAY KITS
IF WE HAVE TO EVACUATE WE WILL:
¨ Take our Getaway Kit
¨ Turn off electricity and water
¨ Turn off gas only if we suspect a leak or if
asked to do so by the authorities
¨
Take our pets with us
Store in a cool dark place and replace the
water every 12 months
TSUNAMI SURVIVE - THINK FEET, GET INLAND OR GET HIGH!
PAGE
31
HOW TO ESCAPE A
TSUNAMI
If you feel a long or strong
earthquake, a tsunami may follow…
1
Drop, cover and hold
during an earthquake
2
Get Inland or Get High,
use local evacuation
route to a safe place
3
Stay in your safe place
until you’re given the
official all clear
KE
THE BEST WAY TO TA
PAGE
32
ER YOURSELF
S IS TO LOOK AFT
CARE OF LOVED ONE
TSUNAMI SURVIVE - THINK FEET, GET INLAND OR GET HIGH!