Chapter 2 !
Living Things p. 32!
1
Part A: !
Characteristics &
Needs of Organisms, !
Classification and
Naming of
Organisms
Vocabulary
organism!
• cell!
• unicellular!
• multicellular!
• autotroph!
• heterotroph!
• classification!
•
homeostasis!
• taxonomy!
• kingdom!
• species!
• prokaryote!
• eukaryote
•
Organism - !
any living thing
Characteristics of Organisms
1. Made of Cells!
!
2. Composed of the
Chemicals of Life!
!
3. Use Energy!
5
Characteristics of Organisms
4. Respond to Surroundings!
• stimuli causes response!
!
5. Grow and Develop!
!
6. Reproduce!
!
7. Release Waste
Cell - basic unit of all life
What kind
of cells are
these?
Unicellular - organism
consisting of one cell
What kind
of cell is
this?
Multicellular - organism
consisting of many cells
with specialized functions
Needs of Organisms
1. Water!
2. Food!
3. Living Space!
*Provides water, food, and
shelter!
4. Homeostasis - balanced state
of an organism’s life processes &
systems
10
• Autotroph
(“selffeeder”) - organisms that
make their own food!
Ex. Plants
!
Heterotroph (“other
feeder”) - organisms
that can’t make their
own food!
Ex. Most animals
•
Autotroph or Heterotroph?
Autotroph or Heterotroph?
Classifying Organisms
Classification - process of
grouping things based on their
similarities!
• Used to organize living things
into groups so that the
organisms are easier to study!
!
!
15
Taxonomy - !
the science of how
living things are
classified and named
•
•
•
The naming of organisms using
binomial nomenclature -!
“two names”!
Carolus Linneaus (Carl von
Linne) - 1750s, Swedish
naturalist, devised system still
used today!
Each organism has a unique
two-part scientific name in Latin
based on observations about
that organism
Levels of !
Scientific Classification
Two Domains!
• Eukaryote - organism with
cells that have a nucleus!
!
• Prokaryote
- organism
whose cells lack a nucleus
18
Levels of !
Scientific Classification
• Eukaryote Examples!
1. Protist - amoeba!
2. Fungus - mold!
3. Plants!
4. Animals
Levels of !
Scientific Classification
• Prokaryote
!
Bacteria !
Example!
Eukaryote or
Prokaryote?
Scientific Naming
1. Kingdom!
2. Phylum!
3. Class!
4. Order !
5. Family!
6. Genus!
7. Species
22
Kingdom - largest group
into which organisms are
classified!
!
Species - organisms that
naturally reproduce to
make more offspring
What’s in a Scientific Name?
•
•
•
•
Genus and species are always used
for an organism’s scientific name. !
Genus is the first name - always
capitalized. Species is the last
name - NEVER capitalized.!
It is always written in italics in
Latin.!
Some organisms have 3 names subspecies
24
What’s in a Scientific Name?
Example: Domestic dog!
!
!
!
!
Canis familiaris!
or!
Canis lupus familiaris