Intro. to Chem and Physics Final Exam Zumbo Name______________________________________ Date:_________________ Earn an A! Part I. Math Skills. 1. Convert 0.05 kilograms to grams. 2. Convert 180 seconds to deciseconds. 3. Convert 650 milligrams to centigrams. 4. Write 82 000 cm in scientific notation. 5. Write 2.6 x 10-­‐5 g in long form. 6. Indicate how many significant figures are in each of the following numbers. a. 3.2 b. 18.0 c. 0.000068 d. 3.2 x 103 1 Intro. to Chem and Physics Final Exam Zumbo 7. Calculate 8.1 m × 5.72 m, and write the answer with the correct unit and the correct number of significant figures. 8. Calculate 5.1 s + 3.112 s, and write the answer with the correct unit and the correct number of significant figures. 9. If a liquid has a volume of 62.1 cm3 and a mass of 48.1 g, what is its density? Write the answer with the correct unit and the correct number of significant figures. 10. A piece of titanium has a density of 20.1 g/mL and a volume of 5.20 mL. What is the mass of this piece of metal? Write the answer with the correct unit and the correct number of significant figures. 11. The density of a piece of brass is 8.4 g/cm3. If the mass of the brass is 510. g, what is the volume of the brass? Write the answer with the correct unit and the correct number of significant figures. 12. 2.2 L of hydrogen at 6.5 atm is used to fill a balloon to a final pressure of 1.15 atm. What is the balloon’s final volume? Write the answer with the correct unit and the correct number of significant figures.
2 Intro. to Chem and Physics Final Exam Zumbo 13. What is the mass in grams of each of the following substances? a) 3.5 mol of potassium, K b) 7.2 mol of ammonia, NH3 14. How many moles are present in each of the following substances? a) 300 g of zinc, B b) 200 g of carbon monoxide, CO 15. What is the molarity of a solution containing 2.0 moles of sodium chloride, NaCl, in 4.0 L of solution? 16. Calculate the molarity of a solution that contains 40.0 grams of barium chloride, BaCl2, dissolved in 1.5 L of solution. 17. How many moles of lithium chloride, LiCl, are dissolved in 5.00 L of a 1.820 M solution of lithium chloride? 3 Intro. to Chem and Physics Final Exam Zumbo 18. Determine the pH of an aqueous solution when the concentration of hydronium ion is 5.0 x 10-­‐4 M. 19. Calculate the hydronium ion, H3O+, concentration of a solution with a pH of 7.0. Bonus. Find the empirical formula of 125 g of an unknown compound consisting of 75.0% carbon C and 25.0% hydrogen H. Step 1. Convert percent to grams. a. C b. H Step 2. Convert grams to moles. a. C, molar mass = 12.0 g/mol b. H, molar mass = 1.0 g/mol Which element has the least number of moles? _______________ Step 3. Divide each molar value by the least number of moles. a. C b. H What is the empirical formula of the unknown compound? _______________ 4 Intro. to Chem and Physics Final Exam Zumbo Part II. Definitions. Define any 40 terms. 1. Chemistry. 2. Matter. 3. Element. 4. Atom. 5. Compound. 6. Physical change. 7. Chemical change. 8. Energy. 9. Kinetic energy. 5 Intro. to Chem and Physics Final Exam Zumbo 10. Temperature. 11. Endothermic change. 12. Exothermic change. 13. Law of conservation of mass. 14. Law of conservation of energy. 15. Bond length. 16. Bond angle. 17. Bond energy. 18. Energy level. 19. Orbital. 6 Intro. to Chem and Physics Final Exam Zumbo 20. Valence Electron. 21. Ion. 22. Cation. 23. Anion. 24. Polyatomic ion. 25. Atomic number. 26. Mass number. 27. Isotope. 28. Period. 29. Group. 7 Intro. to Chem and Physics Final Exam Zumbo 30. Empirical formula. 31. Molecular formula. 32. Reactant. 33. Product. 34. Endothermic reaction. 35. Exothermic reaction. 36. Catalyst. 37. Inhibitor. 38. Enzyme. 39. Chemical equilibrium. 8 Intro. to Chem and Physics Final Exam Zumbo 40. Le Châtelier’s principle. 41. Solute. 42. Solvent. 43. Polar compound. 44. Nonpolar compound. 45. Hydrogen bonding. 46. Solubility. 47. Concentration. 48. Unsaturated. 49. Saturated. 9 Intro. to Chem and Physics Final Exam Zumbo 50. Supersaturated. 51. Acid. 52. Base. 53. pH. 54. Radioactivity. 55. Nuclear radiation. 56. Nuclear Decay. 57. Beta Decay. 58. Half-­‐life. 59. Nuclear fission. 10 Intro. to Chem and Physics Final Exam Zumbo 60. Nuclear fusion. Bonus. Define as many more terms as you’d like. Part III. Short answers, tables and plots. 1. Complete the following table. Property Physical or chemical? nonflammable reacts with oxygen is a liquid less dense than air conducts electricity 2. Label each state of matter. Draw an arrow at the x-­‐axis indicating the direction in which energy increases. For each state of matter, state the bond strength, and indicate what the bond strength means with respect to the movement of atoms. 11 Intro. to Chem and Physics Final Exam Zumbo 3. In the following table, indicate whether each state of matter has the property on the left (for compressibility, indicate relative degree of). solid liquid gas definite shape definite volume compressibility 4. Name the gas law which fulfills the below plot. What relationship is the plot expressing? 12 Intro. to Chem and Physics Final Exam Zumbo 5. Label each indicated component of the atom below. 6. Which is the smallest: proton, neutron, or electron? 7. List the four major points of the kinetic theory of matter. • • • • 13 Intro. to Chem and Physics Final Exam Zumbo 8. State the five major points from Dalton’s atomic theory. • • • • • 9. What did Bohr say about electrons? 10. List four main ideas in modern atomic theory. • • • • 11. Why is the charge of an unreacted atom neutral? 12. A calcium atom loses 2 electrons. Fill in the product with the correct charge. !" !"#$# !!!
_______ 13. A bromide atom gains an electron. Write the product with the correct charge. !" !"#$% !!
_______ 14. Write the chemical formula for the ionic compound, aluminum fluoride. 15. Name the following ionic compound, Li2S. 14 Intro. to Chem and Physics Final Exam Zumbo 16. Write the chemical formula for the covalent compound, hydrogen iodide. 17. Name the following covalent compound, CO. 18. Define the three major bond types. What is each bond formed between? • • • 20. For each of the following reactions, draw the product. When necessary, label each resultant ion with the correct charge. a. +
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15 Intro. to Chem and Physics Final Exam Zumbo c. !"
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21. Balance the following equations and indicate the type of reaction taking place (synthesis, decomposition combustion, single-­‐
displacement, double-­‐displacement, or acid-­‐base). a. ____ C + ____ O2 à ____ CO2 Type of reaction: ____________________ b. ____ NaBr + ____ H3PO4 à ____ Na3PO4 + ____ HBr Type of reaction: ____________________ c. ____ C2H4 + ____ O2 à ____ CO2 + ____ H2O Type of reaction: ____________________ d. ____ PbSO4 à ____ PbSO3 + ____ O Type of reaction: ____________________ e. ____ HCl + ____ NaOH à ____ NaCl + ____ H2O Type of reaction: ____________________ f. ____ Mg + ____ Fe2O3 à ____ Fe + ____ MgO Type of reaction: ____________________ 16 Intro. to Chem and Physics Final Exam Zumbo 22. Name 6 factors that affect the rate of a reaction. a. b. c. d. e. f. 23. The following diagrams display the general form of either an exothermic or endothermic reaction. Label each diagram appropriately. 17 Intro. to Chem and Physics Final Exam Zumbo 24. Write the appropriate charges on the water molecule below, and explain why the individual H—O bonds are very polar. 24. Explain what happens when sodium chloride, NaCl, dissolves in water. Why does this occur? 25. What is the difference between a strong acid/base and a weak acid/base? 26. Label acid, base, and neutral on the below diagram. 27. What are the four types of nuclear radiation? •
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18 Intro. to Chem and Physics Final Exam Zumbo 28. Bismuth decays by releasing an alpha particle. Solve for A, Z, and X. !"!
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!"!" → ! ! + !!" 29. Complete the attached concept map. Bonus. Examine the following heating curve. Append each state of matter to the chart. For each phase change (s → l, l → g, g → l, and l → s), indicate whether energy is absorbed or released. End of Exam Bonus. Briefly answer each question. a. Do you think your know more chemistry now than when you started? b. Do you like chemistry more, less, or the same as when you started? 19 Intro. to Chem and Physics Final Exam Zumbo c. What was your favorite topic out of the whole course? Why? d. What was your least favorite topic? Why? e. Is there anything you would change about this course? If so, what? f. What if all of life (you, your family, your relationships, love, your feelings and emotions, the train, etc.) were merely just interactions between different atoms – do you believe this? How would you feel about this? g. What summer school really that bad? J Overall, the last 5 weeks have been fun – the pleasure was largely mine. Thanks for being a good group, enjoy the rest of your summer, and good luck in chemistry and in school next year. 20