The Kellogg-Briand pact
How did the Kellogg-Briand pact affect the world situation in the
interwar years?
Multilateral
Vocab
Bilateral
Nonaggression pact
Aristide Briand
Frank B. Kellogg
Background
- France wanted to guarantee a friendship between France and US
- US internationalists were disappointed after the US not signing the Treaty of
Versailles in 1920
-
Wanted a multilateral pact to prevent war
- Other countries of the world wanted peace
What happened?
The French foreign minister, Aristide Briand, suggested a pact that prevents
aggression between the US and France, a bilateral nonaggression pact, to the
US.
US Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg was less eager because they worried
that the pact could serve as an alliance and require the United States to
intervene if France was ever threatened.
Therefore, they suggested that the two nations should invite all nations to
join them and outlaw war. This resulted 1928 in the Kellogg-Briand Pact.
This pact, which after a while almost all countries of the world signed, said
that that countries should not use war to solve any "disputes or conflicts of
whatever nature or of whatever origin they may be, which may arise among
them”, and that parties failing to abide by this promise "should be denied of
the benefits furnished by this treaty."
Video
Context
- The great depression - 1929
-
Countries close their borders and care less about other countries’ affairs
- People are afraid after the great war, and therefore allow war as an option in
self-defence
-
“Blurred lines”
What did this mean for the League of Nations?
The Pact showed that people were not happy with the League of Nations in fact they,
kindly accepted this idea of a multilateral protection pact where no country were
excluded. Because of people’s dislike, it caused the League lose countries trust which
ended with losing power and efficiency.
This proves that the League was a failure, it wasn’t doing its designated job.
Effect on the world situation
- Started rehabilitation of Germany
-
Was not excluded
- In contrast to League of Nations
Gave them a position as a fully participating nation
- Tried to keep lasting peace
-
-
Failed
“Silent wars”
- Mukden incident 1931
- The Italian invasion of Abyssinia in 1935
- Start of the Winter War 1939
- WW2
The basis for the crime against peace and the Nuremberg trials in 1945-46
Pictures:
Bibliography
The Great Depression. 1929. Pinterest.com. By Lisa Trader.
Web. 11 Oct. 2016.
Armistice Day and War. 1919. Factfile.org. Web. 11 Oct.
2016.
"The Kellogg-Briand Pact” U.S. Department of State.
U.S. Department of State, n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2016.
Source E. 1933. Johndclare.com. Comp. John D. Clare. Web.
11 Oct. 2016.
"Kellogg-Briand Pact." Encyclopedia Britannica Online.
Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2016.
Aristide Briand The Hero- Wikipedia 18 September 2016,
Web. 13 Oct 2016
"Kellogg–Briand Pact." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation,
18 Sept. 2016. Web. 13 Oct. 2016.
Portrait of Frank B. Kellogg - Wikipedia 16 February 2014
Web. 13 oct 2016
Videos:
27th August: The Kellogg Briand Pact Is Signed. Prod. Scott
Allsop. Perf. Scott Allsop. Youtube. N.p., 23 Aug. 2015. Web.
18 Oct. 2016.