STATE FUNDING FOR THE BISHOP
Joyce D. Kahane
Rescarchcr
Report No. 2, 1988
Legislativc Reference Bureau
State C:apitol, Room 004
Honolulu, Hawaii 96813
FOREWORD
T h i s s t u d y on t h e B i s h o p Museum was p r e p a r e d i n response t o Senate
C o n c u r r e n t Resolution No. 56, adopted d u r i n g t h e 1987 l e g i s l a t i v e session.
Senate C o n c u r r e n t Resolution No. 56 r e q u e s t e d t h a t t h e B u r e a u s t u d y
t h e f e a s i b i l i t y o f d e s i g n a t i n g t h e Bishop Museum as t h e State Museum f o r
N a t u r a l a n d C u l t u r a l H i s t o r y w i t h an annual l i n e item a p p r o p r i a t i o n f o r t h e
o p e r a t i o n of t h e Museum, a n d t o c o n s i d e r s t a t e a c q u i s i t i o n o f Museum r e a l
estate p r o p e r t i e s t h a t a r e o f c u l t u r a l a n d h i s t o r i c s i g n i f i c a n c e t o t h e State.
T h e s t u d y p r i m a r i l y focusses on t h e q u e s t i o n of s t a t e f u n d i n g t o t h e Museum.
We e x t e n d o u r s i n c e r e a p p r e c i a t i o n t o B i s h o p Museum s t a f f a n d
a d m i n i s t r a t i o n f o r t h e i r g r a c i o u s cooperation a n d assistance t h r o u g h o u t t h e
course o f t h i s s t u d y .
We also w i s h t o acknowledge a d m i n i s t r a t o r s o f Hawaii s t a t e d e p a r t m e n t s
a n d agencies, a n d s t a t e agencies, museum organizations, a n d museums a r o u n d
t h e n a t i o n who r e s p o n d e d t h o u g h t f u l l y t o o u r q u e s t i o n n a i r e s a n d p r o v i d e d us
w i t h v a l u a b l e information a n d h e l p .
SAMUEL 8 . K . CHANG
Director
J a n u a r y 1988
T A B L E OF CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD
1.
2.
...
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
....................................................
1
Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Organization of t h e Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
BACKGROUND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
INTRODUCTION
2
4
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
State Financing of Museums i n t h e U n i t e d States . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
T h e Smithsonian I n s t i t u t i o n : A P u b l i c - P r i v a t e P a r t n e r s h i p . . . .
Facilities. A c t i v i t i e s . a n d Finances o f Selected Museums . . . . . . . . 15
A t t i t u d e s of Museum A d m i n i s t r a t o r s T o w a r d Museum F u n d i n g . . 30
3.
4.
..............................................
36
Brief History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government Repository . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
S t r u c t u r e a n d Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
F a c ~ l ~ t ~. .e.s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A c t i v i t i e s o f t h e Museum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Collections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Public Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information Resource f o r t h e Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government F u n d i n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waipi'o Valley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36
37
38
41
41
41
42
43
44
45
47
50
54
T H E BISHOP MUSEUM
PERCEIVED C O N T R I B U T I O N OF T H E BISHOP MUSEUM
T O T H E S T A T E OF HAWAII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department of A g r i c u l t u r e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department o f t h e A t t o r n e y General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department o f Business a n d Economic Development . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department o f Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department o f L a n d and N a t u r a l Resources D i v i s i o n
o f H i s t o r i c Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department o f T r a n s p o r t a t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State Foundation on C u l t u r e a n d t h e A r t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U n i v e r s i t y o f Hawaii Center f o r O r a l H i s t o r y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U n i v e r s i t y o f Hawaii Department of A n t h r o p o l o g y . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U n i v e r s i t y o f Hawaii Department of l n d o - P a c i f i c Languages . . . .
U n i v e r s i t y o f Hawaii Department of L i n g u i s t i c s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U n i v e r s i t y o f Hawaii Music Department . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U n i v e r s i t y o f Hawaii Press . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U n i v e r s i t y o f Hawaii School of Hawaiian. Asian. a n d
. .
P a c t f ~ cStudies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U n i v e r s i t y o f Hawaii Social Science Research I n s t i t u t e . . . . . . . . . .
. .
Unidenttfied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.
FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
62
63
63
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
64
69
FOOTNOTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Exhibits
1.
Smithsonian O p e r a t i n g E x p e n d i t u r e s . b y Source 1847-1976
. . . . . . . . . . 16
Percent o f Smithsonian O p e r a t i n g E x p e n d i t u r e s .
by Source 1847-1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Facilities:
1971 a n d 1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exhibitions:
1971 a n d 1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General A c t i v i t i e s :
Role o f Research
1971 a n d 1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
23
24
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1970 a n d 1986
Number of S t a f f a n d Salary Ranges:
Sources of income:
19
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1970 a n d 1986. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
......................................
28
N a t u r e o f Government Funding. 1987
..............................
29
B i s h o p Museum Corporate Leadership
..............................
39
................................
40
Expenditures:
1970 a n d 1986
B i s h o p Museum Organizational C h a r t
State C o n t r i b u t i o n t o E x p e n d i t u r e s o f t h e B i s h o p Museum
State C o n t r i b u t i o n t o Income o f t h e B i s h o p Museum
. . . . . . . . . . 52
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Appendices
A . Senate C o n c u r r e n t Resolution No . 56. Senate. F o u r t e e n t h
Legislature. 1987 Regular Session. State o f Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
73
........................
75
............................
83
B . B e r n i c e P . Bishop Museum
C.
.
Deed o f T r u s t
B i s h o p Museum C h a r t e r of I n c o r p o r a t i o n
D. Bishop Museum Amended Charter
E.
Bishop Museum Press:
of Incorporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
93
Annotated Catalog of Books
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
and Series in Print, 1988
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Senate C o n c u r r e n t Resolution No. 56 (see A p p e n d i x A ) requests t h a t t h e
Legislative Reference B u r e a u " c o n d u c t a f e a s i b i l i t y s t u d y on d e s i g n a t i n g t h e
B e r n i c e P.
Bishop Museum as t h e State Museum f o r N a t u r a l a n d C u l t u r a l
H i s t o r y w i t h a l i n e item a p p r o p r i a t i o n o f an annual p u b l i c c o n t r i b u t i o n f o r t h e
operation of t h e Hawaii State Museum a n d f u r t h e r ,
acquisition,
b y t h e State o f
Hawaii,
o f those
t h a t t h e s t u d y consider
Bishop
Museum
real
estate
p r o p e r t i e s t h a t a r e o f c u l t u r a l a n d h i s t o r i c a l significance t o t h e people o f
Hawaii."
T h e Resolution states t h e Bishop Museum would b e a more stable
a n d p r o d u c t i v e educational a n d s c i e n t i f i c i n s t i t u t i o n if such p u b l i c f u n d s were
made available,
a n d p o i n t s o u t t h a t t h e Bishop Museum c o n t r i b u t e s t o t h e
p u b l i c because:
(1)
Specimens
architectural,
and
objects
historical,
of
natural,
botanical,
ethnological,
a n d archaeological value o r
interest are
t r a n s f e r r e d t o t h e Bishop Museum, p u r s u a n t t o section 6E-6,
Hawaii
Revised Statutes;
(2)
T h e Bishop Museum is a r i c h r e s e r v o i r o f educational resources f o r
Hawaii's s t u d e n t s ;
(3)
The
Bishop
Museum conducts
region a n d these studies
research
programs
help preserve t h e arts,
in
the
Pacific
artifacts,
and
biological specimens of t h e Pacific; a n d
(4)
T h e s c i e n t i f i c research conducted b y t h e Bishop Museum on animals,
plants,
and
institutions
cultures
throughout
of
the
the
Pacific
world,
i n t e r n a t i o n a l a t t e n t i o n on Hawaii.
is
and
beneficial
this
to
research
research
focuses
STATE FUNDING FOR THE BISHOP MUSEUM
The
Resolution o f f e r s
government
and
the
Washington,
D.C.,
as a model f o r t h e
Bishop
an
Museum,
educational
the
and
relationship between state
Smithsonian
scientific
Institution
institution
founded
in
and
operated u n d e r t h e concept o f p u b l i c - p r i v a t e p a r t n e r s h i p .
T h e issue o f state s u p p o r t f o r t h e Bishop Museum is n o t a new one.
response t o legislative requests,
two reports entitled:
t h e Legislative Reference B u r e a u p u b l i s h e d
Feasibility S t u d y :
State A c q u i s i t i o n o f Bishop Museum'
a n d Financial V i c i s s i t u d e s o f t h e B e r n i c e P.
1973,
respectively.
Bishop Museum,'
i n 1972 and
T h e 1972 s t u d y concluded t h a t "state acquisition o f t h e
Museum is n o t a v i a b l e option a t t h i s t i m e . .
..
t h a n g o v e r n m e n t a c q u i s i t i o n o f B i s h o p Museum,
Financial assistance,
rather
appears t o b e a p r a c t i c a l and
feasible method b y w h i c h t h e State of Hawaii c o u l d s u p p o r t a p a r t o f
responsibility
in
In
the
area
of
providing
museum
services..
..
its
Financial
assistance t o Bishop Museum c o u l d enable i t t o p l a y a g r e a t e r role as t h e
institution f o r
t h e learning,
preservation,
a n d presentation o f t h e u n i q u e
c u l t u r e a n d h e r i t a g e o f t h e c h i l d r e n o f Hawaii".'
Methodology
I n o r d e r t o determine w h e t h e r
it would
b e feasible t o establish t h e
Bishop Museum as t h e State Museum f o r N a t u r a l a n d C u l t u r a l H i s t o r y w i t h an
annual l i n e item appropriation,
a n d f o r t h e State t o a c q u i r e c e r t a i n Bishop
Museum real estate p r o p e r t i e s , it was decided t o gain a b r o a d p e r s p e c t i v e o n
museums;
learn
about
the funding
o f museums i n o t h e r states,
concept o f t h e p u b l i c - p r i v a t e museum p a r t n e r s h i p ;
w o r k i n g s o f t h e B i s h o p Museum,
better
and t h e
understand
the
i n r e l a t i o n t o o t h e r museums i n t h e nation;
a n d examine t h e c o n t r i b u t i o n of t h e Bishop Museum t o t h e State of Hawaii.
T h e emphasis of t h e s t u d y , as i n Senate C o n c u r r e n t Resolution No. 56, was
on t h e question o f state f i n a n c i a l s u p p o r t t o t h e Museum.
Accordingly,
following:
the
principal
data
gathering
a c t i v i t i e s consisted of t h e
INTRODUCTION
(1)
Review of
c e r t a i n p r i n t e d materials on museums,
a n d attempts t o
locate i n f o r m a t i o n on government f u n d i n g t o museums i n t h e U n i t e d
States;
(2)
Investigation
of
the
concept
of
the
public-private
museum
p a r t n e r s h i p a n d t h e w o r k i n g s o f t h e Smithsonian I n s t i t u t i o n ;
( 3 ) S u r v e y of selected museums in o t h e r states;
( 3 ) I n t e r v i e w s w i t h Bishop Museum administration,
trustees,
a n d staff,
a n d o t h e r s concerned about t h e B i s h o p Museum; a n d
(5)
Survey
of
selected
state departments
a n d agencies t o assess t h e
c o n t r i b u t i o n s of t h e B i s h o p Museum t o t h e State.
Organization of the Report
T h e r e p o r t is p r e s e n t e d as follows:
Chapter 1 introduces t h e r e p o r t
C h a p t e r 2 p r o v i d e s an o v e r v i e w o f museums i n t h e nation, discusses t h e
Smithsonian
Institution
and
its
public-private
partnership,
Bishop Museum w i t h selected museums i n t h e nation,
compares
the
a n d discusses a t t i t u d e s
t o w a r d state f u n d i n g o f museums.
C h a p t e r 3 describes t h e Bishop Museum.
C h a p t e r 4 p r e s e n t s p e r c e p t i o n s of c e r t a i n s t a t e departments a n d agencies
r e g a r d i n g t h e Bishop Museum's c o n t r i b u t i o n t o t h e State o f Hawaii.
C h a p t e r 5 r e p o r t s t h e f i n d i n g s a n d recommendations of t h e L e g i s l a t i v e
Reference Bureau.
Chapter 2
BACKGROUND
Overview
Definition,
organized
and
Functions,
a n d F i n a n c i n g o f t h e Museum.
permanent
nonprofit
institution,
A museum is "an
essentially
educational
or
aesthetic i n purpose, w i t h professional staff, which owns a n d utilizes t a n g i b l e
objects,
cares f o r them a n d e x h i b i t s them t o t h e p u b l i c on some r e g u l a r
schedule".'
Museums a r e t h e t r u s t e d g u a r d i a n s o f these objects,
t h e aggregate, create a permanent r e c o r d of t h e w o r l d ' s c u l t u r a l ,
which i n
scientific,
a n d n a t u r a l heritage.
T h e t h r e e f u n c t i o n s o f museums a r e collection,
and museums d i f f e r
i n t h e balance t h e y
have o f
research, a n d education,
these
functions.'
The
collections a r e what d i s t i n g u i s h museums f r o m o t h e r research a n d educational
institutions.
knowledge,
Research a c t i v i t y , t h a t is, t h e use of t h e collections t o advance
allows t h e meaning o f t h e museum objects t o be understood, a n d
b r i n g s t h e museum collection t o l i f e .
As educational i n s t i t u t i o n s , museums attempt t o stimulate t h e imagination,
sharpen powers o f observation,
Museums
encourage
w o r l d views,
a n d broaden t h e horizons of
an appreciation o f o t h e r societies,
animal a n d p l a n t life,
the
public.
o t h e r times,
a n d a r t i s t i c expression,
other
a n d p l a y an
important p a r t i n t h e l i f e l o n g process o f education t h a t does n o t t a k e place
w i t h i n a formal school s t r u c t u r e o r i n p u r s u i t of an academic degree.
The
main business o f museums may b e s a i d t o b e h e l p i n g t h e p u b l i c t o e n r i c h
t h e i r lives.
Broad-based financial s u p p o r t has developed w i t h government, business,
foundations,
i n d i v i d u a l s , a n d museums c o n t r i b u t i n g t o s u p p o r t museums.
A
s u r v e y of museums i n t h e U n i t e d States conducted i n 1979 b y t h e I n s t i t u t e o f
BACKGROUND
h4useum Services,
demonstrated t h a t of
n e a r l y $1 b i l l i o n
in
total
museum
o p e r a t i n g income:
(I)
6 . 9 p e r c e n t was f r o m t h e f e d e r a l government;
(2)
12.4 p e r c e n t was f r o m state governments;
(3)
18.7 p e r c e n t was f r o m local governments;
(4)
21.3 p e r
cent
was
from
individual
contributions,
memberships,
corporations, foundations, a n d o t h e r p r i v a t e sources;
(5)
26.5
per
cent
was
from
admission
fees,
gift
shop
sales,
and
r e s t a u r a n t income; a n d
(6)
14.2 p e r c e n t was f r o m n o n o p e r a t i n g sources such as investments
a n d endowments.
As
shown above,
almost half
p r i v a t e c o n t r i b u t i o n s a n d museum revenues totalled
of t h e amount o f museum s u p p o r t
i n t h e United
States,
and
f u n d i n g f r o m local a n d state governments p r o v i d e d about o n e - t h i r d o f t h e i r
income.
'
T h e most p r e s s i n g financial needs o f museums a r e c u r r e n t l y f o r general
o p e r a t i n g costs a n d t h e development o f endowments f o r o p e r a t i n g expenses;
t h e c a r e a n d organization o f collections;
difficult
for
museums
a d m i n i s t r a t i v e expenses,
to
obtain
It is more
a n d capital expenses."
funding
such as p e s t c o n t r o l
for
museum
operating
and u t i l i t y costs,
and
than f o r
specific h i g h l y v i s i b l e p r o j e c t s .
O f t h e approximately 5,000
formally
museums in t h e nation, 650 a r e accredited,
i n d i c a t i n g t h e i r professional ~ r e d i b i l i t y . ~O f t h e l a t t e r ,
a b o u t 3 0 p e r cent,
are s t r i c t l y government-run and supported.
199,
or
The Director
o f A c c r e d i t a t i o n o f t h e American Association of Museums estimated t h a t t h e
STATE FUNDING FOR THE B I S H O P MUSEUM
of
number
museums
which
receive
p r o b a b l y ciose t o 80 p e r cent,
Museums
requesting
governments,
as
appropriations.
support
a l t h o u g h no e x a c t
government
they
regular
funding
compete w i t h
must
other
As one o b s e r v e r p u t i t ,
from
figures
justify
a r e measured a g a i n s t
such
b e t t e r schools o r p u b l i c housing,
story of old--that
quality of life".
were
their
organizations
for
is
a~ailabie.~
requests
limited
to
budget
" R e t u r n o n i n v e s t m e n t i s t h e name
of t h e game h i s t o r i c a l agencies h a v e been f o r c e d t o learn,
services
government
public
needs
as
because when t h e i r
road
improvement o r
h i s t o r i c a l agencies m u s t elaborate on t h e i r
t h e y p r e s e r v e t h e h e r i t a g e of t h e s t a t e a n d i m p r o v e t h e
'
A l o n g these lines,
a s t u d y c o n d u c t e d f o r t h e U n i t e d States Congress o n
t h e a t t r a c t i v e n e s s o f c i t i e s f o r p r o s p e c t i v e businesses f o u n d t h a t t h e q u a l i t y
of
life
was
more
important
business-related factors,
c u l t u r a l amenities,
t o expanding
such as t a x
relocating firms
rates a n d l a b o r c o s t s . '
than
were
Museums,
as
a r e said t o h e l p make t h e i r communities more p l e a s i n g t o
l i v e i n a n d enable communities t o a t t r a c t ,
a n d investment,
and
and t h e t o u r i s t dollar.
hold,
a n d stimulate b u s i n e s s t a l e n t
I n t h i s way, museums may c o n t r i b u t e
t o t h e economic development o f t h e l o c a l i t y . '
State F i n a n c i n g of Museums in t h e U n i t e d States
I n o r d e r t o g a i n a more e x p a n s i v e p e r s p e c t i v e of g o v e r n m e n t f u n d i n g o f
museums,
the
Association
of
Bureau
contacted
Museums,
the
organizations
such
as
the
American
National Assembly o f State A r t Agencies,
the
National Endowment f o r t h e A r t s , t h e American Association o f State a n d Local
History,
State
Governments,
However,
was
t h e Smithsonian I n s t i t u t i o n Museum Reference C e n t e r , t h e C o u n c i l o f
systematic
virtually
and
the
National
information
unavailable.
Conference
regarding
Therefore,
of
government
the
Bureau
State
Legislatures.
s u p p o r t t o museums
surveyed
research b u r e a u s a n d regional museum o r g a n i z a t i o n s i n 49 states
state
museum
funding
responses f r o m 42 states,
in
their
respective
states.
The
Bureau
o r 86 p e r c e n t o f t h e states s u r v e y e d .
legislative
regarding
received
BACKGROUND
T h e B u r e a u f o u n d t h a t m o r e t h a n half of t h e s e s t a t e s h a v e a t l e a s t o n e
s t a t e - o p e r a t e d m u s e u m , a n d t h e s t a t e p r o v i d e d in t h e r a n g e of 20 t o 100 p e r
c e n t of t h e m u s e u m ' s income.
f u n d i n g t o p r i v a t e museums,
o f t e n b e c a u s e of
O v e r half of t h e s t a t e s d o not g i v e line item
nor f o r that matter t o private organizations,
s t a t e constitutional prohibitions.
Many of t h e r e s p o n d e n t s
e x p l a i n e d t h a t t h e i r s t a t e f u n d e d m u s e u m s b y g r a n t s o r p u r c h a s e of
contracts
included:
through
a
state
agency.
Statements
from
the
service
questionnaires
l0
Ours i s a museum i n a s t a t e u n i v e r s i t y and a s s u c h i s funded
e n t i r e l y by t h e s t a t e l e g i s l a t u r e ' s a p p r o p r i a t i o n t o t h e u n i v e r s i t y .
A p o r t i o n o f t h a t o p e r a t i n g budget i s d e s i g n a t e d by t h e u n i v e r s i t y
a d m i n i s t r a t i o n t o t h e museum f o r s u p p l i e s and s e r v i c e s , s a l a r i e s ,
p a r t - t i m e l a b o r , c a p i t a l e x p e n s e s . and a c q u i s i t i o n s .
Our C o n s t i t u t i o n p r o h i b i t s g r a t u i t i e s t o p r i v a t e o r g a n i z a t i o n s ,
and t h e s t a t e budget does n o t c o n t a i n l i n e i t e m a p p r o p r i a t i o n s t o
private organizations.
Provided
funds a r e f o r p u b l i c p u r p o s e , p r i v a t e o r g a n i z a t i o n s
n o r m a l l y r e c e i v e f u n d s by c o n t r a c t o r a p p l i c a t i o n and g r a n t .
Private
organizations
do
s p e c i f i c l i n e item a p p r o p r i a t i o n .
not
receive
state
funds
through
That i s n o t t o s a y , however, t h a t
p r i v a t e o r g a n i z a t i o n s do n o t r e c e i v e s t a t e monies t o fund museums o r
museum p r o j e c t s .
The Iowa L e g i s l a t u r e o f t e n a p p r o p r i a t e s
funding
f o r g r a n t programs, f o r a d m i n i s t r a t i o n by t h e Department of C u l t u r a l
Affairs.
The g r a n t s
a r e n o r m a l l y funded p r i m a r i l y
from
federal
monies w i t h some s t a t e c o n t r i b u t i o n .
We a r e opposed t o l i n e i t e m b u d g e t i n g f o r museum s u p p o r t .
recommend a g a i n s t t h i s .
We
STATE FUNDING FOR THE BISHOP MUSEUM
A l l of us a r e s t r i v i n g t o s e r v e t h e c i t i z e n r y by p r e s e r v i n g our
cultural heritage.
I t i s most a p p r o p r i a t e f o r t h e S t a t e t c support
those
and
institutions
s i t e s which
are
of
s t a t e w i d e importance.
Other s i t e s / i n s t i t u t i o n s may be funded p r i v a t e l y .
This
(state
controversial,
budget
line
item
for
considered by some a s pork
others as constituent services.
private
barrel
museums)
is
iegislation
and
The Governor vetoed a l l l i n e items
l a s t y e a r , b u t t h e l e g i s l a t u r e overrode
it.
Line
items
a r e not
s u b j e c t t o peer review l i k e g r a n t s from t h e Council on Arts.
They
(private organizations)
empowered t o g i v e g r a n t s i n a i d .
apply through
the
s t a t e agency
We have found t h a t t h i s works b e s t
because it p e r m i t s t h o s e knowledgeable about each program t o decide
which o r g a n i z a t i o n s and p r o j e c t s most deserve t h e funds.
p o l i t i c s i n most c a s e s . . . .
I t avoids
I would c e r t a i n l y recommend a g a i n ( s i c )
d i r e c t l i n e item funding f o r s e v e r a l reasons.
It
does
not
have
any
checks
and
balances.
There
is
u s u a l l y no s t a t e agency empowered t o determine t h a t funds
a r e s p e n t f o r purpose
(sic)
f o r which t h e l i n e item was
granted.
I t weakens t h e s t a t e agency's a b i l i t y t o seek funds f o r
t h e good of a l l museums . . . i n t h e s t a t e .
each
legislator
trying t o help out
I n s t e a d you have
their
own hometown
museum, but n o t r e a l l y c a r i n g about funding t h e o t h e r s .
I t can g e t o u t of hand.
A t one p o i n t our s t a t e had 40 t o
50 f e s t i v a l s r e c e i v i n g d i r e c t l i n e item funding, w i t h more
added
each
year.
The
Parks/Recreation
agency
j u r i s d i c t i o n over t h o s e f e s t i v a l s o r t h e i r
number of
funds,
had
no
and a
them were showing wonderful p r o f i t s each year
and r e a l l y d i d n ' t need s t a t e funds . . . .
If t h e s t a t e of
BACKGROUND
H a w a i i i s c o n s i d e r i n g how t o fund mtiseums i n t h e state, 1
would c e r t a i n l y recommend g i v i n g some s t a t e agency a sum
of
money
that
c o u l d d i s t r i b u t e based on a c e r t a i n
it
developed c r i t e r i a .
We have no museum t h a t
would
claim state-wide
influence o r
c o n t e n t and we a r e a l o n g way from any k i n d of e t h i c t h a t would
demand s t a t e ( l e g i s l a t i v e ) support o f museums a t a l l .
The museums ( h i s t o r i c a l s o c i e t i e s a c t u a l l y ) t h a t are recognized
i n s t a t u t e as s t a t e agencies, do n o t view t h e ad hoc f u n d i n g o f nonstate
agency museums w i t h
equanimity,
since
their
own needs are
f r e q u e n t l y n o t met.
T h e Smithsonian I n s t i t u t i o n :
Because
the
A Public-Private Partnership
Resolution
cited
the
Smithsonian
lnstitution
as
"an
educational a n d s c i e n t i f i c i n s t i t u t i o n f o u n d e d a n d o p e r a t e d u n d e r t h e concept
of public-private partnership,"
a more d e t a i l e d examination of t h e w o r k i n g s of
t h e Smithsonian l n s t i t u t i o n is p r e s e n t e d .
F a c i l i t i e s a n d Collections.
National Collections
research
centers
approximately
zoological
the
and
United
States,
has t h e w o r l d ' s
27,000,000
park.
exhibitions,
of
T h e Smithsonian I n s t i t u t i o n ,
visitors
Additionally,
is
one
of
c u s t o d i a n of t h e
the
world's
l a r g e s t museum complex,
annually
to
its
museums,
leading
attracting
galleries,
and
millions o f people v i e w Smithsonian t r a v e l i n g
appearing throughout
the
U n i t e d States
and
abroad,
and
its
annual f o l k l i f e f e s t i v a l . "
The
Smithsonian
h i s t o r y specimens,
possesses
and artifacts.
more t h a n
100 m i l l i o n a r t
objects,
natural
T h e collections a r e d i s p l a y e d f o r v i s i t o r s
a n d a r e u t i l i z e d f o r research b y s t a f f o f t h e Smithsonian a n d b y h u n d r e d s o f
v i s i t i n g students,
scientists,
a n d h i s t o r i a n s each y e a r .
l2
STATE F U N D I N G FOR THE BISHOP MUSEUM
T h e Smithsonian
D.C.,
I n s t i t u t i o n comprises
a n d one i n New Y o r k )
and
the
13 museums
National
(12 i n Washington,
Zoological
Park
(also
in
Washington, D . C . ) , 1 3 as follows:
(1)
T h e National Museum of American H i s t o r y ;
(2)
T h e National Museum o f N a t u r a l H i s t o r y ;
(3)
T h e National A i r and Space Museum;
(4)
T h e H i r s h h o r n Museum and S c u l p t u r e Garden;
(5)
T h e A r t s a n d Industries Building;
(6)
T h e Anacostia Neighborhood Museum;
(7)
T h e Cooper-Hewitt Museum (New Y o r k C i t y ) ;
(8)
T h e Smithsonian l n s t i t u t i o n B u i l d i n g ("Castle");
(9) T h e Freer Gallery o f A r t ;
(10)
T h e National P o r t r a i t Gallery;
(11)
T h e National Museum o f American A r t ;
(12)
T h e Renwick Gallery; and
(13)
T h e National Museum o f A f r i c a n A r t .
Admission t o a l l Smithsonian museums are f r e e .
a r e open seven days a week f r o m 10 a.m. t o 5:30 p . m .
T h e principal buildings
BACKGROUND
T h e Srnithson~an also has research facilities located i n 9 states a n d t h e
Republic of Panama, i n c l u d i n g t h e :
(I)
A r c h i v e s o f American A r t ;
(2)
Conservation a n d Research C e n t e r of t h e National Zoo;
(3)
Smithsonian Environmental Research C e n t e r :
(4)
Smithsonian l n s t i t u t i o n Marine Station a t L i n k Port;
15) Smithsonian A s t r o p h y s i c a l O b s e r v a t o r y ; a n d
(6)
Smithsonian T r o p i c a l Research I n s t i t u t e
History.
carry
out
Smithson.
T h e Smithsonian was created b y an A c t of Congress i n 1846 t o
t h e terms
Smithson,
of
the
will
of
British
scholar
and
scientist
who h a d n e v e r v i s i t e d t h e U n i t e d States,
James
left the bulk
o f his estate t o his nephew a n d a n y h e i r s t h e nephew m i g h t have,
providing
t h a t if h i s nephew d i e d childless, t h e money s h o u l d g o t o t h e U n i t e d States
" t o f o u n d a t Washington,
u n d e r t h e name of t h e Smithsonian
Institution,
an
establishment f o r t h e increase a n d d i f f u s i o n o f knowledge among men."'*
His
nephew
died
in
1835 w i t h o u t
e q u i v a l e n t t o more t h a n $500,000,
children,
and
Smithson's
fortune,
was b r o u g h t t o America i n 1838.
Receipt of t h e b e q u e s t set o f f a l o n g debate in Congress o v e r w h e t h e r
t h e nation c o u l d iegally accept t h e f u n d s a n d t h e accompanying t r u s t a n d
what
a
"Smithsonian
I n s t i t u t i o n " s h o u l d be.
V a r i o u s g r o u p s i n Congress
proposed t h a t t h e Smithsonian should b e a national u n i v e r s i t y ,
school,
garden,
house,
an a g r i c u l t u r a l
a normal school, a school f o r t h e b l i n d , a national l i b r a r y , a botanical
a national o b s e r v a t o r y , a chemical laboratory,
o r a national museum o f a r t s a n d sciences.
a popular publishing
T h e t w o most i n f l u e n t i a l
STATE FUNDING FOR T H E BISHOP MUSEUM
Congressional
factrons,
however,
were
the
national
library
and
national
the
federal
museum g r o u p s .
Administration.
Congress
determined
1846
in
that
g o v e r n m e n t d i d h a v e a u t h o r i t y to a d m i n i s t e r s u c h a t r u s t d i r e c t l y a n d t h e
legislation e s t a b l i s h i n g t h e Smithsonian institution was e n a c t e d on A u g u s t 10
of t h a t y e a r . I 6
C o n g r e s s c r e a t e d a c o r p o r a t e e n t i t y called t h e Establishment
t o t a k e c h a r g e of t h e Smithson b e q u e s t : "
I n c o r p o r a t i o n of I n s t i t u t i o n
941.
The P r e s i d e n t , t h e Vice P r e s i d e n t , t h e Chief J u s t i c e , and t h e
heads of e x e c u t i v e departments a r e c o n s t i t u t e d an establishment by
the
name
of
the
Smithsonian
Institution
for
the
increase
and
d i f f u s i o n of knowledge among men, and by t h a t name s h a l l be known
and
have p e r p e t u a l
s u c c e s s i o n with
t h e powers,
limitations,
and
r e s t r i c t i o n s h e r e i n a f t e r c o n t a i n e d , and no o t h e r .
A Board of Regents was c r e a t e d t o g o v e r n t h e Smithsonian:18
Board of Regents; members
$42.
The b u s i n e s s of t h e I n s t i t u t i o n s h a l l be conducted a t t h e c i t y
of
Washington by a Board o f Regents,
named t h e Regents
of
the
Smithsonian I n s t i t u t i o n , t o be composed of t h e Vice P r e s i d e n t , t h e
Chief J u s t i c e of t h e United S t a t e s , t h r e e ?iembers of t h e Senate,
three
%embers of
the
Iiouse
of
persons,
o t h e r than Members of
resident
i n t h e c i t y of
Representatives,
Congress,
Washington,
two
of
and
whom
nine other
shall
be
and seven o f whom s h a l l be
i n h a b i t a n t s of some S t a t e , b u t no two of them of t h e same S t a t e .
The
Secretary
was
named
o f f i c e r L 3 with s ~ e c i f i e dd u t i e s : 2 o
to
be
the
Smithsonian's
chief
executive
BACKGROUND
4
.
Organization of board; expenses; g r a t u i t o u s s e r i ~ i c s s
The Board of Regents s h a l l meet i n t h e c i t y of Washington and
e l e c t one of t h e i r number a s c h a n c e l l o r , who s h a l l be t h e p r e s i d i n g
o f f i c e r of
t h e Board of Regents, and c a l l e d t h e c h a n c e l l o r of t h e
Smithsonian I n s t i t u t i o n , and a s u i t a b l e person a s S e c r e t a r y of
institution,
Regents.
who
shall
also
be
the
secretary
of
the
the
Board
of
The board s h a l l a l s o e l e c t t h r e e of t h e i r own body a s an
e x e c u t i v e committee, and s h a l l f i x t h e time f o r t h e r e g u l a r meetings
of t h e board; and, on a p p l i c a t i o n of any t h r e e of t h e r e g e n t s t o t h e
S e c r e t a r y of
the
institution,
it
s h a l l be h i s duty t o appoint a
s p e c i a l meeting of
t h e Board of
notice,
t o each of t h e members; and, a t any meeting of
by l e t t e r ,
t h e board,
Regents,
of which
he
shall
give
e i g h t s h a l l c o n s t i t u t e a quorum t o do b u s i n e s s .
Each
member of t h e board s h a l l be paid h i s necessary t r a v e l i n g and o t h e r
a c t u a l expenses i n a t t e n d i n g meetings of t h e hoard, which s h a l l be
a u d i t e d by t h e e x e c u t i v e committee, and recorded by t h e S e c r e t a r y of
t h e board; but h i s s e r v i c e a s Regent s h a l l be g r a t u i t o u s .
$46.
D u t i e s of S e c r e t a r y
The S e c r e t a r y of t h e Board of Regents s h a l l t a k e charge of t h e
b u i l d i n g and property of
the institution,
and s h a l l ,
under
their
d i r e c t i o n , make a f a i r and a c c u r a t e record of a l l t h e i r proceedings,
to
be
preserved
in
the
institution
until
no
longer
needed
in
conducting c u r r e n t b u s i n e s s ; and s h a l l a l s o d i s c h a r g e t h e d u t i e s of
l i b r a r i a n and of keeper of t h e museum, and may, w i t h t h e consent of
t h e Board of Regents, employ a s s i s t a n t s .
Congress
is said t o have consistently maintained t h e i n t e g r i t y o f t h e
Srnithsonian's t r u s t a n d i t s independence
from
the
administration
of
civil
S T A T E F U N D I N G FOR THE B I S H O P M U S E U M
government,
w i t h t h e B o a r d of Regents a n d Secretary h a v i n g b r o a d d i s c r e t i o n
t o determine t h e most a p p r o p r i a t e means of a d m i n i s t e r i n g t h e S m i t h s ~ n i a n . ~ '
Funding.
The
Smithsonian
is
a
u n i q u e combination
of
a privately-
endowed i n s t i t u t i o n administered b y a B o a r d o f Regents independent o f t h e
f e d e r a l g o v e r n m e n t h a v i n g c o n t i n u i n g financial s u p p o r t o f t h e U n i t e d States,
as t r u s t e e .
T h e Smithson bequest i n 1846 was
lent b y
law t o t h e U n i t e d States
T r e a s u r y , a n d t h e f e d e r a l government agreed t o p a y 6 p e r c e n t i n t e r e s t on it
to the
Smithsonian
Smithsonian's
in
p e r p e t ~ i t y . ~Congress
~
s t a r t e d t o supplement t h e
trust
resources
with
federal
government
collection
was
Smithsonian,
m a k i n g t h e Smithsonian t h e c u r a t o r o f t h e National Collection.
transferred
from
support
the
when
Patent
the
Office
federal
to
the
Congress a p p r o p r i a t e d f u n d s f o r t h e t r a n s f e r a n d new arrangement of t h e
National Collection articles, a n d c o n t i n u e d t h e annual a p p r o p r i a t i o n p r e v i o u s l y
made t o t h e Commissioner o f Patents f o r t h e i r c a r e a n d e x h i b i t i ~ n . ~ '
Federal
appropriations
research; t h e care,
education
programs;
facilities;
utilities
are
the
documentation,
maintenance,
and
primary
source
of
support for
basic
a n d e x h i b i t i o n o f t h e national collections;
repair,
communications
renovation,
services;
a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n of
protection
services
to
b u i l d i n g s a n d t h e i r contents; a n d t h e general administration and management
o f t h e Smithsonian's programs.'*
T r u s t f u n d s a r e allocated f o r uses such as purchases f o r t h e collections,
and, on a special p r o j e c t basis, s c h o l a r l y studies a n d educational a c t i v i t i e s .
Annually,
as p a r t o f i t s consolidated b u d g e t review,
t h e B o a r d of Regents
determines if additional allocations of u n r e s t r i c t e d t r u s t f u n d income can b e
made t o reduce requirements f o r a p p r o p r i a t e d f u n d s . 2 s
BACKGROUND
In
1878,
the
annual
government
appropriations
for
the
first
time
approximated t h e e x p e n d i t u r e s from t h e Smithsonian's t r u s t f u n d s (see E x h i b i t
1).
B y 1882,
a p p r o p r i a t i o n s w e r e p r o v i d i n g more t h a n 80 p e r c e n t of t h e
Smithsonian's
annual
expenses
(see
Exhibit
2).
In
1986,
federal
a p p r o p r i a t i o n s c o n t r i b u t e d 47 p e r c e n t of t h e Smithsonian's income.26
Facilities, A c t i v i t i e s , a n d Finances o f Selected Museums
I n 1971, t h e B u r e a u s u r v e y e d 12 n a t u r a l h i s t o r y museums "comparable t o
Bishop Museum i n as many respects as possible'' f o r i t s r e p o r t ,
Study:
State A c q u i s i t i o n of Bishop M u s e ~ m . ~ ' I n 1987,
Feasibility
t h e B u r e a u again
s u r v e y e d these museums, t o have a source f o r comparison o f t h e e v o l u t i o n o f
t h e Bishop Museum since 1971,
a n d t o assess t h e c u r r e n t operations o f t h e
Bishop Museum.
One state-owned museum a n d 5 independent museums responded t o o u r
questionnaire,
E x h i b i t s 3 t h r o u g h 10 c h a r t
i n addition t o t h e Bishop Museum.
t h e i r replies a n d also i n c l u d e data f r o m t h e American Association o f Museums,
Official
Museum
Directory,
1987.
Information
about
the
Smithsonian
I n s t i t u t i o n is also p r o v i d e d , because o f i t s mention i n t h e Resolution.
Exhibits
Exhibit
5
and 4
3
describes
indicate t h e i n s t i t u t i o n s ' facilities
activities
research i n each i n s t i t u t i o n .
offered.
Exhibit
and exhibitions.
6 discusses
the
role
of
E x h i b i t 7 l i s t s t h e number o f professional a n d
nonprofessional s t a f f employed b y t h e i n s t i t u t i o n a n d t h e salary ranges of t h e
respective
staff.
expenditures.
Exhibits
8
and
9
report
sources
of
income
and
E x h i b i t 10 indicates t h e n a t u r e o f t h e g o v e r n m e n t f u n d i n g
received b y t h e i n s t i t u t i o n s .
T h e following observations may b e made f r o m t h e information g a t h e r e d
a n d analysis t h e r e o f .
T h e k i n d s of facilities,
exhibitions,
a n d a c t i v i t i e s of
t h e Bishop Museum a r e s t i l l f a i r l y comparable t o t h e o t h e r 6 i n s t i t u t i o n s .
l i b r a r y has g r o w n a t a h i g h e r r a t e t h a n t h e o t h e r independent museums.
Its
The
Exhibit 1
SMITHSONIAN OPERATING
EXPENDITURES, BY SOURCE
1847-1976
Year
-
iB47
48
49
1850
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
1860
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
1870
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
1880
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
T r u s t Funds
Federal
Appropriations
Year
-
89
1890
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
1900
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1910
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
1920
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
1930
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
Federa!
kepropr iations
Federa: Grarts
and Contracts
Total
$
272
323
311
310
330
328
366
374
403
418
456
451
470
497
515
508
509
495
532
580
645
883
846
909
755
777
729
738
743
749
773
807
868
905
1,002
1,112
1,198
1,349
1,385
1,416
1,603
1,802
1,876
1,929
1,757
1,338
1,475
1,662
1,606
1,670
T r u s t Funds
Federal
Appropriations
Federa! Grants
and C o n t r a c t s
432
400
336
332
410
400
442
414
463
548
467
565
507
536
548
528
694
659
774
761
812
826
992
9 73
878
1,376
947
3,140
3,896
3,956
5,704
7,442
8,182
6,701
8,077
16,676
23,596
31,336
$
Source:
"Srnithsonian I n s t i t u t i o n Operating Expenditures, by
Source: 1847 through 1976" ( O f f i c e of t h e General
Counsel, Smithsonian I n s t i t u t i o n , 1 9 7 7 ) , pp. 1 - 3 .
Exhibit 2
PERCENT OF SMITHSONIAN
OPERATING EXPENDITURES, B Y SOURCE
Year
-1847
48
49
1850
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
1860
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
1870
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
1880
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
Trust Fun*
10o'k
11
1,
,t
(1
1,
19
1,
,I
70%
94
88
90
88
74
89
90
89
94
86
78
89
92
71
69
60
59
61
61
69
49
61
43
23
19
17
17
17
16
18
15
14
Federal
Appropriaw
Federal Grants
and Contracts
-
T r u s t Funds
12%
13
13
15
18
16
18
14
15
13
13
13
14
13
15
14
13
9
Federal
A~ropriations
88%
87
87
85
82
84
32
86
85
87
87
87
86
87
85
86
87
91
88
89
88
90
88
89
89
90
88
87
87
86
86
87
84
85
76
79
71
72
74
70
69
70
73
75
76
77
73
77
75
74
Federal Grants
andC ontracts
-
Total
Exhibit 3
FACILITIES:
~ n n d sof
Facilities:
7971
siio i o l i i m e l i b r a r y a v a i l r b l e
for r e f e r e n c e ; h i s t o r i c r i t e ;
e x n i b i t i o n arse.
50,000 v o i m e l i b r a r y f a r
i n t e r - l i b r a r y ioan: e x h i b i r 8 o n
area
i i e i d eiireum o f
Natrirai H i s t o r y
Chicago, ! l i t n o i s
1971 AND 1987
Kinds o f
Faciiities.
1987
1 , 5 0 0 - ~ 0 3 . i t b - a r y o f painphiets. p e r i o d i c a i r and books
r s i a t e d 10 i n d i a n s , and r e i a t e d caiiect,ons a v e i l a b l e
Crafts %
f o r i n t e r - l i b r a r y ioan; 2 2 s - s e a t a u d i t o r i i m .
books by 'ndsana a u t h o r s f o r s a i e .
50.3001 v o i .
i ~ b r a r yo f n s k i i r s i h i s t o r y a v a i l a b l e
f o r i n t e r - i i b r a r y l o a n a f o r use by F e w e s t :
b o t a n i c a i garden: z o o l o g i c a l p a r k ; n a t i i r e center;
c o n s e w a r a o n lab, p l a n e t a r i u m ; f i e l d r e s e a r c h
station; r e a d i n g mom; 750 s e a t a u d i t o r i u m ; c l a s s r o o m s
l i 0 . 0 0 0 volume i mbrary f o r i n t e r l i b r a r y ioan; e x h i b i t i o n area.
30,000 voiiime l i b r a r y f a r i n t e r l i b r a r y ioan; e x h i b i t i o n area;
pienetarium.
28,000-VD!.
! i b r a r y o f books on science, h i s t o r y ,
technology, a n t h r o p o i o g y , astronomy a v a i l s b i e
f o r t n t e r - i i h r a r y # c a n and f o r use on premises;
2 w - s e a t p i a n e t a r i m : r e a d i n g room: UOO and 200
s e a t a u d i t ~ r i t m s ; C I ~ S S ~ O O ~ 8S0.0 - a c r e cumining
~ a t u r eC e n t e r c o n t a i n i n g y e a r - r o t t n d f r a i i s , rec o n ~ t r u c t e dp i o n e e r homestead, i o g silgarhoilse and
o u t d o o r e x h i b i t s : 100-seat t h e a t e r ; w i l d - l i f e v i e w ing area; r e s t a u i a n i .
Educational items p e r t a i n i n g
to prograin f i e l d s f o r S a l e .
50.500 v o i i i n e l i b r a r y a v a i l a b l e
f o r r e f e r e n c e ; 22.000 p a m l i h l e t s
and 320 s e r i a l p i i b \ i c a t i a n r ;
~ i a n e t a r i u m ; exhibition a r e s ;
h t ~ t o r i cs h i p ; f i e l d r e s e a r c h
s t a t ion.
88,000 v o i . i i b r a r y w i t h 30,000 p a m p h l e t s and 1.300
s e r i a l p u b l i c a t i o n s o f P a c i f i c I s l a n d sources,
m a n u s c r i p t s , voyages, p r i n t s , e n g r a v i n g s , w o r k s
o f a r t on paper, l e t t e r s and documents a v a i l a b l e
on p r e n i i s e s ; c u r r e n t p e r i o d i c a l s : h i s t o r i c a l
p h o t o g r a p h colieciions; o i l p a i n t i n g s : 1,500
c u b i c f c e r o f b u s i n e s s a r c h i v e s ; r e a d i n g room:
e x h i b i t space: p l a n e t a r i u m : Hal i o f D i s c o v e r y ;
H B Y i~ sinmigrant w e r i t a g e ~ r e r e r v a t a o nc e n t e r :
S c i e n c e c e n t e r ; 1 0 0 - s e a t t h e a t e r ; c i a s s r o o o s : 200seat auditorium.
Books, j e w e l r y , a u t h e n t i c e t h n o graphic repreductions, handicrafts, p a i n t i n g * %
photograph^ POI. s a l e .
967,000-vni.
% i b - a r y o f botany: ininera, sciences;
paieobiOlOgy: s y s t e m i c b i o l o g y ; A m e r i c a n e t h n o l o g y ;
t r o p i c a l b i o l o g y ; photo b i o l o g y ; s o l a r r a d i a t i o n ;
z0010gy; a n r h r o p o l a g y ; h i s t o r y o f a s t r o n a u t i c s i n d
a e r o n a u t i c s ; a s i r o p h y 5 i c r ; A m e r i c a n h i s t o r y and
c u i t i l r e ; h i s t o r y of s c i e n c e and t e c h n o l o g y : p h i l a t e l y ;
4 a e r i c a n p a i n t i n g . s c u l p t u r e . p o r i r a i t i l r e , and b i o p r a ~ n y ;
i e c o r a i i v e a r t s and d e s i g n , e s p e c i a l l y i n t e r i o r d e s i g n :
$ a r t y works o f t r a v e l and s c i e n t i f i c e x p i o r a t i o n ;
w ~ e o l o 9 y ; a v a i i a b i e F o r i n t e r - I i b r a r y l o a n and f o r
,se by q u a i i f i e d s c h o l a r s .
Graphic r e p r e s e n t a t i o n
> f i t e m s i n t h e c o i i e c t i o n s , e d u c a t l a n a i toys,
B i n e r a 1 spectmens, book8 and o t h e r museum-related
i t e m f o r sale.
SOLITCC:
A s e i i c a n assoctainon O F ~ u s e u i n s , o r f i c i a i Museum D i r e c r o w [ N e w Y a r k :
1 9 8 7 1 , p p . 135, 175, 187,
218, ~ 9 5 , 515, 565; Samliel 8 . x . Chang, ~ e a na. Funalsu, and Kenneth K . n i h a r a , F e a s i b i i , t v SS t a t e A c i ? u i r i f i o n o f 81rhoo Museum, L e g i s l a t i v e Reference 8 u r e s u ( H O ~ O ~ U I U :1 9 7 2 ) . PP. 23-211.
Exhibit 4
EXHIBITIONS:
Types
O f
Exhibitions:
1971 AND 1987
1971
State-owed
i n d t a n a S t a t e Mriseiin
H i s t o r y . anthropoiogy, p s i n i i n g r
d e c o r a f s ~ ea r t s , geology, mineralogy. n a t u r a l h i s t o r y .
pa l e 0 n t o i " g y .
yhysicsi
S t a t e n a i u r a i a c ~ i i u r a i h~s:o.-y;
s c i e n c e s : r o o i o g y ; geology; a r c h e o l o g y ,
b o t a n y and p a i e o n t o i n g y ; foucduii penduium;
Anstony, s n f h r o p a i o g y , archeeo'ogy,
a s t m n ~ m y , l n d ' a n a r t i f a c t s , entosoi o g y , geology, h e r p e f o i o g y , marloe,
mineralogy. p a l e o n t o f o g y , h i s t o r i c
buildings.
a n i h r o p o i o g y ; i n s e c t ; a a p h i w e n dr r e p t i i e ;
fi5he5: manilscript c o i i e c t i o n s : m v e r t e b r a t e s :
f o s s i l s : mammals; dinoraurs: meteorites, rockr.
m n e r a i s and gems; b l r d s : she'is. ~ i r t o r i c
Btiiidings:
1930, facade O f SDLith WI:~,
New
Y o r k Landmark; 1936, New Y o r k S t a t e . h e a d a r e
ROOSeve#t MemOTial.
c i r v e i a n d Mosriim o<
Natural History
~ a i e o n t o i o g y : emoinoiogy; m i n e r a i o g y ;
zoology; herbaricim; e r h n o l a g y ; a r c h a e o l o g y ;
srrronomy:
p h y s ~ c a l a n t h ~ 0 ~ 0 I 0 g yarborerim:
:
botany; d e c o r a t i v e a r t s ; h e r p e t o l o g y .
n o a t o w , EnthrOpolo9Y, a r c h a e o l o g y ,
a r c h i v e s . bofany, c0sliimes. e n t o mology, e t h n o i o g y , g e o l o g y .
h e r b a r i i i m , h e r p e t o l o g y , 1"d ,an.
m,neiaioqy, n a i u i a ~h i s t o r y ,
p a ~ e a n i a l o g y , s c i e n c e , t e x t ! ies,
roo i ogy.
a o c h e s t e r Museis"
and Science cencer
storG:'techf a c t s . costumes,
t e x t i ier,
a s s , anatomy,
i n d u s t r y , music,
-
Natural history,
mology,
S T C ~ X Y ~ Sh .i s t o r y ,
Srnithsonian I n s t i t u t i o n
Source:
entomology,
zoology, e n t o a n t h r o p o l o g y , botany,
geology.
n a u a i i a n p h i l a t e l i c ; aerospace
mciseum praq-an.
8 i r h o ~Museum
Annfomy: a n t h r o p o l o g y ; a r c h a e o l o g y : a r c h i v e s ;
b o t a n y : costumes; entomology: e t h n o l o g y ;
geology: nerbariun; herpetoiogy: indian:
mneraiogy; natiiral history; paieania~ogy.
science; t e x t , i e s ; r o o i o g y .
Anthropology: archaeology: a r c h i v e s : botany;
entomology; e t h n a i o g y : geoiogy: h e r p e t o l o g y :
iChthYOlOgy: RaIBCOIOgy: ZODIOgy; h e r b avium; p h i i a t e i i c : p h a m g r a p h i , ~ a v s i i a n
& PlCifiC COT*IS.
Anthropology; b i o i o g y : ecology; asti0phys:cs;
geodesy; m e t e o r i t i c s : space science$; h i s t o r y and
t e c h n o l o g y o f a e r o r a u t i c s and a s t r o n a u t i c s ; oceanography: m i n e r a i s c i e n c e s ; r a d i a t i o n b i o i o g y ; s o l a r
r a d i a t i o n ; c o n s e r v a t i o n o f n a t u r a l resources, w a i d i i r e , museum o b j e c t and I i b r a r y m a r e r i s l s ; t h e a r t s ;
h i s t o r y ; museoiogy; e x h i b i t t e c h n i q u e s ; i n t e r n a t i o n a l ,
governmental end s o c i a i probiems.
American n s r a c i a t i a n o f ~ o s e u m r , o f f i c i a l M ~ ~ s e uDn i r e c f o r x (New Y o r k :
1987). pp. 135, I ~ U , 175. 187,
218, 1195, 515, and 565; Sarntjei 8. K . Chang, Jean A. Fiinafsu, and Kenneth K . M ~ h a t a , F e a s i b i l i t y a u d y :
S t a t e ~ a u i s i t i o no f E i ~ h o pIIUSBU~, ~ e g i s i a t i v eReference Bureau ( n o n o i u l u :
19721, pp. 23-2U.
Exhibit 5
GENERAL A C T I V I T I E S :
i n ~ t i t u ton
Genera
~ c t s e s 1971
1971 AND 1987
Genemi a c t i v t t , s s
1987
~ O L I P Sf o r P C ~ D O I C ! ~ I E ~ S ;
l e c t u r e ~ ;films: gal iery talks
f o r q e n e r a i aiidience; concerts:
Sttidy c ! i i b s : hebay w O l k ~ h O p ~ :
f o i m a l i y organirea educational
~ r o g r a mf o r chi l o r e n , adi8irs.
~ n u
d n d e q r a d m t e and g r a d u a t e
s t u d e n t s ; inter-museum ioan
e x t l i b i t i o n s : uermanent and tenoorary e x h i b i t i o n s .
Cwded
Rochester N U S B D ~
and S c i e n c e Center
and
Bishop Museum
f i ims;
G u i d e d tours r o r scnooi c i a s s e s ;
Lectures;
~ r e s e n t a t i o n 6a t S C ~ O O I S ,
s p e c i a l lecturer and/or denona i r a t i o n s f o r r c h o o i ciasses;
o r g a n z r e d school l o a n s e w ice of speciai materiais:
ClSSEe5, ~ I l r b F , and Stildy
~ ~ O U Pf o
S r adults; plane:ariun programs.
programs f o r a d u l t s ; d o c e n t program: t r a i n i n g
programs r o r p r o f e r a i o n a l museum workers.
permanent, t e m p o r a r y and t r a v e i i n g exhihit i o n s : mobile vans; s c h o o l l o a n s e r v i c e .
Smilhion:an I n s t i t u t i o n
mureurn sponsors:
CUItUPe.
formal i y o r g a n i z e d e d u c a t i o n
annual
f e s t i v s i of
nawaiian
Ctlzded t o u r s ; i e c t u r e r ; f i ims; g a l l e r y t a l k s ;
concerts. dance r e c i t a i s ; a r t s f e s t i v a l s . orilna.
hobby w o ~ k s h a o s ; TV and r a d i o p r o g r a m ; /orma 1;
organized e d u c a t i o n p r o g r n o s f o r c h i l d r e n , a d u l t s ,
i i n d e i g i a d u a t e and g r a d u a t e c a i i e g e students;
docent program: t r a i n i n g programs Tar o r o f e s r i a n a l
museum w o r k e r s ; inter-museum i o a n , permanent
t e m p o r a r y and t r a v e l i n g e x n i b i t : o n s ; fun6ame;itai
r e s e ~ r c h ; s t u d y C O Ii e c f ions f o r research; t r a v e l
ZOUFS;
t n t e r n a t i a n a i exchange o f s c ; e n t i f i f
n l l h i i r s r inns
source:
Amerncan a s s o c i a t i o n o r Mureiims, O f f i c 8 a l Viireun D i r w I N e w Y O r K :
i9871. F P . 135, 175, 187, 218,
4 9 5 , 5 1 5 and 565; Samuel n. K . C h a w , J e a n A . F l i n a t ~ i i , a d Kenneth K . Mihnts, F e a s : b i , i w S t u a v : State
A c o u i s i t i o n of Bishoo luSeUm,
L e g i B I a t i v e Reference Bureau ( H o n o l u l u :
19721, pp. 25-26,
Exhibit 6
ROLE OF RESEARCH
Institution
Role of Research, 1971
Role of Research, I987
State-Owned
Indiana S t a t e
?fuseurn
Research i s l e f t up t o
and i n cooperation with
our U n i v e r s i t i e s .
P r e s e r v a t i o n and e x h i b i t i o n s
a r e t h e primary a c t i v i t i e s
of t h e Huseum.
Research i s n o t t h e primary
a c t i v i t y of t h e Museum.
American Museum
of Natural H i s t o r y
Academic r e s e a r c h i s t h e
primary a c t i v i t y of t h e
Museum.
Research i s n o t t h e primary
a c t i v i t y of t h e Museum, but i s
a primary f u n c t i o n , along with
l i b r a r y , exhibition, education.
Cleveland Museum
of S a t u r a l History
Information
unavailable
The primary a c t i v i t i e s of t h e
Museum a r e e x h j b i t i o n and
education, n o t r e s e a r c h .
F i e l d Museum of
Natural H i s t o r y
Academic r e s e a r c h i s
t h e primary a c t i v i t y
of t h e Museum.
Research i s one of t h e
primary a c t i v i t i e s of t h e
Museum, i n c l u d i n g c o l l e c t i n g ,
education, exhibition.
Rochester Museum
and Science Center
The primary a c t i v i t y
i s p u b l i c education
through programs and
e x h i b i t s , not research
The primary a c t i v i t i e s of t h e
Museum a r e e x h i b i t i o n and
i n t e r p r e t a t i o n , not r e s e a r c h .
Bishop Museum
Academic r e s e a r c h is t h e
primary a c t i v i t y of t h e
Museum.
Research i s one of t h e t h r e e
primary a c t i v i t i e s : c o l l e c t i o n s
management, r e s e a r c h and
scholarly studies, public
programs. A l l t h r e e a r e of
equal p r i o r i t y .
Independent
Source:
Responses t o L e g i s l a t i v e Reference Bureau q u e s t i o n n a i r e , 1971
and 1987.
*f
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Exhibit 8
1970 AND 1986
SOURCES OF INCOME:
1
"
S
i
T
E
t
L
O
L
sources
of
incone:
3 7 0
s o u r c e s o ? :ncoms:
1986
State-Owned
~ n d ' a n as t a t e
nusew
~ o c la:
'edo-8 i :
Endowment:
Pcibi i c a t i o n :
Othe":
TOTAL:
S2,600.000
600,300
2,100,000
i00.000
ineri
NO r e s p o n s e
Loca i :
iedera i :
Endowment:
Conirxbiitions:
DL~CS
and
Admi6szon:
Other:
TOTAL:
5
960,000
300.000
1,225,000
400,000
575.000
20 0 0
and Science C e n t e r
LOCB 1 :
F e d e r a I:
Endowment:
DUBS and
Admis~oon:
~ u b #i c a ti o n :
Other:
TOTAL:
S
Federa I :
Endowment:
Dues a n d
AdmlsSlO":
TOTAL:
S
100,000
2,900,000
city:
federal:
Endowment:
m e 5 and
Admission:
Other:
TOTAL:
S
5,248,1611
574,385
6,795,259
Coilnty:
State:
Endowment:
D ~ i e sa n d
ddmis~ion:
Publications:
Other':
TOTAL:
S
S
534,386
421,7911
S
26.715.68
533,957.00
118,372.00
State:
S
92,148.00
107,013.00
Federa I :
Endowment:
DUBS a n d
Admisston:
~~blicatianr:
Other:
TOTAL:
Federa I:
Endowment a n d
CootribUtionS:
Does a n d
Admtswon:
Pub1 8 c a t l o n s :
TOTAL:
Swrce:
8,W0.001
750,393
1.250,000
14,500,000
1!.800.000
2,400,'100
1,326,321
53,640,000
Rochester Museum
Assets:
C u i r e n t Fonds:
Endowment f u n d s :
plant ~ u n d r :
TOTAL:
City:
State:
Federa i :
~ndoument:
PUDliC8L'OnS:
Dues a i i d
bdmission:
Other:
TOTAL:
1,570,000
133,100
1,032,182
1,126,676
7,312
248,107
398,742
2,819,718
613,689
190,584
S169.400.0OO
22,000,000
46,600,000
Samuel 8 . K . Ctiang, i e a n A. Fiinatsii, a n d Kenneth K. ~ i h a t a , ~ e a n i b i i i t sr t u d v :
s t a t e A c q r i i s i i i o n o f B i s h a o M m , L e g i s l a t i v e Reference Bureail i ~ o n o i u i t i :
19721, pp. 30-31; responses t o ~ e g a s l a t i v e~ e f e r e n c e8 u r e a u q u e s t i o n n a i r e , d u i y
6, 7 . a n d 8 . 1981: " S r n ; t h s o o : a n i n s t i t i : t i o n , S o u r c e a n d A p p i i c a t i o n o f Funds,
Actual
FY 1986"
(Smithsomian I n s t i t u t i o n .
19861.
lnimeographedl.
Exhibit 9
EXPENDITURES:
Expendciules:
1970 AND 1986
ixpenal r u m s :
1970
1986
RSSeBrC*:
s c h o o , and n d v i t
E 3 ~ 1 c a t l o nP i o g r a a s :
i i h , b i tions:
Aamin.srr;trion:
Seiierai O y e r a t l n g c o s t :
Pt:bi i c a t s a n :
Ofher j P B n ~ , o n~ n d
Social Security):
TOTAL:
NO
~ i e i d~ u r e u mo f
Natiiiai H i s t o r y
ROcneSfel Miiseirm
and SCience c e n t e r
resmnse
General o p e r a t i n g c o s t s ~ l i o c a t e d t o :
science
40%
E x h i b i t i o n 47%
Ediicat i o n
99,
Other
OX
10141:
Research:
School P r ~ g l a m s :
I A d u t f and S c h o o l E d i i c a t a o n j
Exhibition:
Adrninirtrai,~":
loniy figures given)
TOTAL:
522,144,889
torrent Fii"d L i a b , l , t i e r
Endowment ~ i a b i l i r i e s :
Plant Liab, i i t i e s :
TOTAL:
~leaearch
s
S c h m PFO~PBRIS:
A d u i t Education:
Exhibition:
AdininlEtraLian:
C ~ n e r a !O n e r a t i n g C o s t :
P u b I i c a t i o n s , pub1 i c i n f o r m a t i o n :
$
3.618.984
1,024,262
834.771
1,514,956
66,969
468,879
ir29.030
915.453
280,834
1,199,082
305,722
Other:
r0TliL:
Research:
MLISeumS:
Service:
Director o f l n t e r n s t i o n a i ~ c t i v i t i e s :
SDeCia i P r o g r a m s :
A s s o c i a t e s programs:
Administration:
F a c : i i t i a r Services:
TOTAL:
Pub1
IC
S 52,062,000
89,764,000
4,232,000
1,387,000
I1./50.0C0
~.033.010
21,200,000
Exhibit 10
NATURE OF GOVERNMENT FUNDING, 1987
institution
Nature of Government Funding
State-Owned
Indiana State
Xuseum
State funds Museum by biennial appropriation.
Independent
American Museum
of Natural History
City of New York owns buildings and land
used by Museum, except for Museum's
planetarium. City pays directly for utility,
security, and maintenance costs; pension costs
for employees on City payroll; and capital
expenditures through department of public
parks. Also receives annual operating
support from the State of New York.
Cleveland Museum of
Natural History
Receives no state or local funding.
Field Museum of
Natural History
Funded by tax levy from the Chicago Park
District, city of Chicago.
Rochester Museum
and Science Center
County provides 39% of its operating
budget annually.
Bishop Museum
Funded through the State Foundation on
Culture and the Arts by purchase of service
contract.
Smithsonian Institution
Funded annually by federal government,
through Congressional appropriation.
Source: Responses to Legislative Reference Bureau questionnaires,
July 6 and 8, 1987.
STATE FUNDING FOR THE BISHOP MUSEUM
Bishop
Museum,
the
American
Museum o f
Natural History,
a n d t h e Fieid
Museum o f N a t u r a l H i s t o r y have all changed f r o m h a v i n g research as t h e
p r i m a r y a c t i v i t y o f t h e museum t o h a v i n g research as one o f several p r i m a r y
activities of t h e museum.
T h e Bishop Museum is t h e o n l y
i n s t i t u t i o n t h a t h a d less professional
I n 1971,
t h e Bishop Museum had t h e lowest
s t a f f i n 1986 t h a n i n 1971.
s t a r t i n g salaries f o r professional s t a f f , which no longer was t h e case i n 1986.
However,
i t s h i g h e s t salary f o r nonprofessional s t a f f
is t h e lowest of t h e
independent museums s u r v e y e d .
In
1971,
the
Bishop
Museum's
income
was
well
independent museums t h a t responded t o t h e s u r v e y ,
1986.
below
the
other
w h i c h was n o t t r u e i n
A l t h o u g h t h e Bishop Museum's sources of income have expanded since
1970, i t s g r o w t h has n o t been as dramatic as t h e American Museum o f N a t u r a l
History
or
the
Field
Museum o f
Natural
History.
T h e Bishop Museum's
e x p e n d i t u r e s have shifted, so t h a t c u r r e n t l y t h e emphasis i s on research and
a d m i n i s t r a t i v e and general o p e r a t i n g costs, whereas i n 1971, t h e emphasis was
on research.
A t t i t u d e s of Museum A d m i n i s t r a t o r s T o w a r d Museum F u n d i n g
T h e B u r e a u also s u r v e y e d administrators a t these i n s t i t u t i o n s about t h e i r
a t t i t u d e s t o w a r d museum f u n d i n g ,
they
were
asked
what
they
perceived to
arrangement f o r t h e i r museum,
regular
government
government.
support
i n t h e 1987 questionnaire.
be t h e most desirable f u n d i n g
and t h e advantages
to
museums
For example,
and
and
museum
disadvantages
affiliation
of
with
T h e main p o i n t s o f museum administrators who responded t o o u r
i n q u i r i e s a r e set f o r t h below.
Indiana State M u ~ e u m . ~ ' T h e most desirable financial arrangement f o r
t h i s Museum i s a m i x t u r e of state and p r i v a t e f u n d i n g , a n d g r a n t s .
BACKGROUND
T h e disadvantages o f
regular s u p p o r t is t h e perception b y t h e public
t h a t t h e Museum has a l l t h e f u n d i n g it needs.
Moreover,
t h e State has a
d i f f i c u l t t i m e u n d e r s t a n d i n g w h a t a museum i s a n d how it f i t s i n t o a s t a t e
system.
American Museum of N a t u r a l H i ~ t o r y . ~ 'A b r o a d d i v e r s e f u n d i n g base
i n c i u d i n g s u b s t a n t i a l i n f l a t i o n s e n s i t i v e sources supplemented b y endowment o r
other
i n v e s t m e n t income a n d g o v e r n m e n t s u b s i d y
arrangement.
Among t h e advantages o f
is t h e most ideal f u n d i n g
regular government support is t h e
stimulus i t g i v e s t o p r i v a t e g i v i n g .
Advantages
nonbureaucratic
of
being operated
management,
freedom
employment a n d f i s c a l management,
benefits,
independently from
from
limiting
government
from our City-private partnership,
better
not
to
be governed
because i t w o u l d b e too r e s t r i c t i n g .
by
an
agency
of
and
to
support
have
society g o v e r n m e n t s h o u l d
b u t s h o u l d n o t r u n them."
Natural History."
corporations
"We
local g o v e r n m e n t
There
may
b e an increased
n e c e s s i t y f o r museums t o seek g o v e r n m e n t f u n d i n g i f t h e t a x
individuals
on
. ."
". . . o u r
In
s u b s i d i z e c u l t u r a l a n d r e c r e a t i o n a l services,
C l e v e l a n d Museum o f
rules
a n d so has t h e C i t y a n d i t s
r e s i d e n t s , w i t h o u t serious p o l i t i c a l i n t e r f e r e n c e . .
is
include
more r e s p o n s i v e w o r k i n g conditions a n d
a n d a b i l i t y t o seek a n d r e t a i n professional management.
benefitted
It
government
these
institutions
incentives f o r
is
significantly
reduced.
T h e disadvantage of
r e g u l a r g o v e r n m e n t s u p p o r t t o museums i s t h a t i n
t h e e v e n t o f economic d i f f i c u l t i e s ,
museums a r e all too o f t e n t h e f i r s t t o feel
t h e effects of reduced government s u p p o r t .
T h e d i s a d v a n t a g e of museum a f f i l i a t i o n w i t h g o v e r n m e n t i s t h a t unless
t h e r e i s adequate p r o t e c t i v e legislation,
t h e government
impose
can
controls
and
regulations
which
be
is i n a p o s i t i o n t o
r e s t r i c t i v e t o t h e museum
STATE FUNDING FOR THE BISHOP MUSEUM
operations, whereas as a p r i v a t e n o n p r o f i t i n s t i t u t i o n , a museum can make i t s
own policies a n d decisions w i t h a minimum of o u t s i d e i n t e r f e r e n c e .
F i e l d Museum o f N a t u r a l H i s t o r y . "
T h e best source of s u p p o r t f o r t h e
Museum has been t h e Chicago p a r k d i s t r i c t t a x
support.
Because
it
is
p e r c e i v e d necessary t o broaden t h e Museum's t a x base, t h e Museum is i n t h e
process of examining g r e a t e r county, state, a n d f e d e r a l s u p p o r t .
Museums s u p p o r t e d b y government a r e affected by government b u d g e t
cuts,
a n d i t is necessary f o r museums t o e f f e c t i v e l y
lobby.
Often,
state
legislatures a n d municipal a n d c o u n t y governments follow t h e federal lead i n
budget cuts.
A
government
collection purposes,
institute.
museum
does
have
regular
u n l i k e t h i s Museum,
support
for
research a n d
w h i c h is a f r e e - s t a n d i n g
However, i t s advantage is autonomy.
research
It is d i f f i c u l t t o depend on a
government p a r t n e r s h i p a n d n o t g e t c a u g h t i n a political a f f a i r o n occasion.
Rochester Museum a n d Science Center."
T h e most desirable financial
arrangement is a combination of p u b l i c a n d p r i v a t e f u n d i n g w h e r e federal,
state, a n d local governments c o n t r i b u t e 50 p e r c e n t t o t h e museum's finances
and t h e p r i v a t e sector c o n t r i b u t e s t h e o t h e r h a l f .
A n advantage o f r e g u l a r government s u p p o r t is t h a t it allows consistency
f o r planning purposes.
It is b e t t e r n o t t o b e a government museum because c o n t r o l would t h e n
move f r o m persons w i t h p r o p e r t r a i n i n g t o political appointees.
The
Smithsonian
I n s t i t ~ t i o n . ' ~ The
advantages
p a r t n e r s h i p w i t h g o v e r n m e n t a r e overwhelming.
of
t h e Smithsonian's
T h e f e d e r a l g o v e r n m e n t is
v e r y s u p p o r t i v e o f t h e Smithsonian's w o r k a n d p r o v i d e s f u n d s f o r t h e c o r e
s u p p o r t of t h e programs,
p r o g r a m enhancement.
while t h e t r u s t funds provide f o r flexibility and
The
Board of
Regents,
o n behalf o f t h e American
BACKGROUND
people,
p r o v i d e s b r o a d o v e r s i g h t of t h e p r o g r a m s o f t h e
s u b j e c t t o t h i s guidance,
Smithsonian,
and
t h e Smithsonian has been able t o maintain a s t r o n g
a n d p r o d u c t i v e independence f r o m g o v e r n m e n t .
T h e d i s a d v a n t a g e i n t h i s f e d e r a l government-museum p a r t n e r s h i p i s t h a t
it i s necessary t o a p p l y f e d e r a l laws a n d
i n spending appropriated funds,
regulations,
i n c l u d i n g t h e l i m i t s on f e d e r a l p a y .
T h i s has a major l i m i t i n g
e f f e c t on t h e Smithsonian's a b i l i t y t o r e c r u i t s e n i o r s t a f f f o r a d m i n i s t r a t i v e ,
professional,
a n d s c h o l a r l y positions,
as compared w i t h research a n d museum
organizations i n t h e p r i v a t e sector.
T h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s a n d o b l i g a t i o n s t h a t t h e Smithsonian has i n r e t u r n
f o r g o v e r n m e n t f u n d i n g i n c l u d e s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r p r u d e n t management o f i t s
activities
and
public
accountability
e x p e n d i t u r e of a p p r o p r i a t e d f u n d s
for
its
work.
More
specifically,
the
r e q u i r e s adherence t o f e d e r a l personnel,
p r o c u r e m e n t , c o n t r a c t i n g , a n d similar laws a n d r e g u l a t i o n s .
It
clear
i s
that
museums
and
other
o r g a n i z a t i o n s need a s t r o n g and c o n t i i i u i n g
o r d e r l y and e f f e c t i v e
cultural
core o f
and
educational
support
to
allow
An i m p o r t a n t
program p l a n n i n g and implementation.
source o f such funds i s government s u p p o r t .
Bishop
Museum. "
Two
separate
responses
by
two
Museum
the
Museum.
a d m i n i s t r a t o r s a r e compiled below.
Endowment
However,
is
the
most
desirable
funding
basis
for
usage a n d membership fees a r e also needed t o s u p p o r t u s e r a n d
member b e n e f i t s .
G r a n t a n d c o n t r a c t r e v e n u e i s needed t o s u p p o r t research
and service w o r k .
A d d i t i o n a l s u p p o r t f r o m t h e State w i l l enable t h e Museum,
d i r e c t l y o r i n d i r e c t l y , t o b r o a d e n i t s non r e v e n u e p r o g r a m s .
The
most
pressing
financial
needs
of
the
operating
costs
and t h e f u r t h e r
expenses;
t h e c a r e a n d o r g a n i z a t i o n o f collections; a n d c a p i t a l expenses.
development of
Museum
are
endowments
for
for
general
operating
A
STATE FUNDING FOR THE BISHOP MUSEUM
l i n e item i n t h e G o v e r n o r ' s b u d g e t addressing these areas,
with a statutorily
established f l o o r o f n o t less t h a n a f i x e d percentage, s u c h as 20 p e r cent, of
t h e Museum's p r e v i o u s y e a r ' s o p e r a t i n g expenses w o u l d b e t h e most d e s i r a b l e
arrangement.
T h e advantages
of
regular s u p p o r t from state government include t h e
following:
(1)
If p r o v i d e d u n c o n d i t i o n a l l y ,
i t w o u l d amount t o t h e e q u i v a l e n t of
a p p r o x i m a t e l y 12 times i t s v a l u e i n endowment;
(2)
Dependable a n d p r e d i c t a b l e f i n a n c i a l
effective
long-term
planning.
support permits efficient and
Irregular
support
limits
the
application o f t h e f u n d i n g t o s h o r t - t e r m p r o j e c t s ;
(3)
It w o u l d p r o v i d e t h e resources t o meet t h e needs o f t h e Museum's
s c h o l a r l y a n d g e n e r a l p u b l i c constituencies;
14)
It
presents
a
strong
statement
of
the
State's
commitment t o t h e importance o f g a t h e r i n g ,
recognition
studying,
and
preserving,
a n d s h a r i n g o f t h e n a t u r a l a n d c u l t u r a l h i s t o r y o f Hawaii; a n d
(5)
It
s t r e n g t h e n s t h e Museum's a b i l i t y t o o b t a i n t h e s u p p o r t of t h e
private
sector,
corporations,
specific
and
private
programs
and
that
possess
interests,
requirement,
as
because
and for
o p e r a t i o n expenses of
a
general
individuals
projects
a
which
that
are
are
predictable
name
salaries,
rule,
most
apt
to
compatible
end
recognition is
utilities,
foundations,
to
support
with
the
possible.
their
funding
Basic
a n d f a c i l i t i e s maintenance
are not attractive fundraising projects.
R e g u l a r s t a t e s u p p o r t c o u l d b e disadvantageous if s u b j e c t t o c o n d i t i o n s
that would
increase t h e demand
for
endowment
resources;
that
is,
if t h e
BACKGROUND
Museum
were
requ~red to
spend
~ t s own
resources
in
order
to
meet
P
commrtments made i n r e t u r n f o r s t a t e s u p p o r t .
State s u p p o r t s h o u l d b e r e g a r d e d as payment t o t h e Museum f o r s e r v i n g
as t h e r e p o s i t o r y of t h e State's c u l t u r a l a n d n a t u r a l h i s t o r y .
support,
a l o n g w i t h s u p p o r t f r o m p r i v a t e a n d c o r p o r a t e resources,
Government
is likely t o
b e essential if t h e t r u e p o t e n t i a l o f t h e Museum as a n educational, s c i e n t i f i c ,
a n d c u l t u r a l i n s t i t u t i o n is t o b e realized.
Chapter 3
THE BISHOP MUSEUM
Brief History
The
Bernice
Pauahi
Bishop
Museum was
originally
Hawaiian heirlooms, s u c h as t h e Kamehameha d y n a s t y crown,
and a variety of artifacts.
founded t o store
r o y a l treasures,
These ancient items were i n t h e care of Princess
B e r n i c e Pauahi, one o f t h e last h i g h - r a n k i n g female a l i ' i o f t h e Kamehameha
family,
a n d Queen Emma, widow o f K i n g Kamehameha IV, when Queen Emma,
Princess Pauahi, a n d Princess Pauahi's husband, Charles Reed Bishop decided
t o s t o r e t h e Hawaiian collections i n a b u i l d i n g t h a t Bishop would p r o v i d e .
Mrs.
Bishop d i e d on October 16,
1884.
H e r w i l l o f October 31,
1883,
c r e a t i n g t h e B e r n i c e Pauahi Bishop Estate, gave most of h e r real p r o p e r t y i n
fee simple t o a t r u s t managed b y f i v e t r u s t e e s t o establish a n d maintain t h e
Kamehameha Schools.
Bishop,
It was on t h e o r i g i n a l Kamehameha School site t h a t M r .
i n 1890, w i t h t h e consent o f t h e o t h e r t r u s t e e s o f t h e Bishop Estate,
set o u t t o house t h e r o y a l Hawaiian h o l d i n g s i n a b u i l d i n g known as t h e
B e r n i c e P. B i s h o ~Museum.
G i f t s f r o m M r . Bishop t o t h e t r u s t e e s of t h e Bishop Estate i n c l u d e d t h e
Museum objects, a s well a s land a t Waipi'o Valley on t h e island o f Hawaii a n d
t h e sum o f $30,000 f o r t h e maintenance o f t h e Museum.
When t h e t r u s t e e s of t h e B i s h o p Estate realized t h a t t h e i r actions w i t h
respect t o t h e establishment a n d operation o f t h e Bishop Museum were n o t
legally p r o v i d e d f o r u n d e r t h e w i l l o f B e r n i c e Pauahi Bishop, a p e t i t i o n was
d r a w n u p t o create separate a n d d i s t i n c t t r u s t s f o r t h e Museum a n d t h e
Kamehameha Schools.
T h e Museum t r u s t was t o be administered by a b o a r d
o f t r u s t e e s t o b e composed o f t h e
individuals.
Bishop Estate t r u s t e e s a n d t w o o t h e r
THE B I S H O P MUSEUM
On
O c t o b e r 5,
1896,
a d e c r e e was e n t e r e d g r a n t i n g t h e r e q u e s t a n d
a u t h o r i z i n g t h e c o n v e y a n c e of t h e a r t i f a c t s , t h e l a n d a t Waipio Valley,
and
t h e $30,000, legally held b y t h e Bishop E s t a t e t r u s t e e s , t o t h e t r u s t e e s of the
".
Bishop Museum
. . f o r t h e p u r p o s e of a Museum of Polynesian a n d K i n d r e d
A n t i q u i t i e s , Ethnology a n d Natural H i s t o r y " '
( s e e Appendix B ) .
Government Repository
T h e Bishop Museum was a r e p o s i t o r y f o r t h e Hawaii g o v e r n m e n t collection
almost from i t s i n c e p t i o n .
A c c o r d i n g t o t h e 1892 p u b l i c a t i o n ,
A Preliminary
C a t a l o g u e of t h e B e r n i c e Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian E t h n o l o g y a n d
Natural
Hawaiian
History,
prepared
by
the
Government has deposited
Bernice
Pauahi
Bishop
Museum,
"The
in t h e Museum t h e collection f o r m e r l y
known a s the G o v e r n m e n t Museum".
F o r f i f t y - f i v e y e a r s , b e g i n n i n g in 1921, t h e Bishop Museum of Polynesian
A n t i q u i t i e s , E t h n o l o g y , a n d Natural H i s t o r y was legally t h e o n l y d e p o s i t o r y
f o r n a t u r a l h i s t o r y , e t h n o l o g i c a l , a n d archaeological s p e c i m e n s a n d o b j e c t s , a s
s t a t e d in Act
196 of t h e
L e g i s l a t u r e of
t h e T e r r i t o r y of
Hawaii,
Regular
Session of 1921:
S e c t i o n 1.
ethnological
possession
Any specimens and o b j e c t s o f n a t u r a l h i s t o r y and of
or
of
archaeological
the
University
value
of
or
interest
Hawaii,
or
now
any
in
the
territorial
d e p a r t m e n t , bureau o r b o a r d , o r which may h e r e a f t e r come i n t o t h e
possession of
board,
s a i d u n i v e r s i t y o r any such d e p a r t m e n t , bureau o r
i f and when t h e same a r e no l o n g e r needed
investigation,
for
study,
or
for
any
other
for scientific
purpose
by
said
u n i v e r s i t y o r such d e p a r t m e n t , bureau o r b o a r d , and h i s t o r i c a l f l a g s
now i n t h e a r c h i v e s b u i l d i n g , may, a t t h e r e q u e s t of t h e t r u s t e e s of
t h e B e r n i c e P. Bishop Xuseum of P o l y n e s i a n A n t i q u i t i e s , Ethnology
and N a t u r a l H i s t o r y , be t r a n s f e r r e d and d e l i v e r e d by and w i t h t h e
c o n s e n t o f such d e p a r t m e n t , bureau o r board h a v i n g p o s s e s s i o n o f any
t h e r e o f t o t h e s a i d t r u s t e e s and t h e r e u p o n t h e t i t l e t h e r e t o s h a l l
become v e s r e d i n s a i d t r u s t e e s and s h a l l be h e l d by them upon t h e
STATE FUNDING FOR THE BISHOP MUSEUM
t r u s t s and pursuant t o t h e p r o v i s i o n s s e t f o r t h i n t h a z c e r t a i n deed
o f t r u s t between Charles R. Bishop and o t h e r s and Samuel H. Damon
and o t h e r s ,
dated t h e 1 3 t h day o f October,
t h e R e g i s t r y o f Conveyances i n Volume 164,
r e f e r e n c e t o s a i d museum; provided,
1896,
and o f r e c o r d i n
on pages 387-391,
with
t h a t t h e specimens and o b j e c t s
so t r a n s f e r r e d and d e l i v e r e d t o t h e s a i d t r u s t e e s a r e made a v a i l a b l e
at
all
reasonable
examination
department,
The
by
times
the
by
the
said
trustees
of
said
university
officials
for
study
or
any
and
such
bureau, o r board.
B i s h o p Museum's
r o l e as
the only
such
official
state
depository
c h a n g e d i n 1976, when t h e o f f i c i a l r o l e o f t h e B i s h o p Museum as t h e h o l d e r o f
such s t a t e specimens a n d objects was e x t e n d e d t o o t h e r " q u a l i f i e d "
museums
i n t h e State.'
S t r u c t u r e a n d Organization
T w o major changes i n t h e Museum's s t r u c t u r e o c c u r r e d i n 1975 a n d 1986,
p r i m a r i l y f o r t h e p u r p o s e e n l a r g i n g t h e Museum's f i n a n c i a l base.
Museum was
incorporated
nonprofit corporation,
under the
control
B i s h o p Museum as a p r i v a t e
s e p a r a t i n g t h e b o a r d o f t r u s t e e s o f t h e B i s h o p Museum
e n t i r e l y f r o m t h e B i s h o p Estate.
corporation,
name o f
With t h e establishment o f t h e B i s h o p Museum
a b o a r d was c r e a t e d o f n o t less t h a n t e n persons,
and
I n 1975 t h e
management
of
the
affairs,
business,
and
having f u l l
property
of
the
c o r p o r a t i o n (see A p p e n d i x C ) .
In
1986,
museum
administrators
became
nonvoting corporate officers,
m a k i n g t h e d a y - t o - d a y decisions p e r t a i n i n g t o t h e Museum,
trustees,
whose
name was
changed
and t h e board of
t o the board of directors,
o v e r a l l p o l i c y f o r t h e Museum (see E x h i b i t 11 a n d A p p e n d i x
setting the
D).
T h e o r g a n i z a t i o n o f t h e B i s h o p Museum i s d e s c r i b e d i n E x h i b i t 12
Exhibit 11
BISHOP MUSEUM CORPORATE LEADERSHIP
BISHOP ELUSEUM
A Hawaii N o n - p r o f i t C o r p o r a t i o n
Non-voting Members
( A s s o c i a t i o n Members)
Voting Yembers
(Board o f D i r e c t o r s )
r----l
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
+
I
EXECUTIVE COMELITTEE
I
Ex O f f i c i o
O f f i c e r s o f t h e Board
E l e c t e d >lembers ( 5 )
I
OFFICERS OF THE BOARD
Chairman
Vice Chairman
I
Vice Chairman
(
S e c r e t a r y o f t h e Board
I
I
CORPORATE OFFICERS
Vice P r e s i d e n t and A s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y
Vice P r e s i d e n t
I
Source:
I
Assistant Treasurer
Bishop Museum, D i r e c t o r ' s O f f i c e , J u l y 1 3 , 1987.
39
Exhibit 12
BISHOP MUSEUM ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
BLRNlCr P. RiSHOP MUSCIJM
MUSEUM A S S O C I A T I O N
President and Director of the Museum
I
ASSISIANI OiRLCiOR
ADMINISTRATION
SCHOLARI~Y SlUDl f S
A w l ied Research
Group
MANAGFMFNT
Pllbl i c P r o g r a m
Botanical Garden
Source:
IJirhap Museum, Director's Office, ~lrly 13, 1987
MCMRFRSAIP
OPVP IiiymenL
THE B I S H O P MUSEUM
Facilities
T h e o r i g i n a l Museum b u i l d i n g consisted o f a lanai a n d entrance hall i n
a d d i t i o n t o t h r e e rooms:
Hawaiian Vestibule.
f o r i t s laboratories,
t h e P i c t u r e Gallery,
t h e K a h i l i Room,
and
the
From 1899 t o 1970, t h e Museum's t o t a l f l o o r space used
e x h i b i t halls, offices,
a n d l i b r a r y , increased f r o m 4,500
square f e e t t o 100,000 s q u a r e feet.'
I n r e c e n t years,
t h e main additions t o t h e facilities of t h e Museum have
been t h e Hawaii Immigrant H e r i t a g e Preservation C e n t e r (19771, t h e dedication
o f t h e Hall o f D i s c o v e r y (19791, t h e Maintenance Shop (19791, A t h e r t o n Halau
(19801, a n d t h e J a b u l k a Pavilion (19821.
T h e newest addition, Castle Hall, is
supposed t o b e s t a r t e d i n mid-1988.'
A c t i v i t i e s o f t h e Museum
T h e p r i m a r y a c t i v i t i e s o f t h e Museum f a l l i n t o t h r e e main categories:
collections management, research a n d s c h o l a r l y studies, a n d p u b l i c programs.
A l l t h r e e a c t i v i t i e s a r e considered t o b e equally i m p o r t a n t i n t h e f u n c t i o n i n g
o f t h e Museum.
I n t h e past, t h e main focus of t h e Museum was i t s research
function.
Collections
T h e objects t h a t w e r e p a r t o f t h e collections of t h e e a r l y Bishop Museum
r a n g e d f r o m s u r f b o a r d s b e l o n g i n g t o M r s . Bishop's f a t h e r t o f e a t h e r leis o f
chieftesses.
I n a d d i t i o n t o ethnological materials,
a n a t u r a l h i s t o r y collection
consisted of h e r b a r i u m specimens,
birds,
fish,
T h e Museum also contained p i c t u r e s a n d
a n d marine i n v e r t e b r a t e s .
marine a n d l a n d shells,
books concerned w i t h Pacific regions, a n d s i l v e r w a r e a n d coins.'
preserved
STATE FUNDING FOR THE BISHOP MUSEUM
P r e s e n t l y , t h e B i s h o p Museum's collection i n c l u d e s t h e f ~ l l o w i n g : ~
-
Number o f Specimens
Area
Anthropology
240,000
Botany
442,000
13 000
Education
13,000,000
Entomology
Geology
1,800
Zoology
6,481,000
Library
books
a r c h i v e s and miscellaneous
maps and a e r i a l s
Visuals
art
photographs and n e g a t i v e s
TOTAL
According
t o t h e Museum a d m i n i s t r a t i o n ,
extensive
rearrangements of
space a r e c u r r e n t l y p l a n n e d i n w h i c h many collections w i l l b e placed
c o m p a c t o r - t y p e s t o r a g e system.
i n space,
A l t h o u g h these systems r e s u l t i n r e d u c t i o n s
t h e y also c r e a t e safer,
o f specimens.
in a
more available s t o r a g e f o r a l a r g e r n u m b e r
Castle Hall i s p l a n n e d t o b e used f o r l o n g - t e r m storage o f t h e
a n t h r o p o l o g y collections.
'
Research
In
1985,
research
programs
t e r m i n a t i o n o f 13 s t a f f members.
by
the
Museum
and other
lo
were
cut
back,
which
included
the
I t has been said by i n d i v i d u a l s employed
interested
persons,
that
because t h e
research
f u n c t i o n o f t h e Museum has declined, t h e Museum may b e becoming m e r e l y an
attraction f o r tourists,
a n d n o t an i n s t i t u t i o n w i t h h i g h s c h o l a r l y s t a n d a r d s .
Such i n d i v i d u a l s w o u l d l i k e t o see t h e research
high-quality
program.
exhibitions
and
public
education
programs restored,
rely
A c c o r d i n g t o t h e Museum a d m i n i s t r a t i o n ,
on
a
strong
because
research
research programs were
T H E BISHOP MUSEUM
c u t because o f b u d g e t deficitsl
more stable financial f o o t i n g .
Current
major
'l
research
In t h e field of
following.
a n d i t was essential t o g e t t h e Museum on
efforts
include,
Botany,
b u t a r e n o t limited to,
t h e Museum is collaborating
the
with
the
Philippine National Museum t o i n v e s t i g a t e endangered f l o r a o f t h e Philippines;
p a r t i c i p a t i n g i n a s u r v e y o f w i l d f o r e s t s i n Papua,
New Guinea,
t o collect
compounds f o r t h e National Cancer I n s t i t u t e ;
a n d completing a comprehensive
manual
next
of
Hawaii's
flora
for
publication
year.
The
Entomology
Department is c o n d u c t i n g research on beetles; p r e p a r i n g an index on flies i n
t h e Pacific;
studying
collaboration
of
the
insects on t h e
Zoology
Hawaiian insect fauna.
New
Guinea
building
researchers.
Big
Department;
Island's f o r e s t canopy w i t h
and
planning a
the
new p r o j e c t on
T h e C h a i r o f t h e Zoology Department is i n Papua,
a
research
p r o g r a m i n collaboration w i t h
Australian
T h e A n t h r o p o l o g y Department i s computerizing i t s collections,
t h e Department C h a i r is c o n t i n u i n g h i s archeology w o r k i n t h e Society Islands
and consultations o n h i s t o r i c p r e s e r v a t i o n i n t h e Easter Islands a n d t h e Cook
Islands;
and
for
the
Department,
studying
Hawaiian
archaeology
is
a
priority.
Publications
The
publication
of
popular
work
on
the
Museum's
a n d research
founding.
T h e geographic scope o f publications extends f r o m t h e Hawaiian
lslands
throughout
architecture,
geography,
the
archaeology,
geology,
been
scientific
collections
to
has
and
a
Pacific
Basin,
botany,
history,
chief
aim of
the
covering
entomology,
language,
Museum since
such
fields
ethnology,
malacology,
music,
as
its
art,
folklore,
physical
anthropology, religion, a n d sociology (see A p p e n d i x E ) .
T h e p u b l i s h i n g o f research b y t h e Bishop Museum reflects t h e s c h o l a r l y
research f u n c t i o n ,
as
well as
i t s p u b l i c education f u n c t i o n ,
disseminate knowledge t o t h e community.
in
helping t o
STATE FUNDING FOR THE B I S H O P MUSEUM
Public Education
Historically,
the
interpretation of the
Museum
followed
the
European
tradition
role o f t h e Museum i n t h e community.
Museum had been an " i v o r y tower",
research as i t s p r i m a r y a c t i v i t y .
in
The
its
Bishop
h a v i n g v e r y limited p u b l i c access, w i t h
In 1892, t h e Museum was open t o t h e p u b l i c
t w o d a y s a week, on F r i d a y s f r o m 9 a.m. u n t i l noon, a n d o n Saturdays, f r o m
2 p.m. until 5 p.m."
D u r i n g t h e 1950ts, v i s i t i n g h o u r s w e r e e x t e n d e d f o r v i e w i n g t h e e x h i b i t
halls o n weekdays a n d on Sunday, a n d now t h e Museum is open t o t h e p u b l i c
f r o m 9 a.m. t o 5 p.m. Monday t h r o u g h S a t u r d a y a n d t h e f i r s t Sunday of each
month.
General admission is $4.75 f o r a d u l t s a n d $2.50 f o r
ages 6 t h r o u g h 17.
On t h e f i r s t Sunday of each month,
young
people
"Family Sunday",
t h e r e is no admission c h a r g e f o r Hawaii residents.
T h e Museum o f f e r s f o r t h e general p u b l i c educational a c t i v i t i e s such as
g u i d e d t o u r s a n d g a l l e r y talks,
a l e c t u r e series f o r t h e general audience,
television programs p r o d u c e d b y t h e Museum, l i v e musical a n d dance events,
planetarium programs,
f i e l d excursions,
touchable and " l i v i n g "
e x h i b i t s a r e designed t o complement t h e more s t a t i c
displays i n t h e main galleries.
and
a
"hands
on"
D u r i n g t h e 1986 fiscal year,
gallery
277,240
where
people
v i s i t e d t h e Museum. l 4
T h e department o f education liaison teaches t h r o u g h o u t t h e year, l i n k i n g
t h e p u b l i c school system a n d t h e Museum's educational
programs
through
e f f o r t s such as i n t e g r a t i n g Museum a n d p u b l i c school programs a n d assisting
teachers.
schools,
There
are
guided
tours
for
school
classes,
presentations
at
special lectures a n d demonstrations f o r school classes a t t h e Bishop
Museum, an organized school loan s e r v i c e o f special materials a n d collections,
and f i e l d excursions.
D u r i n g t h e last fiscal year, 22,357 s t u d e n t s v i s i t e d t h e
Bishop Museum. l s
T h e Bishop Museum l i b r a r y has sponsored workshops t o i n t r o d u c e t h e
l i b r a r y ' s resources and services t o Hawaii's
teachers
and
librarians.
The
THE BISHOP MUSEUM
focus
has
included ways materials
i n t h e Museum l i b r a r y can b e used b y
p u b l i c school teachers t o develop c u r r i c u l u m - r e l a t e d a c t i v i t i e s . 1 6
The
Museum also o f f e r s
a summer
Akeakamai (Show a Love o f Knowledge),
science education
program,
f o r c h i l d r e n aged 9 t o
Ho'ike
11.
The
t h r e e one-week sessions a r e limited t o 20 students each, o f f e r i n g p a r t i c i p a n t s
exposure t o t h e various scientific departments of t h e Museum.
v i s i t s t o hluseum departments such as ichthyology,
A c t i v i t i e s and
archaeology, botany,
and
zoology allow students t o experience t h e w o r k of scientists while viewing t h e
research collections o f t h e Museum.
"
Library
T h e l i b r a r y p r o v i d e s assistance t o organizations and i n d i v i d u a l s engaged
i n research o r t h e development o f programs r e l a t i n g t o Hawaii and t h e Pacific.
T h e p u b l i c reference h o u r s a r e 10 a.m t o 3 p . m . Tuesday t h r o u g h F r i d a y ,
and 9 a.m. t o noon on S a t u r d a y .
T h e p h o t o g r a p h collection is open t o t h e
p u b l i c f r o m 1 p . m . t o 4 p . m . f r o m Tuesday t o T h u r s d a y , and 9 a.m. t o noon
on S a t u r d a y .
T h e l i b r a r y has assisted w i t h projects, such a s : "
(1)
A
public
television
(KHET)
production
on
Queen
Lili'uokalani
f e a t u r i n g material f r o m t h e l i b r a r y ' s collections;
(2)
S t u d e n t papers and research projects;
(3)
Research
culminating
in
published
books a n d articles,
including
Holt's T h e A r t o f Featherwork i n O l d Hawai'i, Hibbard's T h e View
f r o m Diamond Head,
-
F i t z p a t r i c k ' s T h e E a r l y Mapping o f Hawaii, and
Kanahele's Pauahi; and
STATE FUNDING FOR THE BISHOP MUSEUM
(4)
Newspaper a n d magazine stories o n Hawaii p u b l i s h e d by local a n d
national news organizations,
such as
U n i t e d Press
International,
Associated Press, a n d National Geographic magazine.
The
library
is
also
used
in
conjunction
with
exhibits
by
other
i n s t i t u t i o n s t h a t may b o r r o w materials i n t h e collections f o r e x h i b i t i o n away
f r o m Bishop Museum,
o r may r e q u i r e Museum s t a f f assistance i n c o n d u c t i n g
e x h i b i t i o n - r e l a t e d research.
library
staff
assistance
"Magnificent Voyagers:
Among t h e major r e c e n t e x h i b i t i o n s
and
collections
T h e U . S.
in
both
research
that
used
a n d loans were
E x p l o r i n g Expedition o f 1838-1842"
a t the
Smithsonian I n s t i t u t i o n , "Captain George V a n c o u v e r - - A Voyage of Discovery"
a t t h e Vancouver Museum,
and " A More Perfect Union: Japanese-Americans
a n d t h e U . S . Constitution",
of Natural History.
''
Many o f t h e items
available elsewhere.
on e x h i b i t a t t h e Smithsonian's National Museum
in the
Bishop Museum l i b r a r y collections a r e n o t
Those who a r e i n t e r e s t e d i n these materials m u s t c o n s u l t
t h e Bishop Museum collection.
T h e Bishop Museum l i b r a r y i s a p a r t i c i p a n t i n i n t e r - l i b r a r y
fiscal y e a r 1986,
loan.
In
t h e requests t o t h e Bishop Museum l i b r a r y f o r loans and
photocopies o f materials i n t h e collections outnumbered materials t h e Bishop
Museum requested f r o m o t h e r l i b r a r i e s . "
Reference
librarians
and
staff
members
at
other
institutions
also
r o u t i n e l y r e f e r requests f o r assistance i n specialized areas o f Hawaiian a n d
Pacific studies t o t h e
Bishop Museum.
I n fiscal y e a r
assistance w e r e received f r o m i n s t i t u t i o n s i n c l u d i n g ,
1986,
requests f o r
b u t n o t limited to,
the
U n i v e r s i t y o f Hawaii Hawaiian a n d Pacific Collections, t h e Hawaii State L i b r a r y
System, t h e Hawaii V i s i t o r ' s Bureau, several chambers of commerce, a n d o t h e r
reference services.
I n most cases information was requested,
guidance i n s e t t i n g u p a collection,
information,
needed.
or
other
types
of
b u t sometimes
specialized cataloguing o r collection care
requests
for
professional
assistance
was
THE B I S H O P MUSEUM
Information Resource f o r t h e Public
T h e B i s h o p Museum has s e r v e d as an information resource f o r t h e people
of t h e State, as well as f o r t h e nation a n d c e r t a i n f o r e i g n c o u n t r i e s .
This
section offers an i l l u s t r a t i o n of selected ways t h a t t h e B i s h o p Museum serves
t h i s function,
p r e s e n t i n g statistical information f r o m Museum r e c o r d s f o r t h e
1986 fiscal y e a r . 2 '
T h e Museum's A n t h r o p o l o g y Department o f f i c e received approximately 375
telephone calls r e q u e s t i n g :
(If
T r a n s l a t i o n s of Hawaiian words a n d phrases;
(2)
Hawaiian names f o r subdivisions, streets, a n d b u i l d i n g s ; a n d
(3)
Hawaiian phrases f o r media advertisements.
T h e Hawaii V i s i t o r ' s B u r e a u i n New Y o r k a n d i t s r e f e r r a l s were f r e q u e n t
callers.
T h e f r e q u e n c y a n d t y p e o f consultations in specified subject areas w e r e
as follows:
(1)
Archaelology a n d Osteology
(a)
400 calls;
( b ) 100 l e t t e r s ;
(cf
10
graduate
students
conducted
extended
research
on
collections;
(dl
80 i n d i v i d u a l s ,
Burke
Museum,
Resources,
such as representatives of Washington State's
the
Department
of
La i
and
Natural
t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f T o k y o , t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f Hawaii
STATE FUNDING FOR T H E BISHOP MUSEUM
a t Manoa, t h e U n i t e d States Army,
Home
Lands,
Tripler
Hospital,
t h e Department of Hawaiian
p r i v a t e c o n t r a c t archaeology
f i r m s , t h e Cook Islands, and T a h i t i ; a n d
(e)
32)
10 t o u r s
Hawaiian H i s t o r y a n d Ethnology
(a)
360 calls;
(b)
150 l e t t e r s ;
(cf
8
graduate
students
conducted
extended
research
on
collections;
[d)
1 student intern;
(e)
100
individuals,
including
Museum, Maori elders,
representatives
of
the
Belau
c r a f t s specialists, t h e Peabody Museum
o f Salem, Massachusetts, t h e Cook Islands, a n d T a h i t i ; a n d
(f)
(3)
25 t o u r s
T h e Hawaii lmmigrant H e r i t a g e Preservation C e n t e r
(a)
100 calls;
(b)
20 l e t t e r s ; a n d
(c)
A b o u t 2,000
Exhibition
v i s i t o r s v i s i t e d t h e Japanese lmmigrant Centennial
in
the
Hawaiian
lmmigrant
Heritage
Preservation
Center gallery.
(4)
Other:
5-10
area b y local
a r t i f a c t s a month,
community
b r o u g h t t o t h e v i s i t o r reception
members
were
assessed,
identified,
or
THE B I S H O P MUSEUM
referred
t o other
resources
by
s t a f f members,
as
2
community
service,
There
were
59 accessions
12,589
b y t h e Museum consisting o f
items
r e g i s t e r e d by t h e A n t h r o p o l o g y Department as follows:
Archaeology
collections:
12,367
items
including
316
historical
bottles a n d numerous stone, shell, a n d o t h e r a r t i f a c t s f r o m Hawaiian
sites.
Hawaiian ethnology a n d h i s t o r y collections:
148 items,
including
Hawaiian f e a t h e r lei, kapa, canoe b r e a k e r s , a n d a Kumalae 'ukulele.
Ethnic
immigrant
9
collections:
items,
including
Chinese
silk
c l o t h i n g a n d Korean w o r k h a t s .
Audio-recording
collections:
54
items,
including
historical
r e c o r d i n g s of Hawaiian music r e c o r d e d b y Hawaiians i n England a n d
an e x t e n s i v e Cook I s l a n d o r a l h i s t o r y collection.
Anthropology
developers,
state
legislation
Department
Moe
kau
i
relating
ka
assists
government
agencies,
and o t h e r s i n meeting t h e requirements of f e d e r a l a n d
to
c o n t r a c t archaeology p r o g r a m .
as
also
Ho'oilo,
historic
preservation,
primarily
through
Reports a r e p r o d u c e d f o r these projects,
Hawaiian
Mortuary
Practices
r e s u l t i n g f r o m t h e K u a k i n i H i g h w a y archaeology p r o j e c t .
in
Keopu,
its
such
Kona,
Public archaeology
s t a f f p a r t i c i p a t e in community h e a r i n g s a n d o t h e r meetings.
F o r example, t h e
Museum's H-3 archaeology w o r k has been p r e s e n t e d p u b l i c l y f o r t h e O f f i c e o f
Hawaiian A f f a i r s ,
t h e State Department o f
Hawaiian Archaeology,
hearings
for
the
Transportation,
t h e Society f o r
a n d t h e House a n d Senate T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Committee
State
Legislature.
Records
of
p r e h i s t o r y may b e t h e r e b y p r o d u c e d a n d disseminated.
Hawaiian
history
and
STATE FUNDING FOR T H E BISHOP MUSEUM
Government F u n d i n g
Currently,
the
State w h o wish
c h a p t e r 42,
B i s h o p Museum,
t o obtain
state
as
moneys,
other
p r i v a t e organizations i n t h e
applies
for
state
funding
under
Hawaii Revised Statutes, t h e g r a n t s , subsidies, a n d purchases o f
s e r v i c e law,
enacted i n 1981 b y A c t 207.
T h i s law implements t h e " p u b l i c
purposes" provision i n t h e state constitution which states:z2
APPROPRIATIONS FOR PRIVATE PURPOSES PROHIBITED
Section 4.
money
or
No t a x s h a l l be l e v i e d o r a p p r o p r i a t i o n o f p u b l i c
property
made,
nor
shall
the
public
credit
d i r e c t l y o r i n d i r e c t l y , except f o r a p u b l i c purpose.
be
used,
No g r a n t s h a l l
be made i n v i o l a t i o n o f S e c t i o n 4 o f A r t i c l e I o f t h i s c o n s t i t u t i o n .
No g r a n t of p u b l i c money o r p r o p e r t y s h a l l b e made except pursuant
t o standards p r o v i d e d by law.
Chapter
42
structures
the
review
of
private
organization
funding
r e q u e s t s as p a r t of t h e basic b u d g e t r e v i e w process o f
state government.
Private
and
organizations
reviewed
and
must
analyzed
meet
by
qualifying
appropriate
standards,
state
agencies.
requests
Those
are
requests
recommended f o r f u n d i n g b y t h e agencies a r e i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t o d e p a r t m e n t a l
budgets, and ultimately into t h e executive budget.
may
address
its
funding
request
p r i v a t e r e q u e s t s have n o t been
agency,
directly
to
T h e p r i v a t e organization
the
r e v i e w e d by t h e
Legislature,
b u t where
appropriate governmental
t h e c o n c e r n e d l e g i s l a t i v e committee i s r e q u i r e d t o send t h e r e q u e s t t o
t h e a p p r o p r i a t e a g e n c y f o r r e v i e w a n d recommendations.
I n adherence w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f law,
p r i v a t e nonprofit corporation,
t h e B i s h o p Museum,
as a
p r e s e n t l y s u b m i t s a n application t o t h e State
Foundation on C u l t u r e a n d t h e A r t s s p e c i f y i n g t h e services t h e Museum w i l l
p e r f o r m f o r t h e State a n d details t h e amount o f f u n d i n g necessary t o d o so.
F o r t h e 1987-1989 f i s c a l biennium,
t h e B i s h o p Museum competed f o r f u n d i n g
with
which
a
variety
recreation''
of
organizations
organizations,
including,
are
designated
b u t n o t l i m i t e d to,
as
"culture
and
t h e A r t s Council of
T H E BISHOP MUSEUM
Hawaii,
t h e Honolulu Symphony Society,
Lyman House Memorial Museum,
the
Hawaii I n t e r n a t i o n a l Jazz Festival, t h e Hawaii Performing A r t s Council, Hawaii
Theater,
the
Hawaiian
Canoe
Culture and A r t s . ' V h e
Racing
Association,
and
t h e Waianae
Coast
purchase-of-services c o n t r a c t does n o t p r o v i d e f o r
general o p e r a t i n g a n d a d m i n i s t r a t i v e costs,
one of t h e Museum's
greatest
category o f expenses, second o n l y t o research.
E x h i b i t 13 describes t h e State's financial c o n t r i b u t i o n t o t h e Museum's
o p e r a t i n g expenditures,
a f t e r 1970.
E x h i b i t 14 p r e s e n t s t h e percentage o f
t h e Museum's income w h i c h is p r o v i d e d b y t h e State.
Since 1975, t h e State
has n e v e r p r o v i d e d t h e Museum w i t h more t h a n 5 p e r c e n t o f t h e Museum's
o p e r a t i n g e x p e n d i t u r e s , a n d no more t h a n 5 p e r c e n t o f t h e Museum's income
has come f r o m t h e State.
appropriations:
(1)
P r i o r t o 1970, t h e Museum received t w o legislative
''
$25,000 i n 1953; a n d
Recently,
the
Bishop
Museum
became
a
recipient
of
a
MacArthur
Foundation g r a n t o f $765,513 t o develop an environmental education p r o g r a m
in
Hawaii's
schools.
The
g r a n t s a r e p a r t o f t h e U n i t e d States
Tropical
I n i t i a t i v e t h r o u g h w h i c h t h e M a c A r t h u r Foundation w i l l i n v e s t a t o t a l o f $ 7 . 5
million t h i s y e a r t o encourage t r o p i c a l f o r e s t conservation i n P u e r t o Rico, t h e
Florida Keys a n d t h e V i r g i n Islands, as well as i n H a ~ a i i . ' ~
Moreover, Congress a p p r o p r i a t e d $200,000 f o r a new o f f i c e t o b e housed
at the
Bishop Museum t o develop plans f o r a
Culture Institute.
N a t i v e Hawaiian
Arts
and
T h e Museum is responsible f o r a d m i n i s t e r i n g t h e p r o g r a m .
T h i s p r o g r a m is expected t o receive $1 million a y e a r i n f e d e r a l f u n d s f o r 4
years.26
Such p r i v a t e a n d f e d e r a l f u n d i n g appear t o i n d i c a t e confidence i n
t h e Museum's p r o g r a m s .
E x h i b i t 13
STATE CONTRIBUTION T O EXPENDITURES OF THE BISHOP MUSEUM
Fiscal Year
1970-1971
Amount
Amount
Appropriated
Released
Total
by State to
for
Museum
Xuseum for
Expenditure
Operating
General Operations
bj, state
Expenditures
$200,000
$200,000
Percentage of
State Released
Funds of
Total Museum
$1,648,285
1971-1972
-0-
-0-
1,723,757
1972-1973
-0-
-0-
1,744,541
1973-1974
-0-
-0-
1,837,947
1974-1975
-0-
-0-
1,914,920
1975-1976
100,000
100,000
2,196,679
1976-1977
100,000
100,000
2,579,608
1977-1978
100,000
70,000
3,410,448
1978-1979
100,000
1O0,000
3,360,805
1979-1980
-0-
-0-
3,828,902
1980-1981
150,000
150,000
4,287,943
1981-1982
250,000
250,000
4,794,837
1982-1983
250,000
250,000
5,107,750
1983-1984
252,788
240,750
4,794,245
1984-1985
255,000
242,676
5,465,696
1985-1986
255,000
248,115
4,974,420
Source: Haskins and Sells, Certified Public Accountants, "Auditors'
Opinion," June 30, 1971, June 30, 1972, Jnne 30, 1973,
Jnne 30, 1974, July 1, 1974 to March 11, 1975, Yarch 12, 1975
to June 30, 1975, June 30, 1976, June 30, 1977, June 30,
1978; Peat, Marvick, %itchell and Go. Certified Public
Accountants, "Bishop Xuseum: Financial Statements and
Schedules," June 30, 1979, June 30, 1980, June 20, 1981, June
30, 1982, June 30, 1983, June 30, 1984, Jnne 30, 1985, June
30, 1986; isto tor? of State Funding for Bishop Museum"
(Bishop Yuseum, February 23, 1987>. (Mimeographed).
Exhibit 14
STATE CONTRIBUTION T O INCOME OF THE BISHOP MUSEUM
Fiscal Year
Total Yuseum
Income
ioperatgng Funds)
Percentage
of Museum's
Total Income
Contributed
to by &tS
Source: Haskins and Sells, Certified Public Accountants,
"Auditors' Opinion,$ 1 June 30, 1971, June 30, 1972,
June 30, 1973, June 30, 1974, July 1, 1974 to March 11,
1975, March 12, 1975 to June 30, 1975, June 30, 1976,
June 30, 1977, June 30, 1978; Peat, Marwick, Mitchell
and Co. Certified Public Accountants, "Bishop Museum:
Financial Statements and Schedules," June 30, 1979,
June 30, 1980, June 20, 1981, June 30, 1982, June 30,
1983, June 30, 1984, June 30, 1985, June 30, 1986.
STATE FUNDING FOR THE B I S H O P MUSEUM
Waipi'o Valley
Senate C o n c u r r e n t Resolution No. 56 requests t h a t t h e Bureau's " s t u d y
consider acquisition,
b y t h e State of Hawaii,
of those Bishop Museum real
estate p r o p e r t i e s t h a t a r e o f c u l t u r a l a n d h i s t o r i c a l significance t o t h e people
of
Hawaii".
According
properties"
to the
refer to the
Museum administratiort,
Island o f
Hawaii Waipi'o
"those
real
estate
Valley Museum holdings,
which were p a r t of Charles Reed Bishop's o r i g i n a l endowment f o r t h e Museum.
T h e v a l l e y h a d been a good source o f income,
taxes r e c e n t l y increased,
Therefore,
g i v i n g t h e Museum a new u n b u d g e t e d expense."
t h e Museum wants t o sell t h e p r o p e r t y a n d use t h e proceeds o f
t h e sale f o r t h e endowment o f t h e Museum.
could
obtain
a
higher
would
be
Resources,
S.D.
A c c o r d i n g t o t h e Museum,
t h e land's h i s t o r i c sites would n o t b e
Were t h e State t o p u r c h a s e t h i s p r o p e r t y ,
able
to
be
it
p r i c e f o r t h e land if sold t o a p r i v a t e i n v e s t o r .
However, u n d e r these circumstances,
protected.
b u t r e n t s h a v e d r i e d up a n d
preserved.
The
Department o f
these h i s t o r i c sites
Land and
Natural
in i t s r e p o r t t o t h e 1987 L e g i s l a t u r e on Senate Resolution No. 196,
1, A p r i l 17,
1986, e n t i t l e d " E x p l o r e t h e Feasibility of State A c q u i s i t i o n
o f Waipi'o Valley on t h e Island o f Hawaii",
recommendations.
discusses t h i s issue,
and makes
Chapter 4
PERCEIVED C O N T R I B U T I O N OF THE BISHOP MUSEUM
T O THE S T A T E OF HAWAII
T h e B u r e a u s u r v e y e d 25 state departments a n d agencies r e p o r t e d b y t h e
Museum
as
recipients
of
services,
including
the
University
of
Hawaii,
r e q u e s t i n g information about t h e c o n t r i b u t i o n p r o v i d e d b y t h e B i s h o p Museum
t o t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e departments,
from
the
Governor's
A t t o r n e y General,
Office;
free of charge.
the
state
Responses w e r e received
departments
Business and Economic Development,
N a t u r a l Resources,
Transportation,
of
Agriculture,
Education,
the
Land and
a n d t h e State Foundation on C u l t u r e a n d
t h e A r t s ; t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f Hawaii C e n t e r f o r O r a l H i s t o r y ; t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f
Hawaii departments of Anthropology,
Music;
the
University of
Hawaii
Indo-Pacific Languages,
Press;
the
Research
Linguistics, and
Corporation
of
the
U n i v e r s i t y o f Hawaii; t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f Hawaii School o f Hawaiian, Asian, a n d
Pacific
Studies;
Institute.
and
the
University
of
Hawaii
Social
Science
Research
One u n i d e n t i f i e d completed q u e s t i o n n a i r e was also received.
The
main p o i n t s o f t h e respondents a r e set f o r t h below.
Department of A g r i c u l t u r e '
T h e Department of A g r i c u l t u r e has b e n e f i t e d f r o m t h e services p r o v i d e d
b y t h e Museum, especially assistance i n i d e n t i f y i n g o r c o n f i r m i n g insect a n d
p l a n t species new t o t h e State o r n o t p r e s e n t i n t h e Department's collection.
C e r t a i n new organisms may b e p o t e n t i a l l y damaging t o Hawaii's a g r i c u l t u r e a n d
ecosystem a n d p r o m p t identifications a r e essential.
Also,
t h e Museum o f f e r s
assistance in locating r a r e endangered p l a n t species w h i c h may b e i n h a b i t i n g
areas u n d e r consideration f o r noxious weed c o n t r o l o r eradication p r o j e c t s .
T h e Department's
insect taxonomist
is exposed t o a
l a r g e number of
insects a n d related organisms w i t h i n many d i f f e r e n t o r d e r s a n d does n o t have
adequate time a n d resources t o develop e x p e r t i s e about e v e r y g r o u p .
unfamiliar o r uncommon species,
t h e e x p e r t i s e o f specialists,
For
such as those
STATE FUNDING FOR THE BISHOP MUSEUM
available at t h e Museum, a r e r e q u i r e d .
I n Hawaii, t h e r e a r e many agencies
a n d i n d i v i d u a l s i n v o l v e d i n p r o j e c t s r e q u i r i n g i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f insects a n d t h e
numbers of requests f o r i d e n t i f i c a t i o n f a r exceeds t h e workload o f t h e state
taxonomists.
Each i d e n t i f i c a t i o n would b e w o r t h $500 t o $1,000,
b u t i s given t o t h e
Department by t h e Museum f r e e o f c h a r g e .
Improvements a t t h e Museum c o u l d b e made b y increasing s t a f f t o i n c l u d e
specialists far o r d e r s o f insects f o r w h i c h t h e r e a r e c u r r e n t l y no specialists.
Also,
more technicians could b e added t o r e l i e v e t h e specialists o f r o u t i n e
w o r k , so t h e y may concentrate on research.
Services p r o v i d e d b y t h e Museum have been excellent a n d v e r y p r o m p t .
However, t h e t e r m i n a t i o n o f t h e malacologist's position has s e r i o u s l y c u r t a i l e d
identifications o f snails a n d slugs,
w h i c h a r e serious pests o f p l a n t s a n d a r e
f r e q u e n t l y encountered i n incoming shipments b y p l a n t q u a r a n t i n e i n s p e c t o r s .
T h e Museum is i n a position t o b e a w o r l d class a u t h o r i t y on Pacific
insects.
Many Pacific c o u n t r i e s lack adequate f u n d s a n d resources f o r p r o p e r
identifications o f insects a n d must depend on i n s t i t u t i o n s l i k e t h e Museum f o r
their
identifications.
T h e Museum
in
this
way
can
promote i n t e r n a t i o n a l
goodwill a n d recognition f o r t h e State o f Hawaii.
T h e Department i s "excited o f t h e p o s s i b i l i t y " o f d e s i g n a t i n g t h e Museum
as Hawaii's State Museum f o r N a t u r a l a n d C u l t u r a l H i s t o r y .
Department o f t h e A t t o r n e y Generalz
I n t h e p a s t t h e L i t i g a t i o n D i v i s i o n of t h e Department o f t h e A t t o r n e y
General has solicited t h e services o f t h e B i s h o p Museum's planetarium f o r
lunar
information on a few
cases w h e r e n i g h t t i m e v i s i b i l i t y
was a f a c t o r .
However, these services w e r e p a i d f o r , an estimated $50 t o $100 a case.
CONTRIBUTION OF THE BISHOP MUSEUM
A c c o r d i n g t o t h e Department,
a l t h o u g h these services were believed t o
b e necessary a n d desirable a t t h e time t h e y w e r e solicited, o t h e r s besides t h e
Bishop Museum c o u l d p r o v i d e similar services.
Department o f Business a n d Economic Development3
The
Museum
does
not
currently
provide
the
Department
with
any
services f r e e o f c h a r g e .
A r e c e n t c o n t r a c t between t h e State a n d t h e Museum, administered b y
t h e Department, p r o v i d e d f o r t h e services o f a "State Geographer",
but this
w o r k was n o t f r e e o f c h a r g e .
Previously,
Museum's
the
Department received considerable assistance from t h e
Geography
and
Geographer/Cartographer,
Mapping
Department.
In
1984,
the
Museum's
helped i n t h e p r e p a r a t i o n o f t h e Department map o f
In 1980 a n d 1986, t h e Museum's G e o g r a p h e r / C a r t o g r a p h e r
" T h e New Pacific".
p r o v i d e d much o f t h e data needed f o r f o u r tables i n t h e State o f Hawaii Data
Book.
However,
t h e Geography a n d Mapping D i v i s i o n was
Museum o v e r a y e a r ago,
a n d t h e Department has n o t
abolished by t h e
received a n y f r e e
services since t h e n .
Department o f Education4
The
Department c u r r e n t l y
provides a full-time
liaison teacher t o t h e
Museum, who is also a n associate s t a f f member o f t h e Museum.
has t h r e e educational
T h e Museum
specialists a n d a s e c r e t a r y assigned t o i t s education
section who devote a p o r t i o n o f t h e i r time p r e p a r i n g e x h i b i t s w h i c h w i l l b e o f
i n t e r e s t t o v a r i o u s audiences,
including children.
Services a r e p r o v i d e d by
Department specialists a n d Museum s t a f f on a collaborative basis.
Public school s t u d e n t s p a y $1.OO a c h i l d t o t o u r t h e Museum a n d v i s i t
exhibits.
There
is
no
charge
for
required
supervising
adults.
Other
STATE FUNDING FOR THE BISHOP MUSEUM
accompanying a d u l t s a r e c h a r g e d $1.00 a p e r s o n .
T h e fee f o r planetarium
programs is $1.00 a student, w i t h a 350.00 minimum.
Specimen samplers ( i n d i v i d u a l t e a c h i n g w o r k s ) a r e available f o r one week
rental periods.
T h e cost is $30.00 a sampler.
A t h e r t o n Halau has been made
available o n a limited basis f o r meetings and i n s e r v i c e t r a i n i n g sessions.
Museum s t a f f o f f e r some i n s e r v i c e t r a i n i n g sessions,
which t h e Department
s t a f f a r e i n v i t e d t o a t t e n d f r e e of c h a r g e .
The
activities.
new
Museum
director
has
increased
the
educational
staff
and
T h i s has r e s u l t e d in e x h i b i t s w h i c h a r e more c a r e f u l l y geared t o
s t u d e n t i n t e r e s t s a n d level o f u n d e r s t a n d i n g .
A teacher a d v i s o r y committee
was established t h i s summer, which is scheduled t o meet once a q u a r t e r .
T h e Museum c o u l d improve i t s services by w o r k i n g more closely w i t h
Department specialists i n p l a n n i n g f o r i n s e r v i c e sessions i n w h i c h Department
s t a f f w i l l participate,
a n d also b y n o t c h a r g i n g s t u d e n t s f o r admission t o t h e
e x h i b i t s , as i n t h e p a s t .
It is t o t h e advantage o f all of Hawaii's citizens t h a t Hawaii have a f i r s t
class museum.
important t h a t
T h e Bishop Museum is a q u a l i t y museum.
the
Museum has
a
quality
I n p a r t i c u l a r , it is
Pacific collection.
Museum c o n t r i b u t e s t o t h e schools a n d t h e State,
T h e Bishop
t o t h e e x t e n t t o w h i c h it
can make i t s collections a n d e x h i b i t s available t o Hawaii's s t u d e n t s .
Department o f L a n d a n d N a t u r a l Resources D i v i s i o n o f H i s t o r i c Sitess
T h e D i v i s i o n receives no f r e e services f r o m t h e Museum.
It does receive
cooperation f r o m t h e Museum a n d i t s s t a f f , b u t p a y s f o r services p r o v i d e d .
Department o f T r a n s p o r t a t i o n 6
The
Department
regularly
contracts
with
the
archaeological services f o r capital improvement projects,
is p a i d f o r services r e n d e r e d .
Museum
to
provide
however t h e Museum
CONTRIBUTION OF THE BISHOP MUSEUM
The
Department
supports
because it p l a y s an i m p o r t a n t
the
Museum's
being
publicly
supported,
r o l e i n p r e s e r v i n g a n d p r e s e n t i n g Hawaii's
history.
State Foundation o n C u l t u r e and t h e A r t s 7
T h e Foundation does n o t receive a n y services f r e e o f c h a r g e f r o m t h e
Museum, b u t t h e Foundation has w o r k e d i n cooperation w i t h t h e Museum on a
number
of
projects.
T h e Foundation also administers state f u n d s t o t h e
Museum, f u n d i n g w h i c h has f l u c t u a t e d g r e a t l y o v e r t h e y e a r s .
The
Foundation
has
supported
c0ncep.t
the
of
regular
annual
a p p r o p r i a t i o n s t h a t w o u l d enable t h e Museum t o do more e f f e c t i v e l o n g r a n g e
planning and budgeting.
F u n d s t o t h e Museum should b e administered b y t h e
Foundation, which c o u l d also p r o v i d e o v e r s i g h t a n d m o n i t o r i n g .
T h e B i s h o p Museum is one of t h e world's foremost scientific museums,
a n d t h e major i n s t i t u t i o n o n Pacific h i s t o r y a n d c u l t u r e .
It n o t o n l y serves
as a valuable educational r e s o u r c e but is also a major t o u r i s t a t t r a c t i o n .
U n i v e r s i t y o f Hawaii C e n t e r f o r O r a l H i s t o r y s
T h e Museum p r o v i d e s t h e C e n t e r w i t h p h o t o collection services, i n c l u d i n g
staff
assistance
reproduction
fees
in
searching
for
for
publication
essential because t h e Museum
photographs,
in
historical
particular
Museum's p h o t o collection
is
is
the
of
the
fully
photographs.
only
R.J.
photographs
repository
Baker
and
These
for
services
many
Collection.
identified and
waiver
are
historical
Moreover,
catalogued,
of
the
unlike other
p h o t o archives, a n d is professionally s t a f f e d .
Because of a g r o w t h i n p u b l i c a t i o n activities, t h e C e n t e r f o r O r a l H i s t o r y
has increased i t s use o f t h e Museum's p h o t o collection
years.
The
photo
collection
p e r m i t t i n g weekend research.
has
recently
scheduled
services
in
Saturday
recent
hours,
T h e Museum also has plans t o make available a
STATE FUNDING FOR THE BISHOP MUSEUM
data base a n d r e - r e c o r d e d tapes o f t h e Museum's Hawaiian a u d i o - r e c o r d i n g
collections, w h i c h w i l l b e a boon t o researchers.
Because t h e C e n t e r considers t h e Museum's services t o b e i m p o r t a n t t o
t h e q u a l i t y o f t h e i r publications a n d also notes t h e p o s i t i v e impact o f t h e
Museum on o t h e r state agencies, p a r t i c u l a r l y t h e Department o f Education, t h e
C e n t e r s u p p o r t s t h e Museum's p u r s u i t of line item state f u n d i n g .
U n i v e r s i t y of Hawaii Department o f A n t h r o p o l o g y g
A n t h r o p o l o g y a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y and t h e Bishop Museum h a v e h a d a l o n g
a n d f r u i t f u l association.
F o r example,
t h e f i r s t A n t h r o p o l o g y c o u r s e was
t a u g h t a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y i n 1922 by a s t a f f member o f t h e B i s h o p Museum who
volunteered
Anthropology
his services.
Now,
the
archaeologists
a n d t h e Bishop Museum o f t e n w o r k
consult w i t h one another,
and
in
general,
have
of
the
Department
closely t o g e t h e r .
a
collegial
of
They
relationship.
U n i v e r s i t y a n t h r o p o l o g i s t s also use ethnological and archaeological a r t i f a c t s in
t h e Museum collections.
Museum s t a f f teach A n t h r o p o l o g y courses,
p a i d as i n d i v i d u a l s f o r t h i s service.
and a r e
S t u d e n t s use t h e Museum l i b r a r y a n d
collections f o r research p a p e r s a n d t h e p r e p a r a t i o n o f d i s s e r t a t i o n s .
Museum's research f u n c t i o n ,
which
The
has s u f f e r e d u n d e r t h e b u d g e t c r i s i s ,
should b e enhanced.
U n i v e r s i t y o f Hawaii Department o f lndo-Pacific Languages"
T h e Museum does n o t p r o v i d e a n y c o n s u l t a n t o r e x h i b i t services f r e e of
c h a r g e t o t h i s Department.
I n t h e past,
some o f t h e Hawaiian language f a c u l t y have w o r k e d w i t h
collections o f t h e Museum.
But currently,
none is d o i n g so.
Because t h e
Museum is Hawaii's p r i m a r y r e p o s i t o r y o f a r t i f a c t s a n d information r e l a t i n g t o
t r a d i t i o n a l Hawaiian c u l t u r e ,
Hawaiian h i s t o r y ,
a n d Hawaiian f l o r a a n d fauna,
t h e Museum is an i m p o r t a n t resource f o r all t h e people o f t h e State,
and
t h e r e f o r e i t is e n t i r e l y a p p r o p r i a t e f o r t h e State t o p r o v i d e f i n a n c i a l s u p p o r t
t o t h e Museum.
CONTRIBUTION OF THE BISHOP MUSEUM
U n i v e r s i t y of Hawaii Department of L i n g u i s t i c s "
T h e Bishop Museum s t a f f have always been viewed as colleagues r a t h e r
t h a n those who p e r f o r m services.
seventies,
those
In
the
past,
during
the
sixties
it was a pleasure t o i n t e r a c t w i t h t h e research s t a f f ,
in
Anthropology,
prehistory.
This
as
we
interaction
worked
was
together
considered
on
to
questions
be
very
and
especially
of
Pacific
desirable
and
necessary t o a museum t h a t advances science (as c o n t r a s t e d w i t h one t h a t
merely passes it along).
Museum research positions s h o u l d b e r e s t o r e d .
Many of t h e scholars t h e
Department used t o i n t e r a c t w i t h a r e n o t t h e r e a n y more.
" H a v i n g a f i r s t - r a t e museum is so c l e a r l y in t h e p u b l i c i n t e r e s t t h a t t h e
State s h o u l d s u p p o r t t h e Museum l i b e r a l l y , i n m y o p i n i o n . "
U n i v e r s i t y of Hawaii Music Department"
The
Museum's
Hawaiian music,
Anthropology
staff,
particularly
those
involved
with
have a h i s t o r y o f f r e q u e n t contact w i t h t h e Department.
Museum a r c h i v e s o f r e c o r d e d music a n d data related t o music a n d dance have
been made available f o r t h e music f a c u l t y
Museum s t a f f
member,
also
an
a n d students
for
research.
A
a f f i l i a t e f a c u l t y t o t h e Music Department,
occasionally lectures t o Music Department classes.
However,
t h e i n t e r a c t i o n between t h e U n i v e r s i t y and t h e Museum c o u l d
b e i m p r o v e d immeasurably w i t h a computer
n e t w o r k w i t h mutual access t o
archives, collections, and o t h e r data resources.
T h e changes o v e r t h e years in t h e relationship between t h e Department
and
the
Museum
Previously,
is
principal
tied
to
individuals
interaction
with
Polynesian dance a n d p e r f o r m i n g a r t s ,
the
and
their
Museum
particular
was
interests.
centered
around
while c u r r e n t l y i t is more specifically
Hawaii-oriented, d u e t o t h e specialties o f t h e s t a f f members.
STATE FUNDING FOR T H E BISHOP MUSEUM
T h e Museum is an
Pacific studies,
internationally
known
repository f o r
p a r t i c u l a r l y i n t h e area of c u l t u r a l studies.
Hawaiian a n d
T h e State of
Hawaii must encourage more research and s t u d y o n i t s own c u l t u r e s and i t s
own expressive resources,
n o t o n l y t o b r i n g them i n t o t h e p u r v i e w o f t h e
international c u l t u r a l community, b u t also t o p r e s e r v e and p e r p e t u a t e them f o r
t h e resident community.
T h e leadership for b u i l d i n g such
resources must
come f r o m w i t h i n t h e State r a t h e r t h a n f r o m o u t s i d e scholars.
One o f t h e ways o f s u p p o r t i n g such a development is t o p r o v i d e t a n g i b l e
s u p p o r t t o t h e Museum.
A l t h o u g h it is a p r i v a t e organization,
much i n p u t f o r t h e p u b l i c sector as well as t h e p r i v a t e sector.
it p r o v i d e s
It would b e a
shame a n d an embarrassment i f t h e Museum became a second-rate i n s t i t u t i o n
because o f t h e lack o f s u p p o r t .
U n i v e r s i t y o f Hawaii P r e s s x 3
T h e Museum p r o v i d e s access t o l i b r a r y and research facilities f o r many
o f t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f Hawaii Press a u t h o r s .
materials
from
publications.
the
Museum
archives
Photographs and o t h e r i l l u s t r a t i v e
are
sometimes
used
in
the
Press
T h e d o l l a r costs o f t h e services t h a t t h e Museum o f f e r s t o t h e
Press are. incalculable,
because many a u t h o r s would b e unable t o p u r s u e t h e i r
scholarly research w i t h o u t t h e facilities o f t h e Museum l i b r a r y and a r c h i v e s .
The
interest
in
Hawaii a n d t h e
Pacific generated by t h e Museum is
reflected i n increased i n t e r e s t i n t h e books p u b l i s h e d about t h e region.
U n i v e r s i t y o f Hawaii School of Hawaiian, Asian, a n d Pacific Studies"
Museum personnel c o n t r i b u t e t o t h e teaching p r o g r a m in t h e C e n t e r f o r
Pacific Islands Studies, a n d s t u d e n t s use t h e Museum l i b r a r y and collections
f o r t e r m papers a n d theses.
ease
of
access
documents.
to
the
Improvements can b e made by increasing t h e
Museum's
collections
of
artifacts
and
historical
" T h e Bishop Museum p r o v i d e s a v e r y i m p o r t a n t service t o t h e
State and I s t r o n g l y f a v o r state financial assistance t o t h e Museum."
CONTRIBUTION OF THE B I S H O P MUSEUM
U n i v e r s i t y of Hawaii Social Science Research I n ~ t i t u t e ' ~
T h i s I n s t i t u t e did n o t receive a n y f r e e services f r o m t h e Museum.
The
Museum is a major asset t o t h e State o f Hawaii since i t is t h e o n l y p u b l i c
repository
for
artifacts
of
the
Hawaiian
and
other
Pacific
people,
and
t h e r e f o r e should receive major state f u n d i n g .
The
Museum
staff
a d v i s o r y committees.
Museum.
have
served
as
members
of
this
state
agency's
T h i s agency's s t a f f use t h e l i b r a r y - r e f e r e n c e s of t h e
E n t r a n c e fees f o r c u l t u r a l exchange g r o u p s a n d d i g n i t a r i e s h a v e
been waived upon r e q u e s t .
Facilities a n d resources have been used b y t h i s
agency w i t h r e n t a l fees waived o r permission g r a n t e d f o r usage.
T h i s agency
does n o t have t h e facilities t o c o n d u c t c u l t u r a l a c t i v i t i e s a n d events a t i t s
p r e s e n t location n o r i n an e n v i r o n m e n t as c o n d u c i v e as f o u n d at t h e Museum.
Also,
the
library-references
of
the
Museum a r e
in
many
cases
unique,
especially t h e p h o t o g r a p h y a n d m a n u s c r i p t collections.
A l t h o u g h t h e resources o f t h e Museum a r e more accessible t o t h e general
public
than
before,
cooperation,
waiver
of
staff
time,
fees,
services,
accessibility t o collections f o r research, a n d i m p r o v e d professional s t a n d a r d s
for staff
States,
Also,
a r e y e t t o equal t h o s e o f comparable i n s t i t u t i o n s i n t h e U n i t e d
especially those t h a t have N a t i v e American collections and resources.
t h e Museum s h o u l d p r o v i d e services t o t h e
community and educational g r o u p s ,
neighbor
islands,
both
especially in areas w i t h a h i g h Hawaiian
population.
Museum services have been made more accessible a n d available,
whole.
emphasis
Archaeological
on
contract
information
s h a r i n g has become
archaeological
surveys
for
limited
due
p r i v a t e groups,
on t h e
to the
thereby
l i m i t i n g access t o valuable i n f o r m a t i o n c o n c e r n i n g h i s t o r i c p r e s e r v a t i o n i n t h i s
State because t h e information is limited by t h e c o n t r a c t o r .
Chapter 5
F I N D I N G S A N D RECOMMENDATIONS
Findings
Museums
are
u n i q u e a n d i m p o r t a n t educational
institutions.
They are
t h e t r u s t e d g u a r d i a n s o f t h e objects o f o u r h e r i t a g e ,
a n d create a permanent
record of t h e world's cultural and natural heritage.
Museums p r e s e r v e a n d
s t u d y c u l t u r a l a n d n a t u r a l specimens, a n d s h a r e t h e collections a n d knowledge
with the public.
A b r o a d - b a s e d system o f p u b l i c s u p p o r t f o r museums has developed w i t h
government,
business,
foundations,
individuals,
t h r o u g h t h e i r own e f f o r t s a n d endowments,
i n t h e U n i t e d States.
general
operating
expenses.
c o n t r i b u t i n g t o s u p p o r t museums
T h e most p r e s s i n g f i n a n c i a l needs of museums a r e f o r
costs
o p e r a t i n g expenses;
a n d t h e museums themselves
and
the
development
t h e care and organization
of
of
their
endowments
collections;
and
for
capital
It is more d i f f i c u l t f o r museums t o o b t a i n f u n d i n g f o r g e n e r a l
o p e r a t i n g costs,
s u c h as p e s t c o n t r o l a n d u t i l i t i e s ,
than f o r h i g h l y visible
projects.
State
educational
development
and
local
institutions,
of
their
governments
consider
b u t museums may
community.
As
museums
to
be
cultural
and
also c o n t r i b u t e t o t h e economic
cultural
amenities,
they
enrich t h e
q u a l i t y of l i f e i n a community, a n d may t h e r e f o r e h e l p communities t o a t t r a c t ,
hold, a n d stimulate b u s i n e s s a n d t o u r i s m .
It appears t h a t a m a j o r i t y o f states d o n o t g i v e l i n e item f u n d i n g t o
p r i v a t e museums,
n o r f o r t h a t matter, t o p r i v a t e o r g a n i z a t i o n s , o f t e n because
o f state c o n s t i t u t i o n a l p r o h i b i t i o n s .
Many states,
i n c l u d i n g Hawaii, f u n d t h e i r
museums t h r o u g h a s t a t e a g e n c y b y g r a n t s o r p u r c h a s e o f s e r v i c e c o n t r a c t s .
FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
T h e advantages o f r e g u l a r g o v e r n m e n t s u p p o r t t o museums inciude:
(I)
The
presentation
of
a
strong
statement
of
commitment
by
government t o t h e museum, w h i c h stimulates p r i v a t e g i v i n g ;
(2)
Allowing f o r orderly and effective long-term program planning and
implementation b y t h e museum; a n d
(3)
H e i p i n g t o s u p p o r t t h e museum's endowment.
Problems associated w i t h government s u p p o r t t o museums include:
(1)
In t h e e v e n t o f economic d i f f i c u l t i e s , museums a r e o f t e n t h e f i r s t t o
feel t h e e f f e c t s o f reduced g o v e r n m e n t s u p p o r t ;
(2)
In
spending
government
appropriated
laws
and
funds,
regulations,
it
is
which
necessary
limit
the
to
apply
museum
as
compared w i t h organizations i n t h e p r i v a t e sector; a n d
(3)
T h e museum may b e r e q u i r e d t o spend i t s own resources i n o r d e r
t o meet t h e commitments o f g o v e r n m e n t s u p p o r t .
T h e Smithsonian I n s t i t u t i o n is an example o f a museum w i t h a p u b l i c p r i v a t e sector partnership.
T h e Smithsonian a l t h o u g h p r i v a t e l y - e n d o w e d a n d
admini3tered by a B o a r d o f Regents independent o f t h e f e d e r a l government, is
also
supported
financially
by
the
federal
government.
Congress
has
c o n s i s t e n t l y maintained t h e i n t e g r i t y o f t h e Smithsonian I n s t i t u t i o n ' s t r u s t a n d
i t s independence f r o m t h e administration of c i v i l government.
Congress
federal
began t o supplement t h e Smithsonian's t r u s t resources w i t h
support
when
the
federal
government's
museum
collection
was
t r a n s f e r r e d f r o m t h e Patent O f f i c e t o t h e Smithsonian, making t h e Smithsonian
the
curator
of
the
national
collection.
Congress
continued
the
annual
a p p r o p r i a t i o n p r e v i o u s l y made t o t h e Commissioner of Patents f o r i t s care a n d
STATE FUNDING FOR THE BISHOP MUSEUM
exhibition.
T h e f e d e r a l g o v e r n m e n t c u r r e n t l y c o n t r i b u t e s a b o u t half o f t h e
Smithsonian I n s t i t u t i o n ' s income, u n d e r t h e i r p u b l i c - p r i v a t e p a r t n e r s h i p .
T h e Bishop Museum was o r i g i n a l l y f o u n d e d t o s t o r e Hawaiian heirlooms.
T h e Bishop Museum t r u s t is a separate a n d d i s t i n c t t r u s t f r o m t h e Bishop
Estate,
a n d has n o t been able t o b e n e f i t f r o m t h e resources o f t h e Bishop
Estate, as is o f t e n assumed because o f t h e "Bishop" i n i t s name.
From
i t s beginnings,
t h e Museum was
g o v e r n m e n t . museum collection,
a r e p o s i t o r y f o r t h e Hawaiian
a n d f o r f i f t y - f i v e years,
b e g i n n i n g i n 1921,
t h e Museum was legally t h e o n l y d e p o s i t o r y f o r c u l t u r a l a n d n a t u r a l h i s t o r y
specimens i n t h e State.
I n 1976, t h e o f f i c i a l role o f t h e Bishop Museum as
state d e p o s i t o r y was e x t e n d e d t o o t h e r "qualified"
museums i n t h e State,
although t h e Bishop Museum is t h e o n l y museum c i t e d by name i n t h i s h i s t o r i c
preservation statute.
The
Bishop Museum has a collection
T h e t y p e s o f facilities,
exhibitions,
n u m b e r i n g 20,883,300
and activities offered b y
specimens.
the
Bishop
Museum appear t o b e comparable t o those p r o v i d e d a t o t h e r n a t u r a l h i s t o r y
museums i n t h e c o u n t r y .
o f 1971 a n d 1987,
A c c o r d i n g t o Legislative Reference B u r e a u s u r v e y s
t h e Bishop Museum s t a f f salaries have increased a n d a r e
now generally a t t h e level o f o t h e r museums s u r v e y e d .
Museum has expanded so t h a t
T h e income of t h e
it is n o l o n g e r well below all o f t h e o t h e r
independent museums s u r v e y e d .
The
research
Bishop
and
Museum's
administrative
expenditures
and
are
operating
e x p e n d i t u r e s were l a r g e l y spent o n research.
p r e s e n t l y s p e n t p r i m a r i l y on
costs,
whereas
in
1971,
T h e B i s h o p Museum, as well as
t h e American Museum o f N a t u r a l H i s t o r y a n d t h e Field Museum o f
History,
the
Natural
has s h i f t e d f r o m h a v i n g research as t h e p r i m a r y a c t i v i t y o f t h e
Museum i n 1971, t o h a v i n g research a s one o f several p r i m a r y a c t i v i t i e s .
The
Bishop Museum is t h e o n l y museum s u r v e y e d t h a t has less professional staff
i n 1986 t h a n it did i n 1971.
FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
I n 1985, t h e Bishop Museum's research p r o g r a m was c u t Sack severely,
t o stabilize t h e b u d g e t .
employees
and
the
Certain individuals,
b o t h Museum and non-Museum
a r e concerned t h a t because o f t h e diminished research f u n c t i o n
importance
of
research
to
exhibition
and
public
education.
the
Museum may b e becoming more o f a t o u r i s t a t t r a c t i o n , a n d n o t a museum of
excellence.
T h e Museum serves t o educate t h e general p u b l i c a n d s t u d e n t s t h r o u g h
D u r i n g t h e 1986 fiscal year,
i t s many educational a c t i v i t i e s .
v i s i t e d t h e Museum,
of whom w e r e s t u d e n t s .
engaged
i n research o r developing programs about Hawaii a n d t h e Pacific,
television
projects,
and
unique
broadcasts,
books.
Museum
to
the
newspaper
Museum,
Bishop Museum
which
as
materials
The
people
library,
such
has
22,357
227,240
and
departments,
assists
individuals
magazine articles,
such
as
the
student
Anthropo!ogy
Department, s e r v e as information resources on Hawaii's c u l t u r e a n d n a t u r a l
h i s t o r y f o r t h e community, t h e mainland, a n d abroad.
w i t h e x h i b i t s a t o t h e r museums,
T h e Museum also helps
such as "A More Perfect Union: Japanese-
Americans a n d t h e U . S . Constitution,"
c u r r e n t l y on e x h i b i t a t t h e Smithsonian
Institution.
As
agencies,
perceived
by
contributions
certain
of
the
administrators
Bishop Museum,
of
state
f r e e of
departments
charge,
and
to their
respective department o r agency include:
(1)
Assistance in i d e n t i f y i n g insect a n d p l a n t species;
12)
P r o v i d i n g p h o t o collection services;
(3)
M a k i n g available archives of recorded music;
14)
C o n t r i b u t i n g t o u n i v e r s i t y t e a c h i n g programs b y s t a f f lectures a n d
i t s l i b r a r y resources;
( 5 ) A l l o w i n g facilities t o b e used f o r c u l t u r a l events a n d activities;
STATE FUNDING FOR T H E B I S H O P MUSEUM
(6)
Waiving e n t r a n c e fees f o r c u l t u r a l exchange g r o u p s a n d dignitaries,
u p o n request; a n d
(7)
S t a f f s e r v i n g on state a d v i s o r y committees.
Problem areas i d e n t i f i e d by these administrators include:
(1)
With t h e termination o f t h e malacologist's position,
identification o f
snails a n d slugs, serious pests o f plants, has been curtailed;
(2)
Since t h e geography
a n d mapping d i v i s i o n was abolished b y t h e
Museum o v e r a y e a r ago,
no g e o g r a p h y a n d c a r t o g r a p h y services
have been f r e e l y o f f e r e d t o t h e State;
(3)
Public school s t u d e n t s who v i s i t t h e Museum t h r o u g h Department of
Education programs p a y a $1.00 admission fee;
(4)
More
services
to
neighbor
islands,
both
community
and
school
g r o u p s , especially i n areas w i t h a h i g h Hawaiian population,
should
b e offered;
(51
Research positions s h o u l d b e restored;
16)
Ease o f access t o collections should be improved;
(7)
T h e s h a r i n g o f valuable archaeological f i n d i n g s r e l a t i n g t o h i s t o r i c
p r e s e r v a t i o n i n t h e State has been limited d u e t o t h e emphasis on
c o n t r a c t archaeology f o r p r i v a t e g r o u p s .
T h e Museum c u r r e n t l y receives state f u n d s t h r o u g h t h e State Foundation
o f Culture and t h e Arts,
purchases of
s e r v i c e law.
u n d e r c h a p t e r 42,
Under this
the
grants,
subsidies,
and
law t h e r e is n o p r o v i s i o n f o r t h e
r e g u l a r s u p p o r t o f general o p e r a t i n g costs, a p r e s s i n g expense o f t h e B i s h o p
Museum,
as well as o f o t h e r museums i n t h e nation.
Since 1975, t h e State
FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
has
contributed
no more t h a n
five
per
cent
toward
t h e Museum's
total
o p e r a t i n g e x p e n d ~ t u r e s a n d t o w a r d t h e t o t a l o p e r a t i n g income of t h e Museum.
Recommendations
1.
Should t h e
L e g i s l a t u r e perceive t h a t
the
Bishop
Museum is an
i m p o r t a n t i n s t i t u t i o n which p r o v i d e s a s i g n i f i c a n t p u b l i c s e r v i c e b y p r e s e r v i n g
Hawaii's
cultural
and
natural
specimens
on
a
larger
scale
than
other
i n s t i t u t i o n s i n t h e State, h e l p i n g t o create a permanent r e c o r d o f t h e c u l t u r e
and
natural
history
of
Hawaii
for
the
p r e s e n t a n d f u t u r e generation t o
u n d e r s t a n d a n d enjoy, a n d s e r v i n g as an educational resource about Hawaii;
that
the
State has a c e r t a i n
r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o t h e Museum f o r
its public
service; a n d t h a t o t h e r state f u n d i n g arrangements s h o u l d b e considered f o r
the
Bishop Museum because i t s c o n t r i b u t i o n t o t h e State surpasses o t h e r
p r i v a t e organizations, t h e L e g i s l a t u r e could d o one o r more of t h e following:
(a)
Designate t h e Bishop Museum as t h e state museum o f Hawaii;
(b)
Amend c h a p t e r 42,
t h e g r a n t s , subsidies, a n d purchases o f s e r v i c e
law t o enable t h e Bishop Museum t o obtain f u n d s o n a r e g u l a r basis
for
general
operating
costs
in
exchange f o r
certain
guaranteed
services t o b e m u t u a l l y negotiated; o r
(c)
A d d a new section t o c h a p t e r 6E, t h e h i s t o r i c p r e s e r v a t i o n law,
d e s i g n a t i n g t h e Bishop Museum as t h e "State Museum f o r N a t u r a l
and Cultural
H i s t o r y " a n d e x p r e s s i n g t h e i n t e n t o f t h e State t o
c o n t r i b u t e t o t h e s u p p o r t of t h e Museum f o r
official
state
repository
and
in
exchange
services t o b e m u t u a l l y negotiated.
for
i t s s e r v i c e as
other
an
guaranteed
T h e Museum f u n d s would b e
administered b y t h e State Foundation o n C u l t u r e a n d t h e A r t s , a n d
be subject t o an annual a u d i t .
quasi-state agency,
item a p p r o p r i a t i o n .
I f t h e Museum were t o become a
t h e n i t would b e eligible f o r f u n d i n g b y l i n e
STATE FUNDING FOR THE BISHOP MUSEUM
2.
A
frequently
diminished
research
exhibition
and
heard
function,
public
concern
about
a function
education
which
activities.
designated as t h e state museum of Hawaii,
above
arrangements,
formalizing
the
its
Bishop
is
If
Museum
is
its
linked
to
its
closely
the
Bishop
Museum
is
and funded under either of t h e
relationship t o t h e
concern can b e addressed i n t h e " q u i d p r o quo"
State,
then
this
negotiations mentioned i n
item 1 ( b ) a n d ( c ) .
3.
Senate Resolution No.
196,
S.D.
1,
adopted d u r i n g t h e legislative
session o f 1986, requests t h a t t h e Department o f L a n d a n d N a t u r a l Resources,
t h e Department o f Hawaiian Home Lands, a n d t h e O f f i c e o f Hawaiian A f f a i r s
p a r t i c i p a t e w i t h t h e C o u n t y o f Hawaii, Kamehameha Schools/Bishop Estate, A l u
Like,
Inc.,
and
the
Bishop
Museum t o
"explore
t h e feasibility
acquisition o f Waipi'o Valley on t h e island o f Hawaii."
of
state
T h e Department o f
Land a n d N a t u r a l Resources was designated as t h e lead agency t o coordinate
and
submit
the
report
of
their
findings
and
recommendations.
The
Department's r e p o r t is t o b e submitted f o r t h e 1988 Legislative Session.'
A c c o r d i n g t o t h e Department, t h e Waipi'o lands a r e an extremely valuable
historic,
cultural,
determined t h a t
a n d n a t u r a l resource t h a t s h o u l d not b e lost.
the
Museum can
desirable t o a c q u i r e them as
and will
p u b l i c lands,
p r o v i d e d t o p r o p e r l y manage these lands."'
sell
i t s holdings,
p r o v i d e (sic)
"If it is
i t would
funding
is
be
also
T h e r e p o r t f u r t h e r stated t h a t
although t h e State's appraisal o f t h e Museum's holdings a r e n o t y e t available
from
the
Department,
the
Bishop
Museum's
t e n t a t i v e l y used as a maximum f i g u r e . '
figure
of
$6,000,000
can b e
FOOTNOTES
Chapter 1
1. Samuel B.K. Chang, Jean A . Funatsu, and Kenneth
K. Nihata, Feasibility Study: State Acquisition
of Bishop Museum, Legislative Reference Bureau
(Honolulu: 1972).
Jean
Funatsu and
Carole Ikeda, Financial
Museum,
Vicissitudes o f the Bernice P. Bis*
Legislative Reference Bureau (Honolulu: 1973).
Feasibility
pp.
=,
21.
"The
Smithsonian
Institution:
A
Trust
Establishment of the United States," p. 3.
22.
Ibid., p.
23.
&,
24.
"Policy Guidelines for the Use of Funds in
Formulation
of
the
Budgetm
(Smithsonian
Institution, 19861, p. I. (Mimeographed).
9.
p. 14.
Study: State Acquisition of Bishop
60.
3 , 59, and
26. Response to
Legislative Reference
Questionnaire, July 8, 1987.
Bureau
Chapter 2
27.
Commission on Nusaums for a New Cencury,
for s New Century (iiashington, D.C.: American
Association of Museums, 1984), p. 74.
The
following museums were surveyed for this
Legislative Reference Bureau xeport:
(1)
Illinois State kluseum (Springfield);
Ibid., p. 21.
(2)
Indiana State Museum (Indianapolis);
Ibid., pp. 19 and 111.
(3)
Los
Angeles
History;
(4)
Milwaukee Public Museum;
(5)
New York
(Albany);
(6)
Eastern
Washington
Society--Cl~eney Cowles
(Spokane);
(7)
Academy
of
Philadelphia;
County
Museum
of
Natural
Ibid., p. 116.
The Bishop Museum is accredired by the American
Association of Nuseums.
Letter from Patricia E. Williams, Director of
Accreditation, American Association of Hueeums,
September 15, i987.
"Economic Impact Studies: Putting the Facts to
Work," Histar? NPWS, 3ay-Jun~1987, p. 9.
State Museum and Science Service
State Historical
Hemorial
tluseum
Natural
Sciences
of
3nseums for a New Century, p. 20.
(8) American Xuseum
York);
Ibid., pp. 17. 20, and 103.
Responses
to
Legislative Reference
Questionnaire, August 18, 1987.
Bureau
"The
Smithsonian
Institution: Fact Sheet"
(Office of Public Affairs, October 1985), p. 2.
(Mimeographed).
x,
p. 3 .
Ibid., pp. 1-3.
(9)
of
Natural
History (New
Cleveland Yuseum of Yatural Histoty;
(10)
Field Museum of ratural History (Chicsgo);
ill)
Museum of Science Miami; and
(12) Rochester ?luseum and Science Center.
28. Based on response to Legislative Reference
Bureau Questionnaire, July 6 , 1987.
"The
Smithsonian
institution:
A
Trust
Establishment of the hired States" (Smithsonian
Institution, 1977). p. 1. (3imeographed).
:bid., p.
13.
9 Stat. 102 1846. The permanent provisions of
the Act of 1846 were reenacted in the Revised
Statures of 1875, sections 5579-5594, and are
found in 20 C.S.C. sections 41-67 (1970).
20 C.S.C. s e c t i o n 41 (1970).
33.
Based on response to Legislative Reference
Bureau Questionnaire. July 8. 1987.
34.
Based on response ro Legxsiative Reference
Bureau Queszlonnaire, July i , 1987.
20 G.S.C. section 42 (1970).
20 U.S.C. section 44 (1970).
Chapter 3
20 U.S.C. section 46 (1970).
1. Samuel B.K. Chang, Jean A. Funatsu, and Kenneth
K. Nihata, Feasibility Study: State Accpisition
-shop
(Honolulu:
Yuseum, Legislative Reference Sureau
1972), p. 44.
2. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, A Preliminary
Catalonue of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Xuseum of
Polynesian Ethnology
and
Natural
History
(Honolulu: 1892), preface. The government
museum was established on July 29, 1872 by approval of the "King and the Legislative Assembly
of the Hawaiian Islands in the Legislature of
the Kingdom Assembled" of "An Act To Establish a
National
Museum of Archaeology, Literature,
Botany, Geology and Natural History of the
Hawaiian Islands." The law providing for this
museum was repealed in section 7 of the Organic
Act of 1900.
21.
u,
pp. 1.
22.
Hawaii Const. art. VII, s e c . 4
23.
Act 216, 1987 (vetoed).
3, j, 6 .
24. Feasibilitv Study: State Acquisition of Bishop
-,
p. 16.
25.
Honolulu Star-Bulletin, November 17, 1987, p. A16; Honolulu Advertiser, Vovember 17, 1987, p.
5.
26. Honolulu Star-Bulletin, November 23, 1987, p. A14.
27. Honolulu Star-Bulletin, October 20, 1987, p. 1.
3.
1976 Haw. Sess. Laws, Act 104
4. Feasibility Stud?:
5.
Chapter
State Acquisition of Bishoe
Interview with Dr. Donald Duckworth, Bishop
Museum Director; Dr. Duncan Carter, Bishop
Xuseum
Assistant
Director, Finance and
Administration; and Hr. James Pavelle, Assistant
Director, Membership and Development, July 21,
4
1.
Based
an xesponse to Legislative Reference
Bureau Questionnaire, October 1, 1987.
2.
Ibid.
3.
Ibid.
I.
bid.
5.
1987.
.~
~
6. Response to
Legislative Reference
Questionnaire, July 7, 1987.
Bureau
7. A Preiiminar~ Catalogue of the Bernice Pauahi
Bishop kluseum of Polpesian Ethnology
and
Natural History, part V.
6.
Ibid.
Ibid.
7.
&I
8. Response to
Legislative
Reference
Questionnaire, July 7, 1987.
8.
9.
Ibid.
10.
ibid.
Bureau
11. Nonolulu Advertiser, June 25, 1985.
12. Honolulu Star-Bulletin, October 19, 1987, p. A6; Ka 'Elele Annual Report Issue, Kews of
Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, January 1987, pp.
8-9.
A Preliminary Catalogue of the Bernice Pauahi
Bishop Nuseum of Palvnesian Ethnolog)- and
Natural Histoq, preface.
Response
to
Legislative
Reference
Questionnaire, July 7, 1987.
Bureau
Chapter 5
a,
pp. 13-14
1. Hawaii,
Department
of
Land
and
Natural
Resources, Report to the 1988 Legislature on
Senate Resolution No. 196, S.D. 1. April 17,
1986, "Explore the
Feasibility of State
Acquisition of WsiPizo Valley on the Island of
Hawaii" (Horioiulu: 1987).
Ibid., pp. 9-10.
2.
Ibid., p. 24.
W, p. 11; Honolulu Star-Bclletin, September
3.
Ibid.;
Ibid.
"Addendum to Final Project Report Form" (Bishop
?luscum, July 29, 19861, p 10. (Ximeographed).
28, 1987, pp. B-1 and 8 - 3 .
"Addendum to Final Projecr Report Form," pp. 1112.
The Bishop Museum's figure is derived
from the report, Hastings, Plartin, Conboy,
Braig, b Associates, Ltd., "Appraisal of the
Bishop Xuseum Waipio Valley Properties, Waipio
Velley, Hamakua, Hawaii, as of ?$arch 1984"
(Honolulu: 1984). (Elimeographed).
Appendix A
theie has beer: past legislatian regarding the
feasibility of finsnciai assistance to the Bernice P. Bishop
Wuseum; and
wbiEFW,
WHEREAS, current iegislation, Souse Bill No. 1550,
proposes to fcrnlally chhrtfr the Bernice P. Bishop Museum as
the Stete E!uscm of Xarural and Cultural Histcry and provide
annual apprcrriaticns frcm the general revenues of the State of
Hawaii; znd
purscent to Section 6E-6, Hawaii Revised
Statutes, sp?cimerit and objects of natural, botanical,
ethnoiocica!, arckitectural, historical, in6 archaeological
ve2ue ei ictcrest are ?ransferred to the Bernice P. Bishop
Ruseum; and
t,Td-.;LEAS,
WHZRZES, the Bernice P. Bishop is a rich reservoir of
educational resources for Hawaii's students and is visited by
270,000 children and adults a.w-ually; and
WIiEXEAS, the Eernice P. Bishop Museum conducts research
programs in the Pacific region and such studies help preserve
arts, artifacts and blolo~icalspecixer~sof the Pacific; and
~
~
P the
~ sciestif
S
,
ic resezrch cmducted by the Bernice
P. Bishcp Muse&% on animals, pfants and culturzs of the Pacific
~
is beneficial to research institutions throughout t h world,
thus focusing tho atrentioa of international researchers on
Havaii; and
WHEX33.S. the Bernice P. Bishop Huseum has for many years
been able to operate on private funds and has recently begun
depending on public sources of funds in order to meet growing
public needs; and
WHEREAS, the world famous Smithsonian Institution in
Washington, D.C., is an educational and scientific institution
founded a.nd oprated under the concept of public-private
partnership and is viewed by all Americans as a national museum
complex; and
WHEREAS, the Bernice P. Bishop M ~ s e mwould be a more
stzble and productive educational and scientific institution if
public funds were made available; now, therefore,
BE IT RESOLVED by the Senate of the Fourteenth Legislature
of the State of Hawaii, Regular Session of 1987, the House of
Representatives concurring, that the Legislative Reference
Bureau is hereby requested to conduct a feasibility study on
designating the Bernice P. Bishop Museum as the State Museum
for Natural and Cultural History with a line item appropriation
of an armual public contribution for the operation of the
Hawaii State Museum and furt.her, that the study consider
acquisition, by the State of Hawaii, of those Bishop Museum
real estate properties that are of cultural and historical
significance to the people of Hawaii; and
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Legislative Reference
Bureau report its findings and recomendations to the
Legislature tGenty days prior to the convening of the Regular
Session of 1988; and
BE IT FVRTHER RESOLVED that certified copies of this
Concurrent Resolution be transmitted to the Legislative
Reference Bureau and the Bernice P. Bishop Museum.
Appendix B
B e r n i c e P. Blshop Nuseum
DEED OF TRUST.
THIS INDEI\'TUKZ, Made t h i s T h i r t e e n r h d a y o f O c t o b e r ,
A.
D.
1 8 9 6 , by and between CHARLES R . BISHOP, o f t h e Cicy and
County of San F r a n c i s c o , S t a t e o f C a l i f o r n i a , and
SAMGEL M.
DAMOX, CHARLES M .
HYDE , CHARLES M. COOKE and
JOSEPH 0 . CARTER, a l l of Honolulu, R e p u b l i c o f Hawaii, a s T r n s t e e s
under t h e W i l l o f t h e l a t e M r s .
B e r n i c e Pauahl Bishop, t h e
p a r t i e s of t h e f i x s t p a r t , and CXRRLES R . BISHOP, SLYUEL K. DxR1:O::,
C-%RLES X. HYDE, CHARLES ?.I.
COOKE, JOSEPH 0 . CARTER,
SANFORD B. DOLE znd HENRY HOLMES, t h e p a r t l e s o f t h e second p s r t ,
WITNESSETH:
WHEREAS, by a n o r d e r or d e c r e e o f t h e C i r c u i t Court or' t h e
f i r s r Z u Z i c i a l C l r c u i t o f t h e Hawaiian I s l a n d s , made i n t h e s u l t
i n e q u i t y nurrbered 8 9 0 , and e n t i r l e d Sgmuel
vs. Charles R.
Bishop and W.
11. Damon and o t h e r s
0. Smith, a t t o r n e y g e n e r a l , t h e
p d r t i e s o f t h e f i r s t p a r t were d i r e c t e d and o r d e r e d t o convey
u n t o t h e s a i d p a r t i e s o f t h e second p a r t , a s t h e t r u s t e e s o f t h e
B e r n i c e P. Bishop Museum, t h e r e a l and p e r s o n a i p r o p e r t y h e r e i n a f t e r more p a r t i c u l a r l y mentioned and d e s c r i b e d , upon t h e t r u s t s
and s u b j e c t t o t h e powers and c o n d i t i o n s h e r e i n a f t e r mentioned
and d e c l a r e d o f and c o n c e r n i n g t h e same r e s p e c t i v e l y .
XW, TEIS I::L?EXW?.L
WITEESSETX, t h a t t h e s a i d p a r t l e s of
t h e f l r s t p a r t , i n p u r s u a n c e o f t h e s a i d o r d e r , and by v l r t u e
t h e s e c r , and o t e v e r y o t h e r power t h e % h e r e u n t o e n a b l i n g ,
also
1~c o n s i d e r a t i o n
and
o f t h e sum of One D o l l a r t o them p a l d by
?he said p a r t i e s o f t h e second p a r t , t h e r e c e i p t whereor i s
hereby acknowiedged, do h e r e b y assign, t r a n s f e r , s e t o v e r and
deli-?er u n t o t h e s a i d p a r t l e s o f t h e second p a r t , t h e i r s u c c e s s o r s
a2d a s s i g n s , t h e b u i l d i n g , w i t h i t s a p p u r t e n a n c e s , s i t u a t e w i t h i n
t h e grounds o f t h e Kamehameha School f o r Boys a t Palama, n e a r
H ~ i ; o I u l uaforesaid, knoxn a s t h e " B e r n i c e P . Bishop fluseum", and
a l s c t h e a r t i c l e s and t h i n g s i n t h e s a i d b u i l d i n g b e l o n g i n g o r
6 p p e r t b l n l n g t o t h e s a i d Museum, and a l l o t h e r a r t i c l e s and
-F....Aa.gs
b e l o n g i n g o r a p p e r t a i n i n g t o t h e s a i d Yuseum, wheresoever
z h r same m y b e .
Tc have m d t o h o l 6 u n t o t h e s a i d p a r t l e s of t h e second p a r c ,
r h e u s o c c e s s o r s and a s s i g n s , Gpon t r u s t t o h o i d , dse and occupy
t h e s a i d b u i l d i n g , w i t h i t s a p p u r t e n a n c e s , and a l l e x t e n s i o n s
t n e r e o i , as t h e B e r n i c e P . Bishop f4useum o f P o l y n e s i a n A n t i q u i t i e s ,
Ethnology and N a t u r a l H i s t o r y , and t o h o l d s u c h of a i l t h e s s i d
a r t l c l e s and t h i n g s , t h e p r o p e r t y i n which was a b s o l u r e l y v e s t e d
i n t h e s a i d parties of t h e f i r s t p a r t i m m e d i a t e l y b e f o r e t h e
e x e c u t l u n of t h e s e p r e s e n t s , f o r t h e p u r p o s e c f a 3useum o f
P o l y n e s i a n a n d KinZred A n t i q u i t i e s , Ethnology and N a t u r a l H i s t o r y ,
&nd i o h o l d t h e r e m a i n d e r o f s u c h a r t i c l e s and t h i n g s upon t h e
t r u s t s and s u b j e c t to t h e terms and c o n d i t i o n s d e c l a r e d o r
c o n t a i n e d i n any deed or d e e d s of t r u s t and i n s t r u m e n t s i n w r i t i n g
r e l a t i n g t o t h e same.
And t h i s I n d e n t u r e a l s o w i t n e s s e t h , t h a t t h e s a i a parties
o f t h e f i r s t p a r t , a l s o i n pursuance o f t h e s a i d o r d e r , and
by v i r t u e t h e r e o f , and o f e v e r y o t h e r power and a u t h o r i t y t h e n
t h e r e u n t o e n a b l i n g , and i n c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f t h e p r e m i s e s , do
h e r e b y g r a n t and convey u n t o t h e s a i d p a r t i e s o f t h e second p a r t ,
t h e i r h e i r s , s u c c e s s o r s and a s s i g n s , a l l t h a t t r a c t o f l a n d
s i t u a t e a t Waipio, i n t h e D i s t r i c t o f Hamakua, I s l a n d o f Hawaii,
known a s t h e Ahupuaa o f Waipio, and b e i n g t h e t r a c t o r p a r c e l
o f l a n d d e s c r i b e d i n Royal P a t e n t 7 5 2 9 , Land Commission
award 4 4 5 2 , t o H . Kalama, e x c e p t t h a t p o r t i o n t h e r e o f conveyed
by C h a r l e s R. Bishop t o K a p i o l a n i by deed d a t e d June t h i r t i e t h ,
A . D . 1881, and r e c o r d e d i n L i b e r 7 0 , on page 91.
To have and t o h o l d , t o g e t h e r w i t h a l l r i g h t s , e a s e m e n t s ,
p r i v i l e g e s and a p p u r t e n a n c e s t o t h e same b e l o n g i n g , u n t o t h e
s a i d p a r t i e s of t h e second p a r t , t h e i r h e i r s , s u c c e s s o r s and
assigns forever.
I t i s hereby a g r e e d and d e c l a r e d t h a t t h e s a i d p a r t i e s of
t h e second p a r t , and t h e i r s u c c e s s o r s i n t h e t r u s t h e r e i n
d e c l a r e d o r c o n t a i n e d , s h a l l h o l d t h e s a i d t r a c t o f l a n d , and t h e
t h i r t y Hawaiian Government s i x p e r c e n t bonds, o f t h e v a l u e o f one
thousand d o l l a r s e a c h , t h i s d a y d e l i v e r e d t o them by t h e s a i d
p a r t i e s o f t h e f i r s t p a r t , upon t h e f o l l o w i n g t r u s t s , and s u b j e c t
t o t h e f o l l o w i n g terms and c o n d i t i o n s , t h a t i s t o s a y :
Upon t r u s t t o r e c e i v e t h e income t h e r e o f , and a f t e r paying
t h e r e o u t a l l c o s t s , c h a r g e s and e x p e n s e s , i n c l u d i n g commissions
i n c u r r e d i n t h e management o f t h e p r o p e r t y , and i n t h e c o l l e c t i o n
a z t l c l e s and t h l n g s lr. t h e saic? ':useu-,
o r a p p e r t a i r . 1 2 ; ~r n + r e t z ,
t h e p r c p e r t y i n which was irrmediately b e f o r e t h e e x e c u t i o n
h e r e o r , v e s t e d i n t h e s a i d p a r t i e s of t h e f i r s t p a r t , and any
t h a t may h e r e a f t e r be added t h e r e r o , and any a r t l c l e s ox
t h i n p s t h a t may be a c q c i r e d f o x t h e s a i d Aquarium and L a b o r a t o r y ,
and t o h o l d t h e p r o z e e d s of any s a l e o r exchange upon t h e t r u s t s
h e ~ e i ncieciared and c o n t a m e d of and
concerning
t h e n e t income
t a be d e r i v e d from t h e s a i d t r a c t of l a n d and bonds.
That it s h a i l be l a w f n l and competent f o r t h e s a i d p a r t i e s
of t h e second p a r t , and t h e i r s u c c e s s o r s i n t r u s t , w i t h o u t any
f c r t h e r 3r o t h e r a u ~ h o r i t y , t o s e l l t h e s a i d t r a c t of l a n d and
b o n d s , and any o t h e r p r o p e r t y of any q u a l i t y o r k i n d t h a t may
z t zny t i n e i e conveyed o r a s s i g n e d t o o r be h e l d by them upon
any o f t h e t r u s t s h e r e i n d e c l a r e d , o r t h a t may be a c q u i r e d by
t h e n however, o; any p a r t t h e r e o f , t h e s a l e of which i s n o t
e x p r e s s i y forbidcien by t h e i n s t r u m e n t conveying t h e s a n e t o t h e
p a r r i e s cf t h e second p a r t , o r t h e i r s u c c e s s o r s i n t h e t r u s t ,
e L t h e r by p r i v a t e o r p u b l l c s a l e , or t o exchange t h e same f o r
any c r h e r p r s p e r ' t y o f any q u a l i t y , r e c e i v i n g o r paying money f o r
e q ~ a l i t yof ~ x c h e n g e ,and s h a l i i n v e s t t h e p r o c e e 6 s o f any
s a l e , and m y unused s u r p l u s o r a c c . m u l a t e d income, e l t h e r i n t h e
p u r c h a s e of f r e e h o l d l a n d s i n t h e Hawaiian I s i a n d s , o r i n t h e
S t a t e o f C a l i f o r n i a , U. S. A . ,
Gr
i n investments for t r u s t iunds
a u t h o r i z e d by t h e lews o f t h e Governxent f o r t h e t l m z b e i n g of
t h e Hawalian I s l a n e s , or. o f t h e S t a t e of C a l i f c r n i a , U.
S. A . ,
a n d t h e income of such investments s h a l l be h e i d upon t h e t r u s t s
be renove~c?f r o n t h e o f f i c e of t r u s t e e of t h e t r u s t s h e r e i n
c o n t a i n e l o r d e c l a r e d , i t 5 h a l l be l a w f u l and competent f o r t h e
t r u s t e e s f o r t h e t u n e b e i n g of t h e s a i d w i l l t o a p p o i n t a new
t r u s t e e i n t h e p l a c e o r t h e s a i d Sanford B. Doie or Henry Holmes,
or any t r u s t e e i n
succession
t o him s o d y i n g , r e s i g n i n g o r
being removed f r o n t h e o i f i c e of t r u s t e e e of t h e t r u s t s h e r e i r .
d e c l a r e d or c o n t a i n e d , such appointment t o be s u b j e c t t o t h e
appro-,,a1 o f t h e Chief J u s t l c e t o r t h e t i m e b e i n g o f t h e Supreme
c o u r t o i t h e Hawalian I s l a n d s .
That i n a l l m a t t e r s r e l a t i n g t o t h e a d m l n i s t r a t l o n of t h e
t l u s t s hereln d e c l a r e d o r contalned t h e a s s e n t of a t l e a s t f o u r
oi t h e p a r t i e s of t h e second p a r t , o r t h e i r s u c c e s s o r s i n t h e
t r u s t , s h a l l be n e c e s s a r y t o any a c t i o n , and a m a j o r i t y o f them
m y a c t i n a i l c a s e s , and may convey r e a l e s t a t e o r p e r s o n a l
p r o p e r t i , and perform a l l of t h e d u t i e s , and e x e c u t e a l l t h e
pbwexs, c o n f e r r e d h e r e u n t o upon t h e s a l d p a r t l e s of t h e second
p a r c ; P r o v ~ d e d , a l w a y s , t h a t a t l e a s t f o u r t r u s t e e s must j o i n i?
any a c t .
That t h e s a l d p a r t l e s o t t h e second p a r t , and t h e i r s u c c e s s o r s
An t h e t r u s t s h a l l have t h e power t o employ any n e c e s s a r y h e l p i n
C b ~ ~ y i no gu t t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f t h e t r u s t s h e r e i n d e c l a r e d o r
c o n t a i n e d , and s h a l l a l s o b e e n t i t l e d t o s u c h compensatlon o u t of
t h e t r u s t f u n d s a s s h a l l from t i m e t o time be f i x e d by t h e c o u r t
having jurisdiction i n t h e Hawallan I s l a n d s over t r u s t e s t a t e s .
That t h e s a i d p a r t i e s o f t h e second p a r t , and t h e i r s u c c e s s o r s
In t r u s t , s h a l l n o t be r e q u i r e d t o g i v e bonds a s t r u s t e e s o f t h e
t r u s t s herem declared.
That from t l m e t o time a s o f t e n a s t h e Court ha.ln3
e q n i t a b i e j u r i s d r c t r o n r n Honoluiu s h a l l d i r e c t , and a t l e a s t
once i n e a c h y e a r , t h e s a i d p a r t r e s o f t h e second p a ~ and
t
their
s u c c e s s o r s i n t h e t r u s t s , s h a l l make a r e p o r t t o s a i d c o u r t of
t h e x a d m r n i s t r a t i o n o f t h e a f f a l r s of t h e t r u s t s h e r e i n d e c l a r e d
ox c o n t a i n e d , showing t h e way i n which t h e t s u s t f u n d s a r e
m v e s t e d , and o f t h e d i s p o s r t r o n o f t h e f u n d s t h a t have come i n t o
t h e i r hands s i n c e r e n d e r i n g t h e i r l a s t r e p o r t , and a g e n e r a l
s t a t e m e n t of t h e c o n d i t i o n o f s a i d t r u s t .
I n w i t n e s s whereof t h e s a i d p a r t l e s have h e r e u n t o s e t t h e i r
hands and s e a l s t h e day and y e a r f i r s t above w r r t t e n .
CHkS. R . BISHOP
CHARLES ?I. HYDE
S . 1 . DAWN
CHARLES Y . COOKE
J . 0. CARTER
T r u s t e e s under t h e W i l l c f B. P . Bishop
-
We t h e u n d e r s i g n e d h e r e b y a c c e p t t h e T r u s t c r e a t e d and
d e c l e r e d by t h i s i n s t r u m e n t and a g r e e t o a b i d e by t h e t e r m s and
condrtions hereof
I n w l t n e s s whereof w e have h e r e u n t o s e t o u r hands and s e a l s
t h i s 20th day of October 1896
SANFORD B. DOLE
CHARLES M . COOKE
HENRY HOLMES
Trustee
CHARLES ?4. HYDE
J 0 . CARTER
S M DAMON
CHAS. R . BISHOP
Trustee.
.. .
Appendix C
BISHOP MUSEUM
CHARTER OF INCORPORATION
STATE OF HAWAII
In the >latter of the Incorporation
)
1
0f
BISHOP $ZSELX
)
)
)
)
CHARTER OF ISCORPORATION
1, the undersigned DIRECTOR OF REGULATORY
AGENCIES of THE STATE OF HAWAII, send greeting:
XHEREAS, JOHN D. BELLINGER, RICHARD LWAN, JR.
and JOHN T. WATERHOUSE, all residents of the State of
Hawaii, have filed, with the Director of Regulatory
Agencies, a verified petition to grant them a charter
of incorporation as a nonprofit corporation, in accordance
with 6 6 416-19 and 416-20 of the Hawaii Revised Statutes.
XOh', THEREFORE, tbe undersigned, pursuant to
these statutes, hereby constitutes the petitioners and
their associates a nonprofit corporation under the laws
of the State of Hawaii for the purposes and in the forn
herein set forth:
ARTICLE 1
Name and Address
The name of the corporatior is
BISEOP ?ESELY
Its princinal office shall be in Honolulu,
State of Hawaii. The address of the cornoration's office
shall be 1355 Kalihi Street. Honolulu, Hawaii 96817 [P. 0.
Box 6037, Honolulu. Hawaii 968181.
ARTICLE 2
Purposes
The purposes of the cor~orationshall be to own,
operate and further develop the museum known since its
founding in 1889 as the "Bernice P. Bishop Xuseum" as a
scientific institution for research and education in
cultural and natural history including the subjects of
anthropology, (archaeology, ethnology and related fields),
history, botany, entomology, geology and zoology with
particular reference to Hawaii and the Pacific world, and:
1. To collect, Dreserve, store and exhibit in
one or more places physical specimens of such subjects;
2.
To prepare and to publish books, pictures,
and other works on such subjects;
3. To solicit, receive and hold gifts of
every nature in furtherance of the objects and purposes
on the terms and conditions approved by the trustees;
4,
To enEage in any other lawfcl activitv
calculated to acquire, preserve, increase or disseminate
knovlelge of such subjects;
5
To erect, furnish, equip and conduct a
marine aquarium and biological laboratory,
6. To loan articles and things ic the 3 d s e w
or pertaining thereto only for scientific investigation
or examination, and
7 . To hold, invest and reinvest, sell, lease
or otherwise dispose of lands and investnent properties
belonging to or owned by the corporation
ARTICLE 3
Membership
1. Regular Members. The rec~larmembers of the
corporation shall be the trustees named in Article 4, their
successors and any other trustees from time to time elected
as herein provided, such election to constitute the terms
of admission to membership. Onlv such members shall be
entitled to vote.
2. Additional classes of members.
The corpora-
tion may have additional classes of nonvoting members to
be known as association members, life members and honorary
members, as provided in the bylaws.
ARTICLE 4
Trustees
-
"Jmber & Tern
There shall be a board of trustees consisting
of not less than 1G persons who shall be elected by the
merrbers at each annual meeting or any soecia: meeting. No
salaried employee of the corporation shall be a trustee
The number and term (not exceeding three years) of the
trustees shall be fixed and as nearly as nay be, one-third
of the total of the board shall be elected annually. The
board shall have full control and management of the affairs,
business and property of the corporation
The names and residence addresses of the initial
officers and trustees shall be:
JOHN D. EELLINGER . . . . . . . . . . . President and Trustee (1974-5)
1057 Gaiholo
Honolulu, Hawaii 96821
RICHARD LWAI, JR . . . .Vice President and Trustee (1974-5)
3742 Old Pali Road
Honolulu, Hawaii 96817
JOHN T. WATERIIOUSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Secretary-Treasurer and
3850 Round top Drive
Trustee (1974-5)
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
MR. EDWIN L. CARTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trustee (1974-6)
P. 0. Box 3468
Honolulu, Hawaii 96801
MR. HOWARD HIROKI . . . . .
P. 0. Box 4530
Honolulu, Hawaii 96813
MISS POOMAI~KLLAITIiCAW.4iUiU&OA.. . . . . . . . . . .Trustee (1971-5)
699 Hahaione Street
Honolulu, Hawaii 96825
?IR.
>?IL?ER C. XORRIS... . . . . . . . .
626 Kainalino Scree:
Kailua, Hawaii 96734
. . . .Trustee (1974-5)
.
E3iJARD H. NAU!!WI
63 Merchant Street
Honolulu, Hawaii 96813
. . . . Trustee (1974-6)
MR. JOHN F. XIELSEN.,.
. . . . Trustee (1974-6)
1450 Ala Soana Blvd.
Honolulu, Hawaii 96814
XRS. RUTH M. ON0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1301 Punchbowl Street
Honolulu, Hawaii 96813
. . . .Trustee (1974-7)
3 . LAWRENCE S. PRICHER
. . . .Trustee (1974-7)
3065 La Pietra Circle
Honolulu, Hawaii 96815
MR. JOHN A. SCOTT . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
P. 0. Box 3080
Honolulu, Hawaii 96802
. . .Trustee (1974-7)
MR. JOHN G. SI?PSON. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .Trustee (1974-6)
2270 Kalakaua Ave. , Suite 801
Honolulu, Hawaii 96815
XR. 1IL'RRA.Y E. STEWART.
P. 0. Box 3470
Honolulu, Hawaii 96801
. . .Trustee (1974-7)
?fRS. ARTHUR D. STUBENBERG. . . .
69 Akilolo Street
Honolulu, Hawaii 96821
. . .Trustee (1974-7)
MRS. RICHARD L. S L m R S . .. . . . . .
2979 Kalakaua Ave., PH 5
Honolulu, Hawaii 96815
. . . Trustee (1974-7)
?IR.
CLAVDIO SUYAT.. . .
45-386 Kaneohe Bay Dr
Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744
. . .Trustee ( 1 9 7 G - 6 )
MR. TED YAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
House of Representatives
State Capitol, Room 313
Honolulu. Hawaii 96813
. . .Trustee (1974-6)
ARTICLE 5
Officers
The Officers of the corporation shall be a
president, one or more vice presidents, a secrerary and
a treasurer, who shall be elected by the board of trustees
as prescribed by the bylaws. There may also be such assistant secretaries, assistant treasurers and other officers
as the board of trustees determines. Immediately following
each annual meeting, the board of trustees shall meet and
elect from among their number, except as herein provided,
a president, one or more vice presidents and a secretary
and a treasurer who shall hold office for one year and until
their successors are elected. The treasurer may be a corporation.
ARTICLE 6
Director of the Fuseum
The board of trustees shall appoint a director
of the museum as the Museum's chief executive and administrative officer who shall be responsible for carrying out
the policies of the Museum and its administration. The
director of the museum shall remain in office until his
successor is appointed by the board of trustees. He shall
have imediate supervision of the operations of the Museun,
subject to the authority of the board of trustees. The
director of the museum shall be the official medium of
comunication between the board of trustees and the muse;un
staff. He shall also be responsible for implementation of
museum policy, making proposals and suggestions for betterment of the muse,m, supervising the activiries of the staff
and the appointment and removal of members of the staff,
subject to such review as the board of trustees determines.
The director of the museum shall prepare and administer the
museum's budget and shall prepare and supervise such reports, including annual reports, as may be appropriate or
necessary, and shall file a copy of each annual report with
the Attorney General of the State of Rawaii. The director
of the museum shall attend all meetings of the board of
trustees unless otherwise instructed.
ARTICLE 7
Nonliability of Members
The property of the corporation alone shall
be liable for its debts and the members, officers and
trusrees shall incur no personal liability for corporate
debts by reason of their membership or position.
ARTICLE 8
Powers of the Corporation
The corporation shall be vested with all
powers, rights, benefits, privileges and imuniries
which now or hereafter may be secured by law to corporations of this character, and this corporation shall be
s u b j e c t t o a l l t h e laws now o r h e r e i n a f t e r enacted
a p p l i c a b l e t o such c o r p o r a t i o n s .
ARTICLE 9
L i m i t a t i o n s on A c t i v i t i e s
The c o r p o r a t i o n s h a l l continue i n p e r p e t u i t y
and i s organized e x c l u s i v e l y f o r s c i e n t i f i c , e d u c a t i o n a l
and c h a r i t a b l e purposes and n o t f o r p r o f i t .
It w i l l not
i s s u e any s t o c k o r o t h e r evidence of ownership.
No p a r t
of i t s a s s e t s , income o r e a r n i n g s s h a l l i n u r e t o t h e benef i t of o r be d i s t r i b u t a b l e t o i t s members, t r u s t e e s ,
o f f i c e r s o r o t h e r p r i v a t e p e r s o n s , except t h a t t h e c o r p o r a t i o n i s a u t h o r i z e d and empowered t o Day reasonable
compensation f o r s e r v i c e s a c t u a l l y rendered and t o make
payments i n f u r t h e r a n c e of the purposes s e t f o r t h i n
Article 2 .
No s u b s t a n t i a l p a r t of t h e c o r p o r a t i o n ' s
a c t i v i t i e s s h a l l be t h e c a r r y i n g on of propaganda o r o t h e r wise a t t e m p t i n g t o i n f l u e n c e l e g i s l a t i o n .
The c o r p o r a t i o n
s h a l l not p a r t i c i p a t e i n o r intervene i n (including the
p u b l i s h i n g o r d i s t r i b u t i o n of s t a t e m e n t s ) any p o l i t i c a l
campaign f o r p u b l i c o f f i c e .
Notwithstanding arty o t h e r
p r o v i s i o n s of t h i s c h a r t e r , t h e c o r p o r a t i o n s h a l l n o t
c a r r y on any o t h e r a c t i v i t i e s n o t p e r m i t t e d t o be c a r r i e d
on by a c o r p o r a t i o n exempt from f e d e r a l income t a x under
I n t e r n a l Revenue Code, J 5 0 1 ( c ) ( 3 ) o r a c o r p o r a t i o n ,
c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o which a r e d e d u c t i b l e under I n t e r n a l
Revenue Code, § l 7 O ( c ) ( 2 ) [ o r t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g p r o v i s i o n s
o f any f u t u r e United S t a t e s I n t e r n a l Revenue l a w s ]
ARTICLE 10
D i s t r i b u t i o n i n event
of Dissolution
I n t h e event o f d i s s o l u t i o n of t h e c o r p o r a t i o n ,
t h e board o f t r u s t e e s s h a l l , a f t e r paying o r making p r o v i s i o n f o r payment o f a l l l i a b i l i t i e s of t h e c o r p o r a t i o n ,
d i s p o s e of t h e a s s e t s of t h e c o r p o r a t i o n e x c l u s i v e l y f o r
t h e p u r p o s e s o f t h e c o r p o r a t i o n i n s u c h manner, o r t o
such o r g a n i z a t i o n s o r g a n i z e d and o p e r a t e d e x c l u s i v e l y
f o r s c i e n t i f i c , e d u c a t i o n a l o r c h a r i t a b l e purposes a s a t
t h e time
q u a l i f y a s exempt o r g a n i z a t i o n s under I n t e r n a l
Revenue Code, § 5 0 1 ( c ) ( 3 ) [ o r t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g p r o v i s i o n s
o f any f u t u r e U n i t e d S t a t e s I n t e r n a l Revenue laws!.
Any
o f such a s s e t s n o t s o d i s p o s e d o f s h a l l be d i s t r i b u t e d
by t h e F i r s t C i r c u i t Court o f t h e S t a t e o f Hawaii e x c l u s i v e l y f o r s u c h p u r p o s e s o r t o such o r g a n i z a t i o n s which
a r e o r g a n i z e d and o p e r a t e d f o r s u c h p u r p o s e s a s t h e c o u r t
determines
ARTICLE 11
Bylaws
The p e t i t i o n e r s s h a l l a d o p t bylaws which
t h e r e a f t e r may be amended o r r e p e a l e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h
the then existing statutory requirements. Certified
copies of the corporation's bylaws and all amendments and
additions thereto shall be filed with the Director of
Regulatory Agencies and the Attorney General of the State
of Hawaii within 30 days after adoption.
ARTICLE 12
Amendments
The corporation shall be subject to all general
laws now in "orce or hereafter enacted with regard to such
corporations. This corporation may amend this charter
from time to tine in accordance with law.
I N WITNESS WHEREOF I have hereunto set ny hand
and the seal of the Department of Regulatory Agencies of
the State of Hawaii this ;)hay
of / ? % u * ~ ~
/f77-
DIRECTOR OF REGULATORY AGENCIES
Appendix D
BISHOP MUSEUM
AMENDED CHARTER O F INCORPORATION
SPECIAL
HANDLING
STATE OF HAWAII
DEPARTMENT OF COEMERCE AN3 C0h'SU"IER AFFAIRS
Business Registration Division
,
.
Honolulu. Hawaii
2:.
..
,
--
In the Vatter of the Incorporation )
1
of
1
D E P m E N T OF WMMERCL
AND COWUPlEU AWURS
STATEOF n*wu
1
BISHOP MUSEUM
)
--
1
CERTIFICATE OF AMENDESENT
The
REINWALD,
MUSEUK,
of
undersigned, ROBERT
president
hereby
certify
BLACK
and
ARTHUR
5.
respectively, of BISHOP
secretary,
that a special meeting of the members
BISHOP MUSEUM was duly called and held at the office of the
corporation.
1355
November 19.
1986,
Incorporation of
or
and
E.
by
Kalihi
Street.
Honolulu,
Hawai:,
on
for the purpose of amending the Charter of
BISHOP
MUSEUES: there were present in person
proxy 13 members of the corporation, a duly constituted
quorum:
and
it
members
present
was
resolved
by
the
unanimous vote of the
to amend the Charter of Incorporation to read
as set forth in Exhibit A attached hereto.
IN
WITNESS
WHEREOF.
this certificate this & d a y
the
undersigned have executed
of November. 1986.
..'
,
-
,%
STATE OF HAWAII
)
ss.
)
CiTY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ROBERT
duly
and
sworn
E.
)
BLACK
and ARTHUR B. REIIWALD being first
on oath depose and say that they are the presidect
secretary, respectively, of
officers
they
Certificate
are
of
duly
authorized
Amendment:
Certificate, know
BISHOP MUSEUM: that as such
and
to
that
sign
they
the
have
foregoing
read
the
the contents thereof, and that the same are
true.
Subscribed and sworn to before me
this
day of November 1986.
/
.'2'
.
.
-..L
, ...
Notary Psblic, First Judicial
Circuit, State of Hawaii
Ky ccmmission expires:
,*
8
,
The fsregoing amendment is hereby allowed this
L; i;,Jx*\ , 1986.
day of
,
Director of Commercq and
Consumer Affairs
./
BY
A
h
-d
Corpo+ati
and Securities
Administr for
AMENDED CHARTER OF INCORPORATION
I,
the
undersigned
DIRECTOR OF REGULATORY AGENCIES
of THE STATE OF HAWAII, send greeting:
WHEREAS,
JOHX
JOHN
D.
BELLINGER. RICHARD LYMaN, JR. and
T. WATERHOUSE, all residents of the State of Hawaii, have
filed, with
the
petition
grant
profit
to
Director
them
corporation,
in
of Regulatory Agencies, a verified
a charter of incorporation as a nonaccordance with
Sections 416-19 and
416-20 of the Hawaii Revised Statutes;
NOW,
THEREFORE, the
constitutes
undersigned, pursuant to these
statutes,
hereby
the
petitioners
and
their
associates
a nonprofit corporation under the laws of the State
of Hawaii for the purposes and in the form herein set forth:
ARTICLE 1
Name and Address
The name of the oorporation is BISHOP MUSEUM.
Its principal
Hawaii.
office shall be in Honolulu, State of
The initial address of the corporation's office shall
be 1355 Kalihi Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96817.
ARTICLE 2
Purposes
The
purposes
operate,
and
further
founding
in
1889
as
of
the
develop
the
oorporation shall be to own,
the
museum
"Bernice P.
known
Bishop
since
its
Museum'' as a
scientific
and
institution
natural
history,
for research and education in cultural
with particular reference to Hawaii and
the Pacific, and:
1.
To
collect, preserve, store, and exhibit in one
or more places physical specimens of such subjects:
TO
2.
prepare
and
publish
books,
visual
representations, and other works on such subjects:
3.
To
solicit, receive, and
hold gifts of every
nature in furtherance of the purposes of the corporation;
To
4.
calculated
to
engage
in
any
other
lawful
acquire, preserve, increase, or
activity
disseminate
knowledge of such subjects:
5.
To
erect,
furnish, equip, and conduct a marine
aquarium and biological laboratory;
6.
things
in
To
and
scientific
loan, borrow,
for the
Museum
investigation,
or
or
exchange
articles
and
pertaining
thereto
for
exhibition,
and
examination, or
otherwise to further the purposes of the corporation;
7.
the
Museum
TO
as
dispose of such articles and things owned by
the
Museum
may
determine
to
be surplus or
unsuitable: and
8.
otherwise
To
hold,
invest
and reinvest, sell, lease, or
dispose of lands and investment properties belonging
to or owned by the corporation.
ARTICLE 3
Membership
Section
1.
Voting
Members.
The voting members of
the
corporation shall be the directors, their successors, and
any
other
Only
person
elected
such members
shall
a
be
director pursuant to Article 4.
entitled
to receive notices of
meetings and to vote.
2.
Section
corporation may
to
Additional
Classes of
Members.
The
have additional, nonvoting classes of members
be known as association members, life members, and honorary
members, as provided in the bylaws.
ARTICLE 4
Board of Directors
Section
a
board
who
for
employee
The
ComPosition and Duties.
There shall be
of directors consisting of not fewer than 10 persons,
shall
serve
1.
be
the
of
board
elected as provided by the bylaws and who shall
terms
the
shall
specified by
corporation
the bylaws.
No salaried
shall be a member of the board.
be responsible for control and management of
the affairs, business, and property of the corporation.
Section
the
a
board
2.
Officers of the Board.
The officers of
shall be a chairman, one or more vice-chairmen, and
secretary.
The
manner
of
their election, their terms of
service, and their duties shall be specified in the bylaws.
Section 3.
shall
be
an
the
elected
who
shall
and
for
executive
There
committee of the board, consisting of
officers of the board and 5 additional directors
be elected to the executive committee in the manner
the
committee
Executive Committee of the Board.
terms
shall
provided
act
for
by
the
the
board
bylaws.
in
The executive
the interim between
meetings of the board.
ARTICLE 5
Officers of the Corporation
The
president,
chief
who
a
as
election,
be
the
Director of the Museum and its
and administrative officer, one or more vica-
secretary, and a treasurer.
officers,
treasurers,
of
shall
executive
presidents,
other
principal officers of the corporation shall be a
There may be such
including assistant secretaries and assistant
the board of directors determines.
terms
of
The manner
service, and duties of these officers
shall be prescribed by the bylaws.
ARTICLE 6
Nonliability of Members
The
liable
shall
for
incur
property
of
the
corporation
alone
shall
be
its debts, and the members, officers and directors
no
personal
liability
reason of their membership or position.
for
Corporate
debts by
ARTICLE 7
Powers of the Corporation
The
corporation
shall
be
vested
with all powers,
rights, benefits,
privileges,
and
immunities which
hereafter
secured
law
to
may
character,
laws
be
and
now
this
or
by
corporation
hereafter
now or
corporations of this
shall be subject to all the
enacted
and
applicable
to
such
corporations.
ARTICLE 8
Limitations on Activities
The
corporation
shall continue in perpetuity and is
organized
exclusively
charitable
purposes and not for profit.
stock
or
income.
or
earnings shall
inure
educational,
and
It will not issue any
No part of its assets,
to
the
benefit
of or be
its members, directors, officers, of other
persons, except that the corporation is authorized and
empowered
rendered
set
scientific,
other evidence of ownership.
distributable to
private
for
to pay reasonable compensation for services actually
and
forth
to
in
make payments in furtherance of the purposes
Article
2.
No
propaganda
otherwise attempting to influence legislation.
corporation
(including the
political
shall
not
publishing
campaign
participate
the
carrying
in or
on
the
activities
The
be
of
corporation's
or
shall
substantial part
of
intervene in
or distribution of statements) any
for public
office.
Nowithstanding
any
other
provision
carry
on
a
of
this
any other activity not permitted to be carried on by
corporation exempt
Revenue
Code
from
section
contributions to
Code
charter, the corporation shall not
which
federal income tax under Internal
501(c)(3),
or
by
a
corporation.
are deductible under Internal Revenue
section 170(c)(2) [or the corresponding provisions of any
future Internal Revenue laws of the United States].
ARTICLE 9
Distribution in Event of Dissolution
In the
board
event of dissolution of the corporation, the
of directors shall, after paying or making provision for
payment
of
assets of
all liabilities of the corporation, dispose of the
the corporation exclusively for the purposes of the
corporation in such manner, or to such organizations organized
and
operated
charitable
exclusively
purposes
organizations under
[or
the
Revenue
disposed
the
as
for
at
Internal
scientific, educational, or
the
time
Revenue
corresponding provisions of
laws of the United States].
qualify
as
exempt
Code section 501(c)(3)
any
future
Internal
Any of such assets not so
of shall be distributed by the First Circuit Court of
State of
Hawaii exclusively for such purposes or to such
organizations, as the court determines.
ARTICLE 10
Bylaws
The
may
be
petitioners
amended
or
shall adopt bylaws which thereafter
repealed
in
accordance with
the
then
existing statutory requirements.
ARTICLE 11
Bishop Museum Association
To
be
assist the corporation, association members shall
organized
the
Bishop
association
projects,
the
time
the
as
a division of the corporation to be known as
Museum
shall
and
time
be
to
solicit
corporation.
to
Association.
The
purpose
of
this
provide voluntary services, promote
donations and funds for the benefit of
The association may make and adopt and from
amend
or repeal bylaws, subject to approval by
board of directors of the corporation, and therein provide
for its governance.
ARTICLE 12
Amendments
The
time
in
corporation
accordance
with
may amend this charter from time to
law: provided, at least 20 calendar
days'
written
notice of any proposed amendment shall be given
to the voting members.
IN
the
WITNESS
WHEREOF
I have hereunto set my hand and
seal of the Department of Regulatory Agencies of tne state
of Hawaii this 7th day of February, 1975.
/s/ Wayne Minami
DIRECTOR OF REGULATORY AGENCIES
By /s/ James K. Williams
Corporation & Securities
Administrator
Appendix E
BISHOP MUSEUM PRESS: ANNOTATED CATALOG OF
BOOKS AND SERIES IN PRINT. 1988
NATL'RAL SCIENCE
NATURAL SCIENCE
@
-
Hawai'i-A
Calendar of Natural Events 1988
Nelson Foster. Barbara Pope. Wayne Gegn6. and Andiew
Thomas
natural events through the changing seasons in Hawai'i-fmm
the flowering and fruiting of native planis to the courtship,
nestins.
of Hawai'i's indieenour animals.
". and mimuon
"
Weelrly entries are beautifully illusmted with historic
lilhogiaphs, engravings, watercolors. and oil paintings.
supplemented with newly commissioned works by conamporary miss. The concise, infornative ten, mrnbines r-1
scientific findings with traditional Hawaiian wisdom. includinn many ciations fmm Maw Kawena Pukui's 'dieloNo'eau.
all species of whales, dolphins, and porpoires found in
Hawaiian waleis. Tomich's knowledge ofmammak in
Hawai'i is unsurpassed and is reflected in the &!ailcd and
and in the exhauslive
fawinaunr accounts of each -its
bibliogra~hy,This second edition wi!! umloubledly be the
sandard reference on the subject for many years lo come.
1969: 1986 revised ed./ 375 p., 80 illus.
ISBN 0-930897-10-21SP761 hardcover 542.95
I n G a r d e n s of H a w a i i
Marie C. Neal
Now in i s 5th printing, this volume remains a classic referonce on tropical ornamenlals. A must for anyone inkrested in
mamenial plans, not only of Hawai'i, but of the vopics in
general
1948: 1965 revised ed.: 1984 Sih printingi944 p.. illus.,
indexed
ISBN 0-910240-33-71SPSOI hardcover S35
natural hislay
Charles H. Edmondran.
19771290 p., 248 illus., 7 in color. indexed
ISBN 0-910240-22-11SPM(I)/ softcover $22.50
Hawaiian M a r i n e Shells
Reefand Shore Fnuno of Hainwoii Section 4 . Mollurca
E. Alison Kay
"
wanen L. ~ a g n e r
'Ibis comprehensive bibliography consists of more than 3250
literalure cialions dealins wiih over 1.m~Lmies
~ af~native .
and nrruril~udf l ~ u e n n gplmb I" l i ~ u u ' t H'orlrrig from a
ion8pu:rrmd d ~ u h ? i elhc
. a~thu:,k n r aIlrmp1:j ul in:liJr
i l l rr.!e>mpubl..l:!.,n,.
I r m ihe 1%: bxourt a Cdpum
Cmk's voyage up to and including references appezing
through the end of 1986. Enuies are crowindexed according
Lo Dlant names. dace names. and subiecl areas. This bibliae~~
YW.
ISBN 0-930897-31-51SPS2
Hardcover Winttr 1988
Mammals in Hanai'i
A Synopsir ondNoio~io~lBibliograpky
P.Ouentin Tomich
A full) revlied, uptalcd. and grwlly expandrd edmon of the
b) Oic same a~tb,,: E l m u l l y v d n k ~ n 10
IS69 ;llu~
! I!II>
m u ed~ionc\ a fd!l Umtmect of rmmnc m m m d ~m:lu.lr,
,
p.
pofessional marine rwlogisct and amateur malacologisis
interested in Hawaiian mollusks.
19191671 p.. 195 illus.. 11 in color. indexed
ISBN 0-910240-26-41SPM(4)l haidcover $29.50
Reef a n d S h o r e F a u n a o f Hawaii:
Sections 2 a n d 3
D.M.Devaney and L.G. Eldredge, editors
me third volume of the multivolume revision of Charles
Howard Edmondson's Reef ond Shore Foum of Hnwaii
presens up-twdale chaptcn on marine worms: Plalyhclminthes. Xemeninea. Aschelminthes, Eclo-Entopmla,
Biachiopoda, and Phoronida (Scction 2); and Sipumula,
Eichura. and Annelida (Section 3).
19871468 p., 352 illus., many in color
ISBN 0.930897-11-01 SP61(2 & 3)l hardcover S58.50
NATURAL SCiEUCW GEOGRAPHY & MAPS
GEOGRAPHY & MAPSi ART, WUSlC & DAVCE
Anatomy of a n lsland
G u i d e t o P l a c e N a m e s in t h e T r u s t T e r r i t o r y of
t h e Pacific Islands
E.H. Bryan. Jr
Geographic names and variants in the Miliianas, Carolines,
and Marshalis. Includes 114 mans of atolls and islands, wiih
A Geologicd ilistop qiOnhu
Gordon A. Macdonald and Will Kyselka
A popular guide lo the volcanic features of Hawai'i's most
populated island, Includes inrerpietive and anatomical
drawings of O'ahu's most sinking geological features.
1967; 1986 6th prinun@;48 p.. illus.
ISBNO-910240-14-01 SP551softcover55
19711406p.. 114 maps
PSIC3f wlicover $10
A G u i d e to Terrestrial P l a n t s of Enewetak
Atoil
1.0.Lambenson
19761238 p.
ISBN 0-930897-13-71 ESP11 softcover $12
Ectoparasiles of Hawaiian Rodents
JoAnn M. Tenario and M. Lee Goff
Summary accounts, including host and disutbutianal inioimation. are provided for the fleas, lice. and mites found on
iodcnu in Hawai'i.
19801 32 p.
ISBS 0.930897-14-51 E S W softcover $4
Field G u i d e t o t h e B i r d s o f F r e n c h Polynesia
Phillip L. Bmnei. Illustralcd with 15 plates by O.G. Dykes
19721 135 piPSlCI1 softcover $5
Guide to the Birds of Samoa
Myrtle J. Ashmole
Preliminary lisr of species in both American and Western
Samoa.
1963121 p.lPSIC21 softcover $2.95
ART. MUSIC & DANCE
Strains of Change
The Impoct of Touriim on tlowniion Music
Elizabeth T a w
Musical fads and fancies biought by visitors to these islands
have profoundly affected ihe composition and performance of
traditional Hawaiian music and dance. A long-time student of
Hawaiian chant and hulo, Talar advances new ideas on lhe
evolution of music in 19th and 20th century Hawai'i and
traces the impact of mainiandTin Pan Alley. jau, and blues,
ar well a~ Tahitian and Samoan music. Liberally illustrated in
color with sheetmusic covers that themselves tell a stom.
. this
publication will appeal u performen, collocrms, composen.
and all those interested in mdilimal and contemporary
Hawaiian music.
1987129 p., illus., many caior
ISBN 0.930897-2341 SP781sofxovu $9.95
~
Call of the hlorning Bird
Chonrs and Songs ofPolau, Yap, ond Pompe. CollWled by
lwakichi Muranushi, 1936
Elizabeth Tam, compiler and editor. Translations by Maria
lkclau Olio and Vincent Ansein P a n .
eraohs from pal&. Yao. and P o n m . the bmk accamoanvmz
GEOGRAPHY & MAPS
Pacific l s l a n d Names: A M a p a n d N a m e G u i d e
to t h e New Pacific
Lee S, hkxtcler
A complete revisionof the laleE.H. Bryan, Jr.3, Guide to
lsionds in the Tropical Paci/ic (Bishop Muscum 1972), this
gnide includes maps and a comprehensive gazetteer listing
oificiallv. acceoted
inland names. cm.-referenced to all
,
rn. u n tirr$.t n u n o m j , ~ I ! . ? ; s PIL: lrI3nd q r i ~ p sire
.
ATJ,.<:J b! ~ u n c n p.L:,.dl
t
,L!& An ~ r n > ! u ~ ' rcl:,mcc
~!:
!r:: :li'j\s u ilh an mtacil in thr P d c i l i i R & m
1986192 p., numerous maps
ISBN 0-930897-12-91 MP341 soitcover $9.50
1985170 p., illus.i70 mi". cassette
ISBN 0-930897-05-6 1ARCS21mftcover $18.501
Polynesian Dance
wirh o Seleciionfor Conremporop Performonccs
Adnenne L. KaeOplcr
Poi).neiinn D o n e sew the dances of Huwai'i and cenml and
west Polvnesia in historical and cultural .cers~ecuve.
Includes
.
usrJi, i r . m ~ ! ~ ~ o31d
* i . u,). ~ ~ - i ~ lrl!~sL.xd
!iu
&n;r
irom H d ~ 3 1 ' cL. h Y
r u ~ ~ i ulor
n i cqhc mC:t~onddircc,
Irom Fr~m.4Pol!nrs!a, unc fmm the Cwk I h n l i . m e truin
RT. hlCSIC & DWCEI HAWRnk\l HISTORY &CRAFTS
HAWAIIA~HISTORY &-
Tonga. and one from Niue). An audio cassette of the eight
dances is also availahlc.
T h e Royal Lineages
Anne Narthng Spoehr
N5 L e o H a w a i ' i K a h i k o
voices of Old iinwoii
A two-record album of chants and songs originally rewrded
between 1923 and 1950. N z k o Hawoi'i Kohiko features
mekoii, mele huio, and Hawaiian folk music. Notes. chant
texts, and song I H c s are included in a ten-page illusmted
album insen. Winner of the 1982 Na H6ka Hanohano ( S m
of Distinction) Award, Hawaiian Academy of Recording Anr.
ing Ckptdn Cook'sarrival inthe Hawailan Islawls. impormi
daws. miationships, and offices held are given for each 3n31%dual. Includes a color reproduction oia mural in Bishop
Museum's collections depicting the major chiefly iamilics and
lines of descent. This is the handiest, most complete guide to
hequenily asked questions about Hawaiian royalty. Useful io
anyone interested in Hawaiian history and an indispcnsablc
reference for schwls and libraries.
ISBN 0-930897-33-1 ISPR?
Sofrcovcr Winler 1988
19811ARCSIl2-recalbumS20
HAWAIIAN H!STORY & CRAFTS
The Hawaiian G r a s s H o u s e
in Bishop M u s e u m
Catherine C. Summers
This is the story of the last authentic Hawaiian Bars house in
existence. Reconstructed from an Bbandoned house at the turn
ofthe ceniwy in Bishop Museum's Hawaiian Hall, it stands
today as a monument toa vanished era. Summers has d ~ u mcnted the history of this house, from w l p plans for its
reconinuction and the s w h for materials to its completion in
1902 and subsequent repairs and maintenance, lncludcd are
sketches shwing larhing and thatching techniques, together
wiih revealing photogqhs !&en dwing various smges of
conswctih?.
A
ISBN 0-930897-27.71 SP80
Sofmver Spring 1988
Margaret of K a t a u p a p a
Me1 White
Mo'i-ho'oka'owa 'olwm is a Hawaiian name for leprosy,
"the di~easethat tears families am"In 1934, twclve-yearold k g a r c t Kaupuni war sen from hm family and confined
to the Kaiihi Receiving Sution Hospiml fnr the ueatmcnt of
leprosy. Almost three years later she was sent to the
Kaiaupapa Leprosanum on the island of Moicka'i, whcre she
would remain for 33 years. There she would many three
times. losing a11 three of her husbands to the disease. Her fow
children were taken from her at birth. Margore1 of Kainupap
is the moving story of [his indomimble woman's snuggle to
overcome few, pain, and lonelmcss, and of her abiding faiih
that enabled her to devote the lart years of her life to cheerfully hclping others.
ISBN 0-930897-32-3 1SF'83
Soficovcr Spring 1988
Hawaiian Petroglvphs
I. Halley Cox, with Edward Stavck
This visually stunning volume combines extensive photographs and iliusuatians with a listing of pcuogiyph siles and
discussions of peuoglyphs from the poinls of view of arcbaeology, ethnography, and an. Howniian Pelroglyplu was
named one of Fifts Boob of the Y w 0970)bv the American
Institute of Graphic Ans.
1970; 1985 4th piintingi 108 p.. duotonc illus.
ISBN 910240-0941 SP601 softcover $12
'tjlelo No'eau: Hawaiian P r o v e r b s & Poetical
Sayings
Collected. Translaled & Annotated by Mar) Kawcna Pukui
Illusuated b) D ~ u s c hV m r
'8lelo No'eail is a colicction of almost 3WO Hawaiianlanguage piovcrbs and poetical sayings icpiescnting over so
Yeas o f ~ ~ l l e ~ l iuansiaiing.
ng.
and research by Mary Kawena
Pukui. The book addresses the full scalc of human erpciiencc
and provides new insight into the beliefs, language. and
Practices oiancientand modem Hawaiians. 'Ole10 No'enu is
thoroughly indexed and printed on quality. acid-free paper and
bound in sewn signallires to ensure the took's Lasting beauty
Twenty four original prints by noted Big Island artist Dieuich
Varu illurvate the book in a second color.
19831372 p.. illus.. 6 indexes
ISBN 0910240-91-21 SP?l(l)/ hardcover $35
ISBN 0-910240-9111 SP71(2)lslipcased Anniversaiy Edition
m
6
0
s
F r a g m e n t s of H a v a i i a n H i s t o r y
lohn Papali. Transiated by Mary Kawena Pukui: edited by
Dorothy B. B a d r e
John Papa 'i'i(1800-1870) was hioughr up fiom earliest
childhmd for a life of service to the high chiefs and was
WAWAlJANI(ISTURY B CRAFTS
PACfFlC FOLKLORE( PACtFlC CULTURAL %ISTORY
personal attendant to Liholiho (Kamehameha 11). From 1846
to 1864 he served as s r m i a i e justice of the Supreme Coun of
the Kingdom. These "fragmenu" are his account of the
Kingdom under the Kamehamehas,
1959; 1983 revised e d i 212 p., illus.. indexed
ISBN 0-910240-31-01SP701softcovei $12
I ( 3 u a i i l n Antiquilies
I h 1 VJ,O ' I r d ~ , . ~ t eb?
J Y.i!n&w.,I k4 Em:r,.,n
!1.d;1, h rn in 1 . V and r a w ? ,he :i f r r b ,,!:nl:i,.
:>I?
md d u . w ~
U A ; o w a f the Iiw t l ~ <.m,!
\ ~ \:.,I!
r:-2'?ddV A W E &
% ~ ! (h5 c m . , ~m > ! # ~ ;H! I\.:Y b:, 5 . d
written this accwnt of Hawaiian cul~urcand society in prc
Christian times.
1903: 1951 revised ed.: 1987 Sih printingi 302 p., illus..
indexed
1SBS 0-910240-15-91SPUhardcover S18.50
..
K a Po'e K a h i k o : T h e P e o p l e o f O l d
1965; 1987 5th pnnungi 174 p., glossary, indcned, illus. by
Joseph Fchcr
ISBN 0-910240-32-9i SP5ll hxdcover 516.50
T h e W o r k s o f t h e P e o p l e o f O l d : Na H a n a a k a
Po'e K a h i k o
1976: 1987 2nd PrintinU 178 p., illur., glosrary, ~ndexed
ISBN 0-910240-18-3iSP611 hardcover $16.50
In 1868 and 1870, Samuel M. Kamakau wrote a series of
anicles for the Hawaiian-language newspaper Ke Au 'Oko'o
that were designed w preserve in print aspmu of Hawaiian
cultilie that were f a t d a a p w i n g . KO Po'e Kohrko.. and
The W o r k of the People of Old ... a x tianslated by Mary
Kawena Pukui and arranged and edited hy Dorothy B.
Bankre.
A r t s a n d C r a f t s of H a w a i i
Te Rangi Hkoa (Sk Peter H. Buck)
higindly published in 1957 in one macsive volume, Buck's
exhaustive study of Hawaiian culmre, profusely iilmtiated,
hai been reprinied in 14 separate wctions as follows (dl
raftcover):
Food. ISBN 0-910240-34-5183 p.1 SP45(l)B6.95
Houses. ISBN 0-910240-35-3152 p i SP45(2)M.95
Musical Instruments. lSUN0-9102-10-JZ-(339 p.1
SP45(9)i 94.95
War and Weapons. lSBN0-91024043-4157 p i
SP45!10!154,95
Religion. ISBN 0-91024041-2/77 p/SP45(11)1
S6.95
O r n a m r n t r and Personal Adornment. ISBN 091024045-0140 p i SP45(I?)/ 54.95
Death and Burial. ISBN 0-91024046-9126 p./
SP45(13)/ 5495
Index. lSUN0-910240-47-71 19 o.!SP45(1?)154.95
Available as u set far 560
1957: 1964 2nd prinung (in 14 sections): various dates
Please desi@iatc individual cawlog numben when oidcring.
PACIFIC FOLKLORE
Pele a n d Hi'iaka
I'isit the Siler oi KZ'C, lld'eno, Island o f K a w ' i
Nuion Kelly. lllus~atedby Wayne Mmmoto
This boak, wriiten for intcmediatc and high schwl riudcnrr.
discusses major archaeologsal sites known lo have been
arsxiaied with hula and ielales these sites to the exciting
adventures of Pele, the volcano goddess, and Hi'iaka, her
youngest sister and palroness of the hula. Liberally illustrated,
the b ~ k c o o u i n s alist oichzacters, a Hawsiian word
glossary, and suggestions for class discussions.
1984136 p.. illur.
ISBN 0-930897-01-31PEl! scftcovei $450
Voices on t h e W i n d
Pnlynexiiron Myihi and Chonrr
Katharine Luomda
A lively inmductim to the h e r m and herwnes of Poiynesia
and the storytelling iiadilion that has kept them alive. Included are chapten on Maui, Tinirau, Tahaki, and the Menchunes,all reeining Joseph Feher's arresung illuswtions.
1955: 1986 revised edJ209 p.. illus.
ISBN 0-930897-15-3i SP751hardcover S18.95
PACIFIC CULTURAL HISTORY
I\
Outrigger Canoes
of Ball a n d h l a d u r a , I n d o n e s i a
Adrian Homdee
"
The definitive modem work on Indonesian outrigger canoes.
Richly illustnied with ~hotonnnhsand detailed Iinc draw-
Plaiting. ISBSO-910240-36-1/39 p./SP45(3)!$4.95
Twined Baskets. ISBN 0-910240-37-Xi33 pJ
SP45(4)1$4.95
Clothing. ISBN0-91M40-38-Sl97p.lSP45(5)i
S695
~ ...
Canoes. ISBN 0-910240-39-6141 p i SP45(6)i S6.95
Fishing. ISBN 0-91024040-XI 78 ~ J S P 4 5 U l S 6 . 9 5 Included is a concisc hirtwy of cnnm rigs and new instghts
Games and Recreation. ISBN 0 - $ 1 0 ~ 0 d i - 832
/
into thcir evolution in the Pac~Tic.Excellent reading for those
interested in Pacific maritime culture and sailing.
p J SP45(8)i 94.95
~
l'AClFIC CCLTCRAL HISTORY
HISTORY & LITERATURO SPECIAL LVTEREST
19871 178 p.. 94 illus.. Some in color
ISBN 0-930897-2QX: SP77/ hwdcoun $29.50
HISTORY & LITERATURE
A P i c t o r i a l H i s t o r y o f t h e J a p a n e s e in H a u a i ' i
C a n o e s of O c e a n i a
A.C. Haddun and lames Iiurnei!
Gmerni Survey, and Conciusiom-into one har,dromc arid
exhaustive study. The authoriLl!ive work on the canxr, iargf
and smal1,of ihe Pacific.
193638 (3 val.): 1975 2nd pnniing (I voi.)/897 p., illus..
indexed
ISBN 0-910240-19-11 SP27-291 soitcover 521
S i t e s of Oahu
Elspeth P. Sterling and Catherine C. Summers
This compiehcnsive collection of lnformauon on wchaeologi.
cat and hisloriial siies on O'ahu includes maieiial reprinted
from McAilistzr's and Thmm'spubliealions of the 1920s and
1933s. myths and legends associaled wirh natural landmarks
and wditional sitzr. exuacls from a l l y newspaper aniclcs,
and previously unpublished iniormauon collected from
inleiviews with infoman&. Organized geographically, the
volume contains nine fold-out maps of O'ahu.
19181372 p.. 9 maps, indexed
ISBN 0-910240-73-61 ASPllcomb bound 525
Explores early Polynesian migration and methods of navigation by the s m s .
1969 reprint edition1 16 p., illus.1 MP17I softcover $1.95
Dog a n d M a n in t h e A n c i e n t P a c i f i c
with Specid Ancnnon to Howoii
Margaret Titcomb, with Mary Kawena W u i
Emphasizing Polynesia, especially Hawai'i, this baok takes us
back t a time when the dog was imponant but not noble.
Dogs r c r e esteemed highly as i d , being carefully fed on
POI, yams, and breadfruit. Dogs were rarely kept as pe&, yet
they were gcneially we11 mated Theii hair and m t h were
used foi mamen&, their bones for fishhooks and tools.
Titcomband W u i provide a fascinating glimpse of the
ancient dog as a different creature from the pet we h o w
'Oday.
1%91 IOOp., illus.
ISBN 910240-10-8ISP59lsoftcovei
$3.95
Bishop Museum Resr
1885-1924
F i & h Odo and K z u k Sumo
This volume conirnernoiaics the crnrennrai of he .?mi31 o i
government contract Japanese iahorrir m Hawar'i. ia;,si;;
ilin~iiaiedwith photographs. h e book d e ~ i i the
s expmcnm,
of the Jqmneie people who cainc undn a throc-year c o r r x r
to uoik on lhc sugx pim';ilions of Hawai'i. This visual
hlstow tclls the siwv of the chslienees
" thew m o n k f a d an2
emphasizes the impact of the i m m i p n w on the fvrmauon of
modcrn Hawziim ssa'iery.
. .~
ISBN 0.930897-02-1 IASP4(1)! hardcover S49.95y(E&sh:
I n d e x t o t h e P a c i f i c I s l a n d A r t i c l e s in t h e
D e u t s c h e K o l o n i a l i c i t u n g , 1886-191s
Hans Ballin and Patricia LehuaTJn3ka
Deursche Koloninlzeirung was ihc orfieiai publicauon o i ihc
German Kolonial S ~ i c i y This
.
selective index covers aiuclcr
concerning Pacific region hirioiy. plilicr. and governnicnl
from 1886 to 1915.
1Y8W30 p.
ISBN 0-930897-16-11 IIP361 solicover S4.95
A h l u s e u m to Instrucl a n d Delight
U'illiom T.Brishorn ondihe Founding of #heBernice Powhi
Birhop Mueum
Roger G. Rose
An intimate look into the very early years of the Museum.
with emphasis on the virionsof ihc man r h o shaped I!.
1980185 p., illus.
ISBN 0-910240-28-01 SP681 sofreovei $6.50
SPECIAL INTEREST
h l a u n a K e a H e r e We C o m e
The lnstde Sioq o/o Scientific Erpediiior.
E.H. Bryan. Jr., edilor
Campiled from logs a i ihe 1935 expedition la Mama Kea
sponsored by ihe Hawaiian Academy of Science.
1979178 p.. illus.lPSIC6Isoltcover S4.95
Panala'au Memoirs
E.H. Bryan, Jr.
Historical account of Amencan colonization of quaiwml
Pacific islands, 1935-41.
19741294 p.1 PSIC71 softcover $495
7
SPECIAL IPITEREST1 CATALOGS
SYMPOSIA
Christmas at Sea
Capoin Fred K, K1ebii;g;it. il!uru3lcd with photographs
coilecled and edited by Robcit A. Weinsiein
Sir !ales of Christmases spent at sea, as told by a veteran
seafarer.
1974! 105 p., iiius./hlPlS/softcoverS7.95
SYMPOSIA
CATALOGS
Artificial Curiosities
Being an E ~ p o i i r i o nof Nulive Monufociurei Col!eacd on :he
Three Pocl/ic T'ogages of Cnpr Jnmei Cook. R I ; .
Adrienne L. Kacpplei
me most cornplac camlog ofmifacrs collcctcd during !he
Cook voyages, this volume descnbcs 2.0% objects fmm 47
museums and rcpiesencl a decade of research by one of lhc
worWs leading Cook scholars.
19781 310 p., 626 ilius.. 225 in color
ISBN 0-910210-24-81 SP65/ soitcover 510.50
Cook Voyage Artifacts
in Leningrad, Berne, ond Florence M u s e u m
AdrienneL. Kaeppier, cditor
19781 196 p.. 260 iilus.. 9 in coloi
ISBN 0-910240-23-Xi S P W soitcovcr 510.50
~
~
Na P a ' i K i a i
The Photoeranheis in the Hawaim Islands 1845-1900
L y n n ~ a v i'
Cataioe
at Bishoo
" of an exhibit of historical ohoromanhv
.
Muscum in 1981. Ananged and written by !he Museum's
curator of photography.
1980118 p., iilus., indexed
ISBN 0-910240-29-91SP691 softcover S5.50
P a h u a n d Piiniu
An Exhibition ofHnwniion Drums
Adrienne L. Kacpplcr
1980140 p., i1lur.i MPZU soflcicover S2.95
Eleven G o d s Assembled
F o r u m o n S ? s t e m a t i c s R e s o u r c e s in t h e P a c i f i c
S.H. Sohmei, editor
Pup" from lhc 1 0 ~ bAnnwl Zlecung of ihe Asswiai~onof
Systematics Coliecrioni hcld at B~chcpMuscum in May !%2.
The F o r m pmvid~san o v c r v l w of iJe sotus of, and r;rr:ccs
provided by, systemaiics coliectionr in the Pacific.
19851 83 p.
ISBNO-910240-98.1' SP74!sof!covci 58.50
Riogeography of t h e Tropical Pacific
Frank J. Radovrky. Pciei H. Raven, and S.H. Sohmei, editors
Proceedings of a symposium organized by the laic Dr. I.
Linsley Gressitt and held a! Bishop Muscum in May 1982.
Eighl iliuruated papers provide ihc first comprehensive
review of uopicd PaciFic biogeography, including !he
dis!riburion ofplantr. bu!!cfl,es. amphipcds, moiiusks. 2nd
birds. A joint publicalion of ihc A s s o c i a h of Sysicmalics
Colicctions md Bishop Moscum.
19831228 p.. ilius.. indexcd
ISBN 0-942924-08.81 SPI?(I !j hardcover Y 5 s
ISBN 0.942924-09-61 SP72(2)1 softcovci 535s
Pacific Basin Riogeography
3. Linslcy Giessit!, editor
A Sympasium of h e l0lh Pacific Scicncc Congccss. Hon
oluiu, 1961
19631564 p.1 hP26i softcover S7
M a n ' s P l a c e in t h e I s l a n d E c o s y s t e m
F.R. Fosbeig, fdiior
A Sympasium of !hc l0lh Paeilic Science Congress,
Honolulu, 1961.
1963; 1970 3rd pcintingl264 p.. map1 MP29i soflcovcr 57
T h e I m p a c t o f U r b a n C e n t e r s i n t h e Pacific
Roland W. Force and Brenda Bishop. editors
A Sympasium of ihe 2nd lnterrangress. Guam.
197513M p.lPSA31 soflcover S5
An Exhibition of lloraiion 1";ouden lmoqes
Adrienne L. Kacpplei
1979120 p., ilius.1 hP211 softcover 52.95
Persistence a n d Exchange
Roland W. Force and Bicnda Bishop. editon
A Sympa~iumon Ecological problems of ihc Traditional
Sociciies of lhe Pacific Region (14th Pacific Science Congress. USSR).
19811 164 p./PSA4isdtcovciSl0
WCASIONAL PAPERS; BCLLETIYS
BCLLE71NS
BISHOP MUSEUM OCCASIONAL PAPERS
R012BM. The Island or ~ m d A: Survey "r ~ e t i b s
Culture. Emory 19241 129p.l 125
B014BM. The Ch$%rarlers
and Probable History of lhe
Hawaiian Rat hlilln: and E c t o p n r a r i i ~ rof Some
Polyorslan a n d Malaysian Rats of the genus R a r l u r .
Ermg. 1924' 11 p i $12
B015K. Snrnoan House Buildinp, Cookine, and Tattooing.
Handy & Hanly. 19241 2 6 p $12
~ ~ ~A phytogPographjcnl
~ i l :
n o I 6 ~lvan
F~~~~~~~~
Discussion. S L ~ : 19251
~ ~ 47~p.1~512
.
B017K. Murli. In the Marquesnr Irlandr. Handy & Wmne.
19251 51 p.! $12
B018K String Figurer from the Marquesas and Soclef)
Irisndr. Handy. 19251 92p.i $15.80
B019K. H s v a i l a n Fungi. Stevens. IYZSI 189p.l $31
B020K. Tropical Cyeioner or the Pacific. VLIher. 19251
163 p i $27.50
BOZIBM. Report of the Director f o r 1924. Gregory. 1925i
55p.i $12
B022K. Firher of Guam, Hawaii, Samoa, a n d Tnhlll.
Fowler. 19251 38 p.1 $14.50
B023K. Archasology of the Marquesas Irlandr. Linton.
192Sl 187 p.l J33,50
. ~
~ 0 2 4 r~h n. G
~ ~ ~ ~ Wentroith.
I~
~~1925! 172
~
514.50
B025K. Revired List of H a r d I a n Pteridophytn. Ctins.
trnrcn. I9251 30p.1 112
snd
B026K, Fishes or Hlwall,
l i l m d . F o u l n & B a l l 19251 31 o.! $12
B027K. h l r r i n e zoology or the Troplcal C e n t m l Psrillc.
Edmon&w ei a 1 19251148 p i 525
B028Bhl. Report or the Director for 1925. Grcpoiy. 1926)
42 P.I $12
B029K. Ancient Hawnilan Music. Robcnr. 19261 401 p i 567
B030K. Ptruclastlr Geology o r Oahu. Weniwonh. 19261
ISSNW67-61M
Begun in 1898. the Occ(iiiomi Popen present conuibutioas in
'~
anthropology, history. and ihe natuiai sciences of I i a ~ a i and
the Pacific. The series emphasizes, bul i s nor iesuicied lo,
research mind coliiection s a i v i o e s cmi-d our a1 or under the
auspices of B i s h ~ ph M m m From volume 1-25, individwl
uiicr have been issued separaldy. Beginnins with volume 26,
O c c m i o ~ i P o p e r hs a s a p p a d as an annual, mul"disciplin.
'aq volume of collccied papers.
A camlog of over 350 titles pubitshed through volume 25 is
available from Bishop Museum Press; each number is
individually priced and bound. Beginning with volume 26,
the series is available by rubscription.
BISHOP MUSEUM BULLETINS
ISSN 0005-9439
TheBulienn series war begun in 1922 ro p r e s n t the m u l l s of
intensive research in many scientific Gelds ihroughout the
Pacific.
All titles in rhisseriesareinpnnt,eiikinonginaiB,shop
Mmeum Presseditions (camlog number with sufix -BM) or
Kraus Reprint ediuonr (camlog number with suffix -K).
Bishop Muscum Ress handlesonly individual ordcrs for
Kraus R e p k t editions. lnslimuans and booksellen should
place orders diiecGy wiih the Kraus Rcprim Co. An addiess
and ordering information a p p i l i on page 23. Buileiini
sumxed with -BM must k ordered from Bishop Museum
Press. Prices bdov for Kiaus Reprint editions include a ?09
m i c e charge to cover fuifillmcnt costs.
BffiiK. Tattooing in the Marquesas. Handy. 1922i 32p.i
<IS<""
BW?K. Early R d r r e n c e r to Hawaiian Enlomologr.
Illingronh. 19231 63 p.! $12
BW3K Hnw*iisn Legends. Rice. 19231 137 p i 527.50
BWBM. Repart of the Dlrector for 1922. Gregory. 19231
380.1
, . 512
BLnSBM. C r u r t s r r n from Pnlmyra s n d Fnnnlng lilnndr.
Edmondwrn& Rslhbun. 19231 43 p.1 112
BW6K. Tongnn Place Samcs. Gifford. 19231 258p.1 $41
Bffi7K. P o l w e s i a n Decorsllrc Derlpnr. Ominn. 1923)
I05 p i ~ 3 3 . 5 0
BW8K. Tongnn Myths and Taler. Giffoid. 19241 207pJ
133
50
...-.
BOWK. The h ' s t l w Cvltvre in the M.rqwsrs. Hsndy.
19231 358 0.1 W
~~~
54 1
B033BM. The Products a n d S l r u r t u r r of Kilsuea. Stone.
19261 59 p.1 $14.50
8034%. Polynerlan Religion. Handy. 19271 342p.I 567
B035RM. Geology o r Keula, Nihoa, Necker, and G w d n c i
Irlaodr and French Frlgates Shoal. P ~ C 19Zli
I
35 p i s i 2
B036BM. Geology of Wangala. Marshail. 19271 A8p.l $12
B037K. Food Vnlutr or Poi, T n r a , a n d Llmu. Millw. 19211
ZSp.1 512
B038Bhi. Firher of the T r o o l m l C e n t r a l Pnrlrlr. Furl=.
19271 3 2 p i $12
B039K. Strlnp F t ~ u r e $rrom FIJI .od Western Polysrrla.
BIOXK. Jungle Fowls from Pacific Irlsndr. Ball 19331
121 0.1 $2750
BlWK Kntire Musir of the Tuamotur. Burmws 19331
107 p.1 524
BilOK. Gaoiagy of the Gninpagor, Coror, a n d Esrror
l6isnd6. Chubb: and Petrology of Galapagos Islsndr.
Richdron. 19331 67 p! 514.50
B l l i K . Cult ofKIna.lumu. Sumson 1933) 63p.i 51!
Bll2K. Revision of the Hawaiian Species of P ~ p w o m i a .
Yvncker. 1933i 131 n.! $24
B113K. Society Islands Insectr. Pacific Entomological Survey.
1935: lS6p.i $25.
B114K. Mnrqursan Insects. Vol. 11. Pacific Eniomoiogicai
Survey. 19351 378 1.1 560
BIISK. Archsooiogy o f Kahoolawe. McAilirier. 19331 61 p.,
$15.50
Bll6K. Stone Remnlns In the Society I r l m d r . Emay.
19331 182p.1 $33.50
BI17K. Allelin a n d Piprurur of Hawaii. S k i u b k p , 1934:
77p.1 519
BIIXK. Tuamotuan Stone Structures. Emory. 19341 78p.1
$19
BIIPBM. Geology o f Vltiirvu. Fiji. Ladd. 19311 263pJ 513
B120BM. Fiorn o r M a k a t e s . Wildn. 1934) 49p.i S12
BIZIBM. Some Hawaiian Orihntoidea (Acarina). Jaco:.
19341 99 p.1 518
B122K. Mangnlan Society. Buck. 19341 207p.l 533.50
Bl23K. Archaeology of the Pacific Equatorial Irlandr.
Emory 19341 4 3 p i 512
BI24BM. Report of the Director for 1933. G a g a y . 19311
44 p.1 512
B125RM. Hawaiian Heiirinidae. Ned. 1934! 102p.1 515.50
B126K. Outlint o f Hawaiian Physical Therepeutlcr. H a d y
erst. 19341 51 p.1 524
Bi27K. Legends of Maul and Tnhskl. Scimron. 19341 1Wp.1
$18
BI28K. Fiowerlng Plnntr of Ssmos. ChLwpherren. 19351
ZZI n.1 341
~ 1 2 9 Polychnetn
~ ~ :
from Hnwsli. Holly. 19351 33p.i 512
B13OK. Flora of Southenstern Palynerla. Vol. I l l : Dirotyledonr. B m m . 19351 386 p.1 SM)
8131BM. Recent and Fossil M s i l n o Molluscs of Tongatabu. OrmgMni. 19351 59p.i 512
B132K. T h e Genus C o p r o m a . Ohvex 19351 2 0 7 p i 541
B133BM. Report of the Director far 1934. Gregory. 19351
71 p.1 $12
B134K C l r r d c l l l d s r of Hswsli. Orbom. 19351 62p.1 512
B13SK. Rerlsion o f Terrornolopiurn, Lipochnrra,
Dubourio. and R d l i m d i = . S h a R 19351 136p.1 $25
B136BM. Revision o f Hoplorrarhyr, Phyllorrrgia, and
S r m o g y n r . S M . 19351 101 p.1 515.50
Bi37K. Dlnofingellates of the Constst Waters of the
W e r f r r o Parlflr. BOhm 19361 54p.1 $11
B138K. Elhnology d Futunn. Burrows. 193W 239 p.1 541
~S:
Adman
BI39BM. Msrqurrsn I ~ S L FEnrlronment.
19361 73 p i 518
BIIKIBM. Report of the Dlreetor for 1935. Gregory. 19361
52p.I $12
Bishop Mvreum Ress
B141K. Fijian Pinnt Studies. Smi* i9361 166p.l 529
Bl42BM. >fsrquemn Inrects. Val. I l l . PacsficEntomo:agical
Survey. 1939! 2 2 0 d 538.50
R!43BM. R w l r l a n of the Polyotrlnn Species of Peprromi.. Yunckei. 1937) 73
114.50
BIUAM. Poi)nerian B o l a n i c d BlhIiogmphy-17731935. Meni!l. 19371 19Jp: 531
B145K Ethnology of U v e a (Wsllls lslnndi. Bunorr 19371
176 0.1 $33.50
B146K Ethnology of Tokelav Islands. Macgicgor 19371
183 p.1 533.50
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B118K. Tusmotuan Legends (lrlsnd of Anna). P a r t I. The
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B:49BM. Report o r the Director for 1936. Buck. 19371
33 0.1 512
BISOK. Ethnology of Puknpuka. Buglehole & Besgichole.
19381 419p.l $67.
BISIBM. Cryptorhynrhlnae o l R a p a . Zimmennan. 193Y!
75 p.! 518
B152K. Distribution a n d Varistlon of Arhafinrlla n u r r l line Mighelr in the Waianas Mountsins, Onhu.
Welch. 19381 I M p i 529
B153K. A Manual of the Recent a n d Fossil Marine
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a 1 19381 233 p i W . 5 0
B154K. F i o r e r i n g Plants of Samoa. P a r t 11. Chiiiiophcmn.
19381 77p.1 $19.
BISSBM. Report of the Director f o r 1937. Buck. 19381
w p i $12
B156K. Hawaiian Shore Fisher. Pieiwhmann. 19381 55p.1
515.50
B157K. Ethnology of M a n g a r e v a . Buck. 19381 519p.1 579
BI58BM. Zonitid Snails from Pnclflc I r l m d r . P n r t 1:
Southern Genera of Mirrocystinae. BaLer. 19381
102 p i $25
B159K. R w i e r of the Fauna of the \ l a r q u e s l r Islands
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BlhOBhl. Ethnologv
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447 p i 542
B161K. The Hawsllan Planter: His Plants, Methods, and
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B162K. Southern Lau, FIJI: An Ethnography. Thompson.
19401 228p.1 341
B163K. Arrhacology of M n n g e r e r s and Nelghborlne
AIoilr. Emory. 19391 7 6 p J 518
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3zpi s ~ i
Bl65BM. Zonltld Snnlis from Parlflr Iriaodr. P a r t 2:
Hewsllsn Genera of Microcystlose. Baker. 1940186p.1
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~ 1 6 6 zonltld
~ .
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G e n r r s Other t h a n '\lleroryatinar and P a r t 4: Dlrtrib ~ t l o nand Indexer. B&er. 19411 16SpJ 528
B167K. Report o r t h e Director f o r 1939. Buck 19401 42p.i
$12
1I
SZS i d PLZ I2961 Pa"""S
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Lpnrs s 10 xrodan :i9oloJ3 Zen PUelsl J!IIJ=~ WESZZE
LIE i d 6V 12961 'oPYoX
'(sapl~~auimqw
sla"oWlnd
)
:s!onpnz snoa3 'WePZZe
81%i ' d t 6 11961 '"'YeB T S a U
- o q pus
~ s ~ r a u i l o dut e r n 1 1 n w 3 v avmlr!sqns 'WEZZB
81%l d SL 11961 'V 10 k"lJ, 'lY+YYW("U3
1wr.iqd :IIWV XWII P i * o t s i ~l e m w 'w6ZZZe
21s i d 0 E
!w61
'*Jw ' c w a01 m = ~ aut
~ a10 i m d a a mszne
I S P ~ I' = i s ! a w w PPPT '11!d
OZMS i d 66C
W~ISIE
'w JO i a o i o w
7 i C i d ib
B226HM. N o l a on Ralstrian Flowering Pivntr with
Descriptions a < s e w species a n d varieties. ~ m i c .
19631 36 p.! 51.5'
BZZ7Bhf Survey o l f h e Blrdr o r Knual. Hawall. Richudioi
6: Bowlca. 1960: 5 : p.1 51:
B228K. Kspingamsrangi: Social end Rdiglous Lire or n
Poiynerlao Atoll. Emoiy. 19651 367 p.: S72
B229HM. C y r r m d r a IGesneiiaceaeI on Onhu, Hswliian
Irlnods. SI. l o b . 1966; 464 p.1 536
BUOBM. The A r r h n e a i o*.~ rof the Palau Islands: Ao
Intenrive Surrey. Orbome. 1966; 497p.1 0 0
BUIHM The Geology of Pitcairn Island, South Pacific
Oresn. Can= 19671 44p.I 58.50
B232H.M Fijinn Material Culture: A Stud) o r Cvltvrnl
Contrl-1. Function, end Change. Tippert. 19681 193p.l
"-.
P7"
B233Bhf. S a t l v e P l a n t e r s in Old Hswaii: Their Lire, Lore
and Environment. Handy & Handy. 197Y M I p i $42
B234HM. T a p s in Polynesia. Kooijman. 197U 4 9 8 p i 529
B235BM. Just One House: A Description a n d A n a l p i s of
Kinship in the Paiav Islands. Foice&Forsc. 1 9 7 3
143 p i $14.50
BZ6BM. T h e Sweet Potato a n d Oreanla: A n Essay lo
Ethnobotan). Ym. 1974; 390p.l 530
BU7BM. Quaternrry Shoretines in tho Hnwniinn Islands.
S t e m . 19781 M p i SI4..M
BU8BM. Tikopin: T h e Prehistory a n d Ecology o f n
Polynesian Outlier. K k h & Yol. 198U 416p.l 1638.50
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in 1987. lhe Bulfelinr continued wilh a rlighUy
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BISHOP MUSEUM MEMOIRS
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MOI(0IjK. Hawaiian Feather Work. Brigham. 18WI 8! p!
524
MOi(02)K. An Index to the l r l s n d r of the Pnelfic Ocean.
Brigham. 19W! 172p.! $43
MOl(O3)K. Key to the BIrdr o r t h r Hnwniian Group. Bryan.
lYOi1 76p.i 531
MO!(MjK. Stone Implements and Stone Work or the
Ancient Hawniinns. Bngham. 18021 l W p J 1631
MOI(O5)K. Additional Nates on Hawaiian Feather Work.
aiigham, 19031 19 p i $12
MOZ(0I)K M a t nod Basket Weaving of the Ancient
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Smker. 19061 1 6 2 d $43
MOZ(M)K Old ~ n w n i l s nCarvings. Bngham 19061 2 0 p I
*I"
M02(03jK.The Ancient Hsweilan Hoore. Brigham. 19081
194 p.1 $43
MO?(MjK. The Volrsnocs or Kilnuea and M s u n s Loil a o
the Island of Hnwlii.B~igham. IYW 212W S 4
MO3K Kn Hann Kaps: The Making of BnrL-Cloth In
Hawaii. Brigham. 19111 276p.I SYb
MM(O1)K. f o r n a n d e r Cotleetion af Hawaiian AntiqUilips
end FOIL-LOW T h e H ~ w e i i a a ' rAccount of the
Formation af Their Islands and Origin or Their Rare.
with the Tradtfions of Thelr M i ~ r l t i o n s ,Erc., as
Gntherrd rrom O r i ~ i n a Sourcrr.
l
(Bilingual text.)
f i r s t sprier. p a r t I. hciuder iegend;uy acrnuni~f
formaria, of Lhe Hawaiian Islands; k~egendof Aukelmuiak,
histon. o f hlohhs; ieaend of Kila. Thrum. ui 19161 173P.!
543.
Bulletins in Anthropology
Fishing: A Stvdy nl S n t a w d ,
B A l T ~ n d l t l ~ n Tuns
sl
Cenrrsl C.rolior lalsndr. Gilleli 19871 48 p.lS16
Bulletins in BMany
BBI. The Nonclimhlng S p e c k s or the C e n u r Psychorrin
(Rubinreas) lo Xrvs C v l o t n and the Bismarck
Archlpelngo. Sohmcr. Spring 1988
Bulletins in Z w l a g y
BZI. A R e d e r ~ r i p t i e n01 the Aurtrnlian Fiatbsrk Ses
Turtle, Nardor deprrrru$. Zangeil et d. Spring 1988
M04102)K. Fornandcr Collection. Flrsl Series. P a r t 11.
Includes story of Umi: KWapiiiani, s t a y of LonoikmakahiLi:
hisurry of Kualii. Thrum. d.19171 256 p i $54
MM(O3)K. F o r n s n d e r Collection. First Serlrl. P a r t 111.
lndudcs Kana and Niheu. PkoiaLaalala. d oLhn iegmds:
h m , Ed. 19171 173 p i $43.
index to Fim SC~~EI.
MOSfOljK. F e r n a n d o r Collection. Second Ser1.s. P a r t I.
Includes Kawrlo. ?&a. Kuapeksa. end oLhcr l e g e ~ d slhnvh
Ed. 19181 215 p.1 $43
MM(02)K. F a r n s n d e r Collretioo. Second Sslles. Part 11.
Includer Ha:cmano. Namskaokapao.Iwa. Pun& d oWa
legends h . d . 19191 275 p.1 5%
MtIsIO3)K. F o r n n n d ~ rColicrlion. Second Series. P a r t
DEPARTME~TALREPORT SERIES
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hlOS(O1jK. F o r n s n d e r Coiieriion. Thlrd Series. P a r t 1.
h d u d w ancierr reliaiour ceremonies; Hawaiian priesthood;
ag.icubiiie: fshing: amusmenu. 7hrun pi. 19191 217 p.!
DRS7G-9. P i i l a n l h d e H e i l u Project. Phase I. Sltc
533.
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M06102iK. F o r n a n d r r Collection. Third Series. Part I1
DRS?!.?. Human Skeletal Remains sr Anaehoomalu.
hcivdca m u m d migration of Polynesian raco: legmdr,
Pic0urewr);y. 1971178 ~ 1 1 2 . 5 0
~mcaiogica,and nureilaneous noThrum d. 19141
DRS7I-8. Human Skeletsi Remains in the B.P. Blshsp
136p.i $31.
Museum. P;eaweuiky. 1971136 9.152.50
M06(03jK. Fornander Collectton. Third Series. P m 2%
DRS71.0. Arrhseoloylrnl lnvertlgationr in South Halara
Includu ~hanrrsong%,lameniaoonr, andpiayaa: index ro
V a l i e ~ .Oehu: Phnre 11. Demwn& Forman. i971;64p:
Third Snies: Thrum.d.19201 186g.l 543.
$3
M07(OIiK. Additionst Notes on Hawatinn Feather Work.
DRSlI-11. Arrhaeoiogieai Excavations a t Ksmehameh.
Bngham. lq18i 69 p.1 $24
If1 Road, S o r l h Kona, l r l a n d of Hawaii: P h a s e 11.
h f 7 W j K . A Monogrnphic Study of t h e Hawaiian Species
Crozier. 1971130 p.1 $2
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DRS72-3. Archaeological Reconnaissance of Proposed
Raek. IYl91394pi 5153.50
Kapoho-Kaiapann Highway, Dirtrlcr of Puna, lriand
hZOS(O1)K. 4 Monographif Study of the Genus f i i r r h o r
of Hawaii. Bevscqua4 Dye. 1972146piS2
din. B e c c s l & R a k . 19211 77p.i S24
DRS72d. Archseoiogicd S u r r e y of Portions uf Waikolor,
hlG8(OZ)K. A Contribution to 51moaQ Somatalcx?.
soltth Kohsia District, l r l a n d of Hawaii. Xevacqua ed.
Sullivan. 19211 20p.i $12
19721
. 21 0.1
, . 92
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Interim Reporl No. 1. S h o w & hfcCoy. 1974132p!
M08iMX. A Coofributlon t o Tongan Sonatology. Sdli13.25
van. l92V 3 0 p i 512
DRS79.1. Arrhseologirai Exrsvatlonr a t Seven Sites,
h108(05)K. The Material Culture of the Marquernr Iriandr.
Sollthlast Xaui, Hawaiian Ihiands. Chapman & Kiich.
L'mtnm. 19231 211 P.! 554
1979140 p i 55
MWIOIIK. The M o r l o n r of C n a t h ~ mirlnndr. S k ' i a .
DRs79.2. Late Prehirtarle a n d Early Historic Settlement.
19231 1 4 0 ~ . 1543
S ~ o ~ i ~ L Systems
~ n c e in the Anshuiv VaIIe?, Oahu.
MW02)K. Xarqursao Somatology -4th Compnmtlut
Rish. 1979184 p . l U
Notea on Samoa a n d Tongs. Sullivan. 19231 IIOp! 524
DRs80.1. The Wilins Psli Pstroglyph CWP, Hawsli
M09(03)K.J*wr a n d Teeth o f Ancient Hawaiians. Chappeil.
lrlsnd: A R e ~ o r on
t Preliminarv A r c h l e d o g i r a l
19271 18 p i $24
Investigations. Cleghhm 1980122 p / 54
MW(MiK. Ohrcrvationr on Hlwniiaq Somstoiogy.
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K& 19801116 p i ss
M09(05lK. The Morloris. Skim~i&Baucke.19281 44p.I Sl2
DRS80.3. K a v a i n u l Mzrrtl, o ~ h u :Hlrtoricai and ArMl0K. F l r h r s of Oceanic. Fovlci 192w IlOp.1 $129.50
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MII(0I)K. D e s r e o d ~ o t nof the Mutlnrers or she Bounty.
DRS83.1. Archneoioglral tnvssrigatluns of the MucilaneShapira. 19291 106 p.1 $24
Waimea Knwaihae R%d Corridor. Island of Hawsil.
MII(0ZJK. Orawrh o f Children lo Hrwali Basrd on
C l ~&
k Kirch, edr. 198315W p., 2 minofichciSi5
Ohrer*atianr by Lovis R. Suilivan. Wvilcr. 19301
DRSW-I. Subsirtence end Conflict In Konn, Hnwsil. A n
2 9 p.1 %4
A r ~ h s e o l o g l r Sfvdy
~i
or the Kvskinl Highway: The
MIl(03)K. D8st.l Morphology nod Psthology of PcchlsAlignment Corridor. s c h i k 19841427pJS12
tori= Guam. Leigh I9291 I9 p.1 $12
DRs86-I. Moe g n u a Hooiio: H ~ w a i i n nMortuery Prsc.MII(MIK. T h r Physicst C h a r s e t e r r of the Societ).
flczr s t XeBpG, Xonn, Hawnil.
i r i n n d ~ t sShapim. 1930139 PJ $12
Han er al. 19861418 pJS?3
MII(0S)K. Fishes of O r m n i a , Suppl. I. Fowlu. 19311 71 p i
DRS86.3. T h r S a t u r s i a n d Cultural Hictory of Hirneuoau,
3%
.
.
Ken*. Hawail. Bryan& Emory. 19861 277 p i $20
MlllD6)K. Fishes of Ocesnis, Suppl. XI. Fowls. I9341 84
DRS87-1. Five Upland 'Ili: ~
~
~
ha n d Historical
~
~
~
p/ 524
Inveitigatlonr in the K s n d o h e Interchange. InterMl2(OIlK The Physics1 Chnrscters of the Cook I ~ l a n d c r r .
stare Highway H-3. Inland of Ocahu. Alien ed- 19871
S h W o & Buck. 1936135 p.: $43
315 P I 523
M12(02)K. Fisher of Ocasnia, Suppl. 111. Fowioi 19191
DRS87.Z. A r r h a e o i o g i c ~ l9od Snivapr Excavations a t
152 p.1 $43
Sstlonal Hirtortc*i Perk,
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m a
HZeaunalr, Konn, H s u n i ~ .soehren &Tuohy. 19871 in
~~
~~
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~
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DRS88-I. Land Crt a n d L n n d m r m Change in Kawal SUi
Marsh, O'ahu: Gtoarrhaeologirnl Investigations
Aiim 19881 =a. 1ZOp.l lnpress
.
l
~
~
i
~
PACIFlC .4WROPOLOGICAL RECORDS
PACIFIC ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECORDS
ISSN 0078-740X
PocGc AnlhroplogicolRecords (PAR) cover aspects of
Pacific Anlhrnpology, including archaeology, elhnoiogy.
linguistics, social and physical anthmpology, ethnohillory,
and clhnornusicolopy. AII xities are s o f ~ o v e unless
r
olheiwlw indicated. The PARSwill be dnconlinued iollowing
number 39.
PAR3. T h e Kumuhonun Lcgendr: A Study o r Late 19th
Cenlvry Hawniien Stories of Creation and Origins.
Brmeie. 1969147p.1S2.50
PARI3. Studies lo Oceanic Culture History: Volume 3.
Green & Kelly. eds. 197U 168 P.! S1
PAR16-17. E x c s w r l a n o r s Hahilation Cave, Hanspcteo
Valley, Hir. On, Mnrquernr tslandr. Skpbo!d. A
Settlemmt Pattern Survey, Hnnatekua Vnllry, Hlvs
On, Mnrqutsar Islands. Beilvood. 1972, 9 0 p J U.50
PARIS. M s k a h a Valley Hlrtorlcai Project: I n t ~ r l mRept.
No. 3. Laiid Bi Yen,di. 1972i 113 p.116.50
PARl9. Mnkshn Valley Hlstarlrnl Project: Interim Rept.
No. 4. Ladd, 4.1973164 p i s 5
PAR20 T h e Mlsslonnry Censuses o r Hawall. Schmiir.
1973150 p l $3
PAR2I. Anuts: A Polynesian Outlier in the Solamon
Islands. Y o i & Goidon. cdr. 19731155 p i 1 6
PAR22 Material Cvifure o r the Tusmotv A r r h l p ~ l a g o .
Emory. 19751253 p./ hrudu?vciS16.50
PAR23 Kamthnmchs in Kona: Two Oorumentsry
Studies. "Kmakahonu: Kemahamchn'r Lari Reridace" and
" The Morning Srai Aims Know..': A Documentary Seaich
for ihe Boner of Kamehameha." Badre. 19751 108 p.1S6
PARZ5. Exeavstlons on Opolu, Western Snman. Jmings ei
d. Append* by Dickimon. 19761 I I5 p.1 S6
PAR26 Hawnll in 1819: A Narrative Account by Louis
Claude de Saulses d e Freycinef. Notes andcomcnir by
Kelly. Wirweil. mnrlafor. 19781138 p i 1 6
PAR27 Arrharologiral Rerearch in the Cook Islands.
Beliwood. 19781214 p.1 S10
PAR23 Symbols or Sovereignty: Feather Girdles of
Tnhlll s o d Hswnll. Rore. 1978169pJs4
PAR29. M s r i n r E x p l o i l ~ t i o oio P r ~ h i r l o r l cHsvall:
Archaeological I n v ~ s i l g s t i a n rat K ~ l i h u l p u a a ,
Hnwnll Irlend. K k h . 19791235 p.;Sil
PAR30 Hula: H l r t o i l r a l P e r r p ~ c t i v ~ sBm&ieet
.
ai. 1980!
16O~.!Sl0
PAR31. M i k a h n before 1880 A.D. M a k s h n V.lley
Hlrtarlrnl Project- Summary. Report No. 3. Grcen.
19801 W p l $7
PAR32. Archneologicnl Excavations In Western Samoa.
hmhgs & H o l m a 19801155 p.158
PAR33. N l n t l m n t b Centur). Hswsiisn Chant. Taw. 19821
I w p . . vilh p!wagnphs a( chenfas. spccmgiams. and
rmmdrhecli Sf5
PAR%. T h t Prthlstorlc Arrhaeolag). or Norfolk Island.
SUPPLTO 1 MED EL;IOMOLiINSECTS OF MICROh%SJA
S p c i t 1984176 p i 5 6
PAR35 C n r o l i n ~Islands Archaaalogy: Investigations on
Feran, Fsrauirp, Woieai, end Lametrek. S1.nrc.d.
l 9 U i 16OpiS14
PAR36 Socisl Relstionr lo Anrleot T o n g a r e m . C m p k l l .
19851 122p.!S14
PAR??. Tmdilionai F i s h l n ~I n the Pacific: Ethnographlm l a n d Arrhntaiogicnl P s p c r r rrom the 15th Pacirir
Science Congress. Andeiiond. 1987! 213 p i $:I
PAR38 Marshall lriands Archaeology. Dye.cd. 1987: ca.
400 0.1 due e t o b s r
PAR39. Hawaiian Cordage. Summcn. 19571 m. 1Wp.l due
November
SUPPLEMENTS TO THE JOURNAL OF
MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY
This series, published from 1976 t o 1983, ha been diuontinucd The following lillcs are available.
SJMEl A Review or the Genus Trourrrurtio. Sanlana
19761 128pJS9
SJMEl The G e n u r l r o d r r In the Unlled S t s t e r ; A
Scaanlne Electron W r r o s c o o e Srvdv a n d Ker to the
Adults. Kekaru & Clifford. 19781 Id9p.1Si2
SJMU. Annotated Blbllogr&phy a t T u i o r h y n c h i r c r
(Diptern: Cullcldatl. Srcflaneisl. 19801 140pJS13
S J M U Annotated Bibliography or the Face Fly, M u s r o
autumnrlir (Diplara: hluscidae]. Moiganeid. 19831
25 p i S8
INSECTS OF MICRONESIA
ISSN W73-8115
An irrenuiarseries Tist a ~ m a r i n ein 1953 and coverim the
IM2. Bibliography. Erairi e i a l 19551 68p.155
1M3(1). P r ~ u d o r r o r p i o n l d a .Beic. 19571 M p i $5
1M3(21. ScorpionIda. Chaph. Opiiioner. Goodnight&
Coodmghi. 19571 iBp.1 52.50
IM30). Ixodoidea. Kohls. 19571 2Op.l $2.50
lM3141. Araneina: Orthognatha, Lahidognatha. Roewer.
19631 28 p i $350
IM3(5). Acarlna: Mesostigmala: Dermanyrsldar, Laelapidae, Spinrurnicidae Parasitic on Verlebrates. Wilson.
Mariorholidae. Kianil. 19671 22p.1 S2.50
IM4(1). Pauropoda. Remy. 1957: 12p.i 52.50
IM4(Z). Crusmrea: Amphipod. ( S t m n d end Terrastrisl
TnlltrldaO. Bamard. 19601 iBp.1S2.M
IMS(1). Odaneta. Licfiinck. 19621 95 p i 51-50
IMS(2). Dermlpterr. Brindle. Manmdeu. Beia. 197U i 9 p . i
57
Lh16(1).
M6(2i.
I.W6(3).
U16l4).
Aleymdidse. Takahark. 19561 13p.l $2.50
Aphididss. E~rig.39561 2 3 p i 52.50
Fulgoroides. Fernah. 19561 171p.1 $9.50
Corropidac. Synsvs. 19571 18p.1 52.50
LM6W Cicadsilidae. l,imauu&. I l t m b r a c l d a r . Kaio.
19601 121 p i 58.50
M6(6). Psyliidat. TiiihiU 19M1 24p.1S2.50
LW6(7j. Coecolden. Beardriel. 19661 1 8 6 p i 59.50
LU6(8j. Hornoptera: F u l g o r d d e s , Suppi. Fernah. 1971i
47 p i %.SO
Lrl6i9f. Cleadaliidsr. Suooi. Llnnavoun. Clrsdidae. &aki
LU7(2j. Tlngidsc. b a k e . 19561 i 6 p : $2.50
IM7(3). Aradidac. Mabuda & Uringer. 19571 56 p.! 54
19581
M714i.
B.
a r.k~
~. 46~ n=I ,?4
.
. , Lv-aeidac.
,"
LW7(5i. Enlrocephsiid8e. Uringer & Wygodrinsky. Re.
duvildst. Wwodtinrh & Uimno. Cimiridac. Usinper
N8l4). Psocoptem. Thorntoner ai. Anopturn, Suppl.
Wikan. 19721 104p.1 59
LW90j. Slirroiepldopters: Tortrleoidea. Clarke. 19761
144 rnl
. I12
IM9l2). Microiepidoptera: Geiechioidrn. Clarke. 19841
11 0.1 53.50
~ ~ 1 4 Cullridm.
1 )
Bohan. 19571 85p.l $7
LUIZ(2). Bihionidne nnd Scafopridae. Haidy. 19571 15 p i
$7
<"
~ 1 2 ( 6 ) . ' ~ y c s t o p h i i i d a pCollcrs.
.
19661 31 p.1 53.50
IM1'47). Scizridnt. Stsffan. 19691 64p.l 56
IMIZl8i. T i p ~ l l d a e .Aiexmdm. 19721 i l l p.1 510
LWll(ii. Dorillldae. H s d y 19551 9 p i 52.50
LWIIIZ). Omphrslidae. Haidy. Sarcophagidae. SowaLopes.
19581 37 p i 83.50
U113ll). Tabsnidne. Sione. Empididae. Qurue. 19601 23p.l
~
17<n
--.A"
M l l ( 4 ) . Strntlomyidae, Caliipharidae. lames. 19621 52 p.1
54.50
IMIl(5). Syrphidac. SMmki. Sarcophsgldae, Suppl. Sour*
Lopes. 19631 6 2 p J $5
LUI3(6). Murcldse. Snyder. 19651 136p.i 18.50
LWW7i. Phorldae. Beya. 19671 31 p i $3.50
M14(1). Tephritidle. Hady & Adachr. 1956128 p i 53.50
LMid(2). Artelidac. Sabmsb. Coeiopldne. Hardy. 19571
27 p.1 $2.50
ih114(3j. Serlidae m d >lilirroprtldne. Aczei. 1959' 43 p!
53.50
Ml4(4!. Siphonnptera. Hopk'im 19611 16p.i 52.50
LUi4(5j. Sphaerorcridse (Borboridaai. Rzchaids. Agromyzidar. SF"=.
19631 5Zpi 34.50
M14(6). Drorophilidar. WheelerBTakada. 1964 80p.1 57
M14(7). Clusiidae. Sreyskd&Sarakara. Hlppoborcidae:
Streblldse. Maa. X ~ c t e r l b l i d a e .Tneodor. lU661 3 5 p i
n
so
.~
&115(1). C o k o p m n : C a r a h i d r e Including Cicindslinae.
Dailingron. 197W 49p.i 35.50
LW15121. Rhvrodldse. Bdl &Bell. Scsphidildae. b b i :%!I
27 p.1 s j
iMl6li). Elateridac. VmZwduwcnbmg. 19571 %p.! 55
&ti6(2). Lamp)ridae, Canfharidae, Mdachiidae and
Prionorsrldae. Witvner Anobildar. Ford. 6ostr)chi.
dre. Chii,d. Endomychidae. Snohccker. 19581 42p.l
53.50
IMi6(3). Dermerfidat. B e d i9bll 22p.1 52.50
M16(4j. Sitidulldse. Giilugiy. 19621 55p.1 Y.50
L\116(5). Coccineilidat. Chapin. Anthlrldsc. Werner. 19651
85 p i 57
Udl6(6i. Cryptophrgidae and Myretophagldee. Chi*.
Maiachiidae, SuprA. Wiamcr. 19701 10p.i 5250
L\i16(7i. C ~ b u c ~ p h u l i d a eEndrody-Younga.
.
Propalticidae.
lohn. Elaferldae, Suppl. (ihi-a. 197i1 i9p.1 52.50
1M17(11. Chrysomelidae. Gre;sitt. 195Y 60p.i 54.50
LW17(3i. Tenebri~nldal?.Kulrei. 19571 72p.1 55
LW17l4). Scarabsridar. Caiiwiisht& Cordon. 19711 40p.i 54
iMl8(1). Plnlypodidae a n d Sco1:lidae. Ward. lU6O1 73 p.1
~
~
Si
M19(2). Eucharldne. Waiansbe. Ichneumonidae, Slophan1d.e a n d Evaniidae. Tower. 19581 68 p i 55
IM19(3j. Eurollinae (Cynipoideai. Yoihmoto. 19621 1 9 p 1
S2.50
lM19(4). Chslcldoidea: Euiophidat, Enryrfldae (part),
Pteromalldat. Yorhunoto&iihii. 19651 7 0 p J $5
PACIFIC INSECTS MONOGRAPHS
ISSN W78-7575
?his series uwting monographic works was pubiished
irregularly fmm 1961 10 1986. Fo1iowin.q
~ubiicationof
..
number42, Poc$c Inrecis Monograph was discontinued. A
complete list o f avajlabic rilles iollows.
PM?. Problernr in the Zoogroeraphy of Pacific and
Antarefir Insects. Gierrtit. Appendices by Maa (Machaootidaei. Mackerrar (Trbmdael. Nakara (Phamrro~deaj.
wdpuaro :Prychodidae). 19611 127 p.1 p a p s 56
PLM3 The S l p h o n a p t ~ mor Japan. Sakqun Blameran.
19621 169 p i papnSI0
PLW4 T s r o n o m y , Zoogeography, s a d Evolution of t n d o Aurrralian Thrrania (Hymenoptem: I r h n ~ u m o n l d ~ e j .
G u p a 19621 142pJ papa510
P!M
A R e u l e ~o f t h e Marhaerotldae (Hemlptrra:
Cerropoidea). Maa 1963; 166 p.1 cloth $15: papei$:O
PIM6 Genera and Specter a f the Hippoboscidar
(Dipfcra): Their Types, S?non)my, H a b i l s f r and
Xalurai Groupingr. Msa. 19631 l R 6 p l p q x i % l 0
PIM7 Insects of Cemphrll Island, Gierrii:andColiabbnia!sr
1964 663 D./ o a p s 521
1cnp./ papersio
PIMI:. Lepideptera of American Samos with Psrticuiar
PIM?? Entomology of the Avrklands and Other Islands
South or 5 e w Zeaisnd. Cressxi&ed 197!1 34!ip.J dos'
$25: p a p 524
PIM28. Studies in Batflies (Diptrrs: S ~ i e b i i d s e S, W e r .
lblideel P a i l 1. M7a 19711 247p.1 c l o i h S 2 0 : p ~ e ~ S 1 5
PIM29. A Review of the World Gencrs of Siydseinae,
wllh n Revirion of Spe&s of X e u Guinea s o d
Oceanfa (Dlptera: Muicldatl. Vockemh, 197% 134p.:
clorh 515; paper 5:O
PLM30. Allicinac of Oceania (Coieopteis: C h r y y l m t i i d m ) . Smvrlron 19731 165p ' c:o*$15; ~ a p a S l 0
PIM3i. T h e Frull flier lTcnhrlfidne.Diotem1 of Thaliand
-
p a p 57
PIMI3. A Monographic Revision of the Genus Ponrra
Lslrslile (H?menoptere: Formicidat). Taylor. 19671
112 p.1 cloth $10: paper $7
PihZl4. The Ants of Polynesia (Hymenoptera: Formi.
ridaei. Wiiron & Taylor. 19671 109 p,/cioih 510; p a p i 57
PIhli5. A Zlonogiaph of Papuan Pryrhodidae, Including
P h l r b o r o m u ~(Diptern). Qwe
& Quaie. 19671 2i6p.l
clcih 515: papa 510
PIMI6 The Family Preudoraeciiiidae (Procoptola)--A
Respprsiral Based on the Discovery o f N e w Oriental
a n d Pacific Swcler. LEe&Thornron. 19611 I l 6 ~ 1 c i o i h
$10: pap=, 57
PIMI7 S e w Guinea hiosquiloer, I. A e d r r (Verrollinn) of
the Papvan Subregion (Dirtera: Cuiiridaei. Huang~
The C d r r Subgenus Lophorrrsom+o in X P W Guinea
and Bismarck ArchIpeiago (Dlptera: Culicidre).
SkirmaLam. 19681 186p.l papaS15
PIMI8 Bibliography of Xew Guinea Entomology. Cierrin
& Szeni-lvany. 19681 674p.l cloth $25;paper $15
PIMI9 T h e Perloroeid F s u n a 1PsocooteraI. of the Orienfai
Region s n d ;he Pacific. ?hornton& Wmg. 19681 I58p.l
cloi"il5: paper $10
PIhl2O. Studies in Hippobosrldae (Dipfeir): P a r t 2. Maa.
19691 312 p.1 cIolh520: paper Sl5
PIM21. Fulgoroides (Hornoptera) from S e w Calrdooia
and the Loyalt) Irlandr. Fernah. 19691 l l 6 p . l ciolh
$10: p a p a s 7
PIM22. Die A t t i e l n a ~d e s Indischen Suhkontinenler
(Coleoplera-Chrysornelidael. Scherer. 19691 251 p!
cloth Sl5: o a m 110
Pihn23. Suhsntarclir Enlomoiog), Particulariy of South
Ceorela and Heard Island. Gisrria. d. 19701 374.1
ciofh i25; paper 520
PlM25 Advancer in Antarctic and F a r Southern Entomology. Gressm & Snandmann edr. 19711 226 p l clolh $20:
pa^ SIS
PlM26. Merirlnae of the Oriental Region and South
Pacific (Hemiprtrs-lieteraptpra: Aradidae). K m i l e r .
19711 165p.l doihSlS: papers10
.
..
Bishop Murem Rers
525: p a w 520
PIM32. T h e Frvit flier of the Phiiipplner (Diptern:
Tephrilidae). Hardy. 19741 266 p.1 eloih 520: papei $15
PIM33. Die Tenehrlnnidon d e r Pnpvsnischen Gebietcr. I.
Strongyllni ( C o k o p t e m : Tenehriooidsr). h z a b .
19771
osociS15
. 2190.1
Plh134. A Rrvlrion of the Suhfarnliy Coelidltnac (Hornoptern: Clradellidae). 11. Tribe Thngriini. N~eison.19771
218 p i clolh S2e paper S l 5
PlM35. A Reuislon of the Suhlnmlly Cnrlldilosr (Homop.
tom: Cicsd4lidae). I l l . T r i b e Teruliioi. Ntebon.
19791 3 2 9 p i papa 525
PlM36. Comparative Studies of the Covrtship nod Mating
Behavior of Tropical A r s n d d Spiders. Rohinmn&
Robinson. 19801 218 p/ paper $25
PlM37. Psoeapttra of the Fiji Isisnds. Tlarntm. Psocop.
t e r n of the Tongan Archipelago. Thmlon. P ~ o c o p t e r r
from Central a n d Sourbern Chile. N c r &lhomton.
Procootera from Roblnsoo Cruroe Island. Jvnn
. ..
. -
paper $20
PIM38. A Rovlsion or the Subfamily Coelldllnne (Homoptera: Ciradellidae). I V . T r i b e Coelidilni. Nieison.
19821 318p.1 papa533
PlM39. Taxonomy, Phylogeny a n d Biogeogrephy of the
( ; m u r i ocmopiol,rw r i l h K e r n ~ r h ~ oihs
n Ii~.turw
i l m y r l l ~ r l p h !af the i u b l i t h . Cu5nuyrailrlsrlr
:?!p
PI"
~ l l w n u p t c r a :CiraJidael. i
. 9
S'i
PIh140. A Reririan of the Subfamily Coelidiinae (Homop.
#ern: Cicsdrilidae). V. New tribes Hikanglini,
Younealidiini, a n d Gebritinl. Nieiion 19831 7 8 p i
i16
PIM4I. Systematics a n d Biogeoeraphy of the Longicorn
D e ~ t l eTribe Tmesisternini. Crersitr, 19841 263 p.1
paper $25
P1M42. ~ r v i fFlies or the Subtrlbe Acsnthonerrlnn of
Indonesia, N e w C Y ~ W Be n, d the Blrmsrrk a n d
Solomon Irlsodr (Diptern: Tcphritldne: Tryprtlnne:
Arnnthonevrlni). Hzudy. 19861 191 p.1 ~ ~ $ 3 5
17
WW-PACIFIC FISHES
INDO-PACIFIC FISHES
ISSN 0736-M60
.
of fishes within the indo-West Pacik region. Color illusmtions are included fm p o w p with w b r f w l species. The
PF1 Revlsioo of the Indo-Pacific Gablid Firh Genus
Sfonogobrop$. H a r e & Randail 198Zi 1 8 p l 5690
IPF2 Revision of the Indo-Pacific Labrid Firh Genus
S u r i i r h l k y s , with Doreriptionr of Fovr New Species.
.Piirsrii
.--. 14115171
,.
, r. i *((l..-li
IPF?. A Review or the Pomacentrid Firhen o f the Gee".
S l r g a r r n from the Indo-Pacific, with Descriptions of
T w o New Soecier. Ailen &Em-.
1985131n.lS8.75
iPF4 Revision of the Gohiid Firh Genus Istrrobrur
Lluidy & Hoere. 1985141 p.1511
IPFS. A Rerislon or t h e Indo-Wosr Pacific Parrotfish
Genera Calorornur a n d L~prosrnrus(Scaridae:
Spariramstinae). B m f & Randall. 198513ZpJS9
IPF6 Revlrion a! tbe Indo-Paeific Apoganld Firh Genus
P S . ~ ~ . ~ ~ O~, 8 t ~
h
~
~or T ~~ sew
~~species.
~ i D
Rands11 at d. 1985123 p 1 S7.25
IPR. Revlrion or the Indo-Pocifle Dsrtfirher, Genus
P t ~ d e o f r i (PerrBormes:
r
Gohioidei). Randail &
H o w . 1985/36p.1$11.75
IPF8 A Reviiiaa of the Odoridne, n Temperate A u s t m
lian.Naw Zealand Lsbroid Fish Family. Gemon &
Pmon. 19861 57p.lS14.50
IPF9 Revirion a n d Vicwlnnre Uiogeogmphy of the
Subfamily Congrogedinae (Pisma: Pwciformer:
P r e u d ~ ~ h r o m i d a l )Winlerbnom.
.
19861 34p.I $8.80
IPFIO. A Review of the Gohiid Firh Generp Ezyrier and
M a ~ r s d o n t o g o b i u s ,with Description of r New
Species of Exyriar. Murdy. 1985114 pi $6
P F I l . Review or the S n a p p e r s of the G e o v s L u + m u r
(Pisces: LutJanidne) from the Indo-Psciflr, with the
Descriptian of n New Species. A l l c n & T d b r 19851
87 oJ$l9.50
LPF12. Review o f the Monncsnthid Fish Genus Pcrvngor,
with D ~ r c r i p t i o n rof T w o New Spreies. Hurchmr.
39861 35 p i 59.80
IPFI3. Revision ol the G r o u p e ~ rof the Indo-Pariric
Genus Pircrropornv, (Perciformen: Scrrsnidnt).
Rendail& Has.. 1986131 pJ612
IPFI4 Revision or the Indo-Pacific LutJrnid Genus
Piniulo. with Dcrt'riotion of n New Soeries. Rwdalier
. -.
WAU ECOLOGY WSTCI'UTE
PUBLICATIONS OF THE WAU ECOLOGY
INSTITUTE
tiandhmkr on the biota of New Guinea and neighboring w a s
and the resuliF of research in i q i c a l ecology. Bishop
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Eumpe and the Americas Others should place w d e n dircLrli
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tilies are softcoverunless otherwise indicaled
WEIHI. Hsndbook of Common New Gulnen Frogs.
Mmzicn. 1976183 p./M color i1iur.l hsdcavn $9
WEIHZ. Handbook of Common Kew Guinsn Beetier.
Grerriit & Homabmok 1977195 p.146 illur.. 4 in color1 S7.50
WEIH3. Guidc t o Bioiogicai T e r m s in Msiansrian Pidgin.
slllion. 19n1118 p., i i i ~57
i
WEIH4. Upland Birds of Northeastern Vow Guinea.
Bcehln. 19781116 p., 26 iliur..4 incoiodS10
WEIH5. Guide t o Mt. Katndi: Background to M o n l m e
New Guinea Ecology. Giesrirr & N&aM. 19781139 p i
50 illus., 2 in coiorl 58
~
t
i
~
~
~
W I H 6 . Haodbook 01 New Guinea Rodents. Memkr &
b V . 1979173 p., 24 color illuri $8
W I H 7 . Reptiles of the Solomon Isiaodn. MGoy. 1980186
p.. 20color iliirr.lS8
W H 8 . Uirdr of t h e North Soiomonr. Haddm. 19811 118 p..
81 c o i n i l l ~ J $ 1 i
WEIPI. Guide to Nntivt Land Mammals of Northcart N e r v
Guinea. Ziegla. 1972 [preliminmy veriionV 28 p i unhund
52
WWP2. Ecology a n d Conservntion in P a p u s S e w Guinea.
Lamb & Grerritr. edr. 19761 133 p i 53
WEILi. Yvmi Oigeta L l i k l m D i a a i (We Ail Need T r e e s ) .
mdarciV 8 p J S.40
WEIU. Lukautim Samting Long P s p u a New Guinea
(Conservation in P s m n S e w Guinea). Gresiiiieid.
19781 12 p.1550
WElU. Diwai Bilong Wiolm G r i s (Nitrogen-fixing
Trees). Swill & Nalu. 19811 12 p / 5.50