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FINLAND IN FIGURES
2016
ISSN 2242−8496 (pdf)
ISBN 978−952−244−560−5 (pdf)
ISSN 0357−0371 (print)
ISBN 978−952−244−559−9 (print)
Product number 3056 (print)
Contents and Sources
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Sources: Natural Resources Institute Finland (luke.fi), Finnish Food Safety
Authority Evira (evira.fi), TNS Gallup Food and Farm Facts Ltd (tns-gallup.fi)
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Source: Statistics Finland (stat.fi)
Culture and the Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Sources: Statistics Finland (stat.fi), Ministry of Education and Culture
(minedu.fi), The National Library of Finland (nationallibrary.fi),
MediaAuditFinland Oy (mediaauditfinland.fi), Finnish Film Foundation (ses.fi)
Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Source: Statistics Finland (stat.fi)
Elections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Source: Statistics Finland (stat.fi)
Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Sources: Statistics Finland (stat.fi), Finnish Energy (energia.fi)
Enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Source: Statistics Finland (stat.fi)
Environment and Natural Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Sources: Statistics Finland (stat.fi), National Land Survey of Finland
(maanmittauslaitos.fi), Finnish Environment Institute (ymparisto.fi), Finnish
Meteorological Institute (fmi.fi), Ministry of the Environment (ymparisto.fi),
Metsähallitus (metsa.fi)
Financing and Insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Sources: Statistics Finland (stat.fi), NASDAQ OMX Helsinki Ltd.
(nasdaqomxnordic.com), Bank of Finland (bof.fi)
Government Finance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Sources: Statistics Finland (stat.fi), Ministry of Finance (vm.fi), Ministry of
Foreign Affairs (formin.fi)
Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Sources: Statistics Finland (stat.fi), The National Institute for Health and
Welfare (thl.fi)
Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Source: Statistics Finland (stat.fi)
Income and Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Sources: Statistics Finland (stat.fi), Natural Resources Institute Finland
(luke.fi), The National Institute for Health and Welfare (thl.fi)
Justice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Source: Statistics Finland (stat.fi)
Labour Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Source: Statistics Finland (stat.fi)
finland_in_figures_2016.indd 2
23.5.2016 13:56:52
Contents and Sources
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Source: Statistics Finland (stat.fi)
National Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Source: Statistics Finland (stat.fi)
Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Sources: Statistics Finland (stat.fi), National Land Survey of Finland
(maanmittauslaitos.fi), Finnish Immigration Service (migri.fi), Ministry of
Employment and the Economy (tem.fi)
Prices and Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Source: Statistics Finland (stat.fi)
Science, Technology and Information Society . . . . . . . . . 37
Source: Statistics Finland (stat.fi)
Social Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Sources: The National Institute for Health and Welfare (thl.fi), Finnish
Centre for Pensions (etk.fi)
Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Sources: Statistics Finland (stat.fi), Finnish Customs (tulli.fi)
Transport and Tourism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Sources: Statistics Finland (stat.fi), Helsinki Region Transport (hsl.fi),
VR Group Ltd (vrgroup.fi), Finnish Transport Agency (liikennevirasto.fi),
Finavia Corporation (finavia.fi), Finnish Transport Safety Agency Trafi (trafi.fi)
Wages, Salaries and Labour Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Source: Statistics Finland (stat.fi)
Foreign Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Sources: UN, Demographic Yearbook, Population and Vital Statistics Report
(unstats.un.org); UN, The State of World Population (unfpa.org); Eurostat
(ec.europa.eu/eurostat); CIA, The World Factbook (cia.gov); World Bank,
World Development Indicators (worldbank.org); ILO, ILOSTAT Database
(ilo.org/ilostat); OECD, Economic Outlook (oecd.org); IMF, World Economic
Outlook (imf.org)
Symbols
*
.
-
preliminary data
category not applicable
magnitude nil
. . data not available or too
uncertain for presentation,
or subject to secrecy
A horizontal or vertical line drawn across a time series indicates substantial
breaks in the homogeneity of a series
Finland in Figures as online service:
stat.fi/finlandinfigures
finland_in_figures_2016.indd 1
23.5.2016 13:58:05
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery
2
Farms
Farms
No
Average arable
land area
ha
69 517
69 071
66 938
65 802
64 175
1) 59 483
58 283
55 816
54 398
52 775
50 999
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Organic farms
% of
all farms
No
33.0
33.3
34.4
35.0
35.9
39.0
40.0
41.0
41.5
43.0
45.0
4 296
3 966
3 896
3 811
3 967
3 939
4 036
4 260
4 215
4 180
4 251
Average arable
land area of an
organic farm
ha
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.9
6.1
6.6
7.2
7.4
7.9
8.3
34.4
36.5
38.2
39.4
41.2
43.4
45.8
46.4
48.9
50.9
52.8
1) From 2010, agricultural and horticultural enterprises
Production sectors of farms, 2015
Crop production
Milk production
Other cattle farming
Pig and poultry farming
Other production
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Livestock
Cattle
Pigs
Poultry 1)
Sheep
Horses
Reindeer
2010
1 000
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
926
1 367
4 232
126
74
194
914
1 335
4 050
129
76
196
913
1 290
3 916
130
75
192
912
1 308
4 290
136
75
192
914
1 245
4 359
138
75
187
915
1 235
4 163
155
..
191
1) Egg-laying hens and chickens
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Agri2
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Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery
3
Self-sufficiency in foodstuffs
Production as % of consumption
Product group
Cereals
Dairy products, fluids
Dairy products, fats
Beef
Pork
Poultry meat
Eggs
Sugar
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
97
100
70
83
109
99
117
46
123
129
75
83
103
103
116
57
114
121
65
79
99
106
111
36
115
128
26
81
100
105
115
39
154
165
80
81
99
103
113
49
115
116
107
82
100
99
114
33
Forest statistics
Forestry land (incl. protected areas) in 2009–2013 totalled 26.2 mil. ha,
of which 53% was owned privately, 35% by the state, 7% by companies
and 5% by others.
The volume of growing stock was 2 356 mil. m3, of which 50% was pine,
30% spruce and 20% non-coniferous.
Industrial roundwood removals
70
Increment and drain of
the growing stock
Mil. m3
Period
60
Increment
Total
Drain
Mil. m3 per year
50
40
Pulpwood
30
20
1970–74
1975–79
1980–84
1985–89
1990–94
1995–99
2000–04
2005–09
2010–14
Logs
10
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015*
58
67
73
78
82
87
96
103
105
55
46
53
55
53
65
69
67
76
m3 = cubic metre, solid volume over bark
Catches of fish and production of fish farming
2010
1 000 kg
Commercial fishery
Recreational fishery
Food fish production 3)
Total
126 633
29 201
11 772
167 606
2011
2012
124 240 137 692
29 201 24 505
11 275 12 659
164 716 174 856
1)
2013
2014
143 160
24 505
13 613
181 278
154 254
28 555
13 322
196 131
2)
1) 2010 – 2) 2012 – 3) Ungutted fish
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Agri3
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4
Construction
Construction
Unit
2013
2014
2015
Completed buildings
All buildings
Residential
Commercial and office buildings
Industrial buildings and warehouses
Other
mil. m3
mil. m3
mil. m3
mil. m3
mil. m3
33.95
12.08
4.57
7.48
9.82
33.47
11.59
4.79
6.87
10.22
29.94
10.77
4.70
6.50
7.97
Completed dwellings
All dwellings
Detached houses
Attached houses
Blocks of flats
Other than residential buildings
number
number
number
number
number
29 663 29 246 28 672
9 712 8 337 7 725
3 737 3 510 3 508
15 356 17 125 17 221
858
274
218
Volume index of newbuilding
140
2010 = 100
120
100
80
Other than residential buildings
All buildings
Residential buildings
60
40
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
Turnover of construction, year-on-year change
45
%
30
15
0
-15
Civil engineering
Construction of buildings
Construction
-30
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015*
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Const4
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Culture and the Media
Public
5
libraries 1)
Unit
Libraries
Collections
Loans
Borrowers
Library visits
number
1 000
1 000
1 000
1 000
2012
2013
2014
2015
828
38 764
94 908
2 070
52 838
815
38 144
92 776
2 041
51 293
790
37 427
90 870
2 031
50 379
765
36 500
89 219
1 994
49 357
1) Excl. Åland
Books published in Finland
Total of books published
Books in national languages
Non-fiction
Fiction
2011
2012
2013
2014
11 404
11 513
10 401
10 352
5 242
1 782
5 229
1 830
5 107
1 813
4 637
1 753
2011
2012
2013
2014
48
140
188
2 745
2 933
47
136
183
2 547
2 814
46
137
183
2 382
2 641
46
136
182
2 246
2 471
Newspapers and periodicals
Newspapers
Dailies (7 – 4 times a week)
Non-dailies (3 –1 times a week)
Total
Circulation, 1 000
Periodicals 1)
1) Issued at least 4 times a year
Largest newspapers
2012
Circulation
Helsingin Sanomat, Helsinki
Ilta-Sanomat, Helsinki
Aamulehti, Tampere
Turun Sanomat, Turku
Iltalehti, Helsinki
Kaleva, Oulu
Keskisuomalainen, Jyväskylä
Savon Sanomat, Kuopio
Kauppalehti, Helsinki
In Swedish:
Hufvudstadsbladet, Helsinki
2013
2014
2015
337 962
132 253
121 135
99 220
91 219
72 107
65 327
59 289
63 471
313 062
118 358
113 066
94 185
77 345
69 540
61 163
57 235
57 367
285 223
110 226
106 842
88 992
71 195
65 572
57 260
52 934
50 747
267 094
..
100 231
84 462
..
60 008
52 672
50 099
47 732
43 101
39 662
36 719
30 735
Cinemas
Cinema halls
Seats, 1 000
Premieres
Visits per inhabitant
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Culture5
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
283
50
191
1.3
284
49
176
1.5
282
49
200
1.4
294
51
197
1.3
311
48
202
1.6
23.5.2016 13:58:05
6
Education
Population with educational qualification 1), 2014
Age
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
65–69
70–
Total
0%
Males
Females
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1) Population by age group with a qualification from upper secondary schools,
vocational schools and colleges, polytechnics or universities
Students and qualifications attained
2012
2013
2014
Students 1)
Basic comprehensive school education,
compulsory education school
539 545
540 477
542 932
Basic education of adults
2 530
2 440
2 112
Upper secondary general education
107 412
105 898
103 914
Vocational and professional education
276 471 I 313 972
321 736
Polytechnic education
139 876
138 880
138 719
University education
169 041
167 179
163 759
Total
1 234 875 I 1 268 846 1 273 172
Qualifications attained
Leaving certificates from comprehensive school
compulsory education
61 170
59 886
58 009
adult education
408
478
537
Upper secondary general school
qualifications
32 002
32 125
32 064
Vocational and professional
qualifications
70 803
69 206
71 987
Polytechnic degrees 2)
23 914
24 833
25 002
University degrees
29 357
30 322
31 164
Total
217 654
216 850
218 763
1) Students in education leading to qualifications
2) Incl. second-cycle polytechnic degrees
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Educa6
23.5.2016 13:58:05
Elections
7
Parliamentary elections 2015
Party
Votes
%
Change
from 2011
% points
Seats
2015
2011
KESK
626 218
21.1
5.3
49
35
KOK
540 212
18.2
-2.2
37
44
PS
524 054
17.7
-1.4
38
39
SDP
490 102
16.5
-2.6
34
42
Green League
253 102
8.5
1.3
15
10
LEFT
211 702
7.1
-1.0
12
14
RKP
144 802
4.9
0.6
9
9
KD
105 134
3.5
-0.5
5
6
Other parties
56 402
1.9
0.3
Others
16 731
0.6
0.2
1
1
Total
2 968 459
100
200
200
Females
1 264 405
42.6
0.8
83
85
Voting turnout 1) 70.1% (66.9% incl. Finns resident abroad)
Explanations: KESK = Centre Party of Finland, KOK = National
Coalition Party, PS = The Finns Party, SDP = The Finnish Social
Democratic Party, LEFT = The Left Alliance, RKP = Swedish People’s
Party in Finland, KD = Christian Democrats in Finland
1) Finnish citizens resident in Finland
Voting turnout 1) in parliamentary elections, 1908–2015
100
80
% of persons entitled to vote
Males
60
40
Females
20
0
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
1) Finnish citizens resident in Finland
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Elect7
23.5.2016 13:58:05
8
Elections
Municipal elections 2012
Party
Votes
KOK
545 890
SDP
487 924
KESK
465 167
PS
307 798
Green League
213 100
LEFT
199 615
Voting turnout 58.3%
See page 7 for explanations.
%
Party
21.9
19.6
18.7
12.3
8.5
8.0
RKP
KD
Other parties
Others
Total
Votes
%
117 865
93 257
21 550
41 358
2 493 524
4.7
3.7
0.9
1.7
100
Presidential election 2012
1st round on 22 Jan. 2012
Candidate
Votes
2nd round on 5 Feb. 2012
% Candidate
Sauli Niinistö
1 131 254 37.0
Pekka Haavisto
574 275 18.8
Paavo Väyrynen
536 555 17.5
Timo Soini
287 571
9.4
Paavo Lipponen
205 111
6.7
Paavo Arhinmäki
167 663
5.5
Eva Biaudet
82 598
2.7
Sari Essayah
75 744
2.5
Total
3 060 771
100
Voting turnout 1) 72.8%,
(69.7% incl. Finns resident abroad)
Sauli Niinistö
Pekka Haavisto
Total
Votes
%
1 802 328
1 077 425
2 879 753
62.6
37.4
100
Voting turnout 1) 68.9%,
(66.0% incl. Finns resident abroad)
Sauli Niinistö was elected President of the Republic in the second round
of the elections.
1) Finnish citizens resident in Finland
European Parliament elections 2014
Party
Votes
%
Change in votes
cast 2014–2009
% points
KOK
390 376
22.6
-0.6
KESK
339 895
19.7
0.6
PS
222 457
12.9
3.1
SDP
212 781
12.3
-5.2
Green League
161 263
9.3
-3.1
LEFT
161 074
9.3
3.4
RKP
116 747
6.8
0.7
KD
90 586
5.2
1.1
Others
33 115
1.9
0.1
Total
1 728 294
100
Females
840 903
48.7
2.2
Voting turnout 41.0% (Finnish citizens resident in Finland)
See page 7 for explanations.
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Elect8
Number of
Euro-MPs
elected
3
3
2
2
1
1
1
13
7
23.5.2016 13:58:05
Energy
9
Total energy consumption
2014
*2015
Petajoule (PJ)
Wood fuels
339
Oil
310
Nuclear energy
247
Coal
126
Natural gas
95
Hydro power
48
Net imports of electricity
65
Peat
59
Wind power
4
Other energy sources
53
Total
1 346
Renewable energy sources 1), % 33.1
333
311
244
104
80
60
59
53
8
50
1 301
34.8
%
25.6
23.9
18.7
8.0
6.1
4.6
4.5
4.1
0.6
3.8
100
Annual change, %
2014
*2015
0.2
-2.4
-0.1
-16.6
-10.8
4.5
14.3
5.5
43.1
5.8
-1.9
-1.8
0.4
-1.4
-17.7
-16.4
25.3
-9.1
-11.0
110.8
-5.4
-3.3
1) Includes, inter alia, wood fuels, hydro and wind power, the biodegradable
proportion of recycled fuels
Supply and total consumption of electricity
Hydro power
Wind power
Nuclear power
Conventional condensing power
Combined heat and power,
industry
Combined heat and power,
district heat
Total production
Net imports
Total consumption
2014
GWh
*2015
GWh
13 240
1 107
22 646
6 310
16 586 20.1
2 334 2.8
22 323 27.1
4 338 5.3
4.5
43.0
-0.1
-29.0
25.3
110.8
-1.4
-31.3
9 495
8 800 10.7
4.7
-7.3
12 635
65 433
17 966
83 400
11 784 14.3
66 165 80.2
16 337 19.8
82 502 100
-11.4
-4.2
14.3
-0.8
-6.7
1.1
-9.1
-1.1
%
Annual change, %
2014
*2015
Electricity consumption by sector
100
%
Transmission and distribution losses
Services and public consumption
80
Households and agriculture
60
40
Industry and construction
20
0
2001
2003
2005
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Energy9
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015*
23.5.2016 13:58:05
10
Enterprises
Enterprises, 2014
Industry (TOL 2008)
Enterprises
%
Agriculture, forestry and
fishing
80 629
Manufacturing
21 042
Construction
41 827
Wholesale and retail trade,
repair of motor vehicles and
motorcycle
44 342
Transportation and storage
21 580
Accommdation and food
service activities
11 687
Information and
communication
9 718
Financial and insurance act.
7 267
Real estate activities
24 871
Professional, scientific and
technical activities
35 333
Administrative and support
service activities
13 970
Human health and social
work activities
18 653
Other industries
32 668
All industries
363 587
Size of personnel
0– 9
10 – 49
50 – 249
250 – 499
500 –
Personnel Turnover
1 000 % € million
%
22.2
5.8
11.5
57 4.0
2 167 0.6
303 21.1 130 284 33.8
154 10.7 28 998 7.5
12.2
5.9
246 17.2 116 846 30.3
125 8.7 23 109 6.0
3.2
58
4.0
6 049
1.6
2.7
2.0
6.8
78
42
19
5.5
2.9
1.3
17 862
8 005
4.6
2.1
9.7
98
6.9
13 254
3.4
3.8
118
8.2
10 076
2.6
5.1
64
9.0
72
100 1 434
344 471 94.7
15 979 4.4
2 554 0.7
305 0.1
278 0.0
394
308
249
105
378
4.5
5 582 1.4
5.0 23 665 6.1
100 385 897 100
27.4 63 799
21.5 69 371
17.4 85 808
7.3 30 631
26.4 136 287
16.5
18.0
22.2
7.9
35.3
Enterprise openings and closures, 2014
Industry (TOL 2008)
Wholesale and retail trade,
repair of motor vehicles
and motorcycles
Professional, scientific and
technical activities
Construction
Manufacturing
Real estate activities
Transportation and storage
Other industries
All industries
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Enter10
Enterprise openings Enterprise closures
% of stock of
% of stock of
enterprises
enterprises
4 602
7.8
5 810
9.8
4 561
3 640
1 396
1 333
951
12 323
28 806
8.8
7.1
5.3
5.3
4.0
10.4
8.1
4 845
4 700
1 838
1 123
1 528
11 005
30 849
9.3
9.1
6.9
4.5
6.5
9.3
8.7
23.5.2016 13:58:05
Environment and Natural Resources
11
Geographical data
Area, km2, 1.1.2016
Area, total
Land area
Fresh water
Sea water
Boundaries, km
Sweden
Norway
Russia
Limit of territorial waters
Total
Greatest length, km
Hanko – Utsjoki
Greatest width, km
Närpiö – Ilomantsi
Highest point, m
Halti
1 324
Longest river, km
Kemijoki
500
Largest lakes, km2
Saimaa
1 393
614
Päijänne
1 082
736
Inarijärvi
1 082
1 340
Oulujärvi
912
1 250
Pielinen
895
2
3 940
Largest islands, km
a) Sea
1 157
Mainland Åland
689
Kemiönsaari
545
542
b) Inland waters
Soisalo
1 540
Lakes with an area of 500 m2 or more total about 168 000, of which
around 57 000 with an area of over one hectare. Islands with an area of
100 m2 or more total about 187 000.
390 905
303 900
34 544
52 461
Protected and wilderness areas on 1 January 2016
Protected areas
National parks
Strict nature reserves
Mire reserves
Herb-rich forest reserves
Old-growth forest reserves
Other state-owned protected areas
Protected areas on private land
Protected areas on Åland
Number
Area, ha
Water, %
10 864
39
19
170
47
90
201
10 244
54
2 099 040
989 242
153 495
463 321
1 133
9 829
127 062
319 376
35 582
20.5
18.0
1.9
2.6
1.0
2.9
30.0
53.5
92.6
Wilderness reserves
12 1 489 114
7.5
In addition, the Act on the Protection of Rapids protects a total of 53
individual rapids, river portions or catchment areas against power station
construction. Corresponding acts have been passed on the protection of
the Ounasjoki and Kyrönjoki rivers.
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Environ11
23.5.2016 13:58:06
12
Environment and Natural Resources
Mean daily temperature (centigrade)
Helsinki
1981–2010
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
-3.9
-4.7
-1.3
3.9
10.2
14.6
17.8
16.3
11.5
6.6
1.6
-2.0
Sodankylä (Lapland)
1981–2010
2015
2015
-0.9
0.9
2.4
5.3
9.3
13.3
16.4
17.5
13.7
6.4
5.6
3.3
-13.5
-12.7
-7.5
-1.3
5.3
11.6
14.5
11.7
6.2
0.1
-7.1
-11.7
-14.1
-6.5
-2.3
0.9
6.3
10.2
12.0
13.5
9.5
0.6
-2.5
-8.9
°F = 9/5°C + 32
Air emissions
Unit
Greenhouse gas
emissions, CO2 eq.
Carbon dioxide 1)
Sulphur (as SO2)
Nitrogen oxides
mil. tons
mil. tons
1 000 t
1 000 t
1990
2000
2010
2013
2014
71.3
52.6
250
299
70.0
52.8
81
228
75.9
59.0
67
177
63.3
47.4
48
149
59.1
43.4
44
140
1) Emissions from combustion of fossil fuels and peat
Greenhouse gas emissions and removals
100
1 000 000 t CO 2 equivalent
80
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
Emissions
Removals 1)
-60
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
1) LULUCF (land use, land use change and forestry)
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Environ12
23.5.2016 13:58:06
Financing and Insurance
Stock of deposits and
institutions
loans 1)
13
by monetary financial
End of year
€ million
2014
*2015
Interest rate, %
2014 *2015
144 802 148 085
30 205 34 873
80 812 81 624
214 426 216 571
68 373 72 502
118 807 121 982
89 762 91 955
29 045 30 027
Public’s deposits from the euro area
Non-financial corporations 2)
Households 3)
Loans to the public in the euro area
Non-financial corporations 2)
Households 3)
Housing loans
Consumer credit and other loans
0.33
0.16
0.37
1.75
1.84
1.89
1.44
3.29
0.24
0.08
0.30
1.61
1.63
1.73
1.24
3.22
1) Euro-denominated – 2) Incl. housing corporations – 3) Incl. non-profit
institutions serving households
Households’ withdrawals of new housing loans 1)
30 000
€ million
%
12
New housing loans, €
25 000
Average interest rate, % 10
20 000
8
15 000
6
10 000
4
5 000
2
0
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
1) Euro-denominated new loans by monetary financial institutions to
households in the euro area
Financial assets of households
350
300
250
€ billion
Other
Unquoted shares and
other equity
Mutual fund shares
Quoted shares
Insurance technical reserves
Deposits
200
150
100
50
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Finan13
23.5.2016 13:58:06
Financing and Insurance
14
Market rates of interest, %
Euribor rates
1 month
3 months
12 months
Yields on government bonds
5 years
10 years
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
0.570
0.813
1.352
1.178
1.393
2.009
0.325
0.571
1.108
0.130
0.221
0.536
0.131 -0.072
0.209 -0.020
0.475 0.167
1.78
3.00
2.08
3.00
0.87
1.89
0.81
1.86
0.51
1.44
0.10
0.73
Domestic credit institutions’ profit for the financial year
3 500
€ million
Other domestic credit institutions
Savings banks
Co-operative banks
Commercial banks
3 000
2 500
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
OMX share indices (28.12.1990 = 1 000)
12
1 000
OMX Helsinki
9
6
3
OMX Helsinki Cap
0
2001
2003
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Finan14
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
23.5.2016 13:58:06
Government Finance
15
Central government budget
Revenue
Taxes and other levies
On income and property
On turnover
Excise duties
Other taxes
Other levies
Miscellaneous revenues
Interest income, income from sale
of shares and profits entered as
income
Loans, net
Total
Expenditure
Parliament
President of the Republic
Prime Minister’s Office
Ministries:
Foreign Affairs
Justice
Interior
Defence
Finance
Education and Culture
Agriculture and Forestry
Transport and Communications
Employment and the Economy
Social Affairs and Health
Environment
Interest on central government debt
Total
Balance Budget 1) Budget Change
sheet
proposal
2014
2015
2016
2015–2016
€ million € million € million € million %
39 270
12 328
17 459
6 563
2 760
160
5 180
39 911
11 993
17 850
7 107
2 853
109
6 050
40 782
12 895
17 813
7 059
2 902
113
5 344
870 2
902 8
-37 -0
-48 -1
49 2
4 4
-706 -12
2 597
6 177
53 225
2 768
5 135
53 864
2 451
5 514
54 090
-317 -11
378 7
226 0
153
34
111
164
19
186
173
13
208
8 5
-6 -30
21 11
1 378
911
1 289
2 671
17 024
6 593
2 645
3 087
3 446
12 895
283
1 713
54 234
1 212
900
1 226
2 659
16 956
6 773
2 662
2 898
3 521
12 719
204
1 766
53 864
1 048
906
1 331
2 886
17 527
6 770
2 567
2 932
2 874
13 083
199
1 573
54 090
-163 -13
6 1
105 9
227 9
572 3
-2 -0
-95 -4
35 1
-648 -18
364 3
-5 -3
-193 -11
226 0
1) Excl. supplementary budget
60
€ billion
Central government expenditure
excl. debt servicing
55
50
45
40
Central government revenue
excl. net borrowing
35
30
2001
2003
2005
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Govern15
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
23.5.2016 13:58:06
Government Finance
16
General government deficit and debt
80
% of GDP
60
Debt (EDP)
40
20
0
Deficit (EDP)
-20
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015*
Taxes
All taxes
State taxes
Income taxes 1)
Value added tax
Municipal taxes
Social security funds
European Union
Taxes, € million
2013
*2014
*2015
88 688
42 179
11 453
18 888
20 726
25 616
167
92 144
43 419
12 127
19 019
21 864
26 695
166
90 021
42 680
11 828
18 948
21 174
25 996
171
Tax rate, % of GDP
2013 *2014 *2015
43.6
20.7
5.6
9.3
10.2
12.6
0.1
43.9
20.8
5.8
9.2
10.3
12.7
0.1
44.5
21.0
5.9
9.2
10.6
12.9
0.0
1) Incl. duty on interests and church tax of corporations
Public development cooperation
Net disbursements, € million
Bilateral
Multilateral
cooperation
cooperation
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015*
480.1
377.3
426.6
480.6
568.1
633.5
615.7
619.2
618.0
706.7
509.0
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Govern16
245.6
283.9
290.2
327.6
358.4
372.9
395.5
406.0
463.1
525.3
417.3
Total
% of GNI
725.7
661.3
716.9
808.2
926.5
1 006.4
1 011.2
1 025.2
1 081.1
1 232.0
926.3
0.44
0.38
0.38
0.42
0.51
0.53
0.51
0.51
0.53
*0.59
0.44
23.5.2016 13:58:06
Health
17
Health and medical care
Physicians
Persons per physician
Dentists
Nurses
Practical nurses for social
and health care
Head dispensers
Pharmacists
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
20 734
260
4 878
71 170
21 106
257
4 983
72 483
21 404
254
5 069
73 664
21 714
252
4 976
74 793
21 980
249
5 000
77 459
93 946 101 384 108 663 116 815 124 257
2 532
2 593
2 647
2 707
2 747
6 684
6 811
6 908
7 012
7 511
Causes of death, 2014
Cause of death
Deaths
total
Diseases of the circulatory system
Neoplasms
Dementia, Alzheimer’s disease
Accidents (excl. accidental
poisoning by alcohol)
Alcohol related diseases and
accid. poisoning by alcohol
Diseases of the respiratory system
Diseases of the digestive system
Suicides
Other causes of death
Deaths total
% Males
% Females
%
19 555
12 270
8 116
37
23
15
9 421
6 476
2 499
36
25
10
10 134
5 794
5 617
38
22
21
2 226
4
1 379
5
847
3
1 841
4 1 430 6
1 837
4 1 149 4
1 253
2
582 2
789
2
599 2
4 522
9 2 329 9
52 409 100 25 864 100
411 2
688 3
671 3
190 1
2 193 8
26 545 100
Health care expenditure
20
€ billion (at 2014 prices)
15
10
5
0
2000
2002
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Health17
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014*
23.5.2016 13:58:06
18
Housing
Buildings and free-time residences
Residential buildings
Detached houses
Attached houses
Blocks of flats
Other buildings
Free-time residences
Saunas 1)
1990
1 000
2000
2010
2013
2014
1 005
908
53
45
158
368
932
1 111
993
66
52
189
451
1 212
1 235
1 102
76
57
211
489
1 502
1 266
1 128
79
58
218
499
1 581
1 278
1 139
79
59
220
500
1 591
1) Only saunas in flats. The total number of saunas was estimated to be over
2 000 000 at the end of 2014.
Household-dwelling units by type and size, 2014 1)
Size of householddwelling unit
All
Detached Attached
buildings houses
houses
1 person
2 persons
3 persons
4 persons
5 persons
6+ persons
Total
1 098 023
869 454
286 621
235 790
88 521
39 371
2 617 780
230 981
407 311
157 381
158 058
66 172
30 520
1 050 423
Blocks
of flats
Other or
unknown
156 366
683 316
117 561
332 303
42 602
82 998
32 012
43 532
8 739
12 736
2 616
5 562
359 896 1 160 447
27 360
12 279
3 640
2 188
874
673
47 014
1) A household-dwelling unit consists of all persons occupying the same
dwelling on a permanent basis
Dwelling units by tenure status of dwelling, %
Owner-occupied dwelling
Rented dwelling 1)
Right of occupancy dwelling
Other form of tenure or unknown
1990
2000
2010
2013
66.8
24.7
..
8.4
58.1
30.8
1.0
10.1
59.2
29.3
1.3
10.3
58.4
28.9
1.4
11.4
2014
2)
58.2
31.0
1.4
9.4
1) Includes also official residences and employer-provided dwellings
2) From 2014 onwards also including empty dwellings in buildings inferred as
rental buildings
Dwelling units
Dwelling units, 1 000
Floor area per dwelling, m2
Floor area per person, m2
Persons per room
Overcrowding 1), % of dwelling
population
1990
2000
2010
2013
2014
2 210
74
31.4
0.7
2 512
77
35.3
0.6
2 808
80
39.1
0.5
2 906
80
39.8
0.5
2 918
80
39.9
0.5
30.4
23.7
17.9
17.5
17.5
1) More than one person per room, excl. kitchen
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Asu1:18
23.5.2016 13:58:06
Housing
Prices of dwellings
19
1)
Old blocks of flats
New blocks of flats
Helsinki region Rest of Finland Helsinki region Rest of Finland
Average unencumbered prices per m2, €
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
3 262
3 402
3 511
3 650
3 684
3 721
1 592
1 616
1 644
1 673
1 689
1 692
4 346
4 554
5 003
4 974
5 102
5 122
2 853
2 960
3 140
3 215
3 373
3 403
1) Data on old dwellings based on the Tax Administration’s data, data on new
dwellings based on the largest real estate agents and building contractors
Dwellings in old blocks of flats: real price indices
220
1983 = 100
Helsinki region
180
Rest of Finland
140
100
60
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
2010
2013 2015
Prices of real estate
Detached houses
Average price Real price index
2005 = 100
€/m2
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
1 474
1 508
1 526
1 519
1 505
1 554
Plots for detached houses
Average price Real price index
€/m2
2005 = 100
111.1
110.3
107.1
103.9
101.1
101.6
16.7
18.0
19.6
21.5
23.3
23.2
128.3
120.4
120.8
122.6
126.3
117.1
Average rents of rented dwellings, €/m2/month
Government-subsidised dwellings
Non-subsidised dwellings
All rented dwellings
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Asu1:19
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
9.90
11.54
10.79
10.25
11.98
11.19
10.64
12.43
11.61
10.96
12.84
11.98
11.21
13.30
12.34
23.5.2016 13:58:06
20
Income and Consumption
Income recipients 1) by income bracket, 2014
Income bracket, €
Income recipients
Males Females Total
1 000
1 000
%
Income Taxes
%
%
Taxes
as % of
income
– 4 999
217
217
9.4
0.6
0.1
3.2
5 000 – 9 999
204
254
9.9
2.8
0.9
7.2
10 000 –14 999
221
363
12.6
5.6
2.1
8.6
15 000 –19 999
209
310
11.2
6.9
4.2
13.9
20 000 –24 999
200
265
10.0
8.0
6.0
17.0
25 000 –29 999
202
265
10.1
9.8
7.9
18.2
30 000 –39 999
375
378
16.2
19.8
18.3
20.9
40 000 –49 999
244
164
8.8
13.8
14.9
24.4
50 000 –59 999
142
73
4.6
8.9
10.7
27.2
60 000 –79 999
130
54
4.0
9.5
12.6
29.9
80 000 –99 999
49
18
1.4
4.5
6.5
32.8
100 000 –
57
17
1.6
9.8
15.9
36.7
Total
2 248
2 380
100
100
100
22.7
The average income in 2014 was €28 400 per income recipient, €32 737
for males and €24 302 for females.
1) Natural persons
Income of households and low income earning
Disposable cash income
(in 2014 money)
Mean
Median Low income limit
€/household
€/consumption unit 1)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
30 610
31 856
32 460
33 481
35 100
35 712
36 154
37 247
37 387
38 020
38 440
38 520
38 459
38 093
37 778
25 546
26 504
27 555
28 129
28 672
30 177
30 331
30 658
30 964
31 920
31 879
32 166
32 135
31 855
31 764
11 160
11 530
11 850
12 130
12 680
13 160
13 260
13 700
13 910
14 170
14 320
14 380
14 350
14 410
14 300
Persons
in low income
households
1 000
Low income
earners of
population
%
534
596
582
573
612
656
679
721
728
697
728
704
635
690
674
10.5
11.6
11.3
11.1
11.9
12.7
13.1
13.8
13.9
13.2
13.7
13.2
11.9
12.8
12.5
1) Consumption units were calculated by giving the members of a household
the following weights: the first adult 1, other persons aged 14 or over 0.5
and 0 to 13-year-old children 0.3
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Julki1:20
23.5.2016 13:58:06
Income and Consumption
21
Household expenditure
1980 1990
%
Housing and energy
Food and non-alcoholic beverages
Transport
Recreation and culture
Hotels, cafés and restaurants
Furnishings, household equipment and
routine maintenance of the house
Alcoholic beverages and tobacco
Health
Clothing and footwear
Communications
Education
Miscellaneous goods and services
Total consumption expenditure
2000
2010 *2014
18.6
21.3
14.4
10.2
6.4
18.2
16.3
14.5
11.2
7.7
24.6
12.6
13.3
11.3
6.4
26.2
12.1
12.3
11.8
6.3
27.6
12.7
12.0
10.8
6.2
6.1
6.3
2.1
6.1
1.1
0.2
7.2
100
5.4
6.6
2.9
5.6
1.4
0.3
9.8
100
4.9
5.8
3.8
4.6
3.1
0.5
9.2
100
5.3
5.0
4.4
4.7
2.5
0.4
8.9
100
5.0
4.7
4.4
4.3
2.3
0.4
9.6
100
Consumption of selected commodities per person
Milk products
Butter
Margarine
Vegetable oils
Cheese
Eggs
Wheat
Rye
Rice
Potatoes
Fresh vegetables
Fresh fruit
Meat
Fish
Coffee 1)
Sugar
Tobacco
Soft drinks and mineral
water
Beer
Wine
Alcoholic beverages,
100 %
Unit
1980
1990
2000
2010
*2014
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
263.0
11.7
7.9
..
6.6
11.7
44.7
20.8
3.6
59.8
21.1
49.8
58.9
..
10.3
36.8
1.2
222.9
5.5
7.6
3.3
12.7
11.1
43.5
17.4
4.6
60.3
41.5
51.0
64.1
18.9
10.2
34.7
1.0
193.9
3.8
7.7
4.9
16.5
10.1
45.9
15.3
5.6
61.6
52.8
45.2
68.3
13.2
8.7
32.0
0.6
183.3
3.3
..
5.2
19.0
9.8
46.4
16.1
5.2
..
56.1
47.0
75.3
15.2
8.3
31.8
2) 0.6
178.4
3.9
..
..
24.9
10.8
46.0
14.9
4.9
..
65.3
54.2
76.4
..
7.8
29.5
2) 3) 0.6
l
l
l
..
57.3
..
..
83.3
..
67.6
78.4
..
61.3
82.8
12.2
57.3
77.7
11.8
l
6.3
7.7
7.0
8.1
3) 7.3
1) Sales of roasted coffee – 2) Incl. untaxable consumption – 3) Final data
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Julki1:21
23.5.2016 13:58:07
22
Justice
Criminality 1)
2012
2013
2014
2015
425 421 424 786 417 898 413 233
89
95
101
96
All offences 2)
Manslaughter, murder, killing
Attempted manslaughter,
murder or killing
Assault
Sexual exploitation of a child
Rape
Theft
Robbery
Damage to property
Fraud, embezzlement
Drunken driving
Offences involving narcotics
Alcohol-related offences
and infractions
Endangering of traffic safety,
traffic infraction
350
264
327
299
38 231 35 515 32 928 33 874
1 567
1 657
1 416
1 230
1 009
975
1 009
1 052
138 750 141 395 143 141 138 295
1 616
1 524
1 689
1 550
44 417 43 375 42 516 37 619
24 218 26 409 26 590 29 003
19 134 17 994 17 608 17 638
20 102 22 656 21 781 23 400
4 601
4 474
3 686
3 195
435 271 444 616 410 398 405 779
1) Offences recorded by the police, the Finnish Customs and the Finnish
Border Guard
2) Excl. endangering of traffic safety, traffic infraction
Bankruptcy petitions
50 000
Personnel
Bankruptcies
40 000
30 000
20 000
10 000
0
1991
1994
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Justice22
1997
2000
2003
2006
2009
2012
2015*
23.5.2016 13:58:07
Labour Market
23
Population by activity
2000
2010
1 000 persons
2014
2015
Mean population
5 176
5 363
5 462 5 480
Population aged 15–74
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Inactive population
Labour force rate, %
Unemployment rate, %
3 901
2 589
2 335
253
1 312
66.4
9.8
4 043
2 672
2 447
224
1 372
66.1
8.4
4 095
2 679
2 447
232
1 416
65.4
8.7
4 102
2 689
2 437
252
1 413
65.6
9.4
68.3
68.1
66.9
67.8
Employed
2 335
2 447
2 447 2 437
Employer
Private
Local government
Central government
Unknown
1 692
486
151
6
1 774
510
153
10
1 764 1 759
534
532
139
136
10
9
Status in employment
Self-employed persons and unpaid family
workers
Employees
319
2 016
328
2 120
343
346
2 105 2 090
146
115
109
109
473
147
388
172
359
169
352
168
277
152
77
89
70
298
156
83
95
71
290
140
86
100
74
284
137
87
106
73
184
250
269
278
115
165
326
117
174
379
106
180
402
106
179
404
109
6
139
12
151
11
145
9
4 019
3 998
Employment rate (persons aged 15–64), %
Industry (TOL 2008)
Agriculture, forestry and fishing; mining and
quarrying
Manufacturing; electricity, gas, steam
and air conditioning and water supply;
sewerage and waste management
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor
vehicles and motorcycles
Transportation and storage
Accommodation and food service activities
Information and communication
Financial, insurance and real estate activities
Professional, scientific and technical
activities; administrative and support
service activities
Public administration and defence;
compulsory social security
Education
Human health and social work activities
Arts, entertainment and recreation; other
service activities
Industry unknown
Hours worked, million hours
3 956 3 947
23
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Labour23
23.5.2016 13:58:07
Labour Market
24
Employees by type of employment relationship
All employment relationships
Employees,
Permanent
Permanent
total
full-time work part-time work
1 000 persons
2 178
2 207
2 123
2 120
2 143
2 146
2 127
2 105
2 090
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
1 625
1 678
1 610
1 581
1 585
1 588
1 580
1 558
1 549
Fixed-term
work
205
196
201
209
222
222
217
218
219
348
333
311
330
336
336
330
329
322
Unemployment
500
1 000 persons
400
Total
300
Males
200
100
0
1991
Females
1994
1997
2000
2003
Unemployment rate, %
Total
Males
Females
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
9.8
9.1
9.1
9.0
8.8
8.4
7.7
6.9
6.4
8.2
8.4
7.8
7.7
8.2
8.7
9.4
9.1
8.6
9.1
9.2
8.7
8.2
7.4
6.5
6.1
8.9
9.1
8.4
8.3
8.8
9.3
9.9
10.6
9.7
9.1
8.9
8.9
8.6
8.1
7.2
6.7
7.6
7.6
7.1
7.1
7.5
8.0
8.8
2006
2009
15–24 years
of age
21.4
19.8
21.0
21.8
20.7
20.1
18.7
16.5
16.5
21.5
21.4
20.1
19.0
19.9
20.5
22.4
2012
2015
Long-term
unemployed 1)
% of unemployed
27.2
24.0
23.1
23.4
22.3
23.5
23.7
22.7
18.0
16.5
23.4
22.4
21.5
21.0
22.8
24.9
1) Unemployed continuously for 12 months or longer
24
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Kansa1:24
23.5.2016 13:58:07
Manufacturing
25
Industrial statistics, 2014
Branch of industry (TOL 2008)
Establish- Person- Value added
ments
nel
in production
1 000
€ million %
Total industry
27 718
Mining and quarrying
1 064
Manufacturing
23 612
Food products
1 904
Beverages
143
Textiles
763
Wearing apparel
983
Leather and related products
193
Wood and of products of wood and cork
2 156
Paper and paper products
276
Printing and reproduction of recorded media 1 110
Coke and refined petroleum products
35
Chemicals and chemical products
407
Basic pharmaceutical products and
45
pharmaceutical preparations
Rubber and plastic products
645
Other non-metallic mineral products
1 037
Basic metals
197
Fabricated metal products, except
4 916
machinery and equipment
Computer, electronic and optical products
643
Electrical equipment
507
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.
1 631
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers
268
Other transport equipment
387
Furniture
990
Other manufacturing
1 336
Repair and installation of machinery and
3 040
equipment
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning
supply
1 214
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activites
1 828
327
6
300
31
3
3
2
1
19
19
8
3
12
29 448 100
374 1.3
24 596 83.5
2 147 7.3
329 1.1
164 0.6
127 0.4
110 0.4
1 253 4.3
2 575 8.7
499 1.7
138 0.5
1 663 5.6
4
12
13
13
1 075
934
918
1 439
38
23
16
42
6
7
6
4
2 272 7.7
1 684 5.7
1 365 4.6
3 362 11.4
399 1.4
400 1.4
285 1.0
242 0.8
18
1 217
12
3 443 11.7
9
1 036
3.6
3.2
3.1
4.9
4.1
3.5
Volume index of industrial output (2010 = 100)
Branch of industry (TOL 2008)
2011
2012
2013
2014
*2015
Total industry
Forest industry
Chemical industry
Metal industry
Electronics and electrical industry
101.7 99.6
97.0 94.6
105.9 106.2
104.4 102.3
97.8 90.4
96.5
94.5
105.8
96.3
80.3
94.7
93.1
107.2
95.0
76.3
93.9
92.7
108.4
93.6
72.1
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Manuf25
23.5.2016 13:58:07
26
National Accounts
Gross domestic product at market prices
At current prices
At 2010 prices
€ billion
€/inhabitant
€ billion
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014*
2015*
164.4
172.6
186.6
193.7
181.0
187.1
196.9
199.8
203.3
205.3
207.2
31 335
32 777
35 280
36 457
33 908
34 885
36 536
36 903
37 385
37 576
37 819
Annual change in volume
%
179.6
186.9
196.6
198.0
181.7
187.1
191.9
189.2
187.7
186.4
187.4
2.8
4.1
5.2
0.7
-8.3
3.0
2.6
-1.4
-0.8
-0.7
0.5
National balance of supply and demand
2013
€ billion
%
203.3
80.7
284.1
71.6
28.4
100
205.3
79.5
284.7
72.1
27.9
100
207.2
76.6
283.8
73.0
27.0
100
78.9
161.6
111.3
50.3
43.1
34.6
8.4
27.8
56.9
39.2
17.7
15.2
12.2
3.0
77.6
164.5
113.7
50.8
42.2
33.7
8.5
27.3
57.8
39.9
17.8
14.8
11.8
3.0
77.3
166.5
115.6
50.9
42.1
33.8
8.3
27.2
58.7
40.7
17.9
14.8
11.9
2.9
0.5
284.1
0.0
0.2
100
1.5
285.8
-1.0
0.5
100
-1.3
284.6
-0.7
-0.5
100
2012
2013
*2014
*2015
50.0
11.7
22.6
49.7
11.6
22.5
48.9
11.4
23.7
48.8
11.5
23.6
15.6
100
162.6
16.1
100
165.0
16.0
100
168.1
15.9
100
169.7
Supply
GDP
Imports
Total supply
Demand
Exports
Consumption expenditure
– private
– government
Gross fixed capital formation
– private
– government
Changes in inventories,
acquisition of valuables
Total demand
Statistical discrepancy
2014*
€ billion %
2015*
€ billlion
%
Net national income, %
Wages and salaries 1)
Employers’ social contributions
Net property and entrepreneurial income
Taxes on production and imports received
by general government less subsidies
paid by general government
Net national income
€ billion
1) Including wages and salaries receivable from the rest of the world, net
finland_in_figures_2016.indd National26
23.5.2016 13:58:07
National Accounts
27
Industries’ value added as a proportion of gross value
added, %
Industry (TOL 2008)
Agriculture, forestry and fishing
Mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning
supply
Water supply; sewerage, waste
management and remediation activities
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor
vehicles and motorcycles
Transportation and storage
Accommodation and food service activities
Information and communication
Financial and insurance activities
Real estate activities
Professional, scientific and technical activities
Administrative and support service
activities
Public administration and defence;
compulsory social security
Education
Human health and social work activities
Arts, entertainment and recreation
Other service activities
Gross domestic product at basic prices
Primary production
Secondary production
Services
2011
2012
2.7
0.5
18.9
2.7
0.5
16.9
2013 *2014
3.0
0.3
16.9
2.8
0.3
16.6
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.2
0.9
6.4
0.9
6.6
0.9
6.5
1.0
6.3
9.8
5.1
1.6
5.0
2.7
11.4
4.9
10.1
5.2
1.7
5.2
2.7
11.6
5.1
9.8
5.1
1.6
5.3
2.5
12.0
5.1
9.6
5.0
1.6
5.5
3.0
12.3
5.0
3.3
3.4
3.3
3.3
6.2
5.7
9.5
1.3
1.8
100
2.7
28.9
68.4
6.3
5.9
9.9
1.3
1.8
100
2.7
27.0
70.2
6.4
5.8
10.0
1.3
1.8
100
3.0
27.0
70.0
6.3
5.8
10.0
1.3
1.8
100
2.8
26.5
70.7
Households’ indebtedness rate and savings ratio
150
As % of disposable income
120
90
Households’ debts 1)
60
30
Households’ savings
0
-30
1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015*
1) Incl. households’ share of the debts of housing companies
finland_in_figures_2016.indd National27
23.5.2016 13:58:07
28
National Accounts
Current account 1)
8
%
14
Current account, € 12
Current account,
10
% of GDP
8
6
6
4
4
2
2
14
€ billion
12
10
0
0
-2
-2
-4
-4
-6
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
2009
2012
-6
2015*
1) According to National Accounts
Finland’s foreign assets and liabilities, € billion
Stock at year-end
2012
2013
*2014
*2015
Assets
Finnish direct investments abroad
Finnish investments in foreign securities
Other investments abroad
Financial derivatives
Exchange reserves
Liabilities
Foreign direct investments in Finland
Foreign investments in Finnish securities
Other investments from abroad
Financial derivatives
726.3
145.4
239.9
197.0
135.6
8.4
702.9
103.9
241.1
230.8
127.2
648.9
136.2
251.6
167.6
85.3
8.2
641.1
95.2
263.9
201.7
80.3
719.1
127.7
286.1
167.3
129.2
8.8
725.2
108.4
291.6
203.4
121.7
697.8
129.6
291.3
167.4
100.3
9.2
705.8
124.9
297.7
186.2
97.1
Structural change of the economy
100
% of gross value added
Tertiary production
80
60
40
20
Secondary production
Primary production
0
1860 1880
1900
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Ympa1:28
1920
1940
1960
1980
2000 2015*
23.5.2016 13:58:07
Population
29
Area, population and GDP by region
Land
Population Change, GDP 2)
GDP per
area, km2
%
€ million capita 3)
1.1.2016 31.12.2015 1) 2015 1)
*2013
*2013
Region
Mainland Finland:
Uusimaa
Varsinais-Suomi
Satakunta
Kanta-Häme
Pirkanmaa
Päijät-Häme
Kymenlaakso
South Karelia
Etelä-Savo
Pohjois-Savo
North Karelia
Central Finland
South Ostrobothnia
Ostrobothnia
Central Ostrobothnia
North Ostrobothnia
Kainuu
Lapland
Åland
Whole country
302 347
9 097
10 663
7 819
5 198
12 585
5 124
5 149
5 328
14 257
16 768
17 761
16 703
13 444
7 752
5 019
36 812
20 197
92 667
1 553
303 900
5 458 325
1 620 261
474 323
222 957
174 710
506 114
201 615
178 688
131 155
150 305
248 129
164 755
275 780
192 586
181 679
69 032
410 054
75 324
180 858
28 983
5 487 308
0.3
1.1
0.3
-0.5
-0.4
0.5
-0.2
-0.7
-0.5
-0.8
-0.1
-0.3
0.2
-0.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
-1.0
-0.5
0.2
0.3
201 341
77 496
15 900
7 678
5 558
17 384
6 057
5 818
4 689
4 327
7 562
4 775
8 186
5 848
6 810
2 252
12 872
2 069
6 060
1 338
202 743
100
132
91
92
85
94
80
86
95
76
82
77
80
81
102
88
86
69
89
126
100
1) According to the regional division of 1 January 2016
2) Gross domestic product at market prices. According to the regional
division of 1 January 2015.
3) Whole country = 100
Largest municipalities 1)
Population Change, %
2015
31.12.2015
Helsinki
Espoo
Tampere
Vantaa
Oulu
Turku
Jyväskylä
Lahti
Kuopio
Kouvola
628 208
269 802
225 118
214 605
198 525
185 908
137 368
118 743
112 117
85 855
1.2
1.6
0.9
1.8
1.1
1.1
1.2
0.1
0.7
-0.7
Population Change, %
31.12.2015
2015
Pori
Joensuu
Lappeenranta
Hämeenlinna
Vaasa
Rovaniemi
Seinäjoki
Mikkeli
Kotka
Salo
85 363
75 514
72 875
68 011
67 619
61 838
61 530
54 665
54 319
53 890
-0.1
0.6
0.1
0.1
1.0
0.5
1.1
0.1
-0.4
-0.6
1) According to the regional division of 1 January 2016
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Popula29
23.5.2016 13:58:07
30
Population
Population structure
Population
Total
Males
Females
Age
0–14 years
15–64 years
65– years
Language 1)
Finnish
Swedish
Lappish
Russian
Other
Marital status
Single
Males
Females
Married 2)
Males
Females
Divorced and widowed 2)
Males
Females
Religion
Lutheran National Church
Greek Orthodox Church
in Finland
Other
Census register or
unknown
1)
2)
3)
4)
Unit
1900
1950
31. Dec.
1990
2000
2015
1 000
1 000
1 000
2 656
1 311
1 345
4 030
1 926
2 104
4 998
2 426
2 572
5 181
2 529
2 652
5 487
2 701
2 786
%
%
%
35.0
59.6
5.4
30.0
63.3
6.7
19.3
67.2
13.5
18.1
66.9
15.0
16.3
63.2
20.5
%
%
%
%
%
86.8
12.9
0.1
0.3
0.0
91.1
8.6
0.1
0.1
0.1
93.5
5.9
0.0
0.1
0.4
92.4
5.6
0.0
0.5
1.4
88.7
5.3
0.0
1.3
4.7
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
60.9
63.0
58.9
33.6
34.0
33.2
5.5
3.0
7.9
53.3
55.6
50.8
39.4
41.2
38.0
7.2
3.2
11.2
45.5
49.5
41.7
41.6
42.8
40.5
12.9
7.6
17.8
47.1
51.1
43.2
38.3
39.2
37.5
14.6
9.7
19.3
48.0
51.9
44.3
36.6
37.1
36.0
15.4
11.0
19.7
%
3) 98.1
95.0
87.8
85.1
73.0
%
%
4) 1.7
0.2
1.7
0.5
1.1
0.9
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.6
%
-
2.8
10.2
12.7
24.3
Finnish and Swedish are the official languages
In 2015 including registered partnerships
Incl. other Lutheran churches
Incl. other Orthodox churches
Population projection
Population
0 – 14 years
15 – 64 years
65 – years
Unit
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
1 000
%
%
%
5 595
16.2
61.2
22.6
5 769
15.3
59.1
25.6
5 861
14.8
58.9
26.3
5 914
14.6
58.1
27.3
5 979
14.3
56.9
28.8
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Popula30
23.5.2016 13:58:07
Population
31
Age structure of population on 31 December 2015
Total population 5 487 308
Age
Males 2 701 490
Females 2 785 818
95–
90–94
85–89
80–84
75–79
70–74
65–69
60–64
55–59
50–54
45–49
40–44
35–39
30–34
25–29
20–24
15–19
10–14
5– 9
0– 4
200 000
100 000
0
100 000
200 000
In 2015 the mean age of males was 40.9 years and that of females 43.6
years. The age of 100 years or more had been reached by 759 persons,
112 of whom were males and 647 females.
Vital statistics
Live births
Deaths
Excess of births
Immigration
Emigration
Net immigration
Population growth
Marriages
Registered partnerships
Divorces
Divorces from registered
partnerships
2013
‰ 1)
2014
58 134
51 472
6 662
31 941
13 893
18 048
24 596
25 119
373
13 766
10.7
9.5
1.2
5.9
2.6
3.3
4.5
4.6
0.1
2.5
57 232
52 186
5 046
31 507
15 486
16 021
20 483
24 462
333
13 682
101
0.0
109
‰ 1)
2015
‰ 1)
10.5 55 472
9.6 52 492
0.9
2 980
5.8 *26 363
2.8 *14 464
2.9 *11 899
3.8 15 555
4.5 24 708
0.1
318
2.5 13 939
10.1
9.6
0.5
*4.8
*2.6
*2.2
2.8
4.5
0.1
2.5
0.0
133
0.0
1) Per 1 000 mean population
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Popula31
23.5.2016 13:58:07
32
Population
Life expectancy at birth
90
Years
Girls
85
80
75
Boys
70
65
60
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015*
Families, 2014
All
families
Total of families
Change 2013/2014, %
Family type
Married couple without children
Cohabiting couple without children
Married couple with children
Cohabiting couple with children
Mother with children
Father with children
Registered male couple 1)
Registered female couple 1)
With
children
aged
0–17
With
Persons
children per
aged
family
0–6
1 473 666 573 566
0.2
-0.4
289 134
-0.1
2.8
527 238
.
211 673
.
429 811 343 428
121 499 110 069
149 668 103 115
31 342 16 430
991
3
1 444
521
.
.
175 250
70 144
40 308
3 046
386
2.0
2.0
4.0
3.7
2.5
2.3
2.0
2.6
1) Incl. registered partnerships with children
Families and families with children by the number of
children, 2014
Children in families
%
Families with children
%
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Popula32
Number of children under 18
1
2
3
4–
247 882
23.5
247 882
43.2
138 808 1 055 763
13.1
100
29 164
573 566
5.1
100
440 974
41.8
220 487
38.4
228 099
21.6
76 033
13.3
Total
23.5.2016 13:58:08
Population
33
Foreigners in Finland
Country of
citizenship
2014
Estonia
48 354
Russia
30 619
Sweden
8 288
China
7 559
Somalia
7 381
Thailand
6 864
Iraq
6 795
India
4 728
Turkey
4 508
Viet Nam
3 993
United Kingdom
4 280
Germany
4 044
Poland
3 684
Afghanistan
3 527
Former Serbia and
Montenegro
3 360
Others
71 691
Total
219 675
%
Annual
change, %
2015
%
Annual
change, %
22.0
13.9
3.8
3.4
3.4
3.1
3.1
2.2
2.1
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
8.0
-0.4
-1.1
6.2
-1.1
5.9
7.0
8.1
2.5
11.1
5.7
1.8
11.0
10.1
50 367 21.9
30 813 13.4
8 174 3.6
8 042 3.5
7 261 3.2
7 229 3.1
7 073 3.1
4 992 2.2
4 595 2.0
4 552 2.0
4 427 1.9
4 112 1.8
3 959 1.7
3 741 1.6
4.2
0.6
-1.4
6.4
-1.6
5.3
4.1
5.6
1.9
14.0
3.4
1.7
7.5
6.1
1.5
32.6
100
6.5
8.4
5.9
3 535 1.5
76 893 33.5
229 765 100
5.2
7.3
4.6
Finnish citizenships granted 1)
Country of previous citizenship
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Russia
Somalia
Iraq
Estonia
Turkey
Afghanistan
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Sweden
China
Myanmar
Ukraine
Viet Nam
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Former Sudan
Former Serbia and
Montenegro
Syria
Others
Total
1 925
131
78
243
132
108
137
104
85
3
92
54
41
17
1 652
96
106
302
166
100
145
196
88
9
95
82
67
24
2 477
609
457
521
278
510
451
190
124
56
148
150
112
228
2 103
814
521
436
271
479
341
146
154
177
157
150
123
252
2 317
834
405
382
257
251
219
186
161
141
141
114
113
99
109
6
1 069
4 334
106
23
1 301
4 558
297
20
2 459
9 087
209
22
2 575
8 930
94
16
2 530
8 260
1) Persons permanently resident in Finland
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Popula33
23.5.2016 13:58:08
34
Population
Population by language
2012
2013
2014
2015
Finnish
Swedish
Sami
4 866 848
290 977
1 900
4 869 362
290 910
1 930
4 868 751
290 747
1 949
4 865 628
290 161
1 957
Other languages:
Russian
Estonian
Somali
English
Arabic
Kurdish
Chinese
Albanian
Persian
Thai
Vietnamese
Turkish
Spanish
German
Others
Total
62 554
38 364
14 769
14 666
12 042
9 280
8 820
7 760
6 422
6 926
6 549
6 097
5 470
5 792
61 438
5 426 674
66 379
42 936
15 789
15 570
13 170
10 075
9 496
8 214
7 281
7 513
6 991
6 441
6 022
5 902
67 289
5 451 270
69 614
46 195
16 721
16 732
14 825
10 731
10 110
8 754
8 103
8 038
7 532
6 766
6 583
6 059
73 543
5 471 753
72 436
48 087
17 871
17 784
16 713
11 271
10 722
9 233
8 745
8 582
8 273
7 082
7 025
6 168
79 570
5 487 308
Asylum-seekers and refugees
Asylum-seekers
Decisions on asylum 1)
Asylum granted
Residence permit granted 2)
No asylum or residence permit
granted
Family reunification
Positive decisions
Negative decisions
Quota
2)
2011
2012
2013
2014
3 088
3 129
3 238
3 651 32 476
169
1 102
2)
553
1 048
2)
556
1 271
2)
501
845
2015
1 112
767
2)
1 890
1 738
1 903
2 050
1 307
495
1 004
750
611
1 030
750
875
1 692
750
1 094
1 035
1 050
986
406
1 050
1) Decisions of the Finnish Immigration Service
2) Incl. residence permits granted on the basis of humanitarian and subsidiary
protection
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Popula34
23.5.2016 13:58:08
Prices and Costs
35
Consumer price index (2010 = 100)
Total index
Food and non-alcoholic beverages
Alcoholic beverages, tobacco
Clothing and footwear
Housing, water, electricity, gas and
other fuels
Furnishings, household equipment and
routine maintenance of the house
Health
Transport
Communication
Recreation and culture
Education
Restaurants and hotels
Miscellaneous goods and services
2013
2014
2015
107.9
117.7
110.3
102.6
109.0
117.9
114.6
102.2
108.8
115.7
116.0
102.8
108.5
109.8
110.7
105.4
102.9
110.0
85.6
100.8
107.9
111.1
108.1
106.0
106.0
109.2
86.8
101.5
114.2
113.8
110.7
105.7
109.3
107.1
83.1
100.2
113.1
115.5
111.0
Inflation
Consumer price index: average annual change
20
%
15
10
5
0
-5
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
Cost-of-living index (1951:10 = 100)
Total index
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2014
2015
138
223
651
1 248
1 501
1 751
1 910
1 906
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Prices35
23.5.2016 13:58:08
36
Prices and Costs
Coefficients for monetary value
By coefficients it is possible to convert the Finnish markka used
in 1960–2001 and the euro of the years 2002–2014 into 2015 euro
Year
Coefficient
2015 = 1.000
Year
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2001
2002
0.0232
1.4402
0.4925
0.2568
0.2136
0.2082
1.2192
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Coefficient
2015 = 1.000
1.2086
1.2063
1.1960
1.1753
1.1465
1.1018
1.1017
Year
Coefficient
2015 = 1.000
1.0885
1.0520
1.0232
1.0083
0.9980
1.0000
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Building cost index
Total index
2010 = 100
2000 = 100
1964 = 100
2011
2012
2013
103.3
131.7
1 196.0
105.8
134.9
1 225.0
106.9
136.3
1 237.4
3.3
2.4
1.0
1.0
0.5
Unit
2012
€
2013
2014
2015
l
500 g
kg
kg
kg
400 g
2 kg
500 g
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
150 g
500 g
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
l
ea.
0.87
2.92
13.82
3.93
0.82
0.41
1.24
1.78
9.65
15.87
13.12
4.44
8.43
1.71
4.11
1.06
3.24
2.60
1.52
1.58
1.67
10.86
1.05
3.06
14.13
4.25
0.94
0.43
1.38
1.94
10.68
16.88
13.75
4.80
9.04
1.85
3.56
1.13
3.08
2.77
1.61
1.70
1.64
11.12
1.10
2.87
14.02
3.68
0.87
0.42
1.36
1.95
10.20
16.74
13.47
4.94
9.56
1.81
3.59
1.08
3.25
2.57
1.53
1.69
1.61
11.22
1.03
2.48
14.52
3.60
0.93
0.40
1.35
1.90
10.11
16.21
13.18
4.64
8.50
1.75
3.87
0.93
3.19
2.50
1.55
1.67
1.46
11.36
Average annual change, %
2014
2015
107.9
108.5
137.7
138.4
1 249.8 1 256.1
Selected mean prices
Low fat milk
Butter
Cheese, Emmenthal
Eggs
Potatoes
Macaroni
Wheat flour
Wheat bread
Minced beef
Beef roast
Chicken breast fillet
Sausage
Rainbow trout, whole
Tuna fish, tinned
Coffee, packaged
Caster sugar
Tomatoes
Cucumbers
Oranges
Bananas
Petrol 95 E10
Cinema ticket
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Prices36
23.5.2016 13:58:08
Science, Technology and Information Society
37
Research and development expenditure
2013
€ million
Business enterprises
Public sector 2)
University sector 3)
Total
% of GDP
4 602
644
1 438
6 684
3.3
2014
€ million
%
68.9
9.6
21.5
100
4 410
613
1 490
6 512
*3.2
%
2015 1)
€ million
67.7
9.4
22.9
100
4 391
592
1 484
6 466
*3.1
%
67.9
9.2
22.9
100
1) Estimate based on survey responses and other calculations
2) Incl. private non-profit sector
3) Incl. central university hospitals and polytechnics
Use of information and communications technology by
individuals
2013
2014
2015
% of population aged 16 to 89
Internet users
Uses the Internet several times per day
Smartphone in own use
Made online purchases in the past year
85
61
56
44
86
64
63
48
87
68
69
46
E-commerce of enterprises 1)
Internet sales
€ billion
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
17
18
15
17
19
12
15
15
EDI sales 2)
E-commerce, total
29
33
29
36
34
38
44
52
46
51
44
53
53
50
59
67
10.0
10.9
11.6
13.2
11.7
12.3
14.3
16.4
16.1
17.0
17.8
19.6
18.5
16.1
19.2
21.0
% of turnover
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.4
6.7
3.8
5.0
4.6
1) Excl. enterprises with under 10 employees
2) Electronic data interchange between organizations (EDI)
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Science37
23.5.2016 13:58:08
38
Social Protection
Social expenditure by function
Net expenditure, € million
2013
%
2014
Sickness and health
Disability
Old age
Survivors
Family and children
Unemployment
Housing
Other social protection
Administration
Total of social expenditure
% of GDP
15 223
6 927
23 631
1 802
6 541
4 597
1 138
1 814
1 645
63 317
31.1
24.0
10.9
37.3
2.8
10.3
7.3
1.8
2.9
2.6
100
%
15 421
6 971
24 837
1 803
6 550
5 249
1 240
1 845
1 637
65 553
31.9
23.5
10.6
37.9
2.8
10.0
8.0
1.9
2.8
2.5
100
Pension beneficiaries
Pension category
Old-age pension
Unemployment pension
Disability pension
Part-time pension
Special pensions for farmers
Surviving spouse’s pension
Orphan’s pension
Total 1)
2012
2013
2014
2015
1 174 470
10 956
250 703
23 511
20 155
261 135
21 147
1 494 425
1 209 645
5 257
241 872
20 433
18 304
259 932
20 407
1 513 122
1 237 541
380
232 475
16 057
16 811
258 354
19 638
1 525 317
1 270 408
221 952
12 066
15 322
256 330
18 885
1 540 972
1) The same individual may be the beneficiary of more than one type of pension
Total pension distribution among pension beneficiaries 1)
on 31 December 2015
Total pension
€/month
All beneficiaries
Number
%
0 – 799
800 – 1 099
1 100 – 1 399
1 400 – 1 699
1 700 – 1 999
2 000 – 2 299
2 300 – 2 599
2 600 –
Total
Average pension,
€/month
166 609
261 705
297 236
208 312
162 241
109 766
71 040
149 851
1 426 760
1 613
11.7
18.3
20.8
14.6
11.4
7.7
5.0
10.5
100
Males
Number
%
Females
Number
%
64 173
90 809
109 591
91 321
81 252
61 268
42 345
104 237
644 996
9.9
14.1
17.0
14.2
12.6
9.5
6.6
16.2
100
102 436
170 896
187 645
116 991
80 989
48 498
28 695
45 614
781 764
13.1
21.9
24.0
15.0
10.4
6.2
3.7
5.8
100
1 829
1 434
1) Finnish residents receiving old-age, disability, unemployment and special
farmer’s pension
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Social38
23.5.2016 13:58:08
Trade
39
Domestic trade (TOL 2008)
Volume indices
140
2010 = 100
Sale of motor vehicles
120
Wholesale trade
100
Retail trade
80
60
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015*
Enterprises, personnel and turnover, 2014
Enterprises
Personnel
% 1 000
%
Wholesale and retail trade
and repair of motor
vehicles and motorcycles
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Total
9 393
21
14 586
33
20 363
46
44 342 100
37
76
133
246
Turnover
€ million
15
14 901
31
63 935
54
38 010
100 116 846
%
13
55
33
100
Imports, exports and trade balance
80
€ billion
60
Exports
40
Imports
20
Trade balance
0
-20
2001
2003
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Trade39
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015*
23.5.2016 13:58:08
40
Trade
Foreign trade, 2015*
Imports
Exports
€ million
% € million
Main trading partners
Germany
Sweden
Russia
Netherlands
China
United States
United Kingdom
France
Estonia
Poland
Other countries
Total
8 268
6 200
5 978
3 542
3 967
2 012
1 709
2 068
1 536
1 413
17 564
54 256
15.2
11.4
11.0
6.5
7.3
3.7
3.2
3.8
2.8
2.6
32.4
100
Trade by country group
EU28
Euro area
Rest of Europe
Asia
Africa
North and Middle America
South America
Oceania
OECD
Developing countries
33 975
21 597
8 135
7 375
645
2 858
1 134
133
37 545
8 558
62.6
39.8
15.0
13.6
1.2
5.3
2.1
0.2
69.2
15.8
Trade
balance
% € million
7 497
5 522
3 158
3 555
2 536
3 758
2 780
1 505
1 569
1 407
20 542
53 829
31 757
20 175
6 655
7 884
1 291
4 670
1 063
509
38 661
9 138
13.9
10.3
5.9
6.6
4.7
7.0
5.2
2.8
2.9
2.6
38.2
100
-771
-678
-2 820
13
-1 431
1 746
1 071
-562
33
-6
2 978
-427
59.0
37.5
12.4
14.6
2.4
8.7
2.0
0.9
71.8
17.0
-2 219
-1 421
-1 480
509
646
1 812
-72
376
1 116
580
Imports and exports by products by activity (CPA 2008)
Imports
Chemical industry products
Electric and electronics industry products
Products from mining and quarrying
Transport equipment
Machinery and equipment
Other
Exports
Forest industry products
Chemical industry products
Metal and metal products
Machinery and equipment
Electric and electronics industry products
Other
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Trade40
€ million
%
10 483
7 664
6 159
5 645
4 814
19 491
19.3
14.1
11.4
10.4
8.9
35.9
11 549
10 103
7 894
7 277
6 516
10 490
21.5
18.8
14.7
13.5
12.1
19.5
23.5.2016 13:58:08
Transport and Tourism
41
Transport
2012
2013
2014
2015
Transport network, km
Length of railway line 1)
5 944
5 944
5 944 l 5 923
Length of tram line
96
96
96
96
Length of underground line
21
21
21
21
Highways 2)
78 109
78 093
78 071
77 989
Streets 3)
28 899
29 477 29 809
..
Coastal waterways
10 089
10 096
10 111
10 278
Inland waterways
9 806
9 811
9 812
9 811
Passengers by mode of transport, million
Railway transport
69.3
69.3
68.3 l 76.0
Tramway transport
57.2
56.6
55.5
55.2
Underground transport
62.2
63.4
62.1
62.9
4)
Bus and motor coach transport
351.8
352.7
349.4
..
Taxi traffic
58.0
55.8
54.4
..
5)
22.1
22.5
22.3
22.7
Water transport
19.2
19.0
19.7
20.1
Air transport 5)
Domestic passenger transport performance, million passenger km
Public transport
13 304
13 250
..
..
Railway transport
4 035
4 053
3 874 l 4 113
Tramway transport
125
124
122
122
Underground transport
401
401
392
396
Bus and motor coach transport
7 540
7 540
7 540
..
Coastal transport
119
126
126
132
Inland water transport
9
8
7
5
Air transport
1 075
998
..
..
Passenger car transport
65 270
65 115
65 520
66 297
Domestic goods transport performance, million freight tonne km
Railway transport
9 275
9 470
9 597
8 468
Road transport
21 927
20 967
20 297
21 433
Coastal transport
2 846
1 903
2 015
2 185
Inland water transport
293
290
294
248
Transit transport via Finland, 1 000 t
Rail transit: Eastbound
202
207
130
60
Westbound
4 748
5 191
5 841
4 917
Road transit: Eastbound
2 002
1 620
1 285
782
Westbound
..
..
..
..
Sea transit: Imports
1 938
1 687
1 373
823
Exports
5 162
5 853
6 639
6 355
1) State railway line
2) Roads maintained by the Finnish Transport Agency (31 Dec.). Ramps and
ferry routes excluded.
3) Roads and streets maintained by local authority
4) Includes charter transport but not private transport
5) National and international
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Transp41
23.5.2016 13:58:08
42
Transport and Tourism
Motor vehicles
Passenger cars
per 1 000 inhabitants
Lorries and vans
Buses, coaches
Other
Total
per 1 000 inhabitants
Motorcycles
Tractors
Snowmobiles 1)
2012
2013
2014
2015
3 057 484
563
508 011
14 930
12 293
3 592 718
662
244 968
391 335
130 581
3 127 399
574
526 098
15 536
12 104
3 681 137
675
251 525
399 507
135 473
3 194 950
584
542 894
16 251
11 923
3 766 018
688
257 094
407 874
138 798
3 257 581
594
560 890
16 856
11 718
3 847 045
701
261 826
415 996
142 589
1) Excl. Åland
Automobile stock
4 000
1 000
3 000
All automobiles
2 000
Passenger cars
1 000
0
1930 1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010 -15
Road, water and air traffic accidents
Road traffic accidents
Involving personal injury
Fatal
Alcohol-related
Deaths
Persons injured
Water traffic accidents
Deaths
Air traffic accidents
Deaths
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Transp42
2012
2013
2014
*2015
5 725
235
542
255
7 088
1 407
42
21
6
5 334
244
561
258
6 681
1 666
47
13
7
5 324
208
535
229
6 705
1 932
53
7
11
5 158
237
500
260
6 385
1 948
40
14
-
23.5.2016 13:58:08
Transport and Tourism
43
Number of overnight stays by foreigners
at accommodation establishments 1)
Country of
domicile
Russia
Sweden
Germany
United Kingdom
France
Japan
United States
Estonia
Norway
China
Other
Total
2014
%
2015
1 339 526
534 358
500 057
446 792
215 393
192 007
204 036
196 277
178 956
128 685
1 774 253
5 710 340
23.5
9.4
8.8
7.8
3.8
3.4
3.6
3.4
3.1
2.3
31.1
100
782 848
549 870
543 294
471 869
230 090
203 411
202 546
188 899
185 995
181 862
1 969 666
5 510 350
%
Annual change, %
2015
14.2
10.0
9.9
8.6
4.2
3.7
3.7
3.4
3.4
3.3
35.7
100
-41.6
2.9
8.6
5.6
6.8
5.9
-0.7
-3.8
3.9
41.3
-32.4
-3.5
1) Accommodation establishments with at least 20 bed places or caravan
pitches with electrical connection points, as well as hostels
Finns’ leisure trips abroad 1)
Country of
destination
Estonia
Spain
Sweden
Germany
Russia
Greece
Italy
Turkey
United Kingdom
Norway
Other
Total
2014
%
2015
1 324 000
756 000
768 000
256 000
237 000
203 000
265 000
211 000
203 000
129 000
1 529 000
5 881 000
22.5
12.9
13.1
4.4
4.0
3.5
4.5
3.6
3.5
2.2
26.0
100
1 529 000
648 000
607 000
326 000
238 000
237 000
230 000
214 000
200 000
189 000
1 738 000
6 156 000
%
Annual change, %
2015
24.8
10.5
9.9
5.3
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.5
3.2
3.1
28.2
100
15.5
-14.3
-21.0
27.3
0.4
16.7
-13.2
1.4
-1.5
46.5
13.7
4.7
1) Trips with overnight stays in destination country made by the population
aged 15 to 84
Travel account
Income
Expenses
Net
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Transp43
2010
€ million
2011
2012
2013
2014
*2015
2 301
3 251
-950
2 745
3 502
-758
3 020
3 805
-785
3 067
3 880
-813
2 706
3 979
-1 273
2 447
4 114
-1 667
23.5.2016 13:58:08
Wages, Salaries and Labour Costs
44
Index of wage and salary earnings
Index
2010 = 100
2014
*2015
Total
Private sector
Local government
Central government
Males
Females
109.8
109.7
109.3
112.0
109.0
110.4
111.1
111.1
110.2
113.7
110.3
111.8
Annual change, %
Nominal
Real
2014 *2015
2014
1.4
1.6
0.7
1.9
1.3
1.6
1.2
1.3
0.8
1.6
1.2
1.2
*2015
0.4
0.6
-0.3
0.9
0.3
0.6
1.4
1.5
1.0
1.8
1.4
1.4
Index of wage and salary earnings, average annual changes
25
%
20
15
Index of wage and salary earnings
10
5
0
Index of real wage and salary earnings
-5
-10
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015*
Total earnings by level of education and age, 2014
7 000
€/month
6 000
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
Age –20 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49 50–54 55–59 60–69
Doctorate or equivalent level
tertiary education
Higher-degree level
tertiary education
Lower-degree level
tertiary education
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Wages44
Lowest level tertiary
education
Upper secondary level
education
Lower secondary
education
23.5.2016 13:58:09
Wages, Salaries and Labour Costs
45
Total earnings by employer sector and gender, 2014
Employer sector
Full-time employees
Number
Monthly earnings, €
Total
Males
931 309
374 210
72 629
1 378 148
Private
Local government
Central government
Total
3 380
3 029
3 820
3 308
Females
3 608
3 502
4 117
3 625
3 040
2 902
3 481
3 003
Total earnings by occupation and gender, 2014
Main category
of occupation
Full-time employees
Number Monthly earnings, €
Total Males Females
7 778
Armed forces
Legislators, senior officials and
49 002
managers
308 563
Professionals
Technicians and associate professionals 322 935
104 572
Clerks
Service workers and shop and market
247 686
sales workers
5 540
Skilled agricultural and fishery workers
137 722
Craft and related trades workers
Plant and machine operators and
106 690
assemblers
82 564
Elementary occupations
5 096
Unknown
1 378 148
Total
4 317 4 348
3 780
6 066
4 223
3 343
2 673
6 536
4 626
3 726
2 808
5 268
3 878
3 038
2 628
2 492 2 719
2 370 2 425
2 978 3 011
2 404
2 302
2 584
3 010
2 288
2 994
3 308
2 650
2 076
2 688
3 003
3 094
2 563
3 080
3 625
Wages and salaries 1) as % of national income
65
%
60
55
50
45
40
35
1991 1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
2009
2012
2015*
1) Including wages and salaries receivable from the rest of the world, net
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Wages45
23.5.2016 13:58:09
46
Foreign Countries
Comparative international data
Area
Population
1 000 km2
2014
Million
2014
338
450
324
43
103
2 780
7 692
84
31
8 515
9 985
756
9 597
79
1 002
45
552
357
132
93
3 287
1 911
70
22
302
378
65
65
3
1 964
37
268
924
796
312
92
17 098
1 221
506
41
784
604
242
9 834
5.5
9.7
5.1
5.6
0.3
42.7
23.5
8.5
11.2
202.8
35.5
17.8
1 364.3
10.5
86.8
1.3
64.1
81.0
10.9
9.9
1) 1 213.4
252.2
4.6
8.2
60.8
127.1
2.0
2.9
0.6
119.7
16.9
4.5
Finland
Sweden
Norway
Denmark
Iceland
Argentina
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Brazil
Canada
Chile
China
Czech Republic
Egypt
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
India
Indonesia
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nigeria
Pakistan
Poland
Portugal
Russia
South Africa
Spain
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
United States
..
188.0
38.0
10.4
145.0
54.0
46.5
8.2
77.2
43.0
64.6
2) 316.1
Population
growth
%/year
2010–2015
0.5
0.8
1.3
0.4
0.7
1.0
1.6
0.4
0.7
0.9
1.0
1.1
0.5
0.1
2.2
-0.3
0.5
0.1
-0.4
-0.3
1.3
1.3
0.3
1.7
0.1
-0.1
-1.2
-1.6
2.2
1.4
0.3
0.7
2.7
2.1
0.0
-0.4
0.0
1.1
-0.2
1.2
1.7
-0.4
0.6
0.8
Life
expectancy
years
2015
81
82
82
79
83
78
82
81
81
74
82
79
75
78
74
76
82
81
80
76
68
72
81
82
82
85
74
75
82
76
81
81
53
67
77
79
70
62
82
83
75
72
81
80
1) 2012 – 2) 2013
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Wages46
23.5.2016 13:58:09
Foreign Countries
47
Comparative international data
GNP per capita
Purchasing power
parity, USD
USD
2014
2014
Finland
Sweden
Norway
Denmark
Iceland
Argentina
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Brazil
Canada
Chile
China
Czech Republic
Egypt
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
India
Indonesia
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nigeria
Pakistan
Poland
Portugal
Russia
South Africa
Spain
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
United States
48 440
61 570
103 620
61 330
1) 46 350
13 480
64 600
49 600
47 240
11 790
51 630
14 910
7 400
18 350
3 210
19 010
42 950
47 590
1) 22 810
13 340
1 570
3 630
46 520
35 320
34 580
42 000
15 250
15 410
75 960
9 870
51 860
41 070
2 970
1 400
13 680
21 360
13 220
6 800
29 390
84 720
10 830
3 560
43 390
55 230
40 630
46 870
67 100
46 850
1) 41 800
..
44 700
47 380
44 090
15 570
44 350
21 320
13 170
28 740
10 280
27 490
40 100
47 460
1) 27 050
23 960
5 630
10 190
42 830
33 300
35 450
38 120
23 360
26 390
65 570
16 840
48 860
36 200
5 710
5 090
24 430
28 370
22 160
12 700
33 490
59 160
19 560
8 560
39 500
55 900
Unemployment
%
2015
9.4
7.4
4.4
6.2
4.0
2) 7.0
6.1
5.7
8.5
2) 6.9
6.9
6.2
2) 4.1
5.1
2) 13.0
6.2
10.4
4.6
24.9
6.8
2) 4.9
6.0
9.4
5.3
11.9
3.4
9.9
9.1
6.4
4.3
6.9
5.8
1) 28.5
5.9
7.5
12.6
2) 5.2
2) 24.9
22.1
4.6
10.3
2) 9.3
5.3
5.3
Inflation
%
2015
-0.2
0.0
2.2
0.5
1.6
..
1.5
0.9
0.6
9.0
1.1
4.3
1.4
0.3
11.0
-0.5
0.0
0.2
-1.7
-0.1
5.9
6.4
-0.3
-0.6
0.0
0.8
0.2
-0.9
0.5
2.7
0.6
0.3
9.0
4.5
-0.9
0.5
15.5
4.5
-0.5
-1.1
7.7
48.7
0.0
0.1
1) 2013 – 2) 2014
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Wages47
23.5.2016 13:58:09
48
Foreign Countries
General government deficit/surplus and debt
EU Member State Deficit (–) / surplus (+), % of GDP
2016
2013
2014
2015
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
-1.3
-3.0
-0.4
-5.3
-4.9
-1.3
-1.1
-0.2
-2.6
-4.0
-0.1
-13.0
-2.6
-5.7
-2.9
-0.9
-2.6
0.8
-2.6
-2.4
-4.0
-4.8
-2.1
-2.7
-15.0
-6.9
-1.4
-5.6
-2.7
-3.1
-5.4
-5.5
-8.9
-1.9
1.5
0.8
-3.2
-4.0
0.3
-3.6
-2.3
-3.8
-3.0
-1.6
-0.7
1.7
-2.0
-2.4
-3.3
-7.2
-0.9
-2.7
-5.0
-5.9
-1.6
-5.6
-1.2
-2.6
-2.1
-3.2
-1.0
-0.4
-2.1
0.4
-2.7
-3.5
0.7
-7.2
-2.0
-2.3
-2.6
-1.3
-0.2
1.2
-1.5
-1.8
-2.6
-4.4
-0.7
-3.0
-2.9
-5.1
0.0
-4.4
Debt, % of GDP
2013
2014
2015
80.8
105.2
17.1
82.2
102.5
45.1
44.7
9.9
55.5
92.4
77.2
177.7
76.8
120.0
129.0
39.1
38.8
23.3
68.6
67.9
56.0
129.0
38.0
55.0
71.0
93.7
39.8
86.2
84.3
106.5
27.0
86.5
108.2
42.7
44.8
10.4
59.3
95.4
74.7
180.1
76.2
107.5
132.5
40.8
40.7
22.9
67.1
68.2
50.5
130.2
39.8
53.9
81.0
99.3
44.8
88.2
86.2
106.0
26.7
86.7
108.9
41.1
40.2
9.7
63.1
95.8
71.2
176.9
75.3
93.8
132.7
36.4
42.7
21.4
63.9
65.1
51.3
129.0
38.4
52.9
83.2
99.2
43.4
89.2
Tax rate in selected countries, 2014*
Tax revenue as % of GDP/GNP
Denmark
France
Belgium
Finland
Italy
Sweden
Norway
Germany
Greece
Spain
Estonia
United Kingdom
Ireland
United States
0%
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Wages48
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
23.5.2016 13:58:09
Suomi
Finland
1917 Finland’s
independence
1948 Member of
the World Bank
1948 Member of
the IMF
1955 Member of
the UN
1955 Member of
the Nordic
Council
1961 Associate
member of
the EFTA
1969 Member of
the OECD
1986 Full member of
the EFTA
1989 Member of
the Council
of Europe
1995 Member of
the European
Union
Rovaniemi
Oulu
Kajaani
Kokkola
Vaasa
Seinäjoki
0
100
Pori Tampere
Maarianhamina
Kuopio
Joensuu
Jyväskylä
Mikkeli
Lappeenranta
Lahti
Hämeenlinna
Kouvola
Turku
Helsinki
Regional division as on 1 January 2016
Town locations: National Land Survey of Finland
Editing:
Communication and Information Services
Information products
Publication orders:
Edita Publishing Oy
tel. +358 20 450 05
editapublishing.fi
Cover photograph:
shutterstock.com/balabolka
Cover design:
Irene Koumolou
Printed by:
Grano Oy, Helsinki 2016
© 2016 Statistics Finland
Quoting is encouraged provided Statistics Finland is acknowledged as
the source.
finland_in_figures_2016.indd Wages49
23.5.2016 13:58:09
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FINLAND IN FIGURES
2016
ISSN 2242−8496 (pdf)
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ISBN 978−952−244−559−9 (print)
Product number 3056 (print)