ISITATIMENDE SOMGOMO WEKHARIKHYULAMU
KANYE NOKUHLOLA WELIZWELOKE
AMABANGA 10-12
AMALIMI
ISINDEBELE ILIMI LEKHAYA
UMTLAMO WOKUGCINA
ISIGABA 1
ISITATIMENDE SOMGOMO WEKHARIKHYULAMU YELIZWELOKE WOKUHLOLA ILIMI
LEKHAYA
1.1 Isandulelo
IsiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke amaGreyidi R-12 (TKZ) yethula umthetho-kambiso wekharikhyulamu
nokuhlola emkhakheni wezokufunda.
Ukuthuthukisa ukusetjenziswa kwayo, isiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke satjhugululwa, amatjhugululo
la azokuthonywa ukusetjenziswa ngenyanga kaTjhirhweni ngomnyaka we-2012. Kwathuthukiswa umtlolo
owodwa opheleleko wekharikhyulamu nomgomo wokuhlola esifundweni ngasinye ukujamiselela isitatimende
esidala sesiFundo, uMhlahlandlela weHlelo lokuFunda, kanye noMhlahlandlela wokuHlola wesiFundo weGreyidi
R-12.
IsiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke esitjhugululiweko samaGreyidi R-12: Umgomo weKharikhyulamu
nokuHlola (wangoJTjhirhweni 2011) ijamiselela isiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke.(seGreyidi R-9
( 2002) nesiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke (seGreyidi 10-12 ( 2004)
1.2 Ihlathululo-mazombe
(a) IsiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke, seGreyidi R-12 sangoTjhirhweni ka -2012 ijamele umgomo
wesitatimende sokufunda nokundisa eenkolweni zeSewula Afrika esifaka hlangana okulandelako:
(i)
Umtlolo weKharikhyulamu nomGomo wokuHlola wesifundo ngasinye sesikolo
esiphumelelisiweko njengombana zirhelisiwe kumtlolo-mgomo we-National Senior Certificate;
Iziqu ezisezingeni le-4 kuNational Qualifications Framework(NQF); kanye
(ii)
Umtlolo-mGomo we-National Senior Certificate. Iziqu esisezingeni le-4
Qualifications Framework(NQF)
(b) IsiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke seGreyidi R-12 (Tjhirhweni
ngokuhlanganyela nemitlolo elandelako:
kuNational
2011. Kumele sifundwe
(i)
I-Adendamu yomtlolo-mgomo, iNational Senior Certificate: Iziqu ezisezingeni le-4 ku National
Qualifications FrameWork(NQF), mayelana neNational Protocol for Assessment kuGreyidi R12, egadangiswe kuGovernment Gazette, No.29467 yangomhlaka 11kuNobayeni 2006 ; kanye
(ii)
I-Adendamu yomtlolo-mgomo, iNational Senior Certificate: Iziqu ezisezingeni le-4 kuNational
Qualifications Framework (NQF) mayelana nabafundi abaneendingo ezikhethekileko,
egadangiswe kuGovernment Gazette, inomboro 29466 yangomhlaka11 kuNobayeni 2006.
(c) IinTatimende zesiFundo, imihlahlandlela yehlelo lokufunda kanye nemihlahlandlela yesifundo sokuhlola ye
Greyidi R-9 kanye negreyidi 10-12 asusiwe bekajanyiselelwa ngomtlolo wekhariKhyulamu kanye nomGomo
wokuHlola. weGreyidi R-12 (Tjhirhweni 2011).
(d) Iingaba eziKharikhyulamu kanye nemGomeni wokuNokuhlola njengombana ziveziwe esahlukweni se-2,3
nese-4 emtlolweni zimumethe imigomo namazinga wesiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke yeGreyidi
R-12 ngalokho, ngokuya kwesigaba 6A seSouth African School Act, (Act No. 84 we1996,) ngokususela
kuNgqongqotjhe weFundo esiSekelo ukubonelela isilinganiso samazinga nemiphumela, kanye nendlela
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nekambiso yokuhlola umsebenzi womntwana bona ube khona eenkolweni zomphakathi nalezo
ezizijameleko.
1.3 lminqopho zombelele yekharikhyulamu yeSewula Afrika
(a) IsiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke seGreyidi R-12 sethula lokho okungathathwa njengelwazi,
amakghono namagugu okumele kufundwe. Sizokuqinisekisa bona abafundi bafumana ilwazi namakghono
ngendlela ezizwisisekako eempilweni zabo. Ngalokho, ikharikhyulamu ithuthukisa umqondo wokubuthelelela
ilwazi emabumbekweni ajayelekileko atjheja iimbopho zephasi.
(b) IsiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke iGreyidi R-12 sifeza iminqopho yoku:
ƒ
hlomisa abafundi, ngaphandle kokutjheja ibhoduluko lezokuhlalisana-nezomnotho, ubulili, ikghono
lezomzimba nezengqondo ngelwazi, amakghono namagugu ezidinga ukuzanelisa,
nokuzibandakanya okuzwisisekako emphakathini njengabahlali benarha etjhaphulukileko;
ƒ
Ukwenza ifundo yamazinga aphezulu afinyeleleke;
ƒ
Ukwenza kube lula bona abafundi basuke emazikweni wezefundo baye emisebenzini; begodu
ƒ
kunikela abaqatjhi ngephrofayili eyaneleko yamakghono womfundi.
(c) IsiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke seGreyidi R-12 sisekelwe eenkambisweni ezilandelako:
ƒ
Ukutjhuguluka kwezokuhlalisana; ukuqinisekisa bona ukungalingani kwezefundo kwesikhathi
esidlulileko kwalungiswa nokuthi amathuba alinganako wezefundo anikelwe zoke iingaba zesintu.
ƒ
Ukufunda ngomdlandla nangelihlo elihlabako; ukukhuthaza indlela yokufunda ngelihlo elihlabako
nenomdlandla, kunokobana kubanjwe izinto ngehloko ngaphandle kokuzizwisisa.
ƒ
Ilwazi namakghono asezingeni eliphakamileko; iimfuneko ezimbalwa zelwazi namakghono okumele
kufunyanwe kileyo naleyogreyidi zibekiwe begodu zibeka amazinga aphakamileko, afunyanekako
eemfundweni zoke.
ƒ
Ukuragela phambili; okumumethweko nobujamo baleyo naleyo greyidi kutjengisa ukuragela
phambili ukusukela kwezilula ukuya kwezibudisi.
ƒ
Amalungelo wobuntu, ukufaka koke, ubulungiswa bezebhoduluko nokuhlalisana; ukufaka imigomo
yobulungiswa kwezokuhlalisana, kwezebhoduluko kanye namalungelo wabantu njengombana
kuhlathululiwe kumThetho-sisekelo weSewula Afrika. IsiTatimende nseKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke
iGreyidi 10-12(Zombelele) itjhetjha khulu izinto ezifana nokutlhaga, ukungafani, ukungalingani,
ubuhlanga, ilimi, iminyaka , ukurholophala kanye namanye amatshwayo.
ƒ
Ukukarekela amahlelo welwazi lendabuko; ukuthabela umlando onothileko wenarha kanye
namagugu wenarha le njengezinto eziqakathekileko zenarha ukunothisa amagugu amumethwe
mThetho-sisekelo, kanye
ƒ
Ukukholweka, ikhwalithi nekghono, ukunikela ifundo emadanisekako ngekhwalithi, ububanzi
nokudepha neyakwezinye iinarha.
(d) IsiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke iGreyidi R-12 sihlose ukukhiqiza abafundi abakwazi uku::
ƒ lemuka nokurarulula imiraro nokuthatha iinqunto kusetjenziswa ukucabanga kwelihlo elibukhali
nelokuzitlamela.
ƒ
ukusebenza kuhle ngamunye begodu nabanye njengamalunga wesiqhema
ƒ
hlela nokuziphatha kanye nokuphatha imisebenzabo ngendlela yokuziphendulela nangepumelelo;
ƒ
buthelela, ukutsenga, ukuhlela nokuhlola ilwazi ngelihlo elibukhali;
ƒ
ƒ
thintana nokukhulumisana ngepumelelo nabanye asebenzisa okubonwako namkha
okubukelwako, amatshwayo, amakghono welimi ngeendlela ezinengi;
sebenzisa isayensi netheknoloji ngepumelelo nangokucabangisisa abe abonise
ukuziphendulela ebhodulukweni nepilweni yabanye; begodu
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ƒ
Tjengisa ukuzwisisa iphasi bona linamahlelo akhambelanako ngokuyelela bona ukurarulula
umraro akwenzeki kodwa ngeqadi.
(e) Ukufaka hlangana kumele kube mgogodlha womkhandlu, ukuhlela nokufundisa kileso naleso sikolo. Lokhu
kungenzeka kwaphela lokha abotitjhere boke banokuzwisisa okuhluzekileko bokobanyana iinqabo zokufunda
zingalemukwa zilungiswe bunjani begodu kungahlelelwa bunjani ukungafani.
Into eqakathekileko yokulawula ukufaka hlangana kuqinisekisa bona kuqalwa iinqabo bese zitjhejwa ngizo zoke
izakhiwo ezisekelako hlangana nomphakathi wesikolo, kufakwe hlangana abotitjhere, iinQhema eziSekelako
eziNzinze kumaDistrigi, iinQhema eziSekelako eziseZingeni leenhlangano, ababelethi kanye neenKolo
eziKhethekileko njengamaSentha wemiThombo. Ukulungisa iinqabo ngetlasini, abotitjhere kufanele basebenzise
amaqhinga ahlukahlukeneko wekharikhyulamu afana nalawo afakwe hlangana IDepartment of Basic Education’s
Guidelines for Inclusive Teaching and Learning (2010)
1.4 UKWABIWA KWESIKHATHI
1.4.IZinga lefundo kusiGaba-sisekelo
(a)
Isikhathi sokufundisa sesifundo kuZinga lesiGaba-sisekelo njengombana sitjengisiwe ngenzasi:
Isifundo
I.
II.
III.
IV.
iLimi lekhaya
iLimi lokuThoma lokuNgezelela
Iimbalo
Amakghono wePilo
• Ukuthoma ilwazi
• UbuKghwari nomsebenzi
wezandla
• IsiFundo sokuziThabulula
• IsiFundo sezePilo
Ukwabiwa kwesikhathi
evekeni (ama-iri)
10 (11)
7
6 (7)
1 (2)
2
2
1
(b) Isikhathi sokufundisa seGreyidi R, 1 no-2 ma-iri ama-23.
(c)
Kumalimi ama-iri ali-10 abelwe amaGreyidi R-2. Kuthi ama-iri ali-11 abelwe iGreyidi 3. Ubunengi
bama-iri abu-8 kanye nobuncani bama-iri ali-7 abelwe iLimi leKhaya bese ubuncani bama-iri ama2 begodu nobuncani bama-iri ama-3 kanye nobunengi bama-iri ama-4 babelwe iLimi lokuThoma
lokwEngeza..
(d)
KumaKghono wePilo iLwazi lokuThoma labelwe i-iri li-1 kumaGreyidi R- 2 begodu nama-iri ama-2
njengombana kuvezwe ma-iri akubokaki mayelana neGreyidi 3.
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1.4.2 IZinga eliPhakathi
(a)
1.4.3
Itheyibula elingenzasi litjengisa iimfundo neenkhathi zokufundisa eZingeni eliPhakathi
Ukwabiwa kwesikhathi
Isifundo
evekeni (ama-iri)
6
I. ILimi leKhaya
5
II. ILimi leKhaya lokuNgezelela
6
III. Iimbalo
3.5
IV. iSayensi neTheknoloji
3
V. iSayensi yeHlalo
4
VI. AmaKghono wePilo
1.5
• UbuKghwari bezandla
1.5
• isiFundo sokuziThabulula
1
• isiFundo sezeKolo
IZinga eliPhezudlwana
(a)
Isikhathi sokufundisa esigabeni esiPhezudlwana (Senior phase)singalendlela elandelako:
Ukwabiwa kwesikhathi
Isifundo
evekeni (ama-iri)
5
I. iLimi leKhaya
4
II. iLimi lokuThoma lokuNgezelela
4.5
III. Iimbalo
3
IV. ISayensi yeMvelo
3
V. iSayensi yehlalo
2
VI. itheknoloji
2
VII. iSayensi yokuphatha nezomnotho
2
VIII. UkuJayela iPilo
2
IX. UbuKghwari namaSiko
1.4.4 AmaGreyidi 10-12
(a)
Isikhathi sokufundisa kuGreyidi 10-12 singendlela elandelako:
Ukwabiwa kwesikhathi
Isifundo
evekeni (ama-iri)
I. Ilimi leKhaya
4.5
II. iLimi lokuThoma lokuNgezelela 4.5
III. Iimbalo
4.5
IV. UkuJayela iPilo
2
V. Iimfundo zokungezelela
12 (3x4h)
Isikhathi esabiweko ngeveke singasetjenziselwa kwaphela iimfundo ze-TKZ njengombana zikhethelwe
ukufundwa ngaphezulu, begodu angeze zasetjenziselwa nanyana ngiziphi iimfundo zokwengeza
ezingezelelwe erhelweni leemfundo. Lokha umfundi nakafuna ukuthatha iimfundo zokweNgeza, isikhathi
esingezelelweko kumele sabelwe ukufundiswa kwalezo mfundo.
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ISIGABA 2
Ukwethulwa kwamalimi
2.1 AMALIMI KUSITATIMENDE SOMGOMO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA WELIZWELOKE
Ilimi lisisetjenziswa somcabango nokuthintana. Libuye godu libe yindlela yesiko kanye neyokuzikhakhazisa
kanengi abantu ababelana ngakho ukwenza bona iphasi abahlala kilo lizwakale ngcono. Ukufunda ukusebenzisa
ilimi ngendlela efaneleko kwenza abafundi bathole ilwazi, bazitjho ivelaphi yabo, imizwa kanye nemibono,
basebenzisane nabanye, begodu balawule iphasi labo. linikela godu abafundi ihlelo leenthombe ezinothileko,
ezinamandla nezinevelaphi enengi kanye nemibono engasetjenziswa ukwenza iphasi labo libe ngcono kunalokho
elingikho; likhazimule kunalokho elingikho. Ngesimanga selimi ukobana ukungafani ngokwamasiko kanye
nokuhlobana ngokwehlalakuhle kutjengiswe bekubunjwe, begodu kungesimanga selimi ukobana izinto ezinjalo
zingatjhugululwa, zinatjiswe begodu zenziwe ngcono.
Amazinga welimi
Ukufunda ilimi kuGreyidi 10-12 kufaka hlangana woke amalimi asemthethweni eSewula Afrika, okuyi-Afrikaans,
English, isiNdebele, isiXhosa, isiZulu, iSepedi (iSesotho sa Leboa), iSesotho, iSetswana, iSiswati, iTshivenda,
iXitsonga – kanye nelimi lamaTshwayo begodu namaLimi angasisemthethweni. Amalimi la angafundiswa
kumazinga ahlukileko welimi.
Ilimi leKhaya lilimi elifundwa qangi bafundi. Yeke, inengi leenkolo zeSewula Afrika aliwafundisi amanye amalimi
weKhaya wabanye abafundi nanyana boke abafundi abatlolisileko kodwana zibe namalimi amabili nanyana linye
eziwafundisa ezingeni lelimi lekhaya. Ekugcineni amagama afana neLimi leKhaya, iLimi lokuThoma lokwengeza
litjho amazinga wamakghono lapha ilimi lifundiswa khona, ingasi leKhaya nanyana elizuzwako (njengemalimini
wokwengeza.) Mayelana neminqopho yomgomo lo, okhunye nokhunye okutjhiwo ngelimi lekhaya kufanele
kuzwisiswe bona kutjho izinga ingasi ilimi ngokwalo.
Izinga leLimi leKhaya linikela ikghono lelimi elitjengisa isisekelo samakghono wokuthintana atholakala
ebujameni bezehlalakuhle kanye namakghono wefundo aqakathekileko wokufunda kiyo yoke ikharikhyulamu.
Kunokugandelelwa ekufundiseni amakghono wokulalela, wokukhuluma kanye newokutlola kilelizinga lefundo.
Izingeli linikela godu abafundi amakghono wezemitlolo, wokuzikhakhazisa ngobuhle nokubona izinto ngamehlo
wengqondo azabanikela ikghono lokwakha ngobutjha, ukubona ngamehlo wengqondo, nokwenza ngcono
ukuzwisisa iphasi abahlala kilo. Yeke ukugandelela kanye nesilinganiso sokukhuluma nokulalela ukusuka
kuGreyidi 7 ukuya phezulu kungaphasi kunalokho kwamakghono wokufunda nokutlola.
Izinga leLimi lokuThoma lokwEngeza kukholweka bona abafundi abamane babe nelinye nelinye ilwazi lelimi
lokha nabafika esikolweni. Ikharikhyulamu eminyakeni embalwa yokuthoma ithuthukisa amakghono wabafundi
wokuzwisisa kanye nokukhuluma ilimi– amakghono asisekelo wokuthintana ngokwakhe. KuGreyidi 2 no-3
abafundi bathoma ukwakha ilitheresi kilesisisekelo sokutjhiwo ngomlomo. Basebenzisa godu amakghono
welitheresi okungewokufunda nokutlola esele bawafundile ngelimi lekhaya. .
Kilesisigaba esiPhakatjhana nesiGaba esiphakathi, abafundi baragela phambili nokungezelela amakghonwabo
wokulalela, ukukhuluma, ukufunda kanye nokutlola. Kilesisigaba inengi labafundi lifunda ngeLimi lokuThoma
lokwEngeza, isiNdebele, begodu kufuneka bona balijayele. Kugandelelwa khulu ukobana kusetjenziswe ilimi
lokuthoma lokwEngeza mayelana nomnqopho wokucabanga nokucabangisisa. Lokhu kwenza bona abafundi
bakghone ukuthuthukisa amakghonwabo welemuko lokufunda, ebawafunela ukufunda iimfundo ezifana
neSayensi kanye nesiNdebele. Bazibandakanya khudlwana godu namatheksti wezemitlolo bese bathoma
ukuthuthuka ngokwamakghono wobukghwari kanye nokubona ngokwengqondo kuLimi lokwEngezelela.
Lokha abafundi nasele bafika kuGreyidi 10, kufanele kube sebayalikghona iLimi lokuThoma lokwEngeza
mayelana nacho kokubili amakghono welemuko lokufunda kanye namatjhebiswano wabantu. Yeke, iqiniso
kukobana abafundi abanengi nanje abakghoni ukukhulumisana nanyana ukuthintana kuhle ngeLimi lokweEngeza
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kilesisigaba. Iintjhijilo kuGreyidi 10-12, yeke, kunikela isekelo kilaba bafundi ngesikhathi esifanako nalokha
nabanikelwa ikharikhuylamu eyenza abafundi bakghone ukuhlangabezana namazinga afuneka kuGreyidi 12.
amazinga la kufanele abe ngendlela yokobana abafundi bakghone ukusebenzisa ilimi labo lokwengeza ezingeni
eliphezulu ukubalungiselela ifundo esezako nanyana iphasi lomsebenzi.
2.2 Iminqopho ekhethekileko yokufunda amalimi
Ukufunda ilimi kufanele kwenze abafundi bakghone ukwenza lokhu:
•
Ukufumana amakghono welimi adingekako wokufunda kiwo woke amazinga wekharikhyulamu.
•
Ukulalela, ukukhuluma, ukufunda/ukubukela, ukutlola/ukwethula ilimi ngokuzithemba nangethabo.
Amakghono la nemikghwa ibumba isisekelo mayelana nokufunda ubuphilo bomuntu boke.
•
Sebenzisa ilimi ngendlela efaneleko kutjhejwe abamukelilwazi, umnqopho begodu nobujamo
•
Ukutjho kanye nokunikela isizathu, ngomlomo nangokutlola, imibonwabo, imibono nokuthatheka
ngokuzithemba ukuze babe babantu abazijameleko nabakghona ukucabanga ngendlela yokuhlaba.
•
Ukusebenzisa ilimi nemicabangwabo ukuthola okunengi ngabo nangephasi elibazombileko. Lokhu
kuzakwenza bona bakghone ukutjho amalemukwabo nalokho abakutholako ngephasi bakutjho
ngomlomo nanyana ngokutlola.
•
Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukuthola begodu nokuphatha ilwazi mayelana nokufunda kiyo yoke ikharikhyulamu
kanye nakobunye ubujamo obunabileko. Ilwazi lokukghona ukufunda nokutlola lilwazi eliqakatheke khulu
‘emnyakeni welwazi’ begodu libumba isisekelo sokufunda ubuphilo boke.
•
Ukusebenzisa ilimi njengesisetjenziswa sokucabanga ngokuhlaba nangobukghwari; mayelana
nokutjengisa imibonwabo ngeendaba zemikghwa; mayelana nokuhlanganisa ngelihlo lokuhlaba
namatheksti anabileko ahlukeneko; mayelana nokutjhijila izinto ezihlukileko, imikghwa nokuhlobana
ngokwamandla angaphakathi kwamatheksti; begodu nokufunda amatheksti ngokweminqopho
ehlukileko, efana nokuzithabisa, irhubhululo nokuhlaba. Ukuzuza amakghono welimi mayelana
nokufunda kiyo yoke ikharikhyulamu
2. 3. Isirhunyezo sekharikhyulamu yelimi
Ikharikhyulamu le ihlelwe ngokukhambisana namakghono , okumumethweko kanye namaqhinga alandelako:
Ukulalela
• Ikambiso yokulalela
•
•
•
o
Ukulungiselela ukulalela
o
Nakulalelweko
o
Ngemva kokulalela
Ukulalela ukobana uthole ilwazi elithileko
Ukulalela ukobana uhlabe begodu uhlole
Ukulalelela ukuzithabisa
Amakghono welimi
Ukufunda nokubukela
•
Ikambiso yokufunda
o Ukulungiselela ukufunda
o Ukufunda
o Ngemva kokufunda
•
Amaqhinga asetjenziswa nakufundwako
•
Ukuthuthukisa ilwazi-magama nokusebenzisa ilimi
•
Ukwakha imitjho kanye nokuhlela amatheksti
•
Amatshwayo wamatheksti wezemitlolo
Ukukhuluma
• Ikambiso yokukhuluma kanye namaqhinga
o Ukutlama, ukurhubhulula kanye nokuhlela
o Ukwethula
•
Amatshwayo neenkambiso zamatheksti wokuthintana
ngomlomo
Ukutlola nokwethula
Ukutlola okulandela ikambiso.
•
Ukutlama/ukulungiselela ukutlola
•
Ukutlama
•
Ukubuyekeza
•
Uku-editha
•
Ukufunda ngomnqopho wokulungisa iimphoso
•
Ukwethula
•
Izakhi nemithetho yelimi kukambiso yokutlola
•
Amatshwayo wamatheksti akhiqiziweko
Izakhi zelimi kanye nemithetho
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2.4 Isisekelo sokufundisa amakghono welimi
Ukulalela nokukhuluma kuzizinto eziqakathekileko zokufunda zoke iimfundo. Ngokwamaqhinga afaneleko
wokukhuluma nokulalela, abafundi babuthelela bahlanganise ilwazi, ukwakha ilwazi, ukurarulula imiraro, bese
nokutjho imibono. Amakghono wokulalela ngelihlo elihlabako enza bona abafundi bakghone ukubona
imikghwa kanye nobugugu obungaphakathi kwamatheksti kanye nokutjhijila ilimi elithatha ubuhlangothi
kanye neliyengako. Woke amakghono la womlomo adluliswa ngezakhiwo ezifaneleko zelimi. Ukufunda
isakhiwo selimi kufanele kusize ukuthintana kuhle bese kuhlanganiswa nemisebenzi yelimi eendaweni
ezihlukeneko zehlalakuhle. , isib. Ukutjho lokho okucatjangwako nanyana imizwa, ukwethula abantu,
ukunikela imilayo. Amakghono wokulalela afundiswako azakulawulwa mhlobo wetheksti yomlomo kanye
neminqopho mlaleli.
Ukufunda nokubukela kuqakatheke tle ekufundeni ngepumelelo ikharikhyulamu yoke, kanye
nekuzibandakanyeni ngokuzeleko emphakathini begodu nephasi lomsebenzi. Abafundi bayathuthuka ngekghono
lokufunda kuhle kanye nokubukela imitlolo ngobubanzi bayo namatheksti angasiyo imitlolo, kufakwe hlangana
amatheksti abukelwako. Abafundi balemuka indlela imitlolo kanye nerejista ezitjengisa ngakhona umnqopho ,
abamukelilwazi kanye nobujamo betheksti. Ukuzwisiswa nokuhlathululwa kwamamethiriyali atloliweko
nabonwako kulawulwa lilwazi labafundi lezakhiwo zelimi, nemithetho kanye namalemukwabo wepilo. Izakhiwo
zelimi zisiza abafundi ukobana bazwisise indlela amatheksti abunjwa ngayo. Abafundi kufanele basebenzise
amaqhinga wokulungiselela ukufunda, ukufunda kanye nangemva kokufunda okumaqhinga abasiza ukobana
bazwisise begodu barhumutjhe imihlobo eminengi yamatheksti, isib. Ukubonela phambili, ukuhlathulula,
ukuhlola. Abafundi kufanele basebenzise amaqhinga wokulungiselela ukufunda afana nokuskima kanye
nokuskena amatshwayo wamatheksti, ingcenye yencwadi kanye nesakhiwo sendima/amatheksti bese bafunda
indlela anikela ngayo ehlathululeni. Abafundi kufanele basizwe ukobana bazuze ilwazi-magama ngokufunda
imihlobo ehlukeneko yamatheksti. Ngokwesigaba sokugcinesi sokufunda, yeke inengi lemisebenzi le izakutlhoga
ukugandelelwa emntwini ngamunye: ibe yingcenye yeragelo phambili labafundi ngokwesigaba esandulelako.
Ukutlola (nokwethula) kuvumela abafundi ukobana bakhe begodu baveze imicabango nemibono ngendlela
efaneleko. Ukuzijayeza ukunande utlola amatheksti amanengi ahlukahlukeneko, imisebenzi kanye nezinye
iimfundo kwenza abafundi bakghone ukukhulumisana kuhle nangendlela yobukghwari. Umnqopho kukhiqiza
abatloli abanekghono, ,abatjhugulukako abasebenzisa amakghonwabo ukuthuthukisa bese bethule ukutlola
okufaneleko, amatheksti abonwako ngokweminqopho ehlukeneko. Ilwazi lezakhiwo zelimi kanye namatjhuguluko
azakwenza abafundi bakghone ukukhiqiza amatheksti afaneleko nazwakalako. Izakhiwo zelimi kufanele
zifundiselwe ukwakha amatheksti kubujamo bokusetjenziswa kwazo. Ukusetjenziswa kwezakhiwo zelimi
akukafaneli kube nomkhawulo ekuphenyweni kwemitjho efihlekileko. Kufanele kuhlathulule indlela imitjho
eyakhiwa ngayo ukubumba amatheksti apheleleko afana neendatjana , ama-eseyi, iincwadi nemibiko leyo
abafundi abafunda ukuyifunda nokuyitlola esikolweni.
Amakghono angehla la kufanele ahlanganiswe. Ekuhlanganiseni amakghono la, ukutjheja ikghono elilodwa
kungabangela ukuphrakthiswa ngakwelinye ihlangothi. Isibonelo, umfundi ozibandakanya kukulumo-pikiswano
uzakufunda i-eseyi ephikisanako/ emahlangothi mabili bese ukhiqiza yakhe i-eseyi ephikisanako/ emahlangothi
mabili asebenzise izakhiwo zelimi ezifana namagama aphikisanako kanye natjho okufanako, ukulandula kanye
neenhlanganiso , njll.
Izakhi nemithetho yelimi zidlala indima eqakathekileko ekuzwisiseni nekukhiqizeni amatheksti womlomo
natloliweko bese kufanele kuhlanganiswe namakghono welimi avezwe ngehla.
2.5 Iindlela zokufundisa ilimi
Iindlela zokufundisa ilimi kilomtlolo ngilezi ezilandelako:
Indlela edzimelele emathekstini, indlela yokufundisa ilimi ngendlela yokulisebenzisa, indlela yokuhlanganisa
kanye nendlela eyame ekambisweni
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Indlela edzimelele emathekstini (text-based approach) nendlela yokufundisa ilimi ngendlela
yokulisebenzisa (communicative approach) zombili ziyame ekusetjenzisweni okuragako kwamatheksti
akhiqiziweko
Indlela edzimelela ethekstini ifundisa abafundi ukobana babe nekghono, bazithembe begodu babe bafundi
abakghona ukuhlaba izinto, babe batloli, babe bamukelilwazi begodu babe batlami bamatheksti. Lokhu kufaka
hlangana ukulalela, ukubukela, kanye nokuphenya amatheksti ukuzwisisa indlela akhiqizwa ngayo nokobana
imiphumelayo iyini. Ngendlela le yokuhlanganisa ngokuhlabako, abafundi bathuthukisa ikghono lokuhlola
amatheksti. Amatheksti wamambala ngiwo kwaphela amthombo wokumunyethweko kanye nobujamo
bokuthintana, ifundo ehlanganisiweko nokufundiswa kwamalimi. Indlela edzimelele kumatheksti ifaka hlangana
godu nokukhiqiza imihlobo ehlukeneko yamatheksti mayelana nomnqopho kanye nabamukelilwazi abathileko.
Lendlela ivezwa kuzwisisa indlela amatheksti akhiwa ngayo.
Indlela yokufundisa ilimi ngendlela yokulisebenzisa (Communicative Approach) iphakamisa bona lokha
nakufundwa ilimi, umfundi kufanele abe mumuntu okhulela kilo begodu abe namathuba amanengi
wokuliphrakthisa nanyana wokulikhiqiza. Abafundi bafunda ukufunda ngokufunda izinto ezinengi bese bafunda
ukutlola ngokutlola izinto ezinengi.
Indlela edzimelele ekambisweni isetjenziswa lokha abafundi nabakhiqiza amatheksti womlomo natlolwako.
Abafundi bazibandakanya eengabeni ezihlukeneko zokulalela, ukukhuluma, ukufunda kanye nekambiso
yokutlola. Kufanele bacabange ngabamukelilwazi kanye nomnqopho nakwenziwa iinkambiswezi. Lokhu
kuzabenza bakghone ukuthintana nokutjho lokho abafuna ukukutjho ngendlela abafuna ngayo. Isibonelo
Ukufundiswa kokutlola akutjheji umkhiqizo kwaphela kodwana kutjheja godu nomnqopho kanye neenkambiso
zokutlola. Ngesikhathi sekambiso yokutlola abafundi bafundiswa indlela yokubuthelela imibono, ukucabanga
ngomnqopho kanye nabamukelilwazi, ukutlola imitlamo, uku-editha imisebenzabo kanye nokwethula umkhiqizo
otloliweko oveza indlela imibonwabo evezwe ngakhona.
Iindlela zokufundisa zemitlolo
Isizathu esiqakathekileko sokufunda imitlolo ngetlasini kuthuthukiswe kubafundi ukukhathalela ukusebenzisa ilimi
eliphambili, lemitlolo, leenthombe-ngqondo, isitjengiso, kanye nezwakala khulu kunokunengi kwalokho
abangakufunda. Lokha nangabe yoke imitlolo eminengi iba yindlela yokuzithabisa, ithabo nanyana ukuziveza,
abafundi abazimiseleko bakha amanovela, imidlalo kanye neenkondlo ngombana banemibono, imicabango
kanye nezinto, imigomo, imibono kanye neenkolelo abafuna ukwabelana ngazo esikhathini esinengi nanyana
ukuveza kubafundi babo abaqakathekileko. Ukusebenzisa kwabo ilimi ngokwengqondo kungenye indlela
engeziweko yokutjengisa, ukungezelela, kanye nokutjengisa imibonwabo.
Ukufundisa zemitlolo akusilula nakancani, kodwana akukghoneki ngaphandle komcabango nokuveza ngendlela
ethembekileko kanye neemphakamiso ezibuya kubafundi ngokwabo. Ngaphandle kwalokha nangabe bafunda
ukuzwisisa umtlolo ngokwabo, bazabe bangakafundi izinto ezinengi. Abotitjhere esikhathini esinengi kufanele
babambe zabo iinhlathululo kanye nemibono yamatheksti wemitlolo, bese bavumela abafundi ukobana
bazibandakanye ngobunengi babo. Iinhlathululo azikaphathelani nokulungileko kanye nokungakalungi.
Zimayelana nokurhubhulula lokho okufaneleko kumfundi.
Iindlela ezihle zokuqalana nokufundiswa kwezemitlolo kuzakufaka hlangana okhunye nanyana koke
okulandelako.
•
Yenza yoke imizamo yokufunda amatheksti amanengi ngetlasini ngaphandle kokulisa uqale omunye
umsebenzi. Lokhu akukafaneli bona kuthathe iimveke ezidlula kwezimbili. Kuqakathekile ukobana abafundi
baba nombono otjhatjhalazi walokho okwenzekako esisekelweni sezinga letheksti. Ukuthatha isikhathi eside
ekufundeni itheksti kubuyiselana emva ekuzwisiseni tjhatjhalazi umuda wokucoca kanye nesakhiwo. Amanye
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amatlasi angafunda amatheksti ngaphandle kwesekelo elinjalo. Lokho kukhuthazeka. Iinkondlo kufanele
zifundiswe. Fundani ezinengi ngetlasini ngendlela eningakghona ngayo, begodu nenze isiqiniseko sokobana
abafundi nabo bayazitlola.
•
Ukuhlathulula imitlolo kuhle kuhle kumsebenzi owenziwa ezingeni leyunivesithi, begodu abafundi kilesisigaba
akukafaneli bafunde lizinga eliphezulweli lokuhlathulula. Yeke, umnqopho opheleleko wokufundisa imitlolo
yezemitlolo kutjengisa abafundi indlela ilimi labo lekhaya elingasetjenziswa ngakhona ngokuzeleko,
ngokuhlakanipha, ngokomcabango kanye nangesitayela. Lokhu kutjho ukuqala kuhle indlela itheksti ebunjwe
nanyana eyakhiwe ngayo, esetjenziswe ngayo begodu nendlela ehlelwe ngobutjha ngayo ukobana
ihlathulule begodu igandelele lokho okuvezwako. Imisebenzi enjalo ingafaka hlangana ukuhlola ukuba khona
nanyana ukungabi khona kweenthombe-ngqondo; umhlobo wesithombe-ngqondo okhethwe mtloli nokobana
kubayini; izakhiwo zemitjho kanye neendima, nanyana isakhiwo semitjho; ukukhetha amagama,
ukusetjenziswa kwetshwayo, itjhada nombala lapha kufuneka khona. Inengi lemisebenzi le kufanele
idzimelele kumatheksti, kodwana iphenyo lomuda nomuda kwenye nenye itheksti akusizi emininingwaneni
yakhona.
•
Ukutlola ngobukghwari kufanele kukhambisane kuhle nesifundo senye nenye itheksti yezemitlolo. Ukutlola
imisebenzi efuna ilwazi letheksti efundwako kungatjengisa ukuba nesizo khulu ekuzuzeni amazinga
amanengi wobukghwari wokuthabela kungcenye yabafundi. Iingcoco zangetlasini zingaba lisizo tle ikani
woke umuntu abandakanyeka. Kodwana iingcoco zangetlasini ezibangela ukutlolwa kwemisebenzi
zitjengisa umnqopho obonakalako bese zenza kokubili kuzuze.
•
Kwamaswaphelo, kuqakathekile ukutjengisa bona zemitlolo azikhulumi kwaphela ngeempendulo
ezifaneleko: umnqopho wokobana, isib. Ikondlo ingatjho okhunye nokhunye ikani umuntu ‘angasekela lokho’
ngokwetheksti akusilo iqiniso begodu kubangela bona kube khona ubutjhapha bokucabanga ngeendlela
zemitlolo ezisebenza ngakhona. Itheksti epheleleko itjho okuthileko, ingasi kwaphela iingcenyana zayo,
ukufundwa okuhle kwetheksti kuhlanganisa itheksti yoke ekuhlathululeni, ubukghwari, komuntu ngamunye,
kanye nezenzo zokuhlola.
2.6 Ukwabiwa kwesikhathi kukharikhyulamu
Ilimi lekhaya kukharikhyulamu lidzimelele kuma-iri ama-4.5 qobe yiveke eemvekeni ezima-40 zomnyaka woke
wekhalenda. Koke okumunyethweko elimini kwethulwa ngokomzombe weemveke ezimbili, okutjho bona ma-iri
ali-9 qobe mzombe weemveke ezimbili. Abotitjhere akukafaneli bona balandele lomzombe njengombana unjalo
kodwana kufanele baqinisekise bona amakghono welimi, khulukhulu ukufunda nokutlola kuphrakthiswa kanengi.
isikhathi esibekiweko mayelana namakghono welimi ahlukeneko kuGreyidi 12 ziimveke ezima-30. iimveke
ezilitjhumi zenzelwe iminqopho yeenhlahlubo.
Itheyibula yesikhathi kufanele inikele ithuba lesikhathi esibuyelelwa kabili qobe yiveke.
Emzombeni weemveke ezimbili ukwabiwa kwesikhathi esilandelako mayelana namakghono wamalimi
ahlukeneko kuyaphakamiswa:
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Amakghono
Ukwabiwa kwesikhathi
qobe mzombe weemveke
ezimbili (Ama-iri)
%
*Ukulalela nokukhuluma
1
10
*Ukufunda nokubukela: Isifundo sokuzwisisa kanye
4
45
nezemitlolo
*Ukutlola nokwethula
4
45
* Izakhiwo zelimi nokusetjenziswa kuyahlanganiswa hlangana nesikhathi esabiweko samakghono angehla.
2.7 Iindingo zokufundisa ilimi lekhaya njengesifundo
•
Umfundi ngamunye kufanele abe ne:
(a) Incwadi yokufunda ilimi ephumelelisiweko
(b) Imitlolo elandelako ngephumelelisiweko/imitlolo eqintiweko
•
Inovela/Umtlolo-ndabuko
•
Umdlalo
•
Iinkondlo
(c) Isihlathululi-mezwi
(d) Imethiriyali yamaphephandaba: ibuthelelo lamaphephandaba kanye nemagazini
•
Utitjhere kufanele abe nalokhu:
(a) Ikharikhyulamu kanye nomThetho-kambiso weSitatimende sokuHlola
(b) UmThetho-kambiso weLimi kwezeFundo (i-LiEP)
(c) Incwadi Yokufunda yelimi esetjenziswa bafundi nezinye iincwadi zokufunda mayelana nemithombo
nanyana neensetjenziswa ezingezelela amatheksti aphumelelisiweko
(d) Imitlolo elandelako ngephumelelisiweko/imitlolo eqintiweko
o Inovela/Umtlolo-ndabuko
o Umdlalo
o Iinkondlo
(e) Iinhlathululi-mezwi
(f) Amamethiriyali weenrhatjhi: Amaphephandaba ahlukeneko, abomagazini kanye namabhrotjha
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ISIGABA 3
AMAKGHONO, OKUMUNYETHWEKO, AMAQHINGA NEMITLAMO YOKUFUNDISA
Isigabesi sihlukaniswe iingcenye EZIMBILI: ihlathululo yamakghono, okumunyethweko kanye namaqhinga
begodu nemiTlamo yokuFundisa.
3.1 Ukulalela nokuKhuluma
Ikambiso yokulalela
• Ukulungiselela ukulalela
• Nakulalelweko
• Ngemva kokulalela
• Ukulungiselela ukulalela
o Hlela ubujamo
o Khuthaza ikareko
o Ilwazi-magama elimajadu
o Ukutjho okumunyethweko
o Ukukhuthaza Ilwazi elikhona
o Ukwakha ilwazi langaphambilini
o Ukubuyekeza amazinga wokulalela
o Ukwakha umnqopho
•
Nakulalelweko
o Tsenga
¾ Umlayezo
¾ Isikhulumi
¾ Ubufakazi besikhulumi, ukucabanga kanye nokufunwa kuthatheka
o Ukuhlanganisa izinto ngokwengqondo
o Ukuthola ihlathululo
o Ukubuza imibuzo
o Ukuthatha iinqunto nokuqinisekisa okusezako
o Ukutjengisa nokuhlola
•
Ngemva kokulalela
o Buza imibuzo
o Khuluma ngalokho isikhulumi esikutjhwileko
o Rhunyeza isethulo ngomlomo
o Buyekeza amanothi
o Tsenga uhlole khudlwana lokho abakuzwileko
o Zibandakanye emsebenzini ethuthukisa imiqondo efundiweko
o Tjengisa lokho okwethuliweko
Ukulalela ngomnqopho welwazi elithileko
Ukulalela, ingasi ukuzwa kwaphela, kuhlala kuqakathekile kwenye nenye ipendulo ehlakaniphileko ephasini
elisizombileko. Ephasini lapha ithekhnoloji esele yakhe ukuthunyelwa kwamatjhada, amezwi, umvumo kanye
12 | P a g e
nokukhuluma, ukufunda ukulalela lokho kwaphela okuqakathekileko nanyana okuhle kuba ngokuqakatheke
khulu. Inengi lalokho okutlolwe ngehla, okwenzeka ngeendlela ezihlukileko zendlela yokulalela ,angeze
kwaba ngokujayelekileko kubafundi kilesi sigaba begodu abotitjhere batlhoga ukusebenza ngeenkambiso
ezinjalo kwaphela njengombana bacabanga bona itlasi yabo isazitlhoga.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ukukhuthaza/ ukwenza ilwazi langaphambili lisebenze ngaphambi kokulalela
Ukuthola umnqopho wesikhulumi
Ukunikela itjhejo elizeleko emisebenzini yokulalela bese utjengisa ikareko
Ukufuna ihlathululo
Ukuhlola ukuzwisiswa komlayezo ngokwenza ukuhlanganisa, ukwenza nokuqinisekisa lokho
okubonelwa phambili, ukuthatha iinqunto, ukuhlola kanye nokutjengisa.
Ukwenza umdwebo wamanothi azwakalako, ukuhlanganisa,ukuhlela, ukurhunyeza, ukwenza
amarhelo wokuhlola, ukucoca, ukubuyelela, ukuhlathulula
Ukuhlukanisa umlayezo kilowo wesikhulumi
Ukutjheja okumunyethweko nemibala yamagama
Ukuqala, ukurhumutjha nokuhlola imilayezo
Ukuqala imibono eqakathekileko kanye nesekelako
Ikambiso yelwazi ngokwenza lokhu: ukulalela imiyalo, ukuzalisa iinkhala, ukubona imahluko,
ukutshwaya izinto, ukudlulisa ilwazi, ukulandelanisa, ukumadanisa, ukurhumutjha ihlathululo
Ilandelela ngalokho okwethuliweko ngokwenza lokhu: ukuphendula imibuzo, ukubuyekeza amanothi,
ukuhlela imibono, ukurhunyeza, ukuhlathulula, ukutjengisa, ukukhuluma nanyana ukutlola.
Ukulalela ngomnqopho wokutsenga kanye nokuhlola
Inengi leenkambiso ezivezwe ngenzasi ziyasiza lokha nakufundwa amatheksti wezemitlolo; wemikhangiso
kanye nemitlolo yepolotiki. Ngemva komsebenzi wokulalela, esikhathini esinengi abotitjhjere banikela
amathuba wengcoco, kodwana kuba kuhle godu ukwenza imisebenzi le ibe ngetlolwako. Isirhunyezo
salokho okukhutjhwe etjhadeni lefilimi, isib. Kungasetjenziselwa ukuthoma ingcoco (“Khuyini kuhlekuhle
okuzwako? Yenza bona kuzwakale”).Ukukhethwa kwenani labozwelo-magama ekulumeni, nanyana
ekondlweni efundwako nakho kungafakwa hlangana esitokaneni sokutlola kuhle kokumunyethweko.
Ukufaka hlangana amagama esitatimendeni salokho okungakhambisaniko nalokho okutjhiweko ekulumeni;
nanyana sebenzisa amagama ekondlwenakho ukuze ukuzwisisa kwakho kwamagama kuzwakale.
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Ukulemuka nokurhumutjha ilimi elenza umuntu alandele lokho okutjhoko, izwelo-magama kanye
nelinobuhlangothi begodu nelinomqondo ongatjhugulukiko
Ukuhlukanisa hlangana kwamaphuzu nemibono
Ukutjengisa ilemuko lokurhumutjha iphimbo, ibelo kanye nokusebenzisa ilimi
Ukuphendula esitayeleni, iphimbo kanye nerejista bese uhlola ngendlela efaneleko
Ukuzwisisa ukulandelana kuhle kwelwazi
Ukuthatha iinqunto nokunikela ubufakazi
Ukuza neemphakamiso kanye nokubonela phambili imiphumela
Ukuziphendulela ekusetjenzisweni kwelimi, ukukhetha amagama, ukuwahlela kanye nokuphimisa.
Ukulalelela ukubuka
Imisebenzi yokulalela le iphrakthiswa yenziwe/ ivela kuhle kukulumo-pikiswano, engcocweni yeenqhema
ezincani nakwezinye iingcoco ezihlelekileko. Ukubukela amatlibhu kumafilimu nakho kungaba lisizo
ekutsengeni izinto ezinjalo njengombana zirhenyiswe ngenzasi.
o
o
o
o
Ukuziphendulela ebujameni bokuthintana
Sebenzisa imithetho yokudlhegana eengcocweni
Buza imibuzo ukutjheja ukuthintana
Ukuziphendulela elimini, ukukhuluma ngamehlo kanye nelimi lomzimba
13 | P a g e
o
Ukutjengisa ukuzwisisa itjhebiswano hlangana kwelimi kanye nesiko ngokutjengisa ihlonipho mayelana
nemithetho yamasiko
Ukukhuluma
Nangabe abafundi ekugcineni kwesigabesi efundwenabo bangakhuluma kuhle, bafunde begodu lula bazabe
bazuze into ehle khulu eempilweni zabo, ngokwabo nangeziqu abanazo. Ukwakha ukuzithemba kokhu
kuqakatheke khulu kunelinye nelinye iqhinga nanyana iqhinga lokukhuluma esitjhabeni. Abafundi kufanele
bazi bona lokha nabakhulumako angeze bahlekwa nanyana benziwe ihlaya, begodu kufanele baqinisekiswe
bona utitjhere uzabasekela ngokuzeleko begodu abakhuthaze ngaso soke isikhathi.
Abafundi bafundiswe inengi lamaqhinga asisekelo sokunikela ikulumo ehle ngaphasi kwesigabesi. Fundisa
itlasi lokho abatlhoga ukukufunda.
Ukufundiswa kokukhuluma kufanele kufake hlangana ilwazi lekambiso kanye namaqhinga wokuthintana.
Ikambiso yokukhuluma kanye namaqhinga
Ikambiso yokukhuluma imumethe iingaba ezilandelako:
• Ukutlama, ukurhubhulula kanye nokuhlela
• Ukuphrakthisa
• Ukwethula
Ukutlama, ukurhubhulula kanye nokuhlela
Abafundi kufanele bakghone ukutjengisa ukutlama, ukurhubhulula kanye namakghono wokuhlela mayelana
nokwethulwa ngokomlomo ngokwenza lokhu:
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Ukusebenzisa irejista, isitayela kanye nephimbo ngokuya kwabamukelilwazi, umnqopho, ubujamo
nommongo
Ukusebenzisa ilimi elifaneleko
Ukutjengisa ilemuko lendlela yokusetjenziswa kwelimi ngokunikela amaphuzu kanye nokuveza imibono
ngokwehlathululo ebonakalako nesetjenziswako
Ukutjengisa kanye nokuveza imikghwa yabo kanye neendlela zokwenza, ubuhlangothi, ukuthinta imizwa,
ilimi eliyengako nelidlelezelako
Ukusetjenziswa kwemithombo nanyana iinsetjenziswa namamatheriyali imithombo efana neenhlathululimezwi kanye namathesarasi ukukhetha ilwazi-magama elifaneleko nelinembako bese kwethulwa izethulo
kusetjenziswe amanothi kanye nesekelo, ziinsiza zokulalela nezokubona kanye namagrafu ukwenza
ngcono ukufuneka nokukhamba kuhle kwezethulo.
Ukwethula
Abafundi kufanele bakghone ukutjengisa amakghono wokwethula izinto ngomlomo:
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Ukukhuluma bunqopha nabamukelilwazi
Ukutjengisa imithombo nanyana iinsetjenziswa ezinengi ezifaneleko okuqalwe kizo, kufakwe hlangana
imihlobo yamaphuzu kanye neembonelo ngokukhambisana neendingo zemisebenzi
Ukusebenzisa iingeniso ezinembako kanye neemphetho ezinamandla, ukuthuthukisa imibono kanye
nemibono ngendlela etjhatjhalazi, nefaneleko, ukubeka ikulumo izwakale inembe begodu ubalekele ibuyelelo
elinganamsebenzi
Ukusebenzisa izakhiwo zokuhlela ezifana nokulandelana, iinhloko, unobangela wento,ukumadanisa,
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isisombululo somraro ukwazisa nokuyenga
Ukusebenzisa iphimbo elifaneleko
Ukwethula nokwenza ngcono ikulumo-pikiswano kanye nokukhetha imihlobo efaneleko yobufakazi (isib.
Iimbalobalo, ubufakazi, izinto ezithileko) okuhlangabezana neenhlahlubo ezisezingeni elifaneleko
mayelana nobufakazi, kufakwe hlangana indlela ehle, ukuba semthethweni kanye nokukhambisana
Ukusebenzisa iindlela zokwethula ezifaneleko kanye nokubuyelelwa: bomma nabobaba; ngifuna
ukugandelela bona…
Ukusebenzisa ikhetho lamagama elifaneleko, izakhiwo zelimi kanye nemithetho yelimi
Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga womlomo nalokho okungakhulunywa ngomlomo (isib. Iphimbo, ilizwi/ibelo,
ukuhlela, ukusebenzisa amehlo, ukusebenzisa ubuso kanye nelimi lomzimba) mayelana nezethulo
Amatshwayo kanye nemithetho yelimi yamatheksti wokuthintana ngomlomo
Ikulumo elungiselelweko
Koke okurhenyiswe ngaphasi kokwethula kufakiwe lapha:
Ikulumo engakalungiselelwa
• Sebenzisa iphimbo, ilizwi, ukuqalana ngamehlo, ijamo kanye namatshwayo
• Sebenzisa ilwazi-magama elifaneleko nelinembako kanye nezakhiwo zelimi
• Ukusebenzisa isingeniso esifaneleko kanye nesiphetho.
Ukuhlunga/ ama-inthavyu
• Sebenzisa ukubuza, ukuyenga, ukutlola amanothi, ukurhunyeza, amakghono wokulalela nokungakhulunywa
ngomlomo ngendlela efaneleko
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Ukutlama nokulungiselela: ukubona iminqopho, ilwazi elindlalelako, isirhunyezo, imibuzo, isikhathi, indawo,
ukulandelana, ibhoduluko elibonakalako (qala amatshwayo wokutlola)
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Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga wokuhlunga eengabeni:
Isethulo (ukuziqalela, ukutjho umnqopho)
Ukwakha ukuzithemba
Imibuzo (buza imibuzo ebudisi ukuya kwelula, imibuzo efaneleko, sebenzisa ilimi elifaneleko,
elihloniphekileko neliyengako; ukulalela kuhle; hlola iimpendulo, phendula kuhle ukutjengisa ilwazi)
Isirhunyezo (ukutlola phasi iimpendulo ngokutlola amanothi, ukurhunyeza; ukulandelanisa kanye nokuhlela
iimpendulo kanye nemininingwana eqakathekileko ngokulandelana kwayo)
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Ukuvala (thokoza abahlungwako; nikela imininingwana ongathintwa kiyo)
Ukwethula isikhulumi
• Ukwethula isikhulumi kubamukelilwazi ngokuzeleko nangendlela efaneleko.
Ukutlama, ukulungiselela kanye nokwethula
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Faka hlangana ilimi elihlelekileko ukwamukela kanye nokwethula isikhulumi. Ungazami ukuhlekisa.
ilwazi elifaneleko esikhulumini nelimi abazakufuna ukulitjho
Thola esikhulumini lokho esingathanda bona kusetjenziswe ku-CV
Nikela ilwazi lobujamo obufaneleko
• Nikela umlando omfitjhani wesikhulumi ngamabizelo wesikolo, iimfundo, umlando womsebenzi
• Itjho lokho athanda ukukwenza nalokho akuthandako kwaphela nangabe kukhambisana nobujamo
bekulumo
• Veza iimfundo eziphakemeko umfundi azizuzileko
• Yenza isingeniso sikhambisane nomgomo wokukhuluma, isibonelo, kubayini isikhulumi besimenywe
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ukukhuluma emnyanyeni
Veza ibizo lesikhulumi ekugcineni bese wenza isiqiniseko bonyana sisizwe khuhle amabizo waso
Yenza isingeniso sibe sifitjhani: abamukelilwazi bezile ukuzokulalela isikhulumi, ingasi umuntu
osethulako
Ukuthokoza
Nikela ukuthokoza isikhulumi ngemva kokwethula ikulumo kubamukelilwazi
• Tlama, lungiselela bese uyethula ngokwenza lokhu
• Ulalele isikhulumi kuhle, uveze okhunye okuqakathekileko akuvezileko ekulumenakhe
• Bamba amaphuzu aqakathekileko awavezileko ekulumenakhe, isib. Thokoza isikhulumi mayelana nokuveza
imibono nanyana izinto egade zingaziwa ngaphambilini
• Ukuthokoza akube kufitjhani kunembe
Ingcoco yephaneli i/ingcoco
• Isikhulumi ngasinye sikhuluma ngephuzu elithile ngesihloko
• Ukusetjenziswa kwemithetho yemitjhwana
• Imisebenzi kasihlalo
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Ukwenza kulawuleke
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Ukuphatha isikhathi
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Ukutjheja i-ajenda
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Ukukhuthaza ukuzibandakanya
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Ukungathathi ihlangothi
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Ukwenza iimphakamiso nanyana amavowudu
Ingcoco engakahleleki/ ikulumiswano
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Ukuthoma nokwenza kube nekulumiswano
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Imithetho yokudlhegana
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Ukuvikela umbono
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ukucocisana
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Zalisa isikhala bese ukhuthaza isikhulumi
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Ukwabelana ngemibono namalemuko kanye nokutjengisa ukuzwisisa imiqondo
Ikulumo-pikiswano
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Isisombululo: isitatimande esimayelana nokuthi ngiziphi iinqhema ezimbili eziphikisanako isib.
Abesana bangcono kunabantazana
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Ukuphika: hlathulula bona kubayini esinye isiqhema singavumelani nesinye
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Iinkhulumi ezivumelana nesihloko: zivumelana nesisombululo/ lokho okuphakanyiswako. Isiqhema
esivumelana nesihloko ngaso soke isikhathi sinomraro wokufakazela lokho abakutjhoko bebabe
ngebokugcina kukulumo-pikiswano
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Iinkhulumi eziphikisako: Ziphikisa isisombululo ngokwethula lokho okungakhambisani nabakutjhoko
bese bayakusekela
Iinkambiso zekulumo-pikiswano
• Isihloko kanye nepikiswano yokuthoma ivezwa sikhulumi sokuthoma esivumelana nesihloko
• Ipikiswano yokuthoma ivezwa sikhulumi sokuthoma esiphikisana nesihloko
• Isikhulumi sesibili esivumelana nesihloko siveza ipikiswano yesiqhema saso
• Isikhulumi sesibili esiphikisana nesihloko siveza ipikiswano yesiqhema saso
• Isiqhema esivumako nesiphikisako sinikelwa imizuzu emi-5 ukuya kweli-10 yokuphumula ukobana senze
amalungiselelo weempikiswano zazo. Isiqhema ngasinye sikatelelekile ukuphikisa lokho okutjhiwo balingani
babo bese bakha ngobutjha bavikele amaphuzwabo.
• Isiqhema esiphikisako sinikela waso amaphuzu amabili ukuphikisana nesiqhema esivumako bese sinikela
iinzathu zaso ezimbili.
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Isiqhema esivumako siveza amaphuzu amabili ukuphikisana nesiqhema esiphikisako bese sinikela iinzathu
zaso ezimbili.
3.2 Ukufunda nokubukela
Ingcenye le iphathelene nekambiso yokufunda nokubukela kanye namaqhinga asetjenziswa mayelana nesifundo
sokuzwisisa kanye nokuthokozela kokubili amatheksti wezemitlolo nalayo angasiwo wezemitlolo.
Imilayo yokufunda esikhathini esinengi kufaka hlangana ukusebenza ngokwama-elemende wendlela yokufunda.
Lo msebenzi weengaba ezintathu ehlela amaqhinga wokufunda mayelana nokuhlelisisa nokuzwisisa
ithekstijenziswa. Ingasi woke amagadango wekambiso nanyana indlela le azakusetjenziswa ngaso soke isikhathi.
Isibonelo, nangabe abafundi bafunda umhlobo wetheksti nanyana womtlolo ongakajayeleki, kuzakutlhogeka bona
balungiselele umsebenzi wokufunda qangi obayelelisa ngamatshwayo womhlobo wetheksti lo, bese bahlanganisa
namalemukwabo. Umsebenzi wokufunda uzabasiza bona bakghone ukutsenga isakhiwo sakho kanye
namatshwayo welimi ngokuzeleko. Ngemva kokufunda kungafaka hlangana abafundi emzameni wokukhiqiza
ngobutjha umtlolo kutheksti engeyabo etloliweko.
Indlela yokufunda
1. Ukulungiselela ukufunda kwethula abafundi kutheksti. Kululubeza iinhlanganiso kanye nelwazi
langaphambilini.
• Ukuskima nokuskena amatshwayo wetheksti: amathayitlela, iinhloko, iinhlokwana okubonwako kanye nelwazi
lamagrafu, isib. Amafonti nokunombora, ukuhleleka, ama-ayikhoni, imifanekiso, amagrafu, amatjhadi,
imidwebo, amamebhe, amamenyu, iindlela zokusetjha amagama, njll.
• Ukuskima nokuskena iingcenye zencwadi, isib. Ikhasi lethayitlela, okumunyethweko, isahluko, iglozari,
indeksi, i-aphendiksi, okutlolwa phasi emtlolweni, njll.
• Ukubonela phambili kusetjenziswe ilimi elitholwe nakuskinywako nalokha nakuskenywako.
• Ukuqalana nelinye nelinye ilwazi-magama okungenzeka libe ngilelo abafundi abangalaziko.
2. Ukufunda kufaka hlangana ihlathululo yetheksti nokutjheja amatshwayo welimi.
• Ukwenza ihlathululo yetheksti
• Ukuqala ihlathululo yamagama angakajayeleki kanye neenthombe ngokusebenzisa amakghono
wokukghedlha amagama kanye namaqhinga wamagama
• Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga wokuzwisisa:ukuhlanganisa, ukutjheja ukufunda ngokuzwisisa, ukuhlela ibelo
lokufunda itheksti ebudisi, ukufunda ngobutjha nakutlhogekako, ukuqala ilwazi letheksti mayelana
nelwazi elingasiza, ukubuza nokuphendula imibuzo (ukusuka phasi ukuya phezulu)iinqunto, ukufunda
ukobana uthole imibono eqakathekileko, ukutjheja ikhetho lamagama kanye nezakhiwo zelimi begodu
namatshwayo welimi
• Ukwenza amanothi nanyana ukurhunyeza kanye nokusekela imibono
• Ukuthatha iinqunto kanye nokuhlathulula/ ukuhlola iinqunto zomtloli kanye neemphetho
• Ukwenza iimphetho/ umbono okungewakhe
• Ukuhlola, ukumadanisa nokuhlukanisa, ukuhlanganisa
o ukutjengisa iyelelo lelihlo elibukhali lokusetjenziswa kwelimi Ihlathululo enqophileko nengakanqophi
o umbono ovamileko kanye nombono ophakanyiswako
o ubujamo behlalakuhle kwezepolotiki nesendlalelo samasiko ethekstini kanye nomtloli
o imiphumela yokukhetha kanye nokutjhiywa ehlathululweni
o itjhebiswano phakathi kwelimi namandla
o ilimi elithinta imizwa, nelidlelezelako, ubuhlangothi, ukungathandi abantu nezinto ezithileko ngaphandle
kweenzathu neenkolelo ezinganabufakazi obucacileko, ibandlululo, iindlela ezihlukeneko
zokusebenzisa ilimi, ukuthatha iinqunto, okuphakanyiswako, iimpikiswano, umnqopho wokufaka
nanyana wokutjhiya ilwazi
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3. Ngemva kokufunda kwenza abafundi bona bakghone ukubona nokuphendula kutheksti yokana
• Phendula imibuzo ethekstini
• Ukumadanisa nokuhlukanisa; ukuhlela
• Ukuhlola, ukuthatha iinqunto kanye nokuveza yabo imibono
• Ukukhiqiza ijenre ngokutlola okungeyabo ngobutjha (lapha kufuneka khona)
Ukurhumutjha amatheksti abonwako
Kubafundi abanengi, isikrini kunekhasi eligadangisiweko limthombo welwazi labo elinengi. Imitlolo ebonwako
iyindawo eqakathekileko yokufunda, begodu nompheme wekhomphyutha umthombo onothileko wemethiriyali.
Hlola indlela ukuhleleka okuqakatheke ngakhona ewebhusayidini eyaziwako; indlela itjhejo elitholwa ngakhona
bakhangisi; indlela umsikinyeko nombala odlala indima eqakatheke ngayo ekudoseni loyo ofundako ukobana aye
kwezinye iindawo.
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Amaqhinga arherhako/adosako: Ilimi elithinta imizwa, ukudlelezela, ukuthatha ihlangothi, ilimi lokwenzisa
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Indlela ilimi nemifanekiso elitjengisa belibumbe imikghwa kanye namagugu; imifanekiso nelimi elithatha
ubulili bunye, elibandlululako, elifaka ubudala nanyana elilawulwa kuqiniswa kweenkolelo ezinganabufakazi,
khulukhulu emikhangisweni
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Amandla wokusetjenziswa kwemihlobo yamafonti kanye namasayizi, iinhloko kanye neenhlokwana
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Hlela, rhumutjha begdo uphendula imihlobo yamakhathuni /nemitletlana yamakhomikhi
Ukuthuthukisa ilwazi-magama nokusetjenziswa kwelimi
Ilwazi lama-ayithemu welwazi-magama kufanele kwethulwe kubafundi njengombana kuvela kutheksti yamambala,
kokubili iimbongo kanye neenkondlo, nemitlolo engasilo iqiniso naleyo eliqiniso isibonelo, lokha nawusebenza
ngeemfenqo, kuqakathekile ngaso soke isikhathi ukobana ucoce ngokobana kubayini iimfenqo zisetjenzisiwe
kunokobana zivezwe kwaphela. Ngaso soke isikhathi kungcono ukuhlela umbuzo ofana nokuthi, “kubayini umtloli
asebenzise irhobho-ndaba lapha?’kunokubuza bona’ngisiphi isifenqo esisetjenziswe lapha.?’
Kufanele kutjhejwe lokhu okulandelako:
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Ilimi leenthombe-ngqondo kanye namaqhinga wokusetjenziswa kweemfenqo: izitjho, ukusetjenziswa
kwezitjho, izaga, iimfenqo (isifaniso, isingathekiso, isenzasamuntu, i-oksimoroni, imethonimi, izenzukuthi,
irhwala, ukuziphikisa, itshimo, irhobho-ndaba, itshwayo, ihlonipho,ukurhwala, ukuziphikisa, okumraro
wokuziphikisa,isi isihlekisi, umqondo-silanduli, isinedotjhi, ukuphikisa) Njengombana ilwazi leemfenqwezi
liqakathekile, kufanele zifundiswe abafundi kwaphela lokha nazikhona ethekstini yamambala, kokubili
iimbongo kanye neenkondlo, iindatjana ezingasiliqiniso neendatjana eziliqiniso.
Ukuhlukanisa hlangana nelimi elifihlakeleko nelibhamba
Ukusetjenziswa kweenhlathululi-mezwi, ithesarasi kanye neminye imithombo yeencwadi ukutjheja
ihlathululo, ukupeleda, ukuphimiswa, ukutlolwa kweenhlamvu zamagama kanye neenkhekhe zekulumo
zamagama angakajayeleki
Ukuqala ihlathululo yeenthomo ezijayelekileko (isib. Isi, ubu, uku) kanye neenlungelelo ezijayelekileko
(isibonelo, -ana, isa, eka njll)
Ukutjho ihlathululo yamagama kanye nokuhlangana kwawo emindenini yamagama kusetjenziswe ilwazi
lemirabhu, iinlungelelo kanye neenthomo.
Ukusebenzisa ubujamo bamatheksti akhona (isb. Ehlathululweni yemitjho), amatshwayo (isib. Amakhoma,
abonodzubhula) kanye namatshwayo wegrafu ukutjheja ihlathululo yamagama angakajayeleki
Ukuhlukanisa hlangana neenhlathululo ezinengi (amagama atlolwe ngokufana abe nehlathululo ehlukeneko
kumatheksti angasibudisi mayelana neenhloko zamambala
Ukubona amareferensi avamileko. Isibonelo, ukubona ireferensi lokha nasikhuluma ngomuntu onetjhudu
njengaloyo onesandla esihle.
Ukutjengisa ukuzwisisa imitjhwana ejayelekileko kanye nezaga, nezitjho zesiNdebele
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Ukuhlola indlela amanye amagama abuya kwamanye amasiko anamandla ngakhona kutheksti (isib.
Amagama abuya kwamanye amalimi weengodi, ilimi lesitrada, amagama abuya kwamanye amalimi,
amathemu wesitjhaba)
• Ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamagama ahlangahlanganiswako abomafana-peledwa, amagama amqondo-fana,
amagama amqondohluka, amahomografu
• Ukutjho godu indaba nanyana umutjho usebenzise amagama ahlukeneko (atjho okufanako nanyana
aphikisanako)
• Ukusebenzisa igama linye ebinzaneni lamagama
• Ukusebenzisa amagama akhambisanako
Ukubumba umutjho kanye nokuhlela amatheksti. Inengi lama-ayithemu arhenyiswe lapha azabe sele afundiwe
ngenye indlela eengabeni ezigadungileko. Ukufundisa amaphetheni ahlelekileko esikhathini esinengi kusebenza
ngcono ekutloleni iimfundo lokha abafundi nabanethuba lokuwasebenzisa kanye nokubona amandla wakhona
bunqopha, kunokuwaqala kutheksti yomunye.
• Ukuqala, ukuhlathulula, ukutsenga ihlathululo nemisebenzi yezakhiwo zelimi kanye nemithetho kumatheksti:
o Iinhlanganisi/iinhlanganiso: isib. Ngombana, begodu
o Imihlobo ehlukeneko yeenrhunyezo kanye nama-akhronimi
o Iindlela zesenzo kanye neensiza-senzo ukutjengisa isikhathi kanye nobujamo ngendlela
efaneleko
o Imitjho elula , epande-pande, evangileko, ngokusebenzisa imitjhwana , ibinzana kanye
neenhlanganiso
o Ipambosi yokwenziwa
o Ikulumo enqophileko nengakanqophi
o Ukuhleleka komutjho ngendlela efaneleko
o Iimvumelwano, i-athikili, isibanjalo,abondaweni
o Amatshwayo wokutlola
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Ukutsenga isakhiwo/ ukuhlela amatheksti asetjenziswa kiyo yoke ikharikhyulamu kanye namagama
aziinhlnganisi/ amagama abonisa amatshwayo: ukuhlela/nokulandelana, ihlathululo, imbangela nomphumela,
ikambiso, ukumadanisa/ukuhlukana, indlela yokuqakatheka, indlela yesikhala, ikhetho leendima, ukuhlelwa
kwendima, indima ehlathululako, ihlathululo yendima, indima ebonisa ukuhlola, ukuhlola indima, indima
ehlathululako, ukuveza okuthileko, imibiko, indima ephethako (qala ukutlola indima mayelana namagama
akhambisanako)
Amatshwayo wamatheksti wezemitlolo
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Abatloli banamatheksti kwaphela ukutjengisa lokho abakutjhoko. Abatloli abatlola kuhle esikhathini esinengi baba
nezwelo ezintweni ezimasikizi kanye nezinto ezihlukeneko zelimi lesiNdebele, nangeendlela zakhona ezilula.
Lokha nakuqakathekileko bona isifundo sezemitlolo kanye nokubumbeka kwakhona, begodu namandla
wokufunda, kuqakatheke khulu ukuzwisisa amandla wamatshwayo emlayezweni kanye nomlayezo lowo umtloli
afuna ukuwudlulisela abamukelilwazi.
Ikondlo
Kunemibuzo emibili kwaphela eqakathekileko umfundi atlhoga ukuyibuza ngekondlo: Khuyini okutjhiweko? Ngazi
njani? Umbuzo wesibili ungezelela ukuzithemba ependulweni yalokho kokuthoma; yokuthoma iqunta lokho
umbuzo wesibili ozakuveza. Boke abatloli bezemitlolo batlola ngombana kunento abafuna ukuyitjho- into
abayibona ikarisa, begodu esikhathini esinengi kwalokho okuqakathekileko kusiqhema sesiko kwalokho
abakutlolako. Sifunda itheksti ukobana sisekele, siqinisekise, sihlathulule begodu siveze lokho abatloli abafanele
ukobana bakutjho kithi. Umsebenzi lo ufaka hlangana ukuqala ilimi elineemfenqo; lendlela yemitjho imida
yamavesi kanye neenkondlo zoke zethuliwe; ikhetho leenthombe, isigqi, ibelo kanye netjhada, lemizwa
yokuthatheka okuthi iinthombe ezinjalo izikhiqize. Koke lokhu kumzamo wokufikelela isivumelwano
esinganaqiniso kilokho umtloli athemba bona msinyazana nje nanyana ekukhambeni kwesikhathi sithola bona
yihlathululo yetheksti. Esikhathini esinengi akubi nesiphetho esifundweni sekondlo ehle.
Izinto ezirhenyiswe ngenzasi zizakwenza ngcono ukuzwisiswa komlayezo ofunekako:
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Ihlathululo ebhamba
Ihlathululo efihlakeleko
Ummoya
Ummongo-ndaba kanye nomlayezo
Iinthombe-ngqondo
Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sekondlo, iinthombe-ngqondo/iimfenqo, ikhetho lamagama ,amaqhinga wamatjhada,
iphimbo, amaqhinga wokukhuluma , ukuziphendulela ngokwemizwa
•
Isakhiwo sangaphandle sekondlo, imida, amagama, iingaba, ivumelwano, igido, isiphumuzi, ibuyelelo-mida,
ibuyelelo, ifana-tjhada (ivumelwano kanye nebuyelelo), i-enjambhamende
Umdlalo
Umdlalo akusiwo amagama nanyana ilimi: mnyakazo, iphimbo, ukukhanya kanye nobumnyama, ukuhlangana,
netjhatjhalazi. Ukuthi umdlalo ukhamba njani kuqakathekile, ukuthi abadlali bahlangana njani kuqakathekile,
ukuthi benzani nabangakhulumiko, ukuthi ukubonakala kobuso babo bungatjhugulula njani umuda-koke lokhu
kungalahleka nangabe umdlalo ufundwa sengathi yinovela. Nokho-ke, akusimbono omuhle ukukhomba
ividiyoyomdlalo ngaphambi kobana ifundwe ngokupheleleko bekukhulunyiswane ngayo begodu idlalwe yitlasi.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, ividiyo iba liqiniso lomdlalo begodu kuncani okuzakuvezwa mkhiqhizo waloyo mdlalo.
Ukubona izinto ngamehlo wengqondo kudlala indima eqakathekileko ekufundeni umdlalo. Ukufunisela
itjhatjhalazi nokuthi abadlali banjani, nokusebenza bonyana mimida emingaki nanyana ikulumo engatjhiwoko
lokho kuqakathekile ekwenzeni umdlalo etlasini. Iinkundla neenqephu, ngendlela umtloli womdlalo aveza ngayo
abadlali, nokuthi bathuthuka njani emdlalweni, ingemuva nobujamo ibelo, ukusebenzisa iinthombe namatshwayo,
amaqhinga womdlalo njengephimbo linye, amatshwayo wokurhwala, iinkomba zetjhatjhalazi, ukubumba isimo
esinzima, nanyana isimo, koke kuqakathekile nawufunda umdlalo.
Lokhu kukatelela abafundi bonyana bazi kabanzi ngamatheksti :
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
isakhiwo kanye nesakhiwana ( isethulo,irarano, ukurhatjheka/ukukhula kwetjharagano, isiqongolo, ukurhobha
kwendaba, isiphetho,ukuqala emuva,ukubuyekeza
Abadlali
Umsebenzi womdembi / umbono womdembi
Umongo-ndaba kanye nomyalezo
Ilwazi langaphambilini kanye nesizinda – kuqaliswe ebadlalini nakummongo-ndaba
Isakhiwo somdlalo : isakhiwo, isakhiwana (isethulo,ukukhula kwetjharagano nesiqongolo)
Ummoya
Isiphetho phekghu / isiphetho
Okwenzeka ekundleni yokudlalela
Ukulumathana phakathi kwekulumo-pendulwano / ikulumo kayedwana / ikulumo eyandulelako kanye
nesenzeko
Isehlakalo esibhaqiselwe umdlali othileko
Inoveli / ubukghwari bomlomo:iinganekwana, izehlakalo, iinrarejo kanye neenolwana
indatjana ezifitjhani( mayelana nokungezelela/ ukwandisa)
Amanoveli kanye neminye imitlolo yeembongo itllolelwe ukufundwa, bonyana kukhulunywe ngayo kanye
nokuzithabisa. Kuqathekile ukufunda amatheksti ngokuwaphimisela ematlasini, khulu khulu ebafundini
abangathandisisi kuhle ukufunda, nanyana kilabo abanemiraro yokufunda.
Funda ngokutjhelela, ukwenzela ukukhuthaza itjisakalo yokufunda usebenzise iindlela zokufunda ezitjhatjhalazi,
ukuzindla, ukuhlola kanye nokukhuthaza. Ukucoca sakucabangela ngenoveli kungenza kube netjisakalo
yokulangezelela ukufunda kabanzi, ukuthola abadlali abaqakathekileko, ukusetjenziswa kwamagama kanye
neenthombe-ngqondo ekugandeleleni umomgongo-ndaba wenoveli. Lokhu kungenza abafundi babe netjisakalo
yokufunda imitlolo.
Emva kokufunda kokuthoma, abafundi kumele bazi umehluko phakathi kokulandisa (kuzokwenzakalani
20 | P a g e
ngokuzako?) kanye nesizinda ( kubangwa yini?);veza okungaba mqondo wendaba kanye nokurhunyutjhwa
kwendaba; uhlathulule bonyana umtloli ulisebenzise njanj ilimi ukuveza abalingisi ( uhlathulule abalingisi
nekulumo-pendulwano); indlela abadlali abadlala ngayo; ubujamo behlalo(ilimi elihlathululako, kanye nezehlakalo
ezitholakala kunoveli yoke) urarulule imibono ethileko lapho kunefuneko khona , nokukhalima lapho inoveli iya
khona. Abantu abanengi kanye namasiko baphila ipilo efaka iindaba phakathi. Nanyana ngikuphi okwenziwa
ngutitjhere etlasini kumele kungabususi ubumnandi bokufunda iindaba.
Lokhu kungasiza abafundi ekwazini kabanzi amatheksti :
•
•
•
isakhiwo kanye nesakhiwana ( isethulo,irarano,ukukhula itjharagano,isiqongolo,ukurhobha,isiphetho,ukuqala
emuva,ukubuyekeza)
Itjharagano
Abalingisi
•
•
•
Umsebenzi womdembi
Umongo-ndaba kanye nomyalezo
Ilwazi langaphambilini,isizinda kuqaliswe ebalingisini kanye nommongo-ndaba
•
Ummoya,isiphetho-phekghu / isiphetho
Ukungeza kilamaphuzu angehla, lokhu okulandelako kumayelana nobukghwari bomlomo
•
•
Iinkondlo (iimbongo, imihlobo ehlukeneko yeengoma, iinthakazelo)
Ezinye iindlela (izaga, izitjho, iinrarejo)
Ukufundwa kwamafilimu
Ukufundwa kwamafilimu akufani nokufunda inoveli. Nangabe ukufundiswa kwamafilimu kuthi akufane
nokwenoveli kanye nomdlalo, iqhinga lokwenza iinthombe zebhayisikobho elingenzasi ngilo ekufuneka bona
litjhejwe khulu.
Ukufunda ifilimu ngokutjheja nangokutjhejisisa kusame khulu ekutheni obukelako uyakghona ukutjheja abe
alungise iimphoso, ukujanyiswa kokulingisa nakwenziwa amafilimu, indlela ifilimu evezwa ngayo, ukuqala emuva
komdlali othileko, ukuhleleka kwesiqephu, ingoma, ukunemba, ukukhanya kanye netjhada. Ukwazi ukufunda
amafilimu ngokuthola ilwazi elinengi ngesikhathi kubukelwa ifilimu: umbukeli angahlali abukele ifilimu kungekho
lapho athinteka khona, ukubukela akumenze azuze kukhulu, kanye nokwazi kuhle bonyana uMnqophisi, uMhleli,
kanye nabanye benza okukhulu esikubonako sikubone ngendlela efunwa ngibo
• Ikulumo-mpendulwano nesenzeko, ubudlelwano nomdlali kanye nomongo-ndaba ukufunda kanye
nokutlola kanye nobujamo bokutlhoga amezwi wefilimu.
• Isakhiwo, isakhiwana, ukuvezwa kwabadlali, ihloso yomdlalo, ukubumbeka komdlalo, ukutjhuguluka
nesiphetho, okwenzekako kurare nanyana kwethuse, nokuthi kwenzeka bunjani.
• Iqhinga lokwenza amafilimi (okubonwako,okuzwako kanye nokuzwakala kubonwe) njengokusebenzisa
umbala,
iinhlokwana,ukuhlanganisa,ingcoco,umbhino,itjhada,ukukhanya,ukulungisa
iimphoso,
ukubekeka kwesithombe efilimini,isitayela sokuthwebula iinthombe, iqhinga lamakhamera,ukunyakaza
kwamakhamera, itjhada elizwakala ngaphambi kokwenzeka kwezinto, itjhada elenzeka ngesikhathi
sokudlalwa.
21 | P a g e
AMATHEKSTI ASETJENZISELWA UKUFUNDISA AMAKGHONO WELIMI NGOKUHLANGANISA OKUZELEKO KUGREYIDI 10-12
Ukungezelela kumatheksti wezemitlolo mayelana nokufunda okuhleliweko, amajenre afundwa kuGreyidi 10-12 kufaka hlangana atloliweko,
abonwako kanye naweendlela ezihlukeneko zokuthintana ngeminqopho ehlukeneko. Amanye amatheksti azakufundwa mayelana
namakghono wobukghwari; amanye amatheksti azakufundwa njengeembonelo zamajenre begodu njengeenkomba zokutlola
Amatheksti wezemitlolo
Amatheksti atlolwako mayelana nelwazi
Amatheksti amithombo:
Imitlolo ephakanyisiweko
kuGreyidi 10-12
Isihlathululi-mezwi
Amatheksti weendlela ezihlukeneko/
I-insayitlophidiya
amatheksti abonwako mayelana
Imitlolo ephakanyisiweko
Amatjhejuli
nelwazi
MIBILI kilemitlolo elandelako
Irhelo leenomboro zemitato
ephakanyisiweko ifakwe hlangana
Iincwadi
Amatjhadi, imebhe
kuKhathalogu yezemiTlolo yeliZwe
Amathesarasi
Amagrafu, amathebula, amatjhadi
loke:
Iimbekisosikhathi
wephayi,
Imihlahlandlela ye-TV
Imebhe-ngqondo, amadayegramu
Inovela
Amaphosta
Umdlalo
Amaflaya, amaphamflede, amabhrotjha
iinkondlo
Amatheksti atloliweko kunrhatjhi
Amatshwayo namajamo
Ama-athikili kamagazini
Amadokhyumenthari we-TV
Ama-athikili wephephandaba
Amakhasi wewebhu, amasayidi weIGreyidi 10 – 10 iinkondlo
Ama-edithoriyali
inthanede, amabhlogo
IGreyidi 11 – 10 inkondlo
Izaziso
Ifacebook namanye amathungelelwano
IGreyidi 12 – 12 iinkondlo
Imilando yabafi
Idatha phrojektjheni
Ukubuyekezwa
Amathransparensi
imikhangiso
Amatheksti weendlela ezihlukeneko/
Ukungezelela/ ukwandisa
Iindlela zokutlolwa kwamatheksti alalelwako
amatheksti abonwako mayelana
Iindatjana ezifitjhani
iinkulumo-pendulwano
nobukghwari
Ama-eseyi
iinkulumo
Isifundo samafilimu
iingoma
Amafilimu
Amabhayografi
amahlaya
Iinthombe
Ama-othobhayografi
Imifanekiso
Iinolwana kanye
Amatheksti atlolisiweko wetjhebiswano nabanye
neenolwana-mlando
kanye newokuthintana
Amatheksti weendlela ezihlukeneko/
Iinrarejo
amatheksti abonwako mayelana
iincwadi
nokuzithabisa
amadayari
iimemo
Amafilimu
ama-imeyili
Amahlelo we-TV
ama-sms namathwitha
Amavidiyo weengoma
amanothi
Amakhathuni, neenthombe
imibiko
Imitletlana yamakhomikhi
Amahlaya (atjengisiweko)
Amatheksti atlolisiweko wetjhebiswano
Igrafiti
kubhizinisi
Amatheksti alalelwako
Iincwadi zangokomthetho
Amahlelo womrhatjho
Amaminidi nama-ajenda
Ukufundwa kwemidlalo
Ukufundwa kwamanovela neendatjana
Iinkulumo ezigadangisiweko
Imikhangiso yomrhatjho, ye
YAyamaphephandaba we-TV
nabomagazini
22 | P a g e
Ubude bamatheksti atlolwako obumele asetjenziswe /afundwe
Amatheksti
IGreyidi
Inani lamagama
Isifundo
IGreyidi 10
380-440 amagama
sokuzwisisa
IGreyidi 11
440-500 amagama
IGreyidi 12
500-560 amagama
Isirhunyezo
Greyidi
IGreyidi 10
IGreyidi 11
IGreyidi 12
Inani lamagama
220 amagama
250 amagama
270 amagama
Ubude besirhunyezo
60 – 70 amagama
70 –80 amagama
70 - 80 amagama
3.3 UKUTLOLA NOKWETHULA: INDLELA, OKUMUMETHWEKO, AMAQHINGA NAMATHEKSTI
Ukutlola ngokwekambiso
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ukuhlela/ Ukulungiselela ukuhlola
Ukutlama
Ukubuyekeza
Uku-editha
Ukufundela ukulungisa iimphoso
Ukwethula
Nakutlolwako abafundi kumele benze lokhu okulandelako:
Ukuhlela/ Ukulungiselela ukuhlola
• Thatha isiqunto ngomnqopho nabamukelilwazi betheksti okumele itlolwe namkha idizayinwe.
• Beka iimfuneko zesakhiwo, isitayela, nehlangothi/umbono.
• Cabangisisa imicabango, usebenzisa isib, iimebhe-ngqondo, amaflowutjhadi nanyana amarhelo
• Thintana nemithombo ehlukahlukeneko, khetha ilwazi elifaneleko.
Ukutlama
• Sebenzisa ngokunembako imicabango emikhulu nesekelako ekambisweni yokuhlola.
• Khiqiza umtlamo wokuthoma onomnqopho, abamukeli-lwazi, isihloko nejenri.
• Funda imitlamo ngendlela esetjenziswa ngayo uthole umbiko nakwabanye (ofunda nabo);
• Beka ukukhethwa kwamagama ngokusebenzisa amagama ahlathululako, imitjhwana kanye nelimi elenza
ukutlola kuzwakale begodu kucace.
• Thoma iphimbo nesitayela esilemukekako ngokujayeza ilimi nethoni bona zifanele abamukelilwazi
nomnqopho wokutlola.
• Tjengisa ihlangothi lakho ngokuhlathulula amagugu, iinkolelo namaboni.
• Faka imininingwana yamatheksti afaneleko(ukusetjenziswa kwabodzubhula nokusekela ipikiswano)
23 | P a g e
Ukubuyekeza, uku-editha, ukufundela ukulungisa iimphoso nokwethula
• Sebenzisa ikambiso equntiweko mayelana nakho koke ukuhlola komsebenzi wakho kanye nokutlola
kwabanye ukobana kwenziwe ngcono
• Lungisisa ukukukhethwa kwamagama, isakhiwo somutjho nesesigaba.(faka ilwazi elingeziweko,
sebenzisa amagama afaneleko akhambisanako)
• Phungula ubuhlathululo-nengi,ubumbelambela, isirhumutjha, ilimi lesitrada nelimi elineenhlamba
• Hlolisisa okumumethweko, isitayela nerejista
• Ukusetjenziswa kwamatshwayo wokutlola, isipelinghi nehlelo ngokufaneleko nangokunembako.
• Lungisa umtlamo wokugcina
• Ethula
Izakhi nemithetho yelimi ngokwendlela yokutlola
Ukwakhiwa komutjho
• Tlola imitjho ehlukahlukeneko nangobude
• Sebenzisa iinkhekhe zekulumo ngokufaneleko.
• Sebenzisa isihloko, isenzo, umenziwa, iinkhathi, iindlela zesenzo,ukuvuma nokuphika, iimpambosi,
ikulumo enqophileko nengakanqophi,
• Sebenzisa abonobuza (Kungani? Nini? Njani? Ini?)
• Sebenzisa imitjho ehlukahlukeneko, isib iintatimende, imibuzo, imitjho elula, imitjho epandepande ,imitjho
evangileko, imitjho evangileko-epandepande
• Sebenzisa iinhlanganiso, izabizwana, abondaweni ukwenza imitjho ezwakalako.
• Sebenzisa imihlobohlobo yezabizwana ukugandelela nokuqeda ibuyelelo-magama
• Sebenzisa ilandelano lamagama elifaneleko emitjhweni ukutjengisa ikareko negandelelo
• Sebenzisa iimvumelwano ngokufaneleko.
Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Tlola iingcenye ezahlukeneko zesigaba, isihloko somutjho, imicabango emikhulu nesekelako, isingeniso
esifaneleko, umzimba kanye nesiphetho begodu nomutjho ophethako
• Tlola iingaba ezahlukeneko namatheksti ngokusebenzisa amabinzana afana nalawa:
o Ilandelano: kokuthoma, kwesibili,kwesithathu, ngaphambi,ngemuva, mhlapha
o Unobangela nomphumela: yingakho, ngombana, kungebanga lalokho, solokho njll.
o Ikambiso: kokuthoma,kwesibili,kwesithathu
o Madanisa:fanako, hlukeneko,- ncani kune, -khulu kune
o Ilandelano lokuqakatheka; njalo, ekugcineni
o Ukulandelana ngokweenkhala: phezulu, ngaphasi, ngesinceleni, ngesidleni, njll.
o Ngokunabileko: ngokunaba nesiphetho
.
o Indima ephethako: ingabi sirhunyezo salokho okutloliweko. Isigaba esiphethako kufanele sitjhiye
umfundi nombono nanyana umkhumbulo ozakuhlala naye ngemva kobana indaba yoke seyilitjelwe.
Esikhathini esinengi indaba iyakwenza lokho, begodu ilibaleka lula..
24 | P a g e
Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Sebenzisa izenzo, iimphawulo nabondaweni ukunikela isithombe esithileko kanye nemininingwana
begodu nehlathululo ebonakalako njengesibonelo, lokha nabatlola i-eseyi eyingcoco, i-eseyi
ehlathululako
• Sebenzisa ilimi elihlelekileko nelingakahleleki (ilimi elingaquntelwa mithetho, ijagoni) ngendlela efaneleko
• Nikela iqiniso begodu wethule umbono
• Veza ihlathululo ebhamba nefihlakeleko.
• Khuluma ngamagugu, imikghwa, ubuhlangothi, ukungatjhuguluki, izwelomagama, ilimi elenza umuntu
alandele lokho okutjhoko, elidlelezelako isb, kumatheksti afana ne-eseyi ephikisanako, i-athikili
yephepha
• Sebenzisa imithombo efana neenhlathululi-mezwi namathasarasi ukukhetha ilwazi-magama elinembako
nelifaneleko.
Irejista, isitayela nephimbo
• Sebenzisa irejista:ehleliweko nengakahlelwa, isitayela esifaneleko isib, encwadini yobungani/
neyabakhulu.
• Khuluma ngokunqophileko kofundako ngendlela yomuntu ngamunye.
• Tlola ngesibindi, ungacoliseli nanyana ngiliphi ihlangothi elithethweko
• Sebenzisa amahlangothi ahlukileko nakudingekako.
Imithetho yelimi(isipelinghi neemphumuzi):
• Ukusetjenziswa kwamagabhadlhela, kwamakhoma, kwabodzubhula, amakholoni,ukuthalela, amaithalikhi,amasemikholomu, uzitjhana, abodwi, abodetjhi, amapharanthesisi
• Ukusetjenziswa kwelwazi lamaphetheni wokupeleda kanye nemithetho yokupeleda amagama ngendlela
efaneleko:
o Ilwazi lamaphethini wamagama kanye nemindeni.
o Ilwazi lomrabhu, iinthomo neenlungelelo
o Ilwazi leenhlavu
• Sebenzisa iinhlathululi-mezwi neensiza eztjheja ukutlolwa nokupeledwa kwamagama
• Sebenzisa iinrhunyezo nama-akhronimi afaneleke eenrhatjhini nakubamukeli-lwazi abahlukahlukeneko.
Indaba Ecocako
Indaba ecocako yindaba edlulisa umlandelande wezehlakalo ngendlela ezwakalako. Lokhu okulandela
kumatshwayo we-eseyi ecocako:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Tlola indaba/isehlakalo esidlulileko/indaba eliqiniso
Sebenzisa imida yendaba enembako
Sebenzisa isikhathi esidlulileko ngaso soke isikhathi kodwana abatloli abanengi basebenzisa isikhathi sa
ukubumba umqondo omsinya nonembako
Sebenzisa indima yesingeniso edosako
Qinisekisa bona isiphetho kuba ngesanelisako nanyana esinganatlha, esilahla umqondo kodwa
esingafuniseliko
ukuhlomisa umling
Sebenzisa ikulumo enqophileko nangabe ufuna kube msinya nanyana
ngokungakanqophi nangabe ufuna umfundakhakho abe kude nesikhulumi
Sebenzisa amatshwayo wokuhlathulula lapho kunesidingo khona kodwana iindaba ezihle ngilezo eziphelele
25 | P a g e
begodu abatloli basusa layo magama anganawo umnqopho.
Indaba Ehlathululako
Ihlathululo iba tjhatjhalazi nehlobisako. Kokubili kufuna ilimi elihlengekileko nelilula. Susa abafundi ekutlol
ngendlela ehlathululako,ezele iimphawulo, nanyana etjhelelako. Funda iindima ezihlathululako ezitlolwe bat
abanekghono: inengi labo alisebenzisi iimphawulo ukwakha iinhlathululo ezisebenza kuhle.thatha abafu
balingise iindima ezinjalo ngokuragela phambili nehlathululo ukusukela lapha uqunte khona indima. Ihlathul
etjhatjhalazi ayikarisi khulu , kodwana iqakatheke khulu ngokwehlalakuhle: ukuhlathulula izinto ezil
ngokunemba, isibonelo, isiteyiploara, umaliledinini. Nanyana ukuhlathulula abantu eenthombeni nanya
iinthombe ezinikelweko. Esikhathini esinengi ihlathululo isetjenziswa khudlwana ukwakha ubujamo kan
nendlela yesenzo kunesithombe: amafilimu enza lokhu ngokulalewa, abatloli benza lokhu ngamagama, lap
ukukhethwa kwamagama kuqlawulwa khulu miqondo yawo kunokunemba kokusetjenziswa kwawo.
Nazi ezinye iimphakamiso zokutlola i-eseyi ehlathululako:
•
•
•
•
•
Hlathulula omunye/ enye into ezakuvumela umfundi bona abe nelemuko lesihloko ngokupheleleko
Bumba amagama ngeethombe
Khetha amagama nezitjho ngokuyelela ukobana uzuze umphumela ofunekako
Sebenzisa umbono wehlangothi , itjhada, ukuzwa, ukunambitha kanye nokuthinta
Sebenzisa iinthombe-ngqondo
Indaba ephikisanako, Emahlangothi-mabili, Eveza imizwa
Indaba ephikisanako yethula ipikiswano emayelana nokhunye (kubayini ngikholelwabona abomma baqin
kunabobaba); ama-eseyi amahlangothi mabili athula amahlangothi ngokulingana mayelana nalokho isihlo
esikwethulako ngokuya ngombono womtloli ukutjengisa kwaphela isiphetho (‘Ingabe abomma baqine kunabobaba?
nanyana awa kodwana mina ngithi iye’) i-eseyi evezako yethula inani lemikhumbulo kanye nemibono emayela
nesihloko ngaphandle kokuzama ukuphikisa mayelana nokhunye ( ‘abomma: ngomkhumbulwami’).
•
I-eseyi ephikisanako ivama ukuthatha ihlangothi, ukuzivikela nanyana ukuveza amazizwakho ngokulandela
begodu nangokuphikisa ngendlela ongakghona ngayo kodwana izakuba ngehlangothini elilodwa, isiphe
sizakutjengisa tjhatjhalazi bona umtloli ujame ngakuliphi ihlangothi begodu kungani.
I-eseyi ephikisanako ivama ukulingana nokwethula amahlangothi ahlukeneko ngepikiswano ethileko, isakhi
sitlanywa kuhle nangendlela ebonakalako; umnqopho umayelana nokuzuza okuthileko kodwana umtloli angatha
ihlangothi, lokha ilimi eliveza imizwa likghoneka,iimpikiswana ezihle lapha ngilezo ezizuzako ngombana zen
umbono omuhle nozwakalako. Isiphetho sitjhiya ofundako ngaphandle kokuphazama lapha umtloli ajame khona.
•
I-eseyi evezako yethula imibono yomtloli , umkhumbulo kanye namazizo mayelana nesihloko esithileko,
esikhathini esinengi okuyinto abazizwa banamandla ngayo. Kuvama ukuba yinto ethatha ihlangothi
kunokobana ikhambisane nesifundo; itlhoga isakhiwo esifaneleko, kodwana akukafaneli bona yethule
isiphetho esizwakalako. Nokobana kufanele yethule ingcoco elinganako, nanyana kungaba njalo. Ingaba
nokuphikisana ngokuncamileko.
I-Eseyi yezemitlolo
Lemihlobo yama-eseyi yethula ukuziphendulela komtloli okukurhumutjha, ukuhlola, ukuveza, begodu nangendlela
yobujamo bakho. .limpikiswano ziyethulwa begodu zisekelwe namkha zitjengiswe ngokuthumela ethekstini, . Ilimi
letheksti lingavezwa ngokutjengiswa kwamatshwayo athileko welimi nanyana amakhwalithi wezemitlolo.. Isitayela
ngesisemthethweni kodwana ingasi ngomnqopho wokubuyelela kanengi. Ukuziphendulela komuntu kuvumelekile
kwamanye ama-eseyi,khulukhulu nakabawiweko.
26 | P a g e
Incwadi yabakhulu/ yomthetho
Ukutlolwa kweencwadi zangokomthetho kusese yingcenye yokusaqakatheke khulu epilweni yangamalanga.
Abafundi kusamele bona batjheje bakhambisane nendlela equntiweko kanye nokuhleleka kwayo. Abafundi
kumele batlole incwadi yabakhulu yamambala, nakukghonekako bathunyelwe emakhaya bese ulindela
ipendulo.Iincwadi zabakhulu ezingatlolwa ngobujamo obufaneleke ziyadondisa. Iincwadi ezibawa ilwazi
ngomkhiqizo othileko, iyunivesithi ethileko, ikhambo, (ngokwezinga lefundo ( iphrofetjhini), nangabe zithunyelwa
kilabo abanetjisakalo, zizakuphendulwa. Ukuqakatheka kwencwadi yabakhulu kuzakubonakala. Ngokufanako,
kungathunyelwa incwadi eya ephepheni ikakhulukazi nangabe iinhloko zenza okumumethweko. Nanyana eyodwa
igadangisiwe, isithintela setlasi siqakathekile. Okumumethweko ingasi isakhiwo ngikho okuqakatheke khulu
kilemihlobo yemitlolo.
Zijayeze imihlobo ehlukeneko yeencwadi zabakhulu isib, incwadi yesibawo, incwadi eya kumhleli wephephandaba,
incwadi yesinghonghoyilo njll.
Dzimelela kumfuneko ezahlukeneko zencwadi yabakhulu okufana nesitayela nesakhiwo.
•
Tlola ngelimi elinqophileko nelilula.
•
Khumbula bona abamukeli-lwazi abanqotjhiweko kumele bazwisise lokho okukhulunywa ngakho ukuze
iimpendulo zibe ngezilindelekileko.
•
Ukutlola kumele kube ngokucacileko nokunqophileko, okuhlelekileko, okufitjhazana nokuhlala ephuzwini
•
Tjengisa irejista yelimi langokomthetho
•
Tjengisa isiphetho sangokomthetho esilandelwa sibongo nama-initjhiyali womtloli
Incwadi yobungani
Nakhu okumele kutjhejwe nakutlolwa incwadi yobungani nanyana iincwadi ezingasizo zomthetho:
•
Sebenzisa ilimi, irejista nesitayela esingakahleleki kunaleso esipheze sihleleke
•
Tlola ngelimi elinepilo nelilula
•
Tjengisa ilandelano elifaneleko begodu udzimelele ephuzwini elinqotjhiweko
•
Imumethe isingeniso, umzimba nesiphetho.
•
Imumethe isiphande esisodwa, umtloli, nelanga etlolwe ngalo
•
Imumethe isilotjhiso esingakahleleki kunaleso esipheze sihleleke esilandela isiphande somtloli.
•
Isiphetho siphakathi naphakathi kwaleso esihlelekileko kunaleso esipheze sahleleka kulandele ibizo
lokuthoma lomtloli.
I-AJENDA YOMHLANGANO
Imemorandamu etloliweko, i-ajenda namaminidi aqakathekile nangabe ayazwakala. Indlela ehle yokutlola
lemisebenzi kuvumela abafundi bona baqale ividiyo nanyana bakhambele umhlangano wamambala begodu
ubenze bathathe namaminidi, baveze i-ajenda kiwo, bese bamadanisa i-ajenda yabo neyamambala kanye
namaminidi womhlangano. Nakungasi njalo abafundi batlhoga ukobana bethulwe ngendlela yokwakha isithombe.
Zibumbele i-ajenda yekomidi wena ngokwakho ngamehlo wengqondo bese abafundi batlola lokho abacabanga
bona kungaba maminidi, ngokuyelela badzimele ku-ajenda katitjhere. Lokhu kuhlekuhle kumsebenzi ohlukileko
kunalowo wokutlola amaminidi wamambala.
•
•
Nikela irherho lalokho okuzokukhulunywa ngakho emhlanganweni.
Ithunyelwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ebantwini abazokuza emhlanganweni.
27 | P a g e
•
•
Kulungiswa amaphuzu okuzokukhulunywa ngawo ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Qunta bona lelo nalelo phuzu lizokunikelwa isikhathi esingangani.
Amaminidi
•
Tlola phasi lokho ebekwenzeka emhlanganweni
•
Tjengisa lokhu okulandelako:
o Ibizo lehlangano
o Ilanga, indawo nesikhathi umhlangano obewubanjwe ngaso
o Irejista yalabo egade bakhona
•
Dzubhula Iinqunto ezithethweko
•
Nikela isirhunyezo salokho okuhlongoziweko nalokho okuvunyelenwe ngakho
•
Tlola ngesikhathi esidlulileko
Ikulumo, ikulumo-pendulwano, (ukuhlunga)i-inthavyu
Lemihlobo yemitlolo inokuthintana okukhulu nokukhuluma begodu kumele yenziwe njengomsebenzi wokutlola.
Ikulumo
•
Thoma utjhugulule isitayela okumele sisetjenziswe, nini, kuphi, kubayini (umnqopho) bobani
(abamukelilwazi) begodu nani
•
Isingeniso siganukeje
•
Akha amaphuzu kuhle ugege ikulumo esele ilahlekelwe yihlathululo yamambala.
•
Sebenzisa imitjho emifitjhani enemiqondo elula, sebenzisa iimbonelo ezijayelekileko.
•
Linganisa ukuhlaba ngeenzathu ezingasekela
•
Isiphetho siqakathekile begodu asisisirhunyezo salokho esele kutloliweko.
Ikulumo-pendulwano
•
Itjengisa ikulumiswano phakathi kwabantu ababili
•
Tlola phasi ikulumiswano njengombana beyenzeka, isuka bunqopha esikhulumini.
•
Sebenzisa umuda omutjha ukutjengisa leso naleso sikhulumi esitjha
•
Luleka abalingisi (namkha abafundi) ngokuthi kumele bakhulume namkha bethule isenzo banikelwe
kibokaki ngaphambi kokobana amagama akhulunywe
•
Yenza isithombe sokuhleleka kobujamo ngaphambi kobana utlole
•
Iinkulumo-pendulwano ziziindawo ezifaneleko zokuthoma ihlelo lokutlola, njengombana ikulumopendulwano ehle itjengisa isiNdebele esikhulunywako ngendlela okungakghoneka ngakhona ekhasini.
Iinkulumo-pendulwano akukafaneli zibe phakathi kwabantu kwaphela.
I-Inthavyu/ukuhlunga
•
Thoma ngokubuza obuzwako imibuzo
•
Tlola amabizo weenkhulumi ngesandleni sesincele sephepha
Sebenzisa umuda omutjha ukutjengisa leso naleso sikhulumi esitjha
•
Ama-inthavyu kuhle kuhle amitlolo begodu ngilokho okumele kwenzeke lapha. Ama-inthavyu
angasingewamambala angaba yindaba ecocako. Lokha abafundi benza i-inthavyu etloliweko, kulula kibo
bona bawazi umehluko phakathi kwelimi lesiNdebele elikhulunywako nelitlolwako begodu bazakuthola bona
ukwethula i-inthavyu efundekako esikhathini esinengikufaka hlangana uku-editha ngokuyelela. Lobu
bungako bokuthola abafundi ukobana batlole ama-inthavyu, ingasi okumunyethwe khulu kiyo.
Umbiko
28 | P a g e
Imibiko mitlolo esemthethweni khulu, begodu isebenza kuhle lokha lokho okuhlolwako kungekwamambala begodu
kuqakathekile ebafundini. Ayikho into embi khulu njengokutlola umbiko ongasi ngewamambala, nanyana ukutlola
ngeenhloko otlolako angana kareko ngazo.
•
Nikela okwenzeke kwamambala isib, ingozi nokhunye okutholakeleko.
•
Tjengisa isihloko, isingeniso ( isethulo, umnqopho nobubanzi) umzimba(Ngubani, Ngebanga lani? Nini?
Ini? Njani?) iimphetho, iimphakamiso, iincwadi ezisetjenzisweko njll.
•
Tlama: buthelela nokuhlela ilwazi; tlola amaphuzu
•
Sebenzisa ilimi, irejista nesitayela esihlelekileko kunaleso esipheze sihleleke
•
Sebenzisa
o Isikhathi sanje (ngaphandle kwemibiko yezomlando)
o Amabizo ajayelekileko
o Umuntu wesithathu
o Iinhlathululo ezinamaphuzu
o Amazwi namabinzana wobucwephetjhe
o Ilimi elisemthethweni elingakanqotjhiswa emntwini.
Ukubuyekeza
Akunaphethini ethileko elandelwako. Akunasidingo sokobana ithinte izinto ezithileko encwadini, kufilimu namkha iCD. Kanengi abantu ababuyekezwako bathola bonyana ngikuphi lokho abazama ukukubuyekeza nokuthi ngubani
ozibandakanyileko ngemuva kwalokho nanyana ngikuphi okuvumelekile. Ukubuyekeza kuzama ngokusemandleni
ukuba neqiniso. Ukubuyekeza angasi mahle akhuluma ngezinto ezithinta umuntu. Ukuhlekisa nakho kuyatholakala
ekubuyekezeni. Tjengisa abafundi ukubuyekezwa okuhlukahlukeneko, okuvela emithonjeni ehlukahlukeneko
ukuze babone imehluko ekhona kilokhu kubuyekeza.
•
•
•
•
Iveza ukuphendula komuntu emsebenzini othileko wobukghwari, incwadi, isehlakalo nokhunye.
Veza ukwahlulela kwakhe komsebenzi owethuliweko.
Ukubuyekeza athatha ihlangothi. Abantu ababili ababuyekeza umsebenzi owodwa bangawubona
ngeendlela ezahlukeneko.
Nikela amaphuzu afaneleko, isib umtloli wencwadi/ umvezi/sobukghwari, isihloko sencwadi/somsebenzi,
ibizo lekampani egadangisako kanye nenani (lapha kufuneka khona)
I-ATHIKILI YEPHEPHANDABA
Okuqakathekileko:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Isihloko kufuze sidose ozosifunda begodu silulubeze.
I-athikili kufuze itjengiswe kuhle begodu nemiqaliswayo ibe mihle ngemibala ekhanyako nedosako
ekhambelana nayo.
Kufuze ikhulume noyifundako begodu ibe sesitayeleni saloyo oyitlolako.
Isitayela sotlolako singasebenzisa iinthombe-ngqondo, sihlathulule nanyana sibe nezwelo.
Amagama, iindawo, isikhathi, ubujamo nezinye iinsiza zingafakwa ku-athikili.
I-athikili kufuze ivuse ilulubezo njengomkhangiso ikhuthaze abayifundako bona bayifunde.
Iindima akukafuzi bona zibe zide.
Amaledere asetjenzisiweko kufuze kube ngilayo azakwamukeleka
I-athikili kamagazini
29 | P a g e
Kanengi kuma-athikili kamagazini izinto ezithandwa nezingathandwa mtloli ziyavela. Lokhu kumele kukhuthazwe
ebafundini.
Batlhoga godu nokobana batlole ama-athikili wabomagazini afaneleko ngenye nenye into abakhambisana nayo,
kanye nama-athikili ahlekisako abangenza amahlaya kiwo, bawahleke, bahlabe esinye nesinye isihloko
esifaneleko. Inengi lama-athikili wabomagazini afundwa bafundi pheze angiwo lomhlobo.
I-inthanede izele khulu ngama-athikili , begodu lokha isitayela sayo kanye nokumunyethweko kungahluki khulu
kunalawo akhambisana nawo atloliweko, kungaba kuhle ukuwahlola, khulukhulu lokha nakavela kumabhlogo,
njenganje okuyindlela ethandwa khulu yokutlola . Ukwenza bonyana abafundi bazenzele wabo
amabhlogo(ephepheni, akukho nokho ukuzaza kubafundi esele banawabo amabhlogo) banikele okumumethweko
okunothileko ukobana bakutlole, uhlanganise itjhejo ngokuyelela kubamukelilwazi, ukutjhidela kokumunyethweko,
kanye nephimbo elifaneleko.
Sebenzisa lokhu okulandelako:
o Isihloko kumele sikarise besilulubeze.
o Isitayela kumele kube ngesomuntu ngayedwana, ukukhuluma bunqopha nofundako
• Isitayela singaba ngesihlathululako, sibe neemfengqo, senze ofundako abe nekareko.
• Amagama, iindawo, iinkathii, amajamo neemfuneko eziqakathekileko kumele zifakwe la
• I-athikili kumele ivuse ikareko yenze nofundako angafuni ukulisa
• Mayelana nokutlola uveze wakho umbono akunasakhiwo esithileko okugandeleleka bona i-athikili itlolwe
ngaso
Incwadi yokuzihlathulula/ikharikhyulamu vithaye
Njengombana inengi labantu kilamalanga lisebenzisa amathempuleyidi, kungaba kuhle ukuthola bona khuyini
okwenza ithempuleyidi ehle nokobana ungayitjhugulula njani ngendlela ehle
•
•
•
•
•
Zethule ephasini ngokomtlolo
Zethule unamandla, ukarisa nawuqalwako
Yethula ilwazi ngendlela ezwakalako, enehloso begodu ngokuyirhunyeza
Faka ibizo leposo leyo ikhandideyidi efuna umsebenzi kiyo
Nikela:
o Imininingwana okungeyakho
o Iintifikeyidi ezisemthethweni
o Ilemuko lomsebenzi (nalikhona)
o Amarefri (abantu abanikela ngelwazi namakghono womfaki-sibawo)
.
UMLANDO KAMUFI
Lelwazi elilandelako liyavezwa kumlando kamufi:
•
•
•
Ibizo nesibongo sakamufi, isiphande, ilanga lamabeletho nelokuhlongakala, indawo umuntu
ahlongakalele kiyo, unobangela wokuhlongakala, ubude besikhathi sokugula kanye namabizo womndeni.
Okuzuziweko/okuqakathekileko/ifundo/ukubandakanyeka komphakathi
Iindatjana ngomufi. Akhunjulwa ngakho mndeni nabangani kungabelanwa ngakho. Ofundako kufanele
30 | P a g e
•
abe nesithombe esitjhatjhalazi sakamufi
Umlayezo wokutjhiriya umndeni nawo ungafakwa
YELELA:
•
•
•
Eminye imilando kamufi ifaka nenothi ngomuntu kungaba yikondlo yethando.
Ilimi,isitayela kanye nerejista zihlelekile
Sebenzisa amagama ahloniphako, isib. Uhlongakele kunokuthi uthi ufile
.
UBUDE BAMATHEKSTI ATLOLWAKO OKUMELE AKHIQIZWE
Amatheksti
AmaIinkondlo
Greyidi
Ama-Eseyi
wezemitlolo
Inani lamagama
IGreyidi 10
IGreyidi 11
IGreyidi 12
Indaba/ Ama-Eseyi
Ecocako/ Ehlathululako/
Evezako/Ephikisanako /
Emahlangothi-mabili
Amagama a- 90 – 140
Amagama ama- 140 – 190
Amagama ama -190 – 240
Inovela / idrama / ubukghwari
bomlomo
Inani lamagama
Amagama ama- 240 – 290
Amagama ama- 290 – 340
Amagama ama- 340 – 390
AmaGreyidi
Inani lamagama
iGreyidi 10
Amagama ama 240 – 290
iGreyidi 11
Amagama ama 290 – 340
IGreyidi 12
Amagama ama 340 – 390 words
Amatheksti amade wokuthintana
IGreyidi 10
Ikharikhyulamu vithaye nencwadi
ekhambisana nayo/ Ukuhlunga
okutloliweko/ Iinkumo-pendulwano/ Iincwadi
eziya kumhleli/ Iincwadi zabakhulu;
zokubawa umsebenzi, zokubawa
okuthileko, zokunghonghoyila,
nezomsebenzi/ iincwadi zobungani/
umagazini / i-athikili yephephandaba
namakholomu/ Amaminidi nama-ajenda
(kubuzwa kuhlangene)/ Umlando kamufi/
Imibiko(esemthethweni
nengasisemthethweni)/ Ukubuyekezwa/
Iinkulumo ezitloliweko (ezisemthethweni
nezingasizo zomthetho.)
IGreyidi 11
IGreyidi 12
Amagama a-100 – 120
(okumumethweko kwaphela)
Amagama a-100 – 120
(okumumethweko kwaphela)
Amagama a-100 – 120
(okumumethweko kwaphela)
31 | P a g e
3.4 Izakhi nemithetho yelimi
Kilelizinga, abafundi kumele bajayele ihlelo: Iinkhekhe zelimi, imithetho yeemvumelwano, ukusetjenziswa
kwesikhathi, iinsizasenzo neendlela zesenzo, izakhi zemitjho.Ihlelo akusamelanga bona linikelwe isikhathi lilodwa
sokuthi lifundiswe.
• Kuqakathekile ekuhlolisisiseni, ekutsengeni nekuhlahlubeni kwamatheksti. La abafundi kumele batjheje
bona abatloli basebenzisa njani isib.izakhi zehlelo; amaphetheni wemitjho adinga ukutjhejwa (ubude,
isakhiwo esilula nesibudisi)Ukuba khona nokungabi khona kweengaba zamabizo. Ngokuyelela
ukuqakatheka kwehlelo ekunikeleni ihlathululo ezwakalako,ekwembuleni amaqiniso nekuthuthukiseni
ukuzwisisa okucacileko kwetheksti nokuthi isebenza bunjani. Abafundi bangalibona iphuzu lehlelo
nokuqakatheka kwalo elimini
• Kusebenza ngcono ngemitlolwabo. Njengombana ukutlola kungenye yemisebenzi yangetlasini
kilelizinga, kuqakathekile bona bafundi batlole imitlamo engakahleleki yama-eseyi ngematlasini. Lokhu
kuzokunikela abafundisi ithuba lokuyelelisa abafundi ngeemphoso zabo zelimi. Ngokulungisa iimphoso
la kunokuthi kulindwe bekulethwe umsebenzi uzokutshwaywa, abotitjhere bazokuthola bona kuncani
khulu okumele kulungiswe. Abafundi bazokutjengiswa ngaphambi kobana baqede umsebenzabo
nokuthi bangayithuthukisa bunjani leyo misebenzi. Abafundi kanengi abanandaba nomsebenzabo
obuyisiweko oneenlungiso, akukho okukhulu abakufundako kiwo. Lesi senzo senza utitjhere abone
iimphoso ezenziwa pheze ngobunengi ehlelweni, lokhu kungamsiza bona abuyelele afundise boke
abafundi leso sikhekhe okubonakala ngasuthi sibatshwenya ngobunengi. Enye indlela yokuthintanisa
ihlelo nokutlola kunikela abafundi amakhophi womsebenzi otloliweko (khulukhulu ingasi umsebenzi
wabafundi)wehlelo elingakalungi. Abafundi ababekwe ngeenqhema zababili batshwaye iimphoso
bacocele otlolileko nokuthi kungani. Lokhu okubili kuthintene khulu, ukusebenza kuhle kwelinye
ihlangothi kuzokwenza nokuthi elinye nalo libe lihle.
Abafundi bangadzimelela eemphosweni ezivamileko. Indlela efaneleko yokusebenza ngehlelo
kusebenza ngomtlolo.
•
Qala isengezelelo esingenzasi mayelana nethebula etlole irhelo lezakhi nemithetho yelimi abafundi
abangayisebenzisa lokha nabenza umsebenzi wokulalela, wokukhuluma, wokufunda newokutlola.
Lezizakhi kumele zifundiswe ngaphasi kobujamo obuthileko yemihlobo ehlukeneko yamatheksti
wangokomlomo,wokububukelwako natlolwako.
Lokha irhelol lama-ayithemu wehlelo la linikelwe abotitjhere akukafaneli bona bakufundise koke nanyana
okhunye kwakho kulirhelo lereferensi kwaphela begodu iindingo zetlasi kufanele zitjho lokho okufanele
kufundiswe.
32 | P a g e
3.5 Amahlelo wokufundisa ahlongozwako
Amahlelo weveke alandelako anikelwa kwaphela njengeemphakamiso kibotitjhere begodu akakenzelwa ukususa
iindlela zokufundisa angasebenzisana nomtlamo njengombana wethuliwe. Isibonelo, utitjhere angakhetha
ukufunda amatheksti amanengi wezemitlolo ngetklasini. Lokhu kungathatha iimveke ezimbili.
Imitlamo yokufundisa ephakanyisiweko mayelana neGreyidi 10, 11 ne-12 ayame emzombeni ohlanganisiweko
weemveke ezimbili pheze ngokuthintana notitjhere amahlandla ali-9 wama-rir emzombeni ngamunye.
Ngokujayelekileko ama-iri wokufunda la azakwengezwa ngemisebenzi yemakhaya eyenziwa ngaso soke
isikhathi, imisebenzi yamaphrojekthi nokungezelela ukufunda. AmaGreyidi 10 – 12 abafundi kufanele benze
okungasenani umsebenzi wekhaya ama-iri ama-3 qobe yiveke kanye nokufunda okungeziweko ngelimi
elinqotjhiweko. Abafundi bangaqedelela imisebenzi etlolwako emakhaya.
Lokha nakudizayinwa umzombe ohlanganisiweko weemveke ezimbili, utitjhere angahlanganisa imisebenzi
ikhambisane nesihlokweso isib. Iphasi elisebenzako, indaba, isib. Ukutjhuguluka kwamazinga wokutjhisa, incwadi
efundwako, ikghono elibuya kukharikhyulamu, isib. Ikulumo-pikiswano, ukutlola okuyipikiswano, amahlelo
ayipikiswano, nanyana itheksti, iinqhema zamatheksti ezibuya “kumaTheksti asetjenziselwa ukuhlanganisa
ukufundisa amakghono welimi”. Ukulandelana kweemfundo emzombeni weemveke ezimbili kungalandelana
ngenye nenye indlela , isib. Umzombe ungathoma ngokufunda bese uragele phambili ngengcoco (ukukhuluma)
okuzakulandelwa kutlola. Kungaba yitheksti ephuma encwadini efundwako (nakukghonekako) nanyana enye
itheksti ingasetjenziselwa imisebenzi evezwe ngenzasi.
Isitjengiso semiTlamo yokuFundisa elandelako enziwe ukuze qobe ngeemveke ezimbili abafundi benze lokhu
•
•
•
•
•
Zibandakanye emsebenzini wokulalela nokukhuluma
Funda ukufunda ngokuzwisisa bekaphendule imibuzo namkha asungule isirhunyezo
Funda umtlolo okhethiweko
Tlola i-eseyi namkha itheksti yokuthintana.
Thuthukisa ilwazi lezakhi nemithetho yelimi ngokomnqopho wokuthintana (ukukhuluma, ukulalela,
ukufunda nokutlola)
Abotitjhere akukameli bona batshwaye yoke imisebenzi yezomlomo ekhiqizwe bafundi. Ihlelo lokufundisa
litjengisa inani nemihlobo yemisebenzi ehleliweko okumele itshwaywe botitjhere. Eminye imisebenzi kumele
itshwaywe bafundi nanyana mngani ngokusizwa ngutitjhere. Utitjhere angakhetha ukutshwaya imisebenzi
ethileko yabafundi engakahleleki nanyana ingcenye yemisebenzi engakahleleki ukuze abuyele kibo ayobanikela
umbiko ngomsebenzabo.
Isibonelo, iGreyidi le-10 ithemu 1, abafundi bazakutlola ama-eseyi ama-2 netheksti yinye yokuthintana. Yi-eseyi
yinye kwaphela netheksti yinye yokuthintana kwaphela okumele itshwaywe njengomsebenzi ohleliweko
wokuhlola. Eminye imisebenzi ayikazokutshwaywa ngutitjhere ngaphandle kobana azikhethele ngokwakhe
ukukwenza lokho.
Ilandelano lokumumethweko elihleliweko alikakhethwa begodu nesikhathi esikhethiweko siyakhombisa bonyana
kungamthatha isikhathi esingangani ukuqeda umsebenzi. Abotitjhere kumele bazidizayinele amaHlelo
womSebenzi (namkha basebenzele kile engaphakathi kweencwadi) ukufundisa okumumethweko ngokwethemu
kusetjenziswe enye nenye indlela elihlelekileko kanye nebelo .
33 | P a g e
Njengongokuba ubude bamathemu buhlukene ukuya ngeminyaka, ihlelo lokufundisa/ iHlelo lomsebenzi kumele
lenziwe njalo ngomnyaka. Amakghono, okumumethweko namaqhinga angenzasi akakapheleli. Utitjhere kumele
aqale ngokungeneleleko ehlelweni lamakghono, okumumethweko namaqhinga kusigaba 3.1 -3.4
Ukufundiswa kwezakhi zamalimi kudzimelele ekufundiseni ngokwamatheksi nangendlela yokukhulumisana.
Akukafuzi bonyana lenziwe lodwa. Ukuhlelwa kokufundisa kungendlela yokobanya izakhi zelimi zihlanganiswe
nokufundiswa kwamanye amkghono. Qala isiGaba 3.4 ukuze uthole irherho lezakhi zelimi okumele zifundiswe.
Nanyana amakghono ehlelweni lokufundisa athulwe ngokwehlukaniswa, kumele afundiswe ngendlela
yokuhlanganisa la kungakghoneka ngakhona. isb, ekufundisweni kwe-inthavyu yomlomo abafundi bangafunda
itheksti etlolweko ngemuva kwalokho bangalindeleka bona bakhiqize i-inthavyu etlolweko. Ukukhethwa kwezakhi
zelimi okumele zifundiswe emzombeni othileko kumele kuthuthukise umkhiqizo nokuzwisisa kwamatheksti
womlomo natlolwako azokukhiqizwa kiloyomzombe isb, iimphawulo, amagama amqondofana, amqondohluka,
izandiso nesikhathi esidlulileko ukulungiselela abafundi bona bakwazi ukutlola i-eseyi ecocako namkha
ehlathululako. Indlela yesenzo eyamileko iqakatheke khulu lokha abafundi nabatlola i-eseyi evezako.
Amaqhinga wokukhuluma newokutlola okumele afundiswe kiloyo naloyo mzombe weemveke ezimbili kufuze
abonakaliswe emhlobeni wetheksti okumele ukhiqizwe, isb. lokha nawufundisa i-eseyi ecocako, abafundi kumele
bafundiswe bona amagama wokuhlanganisa laveza unobangela nemiphumela/ ilandelano lezehlakalo.
34 | P a g e
3.5.1 IGREYIDI 10
Iimvek
e
Ukulalela nokukhuluma
Ukulalela ngokuzwisisa
(umbiko, ukukuhlaziya
nokukhuthaza)
IGREYIDI 10 ITHEMU 1
Ukufunda nokubukela
•
Isikhathi: I-iri -1
Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa:
Amatshwayo aqakathekileko
wetheksti kanye neengcenye
eziqakathekileko zencwadi ezifaka
nezemitlolo
Isifundo sezemitlolo
1kanye 2
Isikhathi: Ama-iri ama-4
Amatheksti wokuthintana:
Incwadi yobungani/ Iincwadi
zokomthetho(yesibawo/
yokunghonghoyila/ yokubawa
umsebenzi) incwadi yokomthetho
neyobungani ephaphandabeni/
Ikharikhyulamu vithaye
nencwadi ekhambisana nayo/ umlando
kamufi/ i-ajenda namaminidi
womhlangano
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela umtlamo,
uku-editha nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo wetheksti
ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Ikulumo-pikiswano
•
•
3 kanye 4
Ukutlola nokwethula
Amatshwayo nemithetho
Ukutlama,
ukurhubhulula, ukuhlela
nokwethula
•
Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa:
Amaqhinga asebenzisa amatheksti
atloliweko: qala u-3.2
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi: Ama-iri ama-4
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
1 x I-Eseyi: Ecocako / EHlathululako /
EPhikisanako
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela umtlamo,
uku-editha nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo wetheksti
ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
•
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
35 | P a g e
Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa
(umbiko, ukukuhlaziya
nokukhuthaza)
Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa:
Ukurhumutjha amatheksti
abonwako
•
5 kanye 6
Isikhathi: I-iri -1
Isikhathi:Ama-iri ama- 4
Ingcoco/Ikulumiswano
7 kanye 8
•
•
Amatshwayo nemithetho
Ukutlama,
ukurhubhulula, ukuhlela
nokwethula
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
• Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa:
Ukuthuthukisa ilwazi-magama
nokusetjenziswa kwelimi
•
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi:Ama-iri ama- 4
Ikulumo elungiselelweko/
engakalungiselelwa
•
•
9 kanye10
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Amatshwayo nemithetho
Ukutlama,
ukurhubhulula, ukuhlela
nokwethula
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
•
Ukutlolwa kwesirhunyezo
•
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi: Ama-iri ama-4
Imisebenzi elungiselelweko yokuhlolwa
Umsebenzi 1
Umsebenzi 2
*Zomlomo: Ukulalela
** Ukutlola: I-Eseyi: Ecocako
ngokuzwisisa
/ EHlathululako /
EPhikisanako
A: amatheksti wokuthintana: umbiko /
ukubuyekeza// i-athikili yephepha-ndaba/i-athikili
yemagazini
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela umtlamo, uku-editha
nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo wetheksti
ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
I-Eseyi: Ecocako / EHlathululako / EPhikisanako
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela umtlamo, uku-editha
nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo wetheksti
ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
•
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
Amatheksti wokuthintana: ikulumo/ /ikulumopendulwano/ukuhlunga
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela umtlamo, uku-editha
nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo wetheksti
ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
•
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
Umsebenzi 3
**Ukutlola: Imitlolo
yokuthintana
Umsebenzi 4
Ukuhlola 1: Isifundo sokuzwisisa
kanye nokusetjenziswa kwelimi
kanye nokurhunyeza
NOFANA
Zemitlolo: Imibuzo emifitjhani /
Imibuzo emide
**Ukutlola: Khetha i-Eseyi eyodwa, nayinye itheksti yokuthintana ngokomnqopho wokuhlola okuhleliweko ekupheleni
kwethemu.
36 | P a g e
11 kanye 12
Iiimveke
Ukulalela nokukhuluma
Ikulumopendulwano/ukuhlunga
/ikulumo
•
•
IGREYIDI 10 ITHEMU 2
Ukufunda nokubukela
• Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa:
• Amaqhinga asebenzisa
amatheksti atloliweko: qala u3.2
Amatshwayo nemithetho
Ukutlama, ukurhubhulula,
ukuhlela nokwethula
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
•
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi: Ama-iri ama-4
Ikulumo elungiselelweko/
engakalungiselelwa
13 kanye 14
•
•
Amatshwayo nemithetho
yetheksti
ekhethiweko(amaqhinga
wokukhuluma tjhatjhalazi,
isakhiwo kanye nendlela
yokuzilungiselela)
Ukutlama, ukurhubhulula,
ukuhlela nokwethula
•
Ukutlolwa kwesirhunyezo
•
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi:Ama-iri ama- 4
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
Iingcoco ezingakalungiselelwa
ikulumiswano
•
•
Amatshwayo nemithetho
Ukusebenzisa imithetho
15 kanye16
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
•
Ukurhumutjha amatheksti
abonwako (isib. Imikhangiso,
amakhathuni, isithombe)
•
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi: Ama-iri ama- 4
Ukutlola nokwethula
Amatheksti wokuthintana: umbiko/
Ikulumo-pendulwano/ ukuhlungwa
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela umtlamo, ukueditha nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo wetheksti
ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
•
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
1 x I-Eseyi: Ecocako / EHlathululako /
EPhikisanako
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela umtlamo, ukueditha nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo wetheksti
ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
Amatheksti wokuthintana:
Incwadi Yobungani/ Iincwadi
zokomthetho(yesibawo/
yokunghonghoyila/ yokubawa umsebenzi)
incwadi yokomthetho neyobungani
ephaphandabeni/
Ikharikhyulamu vithaye
nencwadi ekhambisana nayo/ umlando
kamufi/ i-ajenda namaminidi
womhlangano
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela umtlamo, ukueditha nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo wetheksti
ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
•
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
37 | P a g e
IGREYIDI 10 ITHEMU 2
Iiimvek Ukulalela nokukhuluma
e
Ingcoco yephaneli
19
kanye
20
17 kanye 18
•
•
Amatshwayo nemithetho
Ukutlama, ukurhubhulula,
ukuhlela nokwethula
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
Ukufunda nokubukela
Ukutlola nokwethula
Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa:
Ukuthuthukisa ilwazi-magama
nokusetjenziswa kwelimi
Amatheksti wokuthintana: umbiko/
Ikulumo-pendulwano/ ukuhlungwa
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi:Ama-iri ama- 4
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela umtlamo,
uku-editha nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo wetheksti
ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
Iinhlahlubo zesiquntu somnyaka
Imisebenzi elungiselelweko yokuhlolwa
Umsebenzi 5
Umsebenzi 6
Iinhlahlubo zesiquntu somnyaka
**zomlomo:
Iphepha loku- 1: Ukufunda nokubukela
Ikulumo elungiselelweko/
Iphepha lesi- 2: Ukutlola
nengakalungiselelwa
38 | P a g e
IGREYIDI 10 ITHEMU 3
AMAKGHONO
Iiimvek Ukulalela nokukhuluma
e
Imihlangano nekambiso
•
21 kanye 22
•
Amatshwayo
nemithetho
Ukutlama,
ukurhubhulula,
ukuhlela nokwethula
•
23 kanye 24
Ukutlola nokwethula
•
Amatheksti wokuthintana:
Incwadi yobungani/ Iincwadi
zokomthetho(yesibawo/ yokunghonghoyila/
yokubawa umsebenzi) incwadi yokomthetho
neyobungani ephaphandabeni/
Ikharikhyulamu vithaye
nencwadi ekhambisana nayo/ umlando kamufi/ iajenda namaminidi womhlangano
•
Ukurhumutjha
amatheksti abonwako
(isib. Imikhangiso,
amakhathuni, isithombe)
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi: Ama-iri ama-4
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela umtlamo, uku-editha
nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo wetheksti
ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
•
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
Ukudemba/ukukhuluma
indaba
•
Amatshwayo
nemithetho
Ukutlama,
ukurhubhulula,
ukuhlela nokwethula
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
Ikulumo
elungiselelweko/
engakalungiselelwa
•
25 kanye 26
Ukufunda nokubukela
•
Amatshwayo
nemithetho
Ukutlama,
ukurhubhulula,
ukuhlela nokwethula
Isikhathi:I-iri- li-1
•
Ukufunda
ngokuzwisisa:
Ukuthuthukisa ilwazimagama kanye
nokusetjenziswa kwelimi
•
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
•
•
Ukufunda
ngokuzwisisa:
Amaqhinga asebenzisa
amatheksti atloliweko:
qala u-3.2
•
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi:Ama-iri ama- 4
1 x I-Eseyi: Ecocako / EHlathululako /
EPhikisanako
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela umtlamo, uku-editha
nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo wetheksti
ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
Amatheksti wokuthintana: ikulumo/ /ikulumopendulwano/ukuhlunga
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela umtlamo, uku-editha
nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo wetheksti
ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
39 | P a g e
Ikulumo
elungiselelweko/
engakalungiselelwa
27 kanye 28
•
•
Amatshwayo
nemithetho
Ukutlama,
ukurhubhulula,
ukuhlela nokwethula
•
Ukutlolwa kwesirhunyezo
•
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi:Ama-iri ama- 4
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
Ukulalela ngokuzwisisa
(umbiko, ukuhlaziya
nokukhuthaza)
•
•
Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa:
Amaqhinga asebenzisa amatheksti
atloliweko: qala u-3.2
29 kanye 30
• Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi: Ama-iri ama-4
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
Imisebenzi elungiselelweko yokuhlolwa
Umsebenzi 7
Umsebenzi 8
zomtlolo: imibuzo emide
*zomlomo: umbiko olungiselelweko
nongakalungiselelwa
1 x I-Eseyi: ecocako / ehlathululako
/ ephikisanako
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela
umtlamo, uku-editha
nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo
wetheksti ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
•
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
Amatheksti wokuthintana
Umbiko / ukubuyekeza/ i-athikili
lephepha-ndaba/i-athikili
yemagazini
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukutlhatlhabeja,
ukubuyelela umtlamo, ukueditha nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo
wetheksti ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
Umsebenzi 9
Ukuhlola kwe-2:Isifundo
sokuzwisisa kanye
nokusetjenziswa kwelimi kanye
nesirhunyezo
NOFANA
Zemitlolo: Imibuzo emifitjhani /
imibuzo emide.
40 | P a g e
IGREYIDI 10 ITHEMU 4
Ukulalela nokukhuluma
Ukwethula isikhulumi/
ukuthokoza
•
•
Amatshwayo nemithetho
Ukutlama, ukurhubhulula,
ukuhlela nokwethula
•
Isifundo
sezemitlolo
Isikhathi: Ama-iri ama-4
31 kanye 32
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
Ukufunda nokubukela
• Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa:
Ukuthuthukisa ilwazi-magama
kanye nokusetjenziswa kwelimi
.Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukutlhatlhabeja,
ukubuyelela umtlamo, ukueditha nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo
wetheksti ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Ingcoco yephaneli
Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa:
•
33 kanye 34
Ukutlola nokwethula
Amatheksti wokuthintana:
Incwadi Yobungani/ Iincwadi
zokomthetho(yesibawo/
yokunghonghoyila/ yokubawa
umsebenzi) incwadi yokomthetho
neyobungani ephaphandabeni/
Ikharikhyulamu vithaye
nencwadi ekhambisana nayo/
umlando kamufi/ i-ajenda
namaminidi womhlangano
•
•
Amatshwayo nemithetho
Ukusebenzisa imithetho
Amaqhinga asebenzisa
amatheksti atloliweko: qala u3.2
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
1 x I-Eseyi: Ecocako /
EHlathululako / EPhikisanako
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukutlhatlhabeja,
ukubuyelela umtlamo, ukueditha nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo
wetheksti ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
41 | P a g e
Ingcoco yephaneli
35 kanye 36
•
•
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Amatshwayo nemithetho
Ukusebenzisa imithetho
37 kanye 38
Isikhathi:Ama-iri ama- 4
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
iforamu/isiqhema/ingcoco
yephaneli
•
•
Amatshwayo nemithetho
Ukusebenzisa imithetho
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
39 kanye 40
Ukutlolwa kwesirhunyezo
Ukulungiselela iinhlahlubo
Ukufunda nokubukela:
Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa kanye
nokusetjenziswa kwelimi
Ukurhunyeza
Zemitlolo:
Inovela/ubukghwari bomlomo
Umdlalo
Iinkondlo
Amatheksti wokuthintana
umbiko / ukubuyekeza/ i-athikili
lephepha-ndaba/i-athikili
yemagazini
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela
umtlamo, uku-editha
nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo
wetheksti ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
•
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
Ukulungiselela iinhlahlubo
Ukutlola nokwethula:
Ama-Eseyi
Amatheksti wokuthintana
Iinhlahlubo zokuphela komnyaka
Imisebenzi elungiselelweko yokuhlolwa
Umsebenzi 10
Umsebenzi 11
*Zomlomo: ukulungiselela- ukwethula
isikhulumi/ukuthokoza
Iinhlahlubo zokuphela komnyaka:
Iphepha loku- 1: Ukufunda nokubukela
Iphepha lesi- 2: Ukutlola
Iphepha lesi -3: Zomlomo
42 | P a g e
3.5.2 IGREYIDI 11
Iiimvek
e
Ukulalela nokukhuluma
Ukulalela ngokuzwisisa
(umbiko, ukuhlaziya nokukhuthaza)
Amatshwayo aqakathekileko
wamatheksti kanye neengcenye
zencwadi ukufaka zemitlolo
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi: Ama-iri ama-4
3 kanye 4
1 kanye 2
Isikhathi:I-iri- li-1
IGREYIDI 11 ITHEMU 1
Ukufunda nokubukela
Ukutlola nokwethula
Amatheksti wokuthintana:
Incwadi yobungani/ Iincwadi
zokomthetho (yesibawo/
yokunghonghoyila/ yokubawa
umsebenzi) incwadi yokomthetho
neyobungani ephaphandabeni/
Ikharikhyulamu vithaye
nencwadi ekhambisana nayo/
umlando kamufi/ i-ajenda namaminidi
womhlangano
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela umtlamo,
uku-editha nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo wetheksti
ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
•
Ikulumo-pikiswano
•
•
•
•
Amatshwayo nemithetho
Ukutlama, ukurhubhulula,
ukuhlela nokwethula
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa:
Amaqhinga asebenzisa
amatheksti atloliweko: qala u-3.2
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi: Ama-iri ama-4
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
1 x I-Eseyi: Evezako/ ecocako/
EPhikisanako
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela umtlamo,
uku-editha nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo wetheksti
ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
43 | P a g e
Ukulalela ngokuzwisisa
Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa:
•
(umbiko, ukuhlaziya nokukhuthaza)
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi:Ama-iri ama- 4
Ikulumo elungiselelweko/
engakalungiselelwa
Ukurhumutjha amatheksti
abonwako
amaqhinga wokukhuluma tjhatjhalazi,
isakhiwo kanye nendlela
yokuzilungiselela
Isifundo sezemitlolo
7 kanye 8
5 kanye 6
Isikhathi:I-iri- li-1
•
•
Amatshwayo nemithetho
Ukutlama, ukurhubhulula,
ukuhlela nokwethula
Isikhathi:Ama-iri ama- 4
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
Ikulumo elungiselelweko/
engakalungiselelwa
Ukutlolwa kwesirhunyezo
9 kanye 10
Isifundo sezemitlolo
•
•
Isikhathi: Ama-iri ama-4
Amatshwayo nemithetho
Ukutlama, ukurhubhulula,
ukuhlela nokwethula
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
Amatheksti wokuthintana
Umbiko/ukubuyekeza / i-athikili
lephepha-ndaba/i-athikili yemagazini
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela umtlamo,
uku-editha nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo wetheksti
ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
•
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
Amatheksti wokuthintana: ikulumo
/ikulumo-pendulwano/ukuhlunga
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela umtlamo,
uku-editha nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo wetheksti
ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
Amatheksti wokuthintana: ikulumo/
/ikulumo-pendulwano/ukuhlunga
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela umtlamo,
uku-editha nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo wetheksti
ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
Imisebenzi elungiselelweko yokuhlolwa
Umsebenzi 1
Umsebenzi 2
*zomlomo : ukulalela
** I-Eseyi: Ecocako /
Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa
EHlathululako /
EPhikisanako
Umsebenzi 3
**Ukutlola:Umtlolo
wokuthintana
Umsebenzi 4
Ukuhlola 1: Isifundo sokuzwisisa
kanye nokusetjenziswa kwelimi ,
kanye nokurhunyeza
NANYANA
Zemitlolo: Imibuzo emifitjhani /
Imibuzo emide
**Ukutlola: Khetha i-Eseyi eyodwa, nayinye itheksti yokuthintana ngokomnqopho wokuhlola okuhleliweko ekupheleni
kwethemu.
44 | P a g e
IGREYIDI 11 ITHEMU 2
Iiimveke
Ukulalela
nokukhuluma
Ikulumopendulwano/ukuhlung
a/ ingcoc/
ikulumiswano
11 kanye 12
•
•
Amatshwayo
nemithetho
Ukutlama,
ukurhubhulula,
ukuhlela
nokwethula
Ukufunda nokubukela
Ukutlola nokwethula
•
Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa:
Ukukuthuthukisa ilwazi-magama
nokusetjenziswa kwelimi
Amatheksti wokuthintana:
Ikulumo/Ikulumopendulwano/ukuhlunga
•
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela
umtlamo, uku-editha
nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo
wetheksti ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Isikhathi: Ama-iri ama-4
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
Ikulumo
elungiselelweko/
engakalungiselelwa
13 kanye 14
•
•
Amatshwayo
nemithetho
Ukutlama,
ukurhubhulula,
ukuhlela
nokwethula
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
•
Ukutlola isirhunyezo
•
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi:Ama-iri ama- 4
1 x I-Eseyi: evezako /
/emahlangothi mabili/
ephikisanako
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela
umtlamo, uku-editha
nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo
wetheksti ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
•
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
45 | P a g e
Ingcoco yephaneli
•
15 kanye 16
•
Amatshwayo
nemithetho
Ukutlama,
ukurhubhulula,
ukuhlela
nokwethula
•
Ukurhumutjha amatheksti
abonwako (isib. Imikhangiso,
amakhathuni neenthombe)
•
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi:Ama-iri ama- 4
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
Amatheksti wokuthintana
umbiko/ukubuyekeza/ i-athikili
lephepha-ndaba/i-athikili
yemagazini
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela
umtlamo, uku-editha
nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo
wetheksti ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
Iingcoco
ezingakalungiselelwa/i
kulumiswano
17 kanye 18
•
•
Amatshwayo
nemithetho
Ukutlama,
ukurhubhulula,
ukuhlela
nokwethula
•
•
Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa:
Amaqhinga asebenzisa
amatheksti atloliweko: qala u3.2
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi:Ama-iri ama- 4
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
Amatheksti wokuthintana:
Ikulumo/ikulumo-pendulwano/ukuhlunga
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukutlhatlhabeja,
ukubuyelela umtlamo, uku-editha
nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo wetheksti
ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
Imithetho yelimi
19kany
e 20
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
Iinhlahlubo zesiquntu somnyaka
Imisebenzi elungiselelweko yokuhlolwa
Umsebenzi 5
Umsebenzi 6
Iinhlahlubo zesiquntu somnyaka
**zomlomo:
Iphepha 1: ukufunda nokubukela
Ikulumo
Iphepha 2: ukutlola
elungisweko/ikulumo
engakalungiselelwa
46 | P a g e
IGREYIDI 11 ITHEMU 3
Iiimvek
e
AMAKGHONO
Ukulalela nokukhuluma
Ukufunda nokubukela
Ukutlola nokwethula
Imihlangano kanye
nekambiso
•
Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa
(ukusebenzisa amatheksti atloliweko
nabonwako)
•
•
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Amatheksti wokuthintana:
Incwadi yobungani/ Iincwadi
zokomthetho (yesibawo/
yokunghonghoyila/ yokubawa
umsebenzi) incwadi yokomthetho
neyobungani ephaphandabeni/
Ikharikhyulamu vithaye
nencwadi ekhambisana nayo/
umlando kamufi/ i-ajenda
namaminidi womhlangano
21 kanye 22
•
Amatshwayo
nemithetho
Ukutlama,
ukurhubhulula,
ukuhlela nokwethula
Isikhathi: Ama-iri ama-4
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela
umtlamo, uku-editha
nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo
wetheksti ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
23 kanye 24
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
Ukudemba indaba
begodu/kanye
neenkondlo
ezikhuthazako
• Amatshwayo
nemithetho
• Ukutlama,
ukurhubhulula,
ukuhlela nokwethula
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
•
•
Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa: Amaqhinga
asebenzisa amatheksti atloliweko: qala
u-3.2
•
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi: Ama-iri ama-4
1 x I-Eseyi: evezako /
/emahlangothi mabili/ ephikisanako
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela
umtlamo, uku-editha
nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo
wetheksti ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
47 | P a g e
Ikulumo
elungiselelweko/
engakalungiselelwa
25 kanye 26
•
•
Amatshwayo
nemithetho
Ukutlama,
ukurhubhulula,
ukuhlela nokwethula
• Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa:
Ukuthuthukisa ilwazi-magama kanye
nokusetjenziswa kwelimi
•
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi:Ama-iri ama- 4
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
Ikulumo
elungiselelweko/
engakalungiselelwa
Ukutlolwa kwesirhunyezo
•
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Amatheksti wokuthintana:
Ikulumo/ikulumopendulwano/ukuhlunga
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela
umtlamo, uku-editha
nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo
wetheksti ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
Ukulalela ngokuzwisisa
•
(umbiko, ukuhlaziya
nokukhuthaza)
1 x I-Eseyi: evezako
/emahlangothi mabili/ ephikisanako
•
•
Amatshwayo
nemithetho
Ukutlama,
ukurhubhulula,
ukuhlela nokwethula
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa: Amaqhinga
asebenzisa amatheksti atloliweko: qala
u-3.2
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
29 kanye 30
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela
umtlamo, uku-editha
nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo
wetheksti ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
Isikhathi:Ama-iri ama- 4
•
27 kanye 28
•
Amatheksti wokuthintana:
Ikulumo/ikulumopendulwano/ukuhlunga
•
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi: Ama-iri ama-4
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela
umtlamo, uku-editha
nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo
wetheksti ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
48 | P a g e
Imisebenzi elungiselelweko yokuhlolwa
Umsebenzi 7
Umsebenzi 8
zemitlolo: i-eseyi
Zomlomo: ikulumo
yezemitlolo
elungiselelweko/ukufunda
okungakalungiselelwa
Umsebenzi 9
Isihlahlubo 2: Isifundo sokuzwisisa
kanye nokusetjenziswa kwelimi kanye
nokurhunyeza
NANYANA
zemitlolo: imibuzo emifitjhani/nemibuzo
emide
Iiimvek
e
Ukulalela
nokukhuluma
Ukwethula
isikhulumi/ukuthokoza
31 kanye 32
•
•
Amatshwayo
nemithetho
Ukutlama,
ukurhubhulula,
ukuhlela
nokwethula
IGREYIDI 11 ITHEMU 4
Ukufunda nokubukela
•
Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa:
Amaqhinga asebenzisa
amatheksti atloliweko: qala u-3.2
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi: Ama-iri ama-4
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
Ingcoco
engakalungiselelwa/ik
ulumiswano
•
33 kanye 34
•
Amatshwayo
nemithetho
Ukutlama,
ukurhubhulula,
ukuhlela
nokwethula
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
• Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa:
Ukuthuthukisa ilwazi-magama
nokusetjenziswa kwelimi
•
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi:Ama-iri ama- 4
Ukutlola nokwethula
1 x I-Eseyi: evezako / /emahlangothi mabili/
ephikisanako
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela umtlamo, ukueditha nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo wetheksti
ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
Amatheksti wokuthintana:
Yobungani/ iincwadi zokomthetho(yesibawo/
yokunghonghoyila/ yokubawa umsebenzi)
Ikharikhyulamu nencwadi ekhambisana
nayo/umlando kamufi/i-ajenda namaminidi
womhlangano
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela umtlamo, ukueditha nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo wetheksti
ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
•
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
49 | P a g e
35 kanye 36
Ikulumo –
pikiswano/ingcoco
yephaneli
•
•
Amatshwayo
nemithetho
Ukutlama,
ukurhubhulula,
ukuhlela
nokwethula
•
Ukutlolwa kwesirhunyezo
•
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi:Ama-iri ama- 4
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
Umbiko/ukubuyekeza
37 kanye 38
•
•
Amatshwayo
nemithetho
Ukutlama,
ukurhubhulula,
ukuhlela
nokwethula
Ukulungiselela iinhlahlubo
Ukufunda nokubukela:
Isifundo sokuzwisisa kanye
nokusetjenziswa kwelimi
Amatheksti wokuthintana
Ikulumo/ikulumo-pendulwano/ukuhlunga
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela umtlamo, ukueditha nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo wetheksti
ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
Ukulungiselela iinhlahlubo
Ukutlola nokwethula
i-eseyi
amatheksti wokuthintana
Ukurhunyeza
Zemitlolo:
Inovela/ubukghwari bomlomo
Umdlalo
Iinkondlo
39 kanye
40
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
Iinhlahlubo zokuphela komnyaka
Imisebenzi elungiselelweko yokuhlolwa
Umsebenzi 10
*Zomlomo: ikulumo elungiselelweko/ukubuyekeza
Umsebenzi 11
Iinhlahlubo zokuphela komnyaka:
Iphepha 1: ukufunda nokubukela
Iphepha 2: ukutlola
Iphepha 3: zomlomo
50 | P a g e
3.5.3 IGREYIDI 12
IGREYIDI 12 ITHEMU 1
Iiimvek Ukulalela nokukhuluma
e
Ukulalela ngokuzwisisa
Ukutlola nokwethula
(umbiko, ukuhlaziya nokukhuthaza)
Amatshwayo aqakathekileko
wamatheksti
Isifundo sezemitlolo:
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama--4
Amatheksti wokuthintana:
Incwadi yobungani/ Iincwadi zokomthetho
(yesibawo/ yokunghonghoyila/ yokubawa
umsebenzi) incwadi yokomthetho
neyobungani ephaphandabeni/
Ikharikhyulamu vithaye
nencwadi ekhambisana nayo/ umlando
kamufi/ i-ajenda namaminidi
womhlangano
1 kanye 2
Ukufunda nokubukela
Iingcoco/ikulumiswano / umbiko
/ukubuyekeza
3 kanye 4
•
•
Amatshwayo nemithetho
Ukutlama, ukurhubhulula,
ukuhlela nokwethula
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
•
•
Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa :
Amaqhinga asebenzisa
amatheksti atloliweko: qala u3.2
•
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi: Ama-iri ama-4
Ukulalela ngokuzwisisa
(umbiko, ukuhlaziya nokukhuthaza)
5 kanye 6
Isikhathi: I-iri li-1
•
Ukufunda
ngokuzwisisa:
Ukuthuthukisa ilwazi-magama
nokusetjenziswa kwelimi
•
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi:Ama-iri ama- 4
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela umtlamo,
uku-editha nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo wetheksti
ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
1 x I-Eseyi: evezako /ecocako/
ephikisanako /emahlangothi mabili/
ehlathululako
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela umtlamo,
uku-editha nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo wetheksti
ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
Amatheksti wokuthintana
umbiko/ukubuyekeza/ i-athikili ephephandaba/i-athikili yemagazini
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela umtlamo,
uku-editha nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo wetheksti
ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
51 | P a g e
Ikulumo elungiselelweko/
engakalungiselelwa
7 kanye 8
•
•
Amatshwayo nemithetho
yetheksti ekhethiweko
(amaqhinga wokukhuluma
tjhatjhalazi, isakhiwo kanye
nendlela yokuzilungiselela)
Ukutlama, ukurhubhulula,
ukuhlela nokwethula
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi:Ama-iri ama- 4
•
•
Amatshwayo nemithetho
Ukutlama, ukurhubhulula,
ukuhlela nokwethula
Zomlomo: Ukulalela
ngokuzwisisa
Ukutlola: I-eseyi
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
1 x I-Eseyi: evezako / ecocako/
ephikisanako /emahlangothi mabili/
ehlathululako
•
Ukutlolwa
kwesirhunyezo
•
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi:Ama-iri ama- 4
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
Umsebenzi wokuhlolwa ohlelekileko
Umsebenzi1
Umsebenzi 2
Amatheksti wokuthintana:
Incwadi yangakomthetho yesibawo
somsebenzi nanyana ikharikhyulamu
vhitha
/isibawo/ukunghonghoyila/ukuthokoza/(uk
u-oda/ukhangisa) ikulumopendulwano/ukubuyekeza umbiko
ukubuyekeza/ukubika(incwadi yobungani
nanyana yokomthetho
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela umtlamo,
uku-editha nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo wetheksti
ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
Ikulumo elungiselelweko/
engakalungiselelwa
9 kanye 10
Ukurhumutjha amatheksti
abonwako
Isib. Imikhangiso, amakhathuni,
iinthombe
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela umtlamo,
uku-editha nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo wetheksti
ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
Umsebenzi 3
Umsebenzi 4
Umsebenzi 5
Ukutlola: umtlolo
wokuthintana
Zomlomo: Ikulumo
elungiselelweko/nenga
kalungiselelwa
Isihlahlubo 1: Isifundo
sokuzwisisa kanye
nokusetjenziswa
kwelimi kanye
nesirhunyezo
NOFANA
Zemitlolo: Imibuzo
emifitjhani/ i-eseyi
yezemitlolo
52 | P a g e
IGREYIDI 12 ITHEMU 2
Iiimvek Ukulalela nokukhuluma
e
Ikulumo-pendulwano/indlela
yokuhlunga
/amatshwayo
Ukufunda nokubukela
•
11 kanye 12
•
•
•
Amatshwayo nemithetho
Ukutlama, ukurhubhulula,
ukuhlela nokwethula
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
Ikulumo-pikiswano /iforamu /
isiqhema /ingcoco yephaneli
13 kanye 14
•
•
Amatshwayo nemithetho
Ukutlama, ukurhubhulula,
ukuhlela nokwethula
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa:
Amaqhinga asebenzisa
amatheksti atloliweko: qala u-3.2
•
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
•
Ukutlolwa kwesirhunyezo
•
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi:Ama-iri ama- 4
Ukutlola nokwethula
Amatheksti wokuthintana:
Ikulumo/ikulumopendulwano/ukuhlunga
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela
umtlamo, uku-editha
nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo
wetheksti ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
1 x I-Eseyi: evezako / ecocako/
ephikisanako /emahlangothi mabili/
ehlathululako
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela
umtlamo, uku-editha
nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo
wetheksti ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
53 | P a g e
Iingcoco
ezingakalungiselelwa/ikulumisw
ano
•
Ukurhumutjha amatheksti
abonwako (isib.
Imikhangiso, amakhathuni
neenthombe)
•
•
•
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Amatshwayo nemithetho
Ukusebenzisa imithetho
Isikhathi:Ama-iri ama- 4
15 kanye 16
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
Ikulumo elungiselelweko/
engakalungiselelwa
19
kanye
20
17 kanye 18
•
•
Amatshwayo nemithetho
Ukutlama, ukurhubhulula,
ukuhlela nokwethula
• Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa:
Ukuthuthukisa ilwazi-amagama
nokusetjenziswa kwelimi
•
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi:Ama-iri ama- 4
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
Amatheksti wokuthintana:
Incwadi yobungani/ Iincwadi
zokomthetho(yesibawo/
yokunghonghoyila/ yokubawa
umsebenzi) incwadi yokomthetho
neyobungani ephaphandabeni/
Ikharikhyulamu vithaye
nencwadi ekhambisana nayo/
umlando kamufi/ i-ajenda
namaminidi womhlangano
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela
umtlamo, uku-editha
nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo
wetheksti ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
•
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
Amatheksti wokuthintana
Ikulumo/ikulumopendulwano/ukuhlungwa
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela
umtlamo, uku-editha
nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo
wetheksti ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
Iinhlahlubo zesiquntu somnyaka
Imisebenzi elungiselelweko yokuhlolwa
Umsebenzi 6
Umsebenzi 7
i-eseyi yezomlomo
Zomlomo:
Ikulumo elungiselelweko/ikulumo
engakalungiselelwa
Umsebenzi 8
Iinhlahlubo zaphakathi komnyaka
Iphepha 1: Ukufunda nokubukela
Iphepha 2: Ukutlola
54 | P a g e
IGREYIDI 12 ITHEMU 3
AMAKGHONO
Iiimvek Ukulalela nokukhuluma
e
Ingcoco
engakalungiselelwa/ikul
umiswano
Ukufunda nokubukela
Ukutlola nokwethula
•
Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa : Amaqhinga
asebenzisa amatheksti atloliweko: qala
u-3.2
Amatheksti wokuthintana
umbiko/ukubuyekeza/ i-athikili
ephepha-ndaba/i-athikili
yemagazini
•
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela
umtlamo, uku-editha
nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo
wetheksti ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
Amatheksti wokuthintana:
Ikulumo/ikulumopendulwano/ukuhlunga
•
21 kanye 22
•
•
Amatshwayo
nemithetho
Ukusetjenziswa
kwemithetho
Isikhathi: Ama-iri ama-4
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
Ukwethula
isikhulumi/amagama
wokuthokoza
•
Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa:
Ukurhumutjha amatheksti abonwako
.
•
23 kanye 24
Isifundo sezemitlolo
•
Amatshwayo
nemithetho
Ukusebenzisa
imithetho
Isikhathi: I-iri- li-1
•
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela
umtlamo, uku-editha
nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo
wetheksti ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
55 | P a g e
Ukulinganisa
kwezomlomo
•
Ukutlolwa kwesirhunyezo
•
Isifundo sezemitlolo
25 kanye 26
Isikhathi:Ama-iri ama- 4
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela
umtlamo, uku-editha
nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo
wetheksti ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
27 kanye 28
IGREYIDI 12 ITHEMU 3
Iiimvek Ukulalela nokukhuluma
e
Ukuhlungwa kwezomlo
29 kanye 30
Amatheksti wokuthintana:
Amatheksti wokuthintana:
Incwadi yobungani/ Iincwadi
zokomthetho(yesibawo/
yokunghonghoyila/ yokubawa
umsebenzi) incwadi yokomthetho
neyobungani ephaphandabeni/
Ikharikhyulamu vithaye
nencwadi ekhambisana nayo/
umlando kamufi/ i-ajenda
namaminidi womhlangano
Ukufunda nokubukela
Ukutlola nokwethula
Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa:
Ukuthuthukisa ilwazi-amagama
nokusetjenziswa kwelimi
Amatheksti wokuthintana
umbiko/ukubuyekeza/ i-athikili ephephandaba/i-athikili yemagazini
•
Isifundo sezemitlolo
Isikhathi:ama-irir ama- 4
Indlela yokutlola
• Ukuhlela, ukubuyelela umtlamo,
uku-editha nokwethula.
• Isakhiwo/ Amatshwayo wetheksti
ekhethiweko.
• Ukubunjwa komutjho
• Ukutlolwa kwesigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela nephimbo
• Imithetho yelimi
Isikhathi: ama-iri ama-4
iinhlahlubo zokulinga
Imisebenzi elungiselelweko yokuhlolwa
Umsebenzi 10
Umsebenzi 11
Zomlomo: ikulumo
**iinhlahlubo zokulingwa
elungiselelwekoIphepha 1: Ukufunda nokubukela
ukwethulwa
Iphepha 2: Ukutlola
kwesikhulumi/amagama
wokuthokoza
56 | P a g e
IGREYIDI 12 ITHEMU 4
Ukulalela nokukhuluma
Ukufunda nokubukela
Ukutlola nokwethula
Ukulinganisa zomlomo
Ukulungiselelwa kweenhlahlubo
ngokusebenzisa ilwazi
langaphambilini lelimi kanye
namaphepha weenhlahlubo
zemitlolo aphathelene:
Ukulungiselela ihlahlubo
ngokusebenzisa amaphepha
weenhlahlubo ezidlulileko:
31 kanye 32
Iiimvek
e
39 kanye 40 37 kanye 38 35 kanye 36
33 kanye 34
Ukulinganisa zomlomo
Ukufunda
Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa kanye
nokusetjenziswa kwelimi
Ukurhunyeza
Zemitlolo:
Inovela/ubukghwari bomlomo
Umdlalo
Iinkondlo
Ukulungiselelwa kweenhlahlubo
ngokusebenzisa ilwazi
langaphambilini lelimi kanye
namaphepha weenhlahlubo
zemitlolo aphathelene:
Ukufunda
Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa kanye
nokusetjenziswa kwelimi
Ukutlola
Ama-Eseyi
Amatheksti wokuthintana
Ukulungiselela ihlahlubo
ngokusebenzisa amaphepha
weenhlahlubo ezidlulileko:
Ukutlola
Ama-Eseyi
Amatheksti wokuthintana
Ukurhunyeza
Zemitlolo:
Inovela/ubukghwari bomlomo
Umdlalo
Iinkondlo
Iinhlahlubo ezivela ngaphandle kwesikolo
Iinhlahlubo ezivela ngaphandle kwesikolo
Iinhlahlubo ezivela ngaphandle kwesikolo
Iphepha 1: Ukufunda nokubukela
Iphepha 2: Ukutlola
Iphepha 3: Zomlomo
57 | P a g e
ISIGABA 4
4.1
ISINGENISO
Ukuhlola yikambiso eragela phambili etlanyiweko yokuqala, ukubuthelela kanye nokurhumutjha ilwazi
elimayelana nokusebenza kwabafundi, ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezihlukeneko zokuhlola. Kufaka
hlangana amagadango amane: ukuhloza kanye nokubuthelela ubufakazi bokuzuza, ukuhlola
ubufakazobu: ukutlola phasi lokho okutholakeleko bese kusetjenziswa ilwazeli ukuzwisisa begodu
nokusiza ekuthuthukiseni umfundi ukuze kwenziwe ngcono ikambiso yokufunda nokufundisa.
Ukuhlola kufanele kwenziwe ngazo zombili iindlela kube ngokungakahleleki (Ukuhlola mayelana
nokufunda) nangokuhlelekileko (Ukuhlola kokufunda). Kizo zombili iindawezi umbiko obuyako kufanele
unikelwe abafundi ukwenza ngcono ilemuko lokufunda.
Ukuhlola amakghono welimi kufanele kuhlanganiswe. Ukuhlola indima yesifundo sokuzwisisa kufanele
kuhlanganiswe nokusetjenziswa kwelimi. Ukuhlolwa kokutlola kufanele kufake neenhloko ezikhuluma
ngezinto ezenzeka ebujameni bawoke malanga.
4.2
UKUHLOLA OKUNGAKAHLELEKI NANYANA UKUHLOLWA KWANGAMALANGA
Ukuhlola okumayelana nokufunda kunomnqopho wokuragela phambili ngokubuthelela ilwazi ngalokho
umfundi akuzuzileko okungasetjenziswa ukwenza ngcono ukufunda kwabo.
Ukuhlola okungakahleleki kutjheja iragelo phambili labafundi okwenziwa ngamalanga. Lokhu kwenziwa
ngendlela yokutjheja, ukucocisana, ukutjengisa ngendlela ebonakalako, amakhomferensi wabafundi
nabotitjhere, ukukhulumisana ngendlela engakahleleki ngetlasini, njll. Ukuhlola okungakahleleki
kungaba lula njengokujama lokha nakufundwako ukutjheja abafundi nanyana ukucocisana nabafundi
ngendlela ifundo eraga ngayo. Ukuhlola okungakahleleki kufanele kusetjenziselwe ukunikela abafundi
umbiko obuyako ngalokho abakwenzileko nokutjengisa ukutlamela ukufunda, kodwana akutlhogeki bona
kutlolwe phasi. Akukafaneli kubonwe njengento ehlukileko kunemisebenzi efundwako leyo efundwa
ngetlasini. Abafundi nanyana abotitjhere bangatshwaya lemisebenzi ehlolwako.
Ukuzihlola ngokwakho kanye nokuhlolwa mngani ngokumajadu kufaka hlangana abafundi ekuhloleni.
Lokhu kuqakathekile ngombana kuvumela abafundi bafunde kikho begodu batjengise ngemiphumelabo.
Imiphumela yemisebenzi yangamalanga ehlolwa ngendlela engakahleleki ayitlolwa phasi
ngokuhlelekileko ngaphandle kwalokha nangabe utitjhere nakafisa ukwenza lokho. Imiphumela
yemisebenzi ehlolwa ngamalanga ayitjhejwa nakukhutjhulwa abafundi kanye neenkambisweni
zeentifikeyidi.
4.3
UKUHLOLA OKUHLELEKILEKO
Yoke imisebenzi ehlolwako ebumba ihlelo elihlekileko lokuhlola mayelana nomnyaka ithathwa
njengokuhlola okuhlelekileko. Imisebenzi yokuhlola okuhlelekileko iyatshwaywa bese itlolwa phasi
ngutitjhere ngendlela ehlelekileko mayelana neragelo phambili kanye nomnqopho wesitifikeyidi. Yoke
imisebenzi yokuhlola ehlelekileko kumele ihlolwe ngokomnqopho wokuyiqinisekisa begodu nokwenza
isiqiniseko sokobana kutjhejwe amazinga afaneleko.
Ukuhlola okuhlelekileko kunikela abotitjhere indlela ehlelekileko yokuhlola indlela ehle abafundi
abaragela phambili ngayo kugreyidi begodu nesifundweni esithileko. Iimbonelo zokuhlola okuhlelekileko
zifaka hlangana ukuhlola, iinhlahlubo, imisebenzi eyenziwako, amaphrojekthi, okwethulwa ngomlomo,
ukutjengisa ukwenza njll. Imisebenzi yokuhlola okuhlelekileko ibumba ingcenye yeHlelo lokuHlola
okuhlelekileko elithatha umnyaka woke kugreyidi ngayinye kanye nesifundo.
Amathebula alandelako la anikela ngeendingo zokuhlola okuhlelekileko mayelana neLimi leKhaya:
58 | P a g e
Ithebula 1: AmaGreyidi 10 - 11
Ukuhlola okuhlelekileko
Phakathi komnyaka
Iinhlahlubo zokuphela komnyaka
25%
Ukuhlolwa okwenziwa
esikolweni (SBA) –
25%
75%
• 2 iinhlahlubo
• 7 imisebenzi
• 1 isihlahlubo(phakathi
nomnyaka)
Amaphepha weenHlahlubo zokuphela komnyaka
62,5%
12,5%
Iinhlahlubo ezitlolwako
Iphepha 1 (Ama-iri ama-3) – Ukufunda
nokubukela
Iphepha 2 (Ama-iri ama-3 ) - Ukutlola
Imisebenzi ehlolwa
ngokomlomo: Iphepha
3
Ukukhuluma
Ukulalela
Imisebenzi yomlomo
eyenziwa phakathi
komnyaka ibumba
ukuhlola okwenziwa
ngaphandle ekupheleni
komnyaka.
Ithebula 2: IGreyidi 12
Ukuhlola okuhlelekileko
Phakathi komnyaka
Iinhlahlubo zokuphela komnyaka
25%
Ukuhlolwa okwenziwa
esikolweni (SBA) –
25%
75%
• 1 Isihlahlubo
• 7 Imisebenzi
• 2 Iinhlahlubo
(phakathi komnyaka
kanye nokulingelela)
Amaphepha weenHlahlubo zokuphela komnyaka
62,5%
Iinhlahlubo ezitlolwako
Iphepha 1 (Ama-iri ama-3) – Ukufunda
nokubukela
Iphepha 2 (Ama-iri ama-3 ) - Ukutlola
12,5%
Imisebenzi ehlolwa
ngokomlomo: Iphepha
3
Ukukhuluma
Ukulalela
Imisebenzi yomlomo
eyenziwa phakathi
komnyaka ibumba
ukuhlola okwenziwa
ngaphandle ekupheleni
komnyaka.
Iindlela zokuhlola ezisetjenziswako kufanele zikhambisane nomnyaka ofaneleko kanye nezinga
lokuthuthuka okufaneleko. Ukutlanywa kwemisebenzi le kufanele kufake okumunyethweko esifundweni
begodu kufake hlangana imisebenzi ehlukileko etlanyelwe ukuzuza iminqopho yesifundo.
Ukuhlola okuhlelekileko kufanele kutjheje amazinga ahlukeneko wokuzwisisa namakghono wabafundi
njengombana avezwe ngenzasi:
59 | P a g e
Ithebula 3
Amazinga
wokuzwisisa
Zemitlolo
(Izinga 1)
Umsebenzi
Imibuzo eqalene nelwazi elivezwe kuhle kutheksti.
• Ukutjho izinto/abantu/ama-elemende…
• Ukuveza amaphuzu/iinzathu/amaphuzu/imibono …
• Ukuqala iinzathu/ abantu / abanobangela …
• Ukurhemisa amaphuzu/amabizo/iinzathu …
• Ukuhlathulula indawo/umuntu/umlingisi ..
• Ukucoca ngesehlakalo/isahluko/ilemuko …
Ukuhlelwa
ngobutjha
(Izinga 2)
Imibuzo efuna ukutsengwa, ukubuthelelwa nanyana ukuhlola ilwazi elifaneleko
elivezwe kutheksti.
• Ukurhunyeza amaphuzu aqakathekileko/imibono/okuhle/okumbi …
• Ukubuthelela ama-elemende/amafektha avamikelo …
•Veza ukufana /imahluko …
• Nikela isirhunyezo salokhu …
Iinqunto
(Izinga 3)
Imibuzo etlhoga bona umfundi azibandakanye kuhle ngelwazi elivezwe kutheksti
ngokwelemuko lakhe.
• Ukuhlathulula umbono oqakathekileko …
• Ukumadanisa imibono/imikghwa/nendlela yokwenza …
• Uyini umnqopho womtloli (nanyana womlingisi) / umukghwa/ ukusekela/
isizathu …
•Hlathulula unobangela/umphumela …
• Isenzo/umukghwa/isiphakamiso sivezani ngomcoci/ngomtloli/ ngomlingisi …
• Isingathekiso/isifaniso/umfanekiso ukuthinta njani ukuzwisisa kwakho …
• Ucabanga bona umphumela/isithintela (njll) wesenzo/ubujamo uzakuba yini …
Imibuzo le iqalene nokuhlulela okumayelana nobungako nefuneko. Lokhu kufaka
hlangana ukuhlulela okumayelana nokwamambala, ukufaneleka, amaphuzu
nemibono, ukuba semthethweni, isizathu nokubeka iinzathu, nezinto ezifana
nokurhalela kanye nokwamukelwa kweenqunto kanye nezenzo ngokwemikghwa.
• Ingabe ucabanga bona lokho okwenzekileko kuyinto
ehle/yamambala/ekghonekako …?
•Ingabe ipikiswano yomtloli isemthethweni/ihlelekile/inesiphetho …
• Coca/Tshwaya ngelihlo elibukhali
ngesenzo/ihloso/imikghwa/iimphakamiso/okuhlongozwako …
• Ingabe uyavumelana nombono/isitatimende/okutjhejwako/ihlathululo
•Ngowakho umbono, ingabe umtloli/umcoci/umlingisi ufanele ukuphakamisa/
ukusekela bona … (Sekela ipendulwakho/nikela iinzathu zependulwakho.)
• Ingabe indlela yokuziphatha komlingisi/imikghwa/ izenzo ziyavumeleka
nanyana ziyamukeleka kuwe? Nikela isizathu sependulwakho.
• Imikghwa/izenzo/ iinhloso zomlingisi…zitjengisa ini ngomlingisi ebujameni
bemikghwa mazombe?
• Ngokuhlabako coca/phawula ngobungako bokwahlulela okwenziwe kutheksti
Ukuhlola
(Izinga 4)
Ukuthokozela
(Izinga 5)
Amaphesende
womsebenzi
Amazinga 1
kanye 2: 40%
Izinga 3: 40%
Amazinga 4
kanye 5: 20%
umbono
Imibuzo le kuhloswe bona ihlole amandla wengqondo nobukghwari betheksti
kumfundi. Itjheja ukuziphendulela ngokokuthatheka kubujamo, ukuqala abalingisi
nanyana izehlakalo, nokuphendulwa elimini elisetjenziswa mtloli (okufana
nokukhetha amagama kanye neenthombe-ngqondo).
• Coca ngependulwakho kutheksti/isehlakalo/ubujamo/irarano/ umraro…
• Ingabe uyazwelana nomlingisi? Ngisphi isenzo/ isiqunto ogade ungasithatha
nangabe bewusebujameni obufana nalobo?
• Coca/tshwaya ngendlela umtloli asebenzisa ngayo ilimi …
• Coca ngokuphumelela komtloli ngokwesitayela/isingeniso/ isiphetho/ iinthombengqondo/ iingathekiso/ ukusetjenziswa kwamaqhinga wekondlo/ iinsetjenziswa
zemitlolo …
60 | P a g e
4.4
IHLELO LOKUHLOLA
Ihlelo lokuHlola litlanyelwe ukunabisa imisebenzi yokuhlola okuhlelekileko kizo zoke iimfundo esikolweni
kuthemu yokana.
4.4.1
Amathebula alandelako akunikela isithombe seendingo zeHlelo lokuHlola kuthemu ngayinye mayelana
namaLimi weKhaya:
Ithebula 4.1: AmaGreyidi 10 - 11
IHlelo lokuHlola
SBA qobe yithemu
Ithemu 4:
Ithemu 3:
Ithemu 1:
Ithemu 2:
1 Isihlahlubo
1 Isihlahlubo
Isihlahlubo esitlolwako
1 Umsebenzi
sangaphakathi
esitlolwako
+
+
sokuphela komnyaka
+
3 Imisebenzi
1 Isihlahlubo saphakathi
sifaka
2 Imisbenzi
nomnyaka
Amaphepha ama-2 :
Sifaka:
Iphepha 1: : Ukufunda
Amaphepha ama-2:
nokubukela
Iphepha 1: Ukufunda
Iphepha 2: Ukutlola
nokubukela
+
Iphepha 2: Ukutlola
Iphepha 3: Zomlomo:
+
1 Umsebenzi
Amamaksi wethemu (Amathemu 1 – 4):
• Ithemu ngayinye , ihlanganisa amamaksi njengombana anjalo kanye namanani woke bese itjhugululela
kumaphesende mayelana namamaksi wethemu.
Amamaksi wokudlulisela phambili:
• Hlanganisa amamaksi anjengombana anjalo kanye namanani woke mayelana nokuhlola umsebenzi
ukusukela kuthemu yoku-1 ukuya kuthemu yesi-4 bese utjhugululela kumaphesende ama-25%
• Tjhugulula Iphepha 1 libe maphesende ama- 32,5%,
• Tjhugulula Iphepha 2 libe maphesende ama -30%,
• Tjhugulula amamaksi wezomlomo (Iphepha 3) libe maphesende ali- 12,5%
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Ithebula 4.2: AmaGreyidi 10-11
IHlelo lokuHlola
Ithemu 1
Umsebenzi 1
Umsebenzi 2
Umsebenzi 3
Umsebenzi 4
Isihlahlubo2: Ukufunda
*Zomlomo: Ukufunda
**Ukutlola:I-eseyi
**Ukutlola : Amatheksti
ngokuzwisisa
ngokuzwisisa esilalelwako
eyingcoco /
wokuthintana: Iincwadi
nokusetjenziswa kwelimi
ehlathululako/
zobungani nezomthetho
begodu nesirhunyezo
ephikisako (Gr. 10)
(isibawo/ isinghonghoyilo/
isibawo / ibhizinisi) incwadi NANYANA
Zemitlolo : Imibuzo
Ukutlola: I-eseyi eveza
yomthetho nengasiyo
emifitjhani/ i-eseyi
okuthileko / ecocako /
yomthetho eya
yezemitlolo
ephikisako
kumaphephandaba/
ikharikhyulamu vithayi
(Gr. 11)
nencwadi eba
mkhambisani/ umlando
kamufi/ i-ajenda
namaminidi womhlangano/
i-athikili yephephandaba l/
i-athikili yemagazini/
ikulumo/ikulumopendulwano ukuhlunga
Ithemu 2
Umsebenzi 5
Umsebenzi 6
**Zomlomo:
Iinhlahlubo zaphakathi komnyaka
Ikulumo elungiselelweko nengakalungiselelwa
Iphepha 1: Ukufunda nokubukela
Iphepha 2: Ukutlola
Umsebenzi 7
Zomtlolo: Imibuzo emide
Ithemu 3
Umsebenzi 8
Umsebenzi 9
* Zomlomo:
Isihlahlubo2: Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa, nokusetjenziswa
Ikulumo elungiselelweko kwelimi begodu nesirhunyezo NANYANA
nengakalungiselelwa
Zemitlolo : Imibuzo emifitjhani/ imibuzo emide
Ithemu 4
Umsebenzi 10
*Zomlomo Ikulumo elungiselelweko – Ukwethula
isikhulumi/ ukuthokoza (Gr. 10)
Zomlomo: Ikulumo elungiselelweko – Umbiko/
Ukuhlola (Gr. 11)
Umsebenzi 11
Iinhlahlubo zokuphela komnyaka:
Iphepha 1: Ukufunda nokubukela
Iphepha 2: Ukutlola
Iphepha 3: Zomlomo
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Ithebula 4.3: IGreyidi 12
Ithemu 1:
Isihlahlubo esitlolwako
+
4 Imisebenzi
IHlelo lokuHlola
SBA qobe yithemu
Ithemu 2:
2 Imisebenzi
1 Isihlahlubo saphakathi
nomnyaka
Sifaka:
Amaphepha ama-2:
Iphepha 1: Ukufunda
nokubukela
Iphepha 2: Ukutlola
Ithemu 3:
1 Isifundo sokulingelela
sifaka
Amaphepha ama-2:
Iphepha 1: Ukufunda
nokubukela
Iphepha 2 Ukutlola
NANYANA
Isihlahlubo esitlolwako
+
1 Umsebenzi
Iinhlahlubo
zangaphandle
Ithemu 4:
1 Isihlahlubo
sangaphandle sifaka
Amaphepha ama-2:
Iphepha 1: Ukufunda
nokubukela
Iphepha 2 Ukutlola
+
Iphepha 3: Zomlomo:
Amamaksi wethemu (Amathemu 1 – 3):
• Ithemu ngayinye, bala amamaksi wamambala kanye namanani woke bese uwatjhugululela
kumaphesende % mayelana namamaksi wethemu .
Amamaksi we-SBA:
• Hlanganisa amamaksi anjengombana anjalo kanye namanani woke mayelana nokuhlola umsebenzi
ukusukela kuthemu yoku-1 ukuya kuthemu yesi-4 bese utjhugululela kumaphesende ama-25%
Isihlahlubo sangaphandle
• Tjhugulula Iphepha 1 libe maphesende ama- 32,5%,
• Tjhugulula Iphepha 2 libe maphesende ama -30%,
• Tjhugulula amamaksi wezomlomo (Iphepha 3) libe maphesende ali- 12,5%
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Ithebula 4.4: IGreyidi 12
IHlelo lokuHlola
Ithemu 1
Umsebenzi1
Umsebenzi 2
Umsebenzi 3
Umsebenzi 4
*Zomlomo:
Ukufunda
ngokuzwisisa
esilalelwako
**Ukutlola:I-eseyi
eyingcoco /
ehlathululako/
ephikisako (Gr. 10)
**Ukutlola :
Amatheksti
wokuthintana:
Iincwadi zobungani
nezomthetho
(isibawo/
isinghonghoyilo/
isibawo / ibhizinisi)
incwadi yomthetho
nengasiyo
yomthetho eya
kumaphephandaba/
ikharikhyulamu
vithayi nencwadi eba
mkhambisani/
umlando kamufi/ iajenda namaminidi
womhlangano/ iathikili
yephephandaba l/ iathikili yemagazini/
ikulumo/ukuhlunga
Ithemu 2
Zomlomo: Ikulumo
Isihlahlubo 1:
elungiselelweko
Ukufunda
nengakalungiselelwa ngokuzwisisa
nokusetjenziswa
kwelimi begodu
nesirhunyezo
NANYANA
Zemitlolo : Imibuzo
emifitjhani/ emideo
Ukutlola: I-eseyi
ehlathululako /
eveza okuthileko /
ephikisako
(Gr. 11)
Umsebenzi 6
I-eseyi yezemitlolo
Umsebenzi 7
** Zomlomo:
Ikulumo
elungiselelweko
nengakalungiselelwa
Umsebenzi 9
Zomlomo Ikulumo elungiselelweko –
Ukwethula isikhulumi/ Ukuthokoza
Umsebenzi 5
Umsebenzi 8
Iinhlahlubo zaphakathi
komnyaka
Iphepha 1: Ukufunda
nokubukela
Iphepha 2: Ukutlola
Ithemu 3
Umsebenzi 10
**Iinhlahlubo zokulinga
Iphepha 1Ukufunda nokubukela
Iphepha 2: Ukutlola
Tjheja:
Isihlahlubo eHlelweni lokuHlola akukafaneli kwenziwe ngeenhlahlubo ezinengi ezincani. Isihlahlubo ngasinye
kufanele sifake umsebenzi omnengi wokumunyethweko begodu kufanele sithathe amaminidi ama-45 ukuya
kumaminidi ama-60 bese sitjengisa amazinga welwazi ahlukeneko njengombana ahlelelwe amaphepha
weenhlahlubo
64 | P a g e
4.4.2 Iinhlahlubo
Ukubumbeka kwamaphepha weenhlahlubo iphepha loku-1 kanye nelesi- 2
TJHEJA:
Ukutlola ngokuhlukanisa kufaka hlangana amalimi alandelako: i-Afrikaans, i-English, iSepedi, iSesotho,
iSetswana, iTshivenda kanye neXitsonga.
Ukutlola ngokuhlanganisa kufaka hlangana amalimi alandelako: IsiNdebele, IsiXhosa, IsiZulu kanye neSiswati.
IPHEPHA
ISIGABA
AMAMAKSI
ISIKHATHI
A: Ukufunda ngokuzwisisa nokusetjenziswa kwelimi
40
130 Ama-iri ama3
(Kungasetjenziswa amatheksti ahlukeneko kufakwe hlangana
AmaGreyidi
amatheksti abonwako nangabonwako)
10 ukuya ku12
• Izakhiwo zelimi (amagama nemitjho)kufanele zihlolwe
ngokobujamo
• Ilemuko lelimi ngelihlo elihlabako.
• Abafundi kufanele baqale begodu bahlathulule amandla
wamaqhinga afana nokusetjenziswa kwemihlobo yefonti
nobukhulu, iinhloko kanye namathayitlela njll.
10
B: Isirhunyezo: Ukutlola ngokuhlukanisa (IGreyidi 10: 70 – 80
amagama, IGreyidi 11: 80 -90 amagama, IGreyidi 12: 80-90
amagama) Ukutlola ngokuhlanganisa (IGreyidi 10:60 – 70
amagama, IGreyidi 11: 70-80 amagama, IGreyidi 12: 70-80
amagama) –.Indima akukafaneli iphume kutheksti yesifundo
sokuzwisisa
1. Ukufunda nokuBukela
Ubude betheksti:
AmaGreyidi
Inani lamagama
10
amagama pheze ama- 220
11
amagama pheze ama-250
12
amagama pheze ama- 270
C. Zemitlolo
C1: Ikondlo - Ebonwako (imibuzo emifitjhani / imibuzo emide
ebuya eenkondlweni ezine ezibonwako zimbili zazo okufanele
ziphendulwe) nengabonwako (imibuzo emifitjhani) (ebonwako=
20; engabonwako = 10) Ubude bemihlobo yemibuzo ema-eseyi
nanyana emide:
AmaGreyidi
10
30
Inani lamagama
90 – 140 amagama
11
140 – 190 amagama
12
190 – 240 amagama
65 | P a g e
Hlola lokhu okulandelako ku-eseyi yekondlo:
•
Okumunyethweko (Ukuhlathulula isihloko, ipikiswano
engeneleleko, ukuhlela nokuzwisiswa kwekondlo ) (60%)
•
Ilimi (Isakhiwo, ukulandelana kuhle nokwethula, ilimi,
iphimbo kanye nesitayela) (40%)
C2: Inovela/ ubukghwari bomlomo- Umbuzo omude nanyana
umbuzo omfitjhani
Hlola lokhu okulandelako ku-eseyi:
25
•
Okumunyethweko (Ukuhlathulula isihloko, ipikiswano
engeneleleko, ukuhlela nokuzwisiswa kwekondlo ) (60%)
• Ilimi (Isakhiwo, ukulandelana kuhle nokwethula, ilimi,
iphimbo kanye nesitayela) (40%)
C3: Umdlalo - Umbuzo omude nanyana umbuzo omfitjhani
• YELELA: Abafundi kufanele baphendule umbuzo OWODWA
OYI-ESEYI kanye nombuzo OWODWA OMFITJHANI kungaba
kusigaba C2 nanyana kusigaba C3.
Ubude be-eseyi:
AmaGreyidi
Inani lamagama
25
10
240 – 290 amagama
11
290 – 340 amagama
12
340 – 390 amagama
Hlola lokhu okulandelako ku-eseyi:
•
Okumunyethweko (Ukuhlathulula isihloko, ipikiswano engeneleleko, ukuhlela nokuzwisiswa kwetheksti )
(60%)
• Ilimi (Isakhiwo, ukulandelana kuhle nokwethula, ilimi, iphimbo kanye nesitayela) (40%)
2. Ukutlola
IPHEPHA
ISIGABA
A: I-eseyi– i-eseyi eyodwa
ecocako / ehlathululako / enemibono ephikisako / eveza okuthileko /
etjhugulukako
Ubude be-eseyi:
AmaGreyidi
Inani lamagama
AMAMAKSI
60
120
ISIKHATHI
Ama-iri ama3
10
240 – 290 amagama
11
290 – 340 amagama
12
340 – 390 amagama
66 | P a g e
Hlola lokhu okulandelako:
• Okumunyethweko nokutlama (60%)
• Ilimi, isitayela& noku-editha30%)
• Isakhiwo (10%)
B: Amatheksti amabili – Amatheksti wokuthintana:
Incwadi yobungani/yomthetho
(yesibawo/yesinghonghoyilo/yokukufaka
isibawo/yebhizinisi/yokuthokoza/yokuthokozisa/yezwelo) iincwadi
ezisemthethweni nezingasisemthethweni eziya ephephandabeni
/ikharikhyulamu vithayi kanye nencwadi emkhambisani/ umlando
kamufi/i-ajenda kanye namaminidi womhlangano/ umbiko/ i-athikili
yephephandaba/ i-athikili kamagazini/ ikulumo/ikulumopendulwano/ukuhlunga
Ubude betheksti:
AmaGreyidi
Ukutlola
Ukutlola ngokuhlanganisa
ngokuhlukanisa
10 - 12
180 – 200 amagama
– okumunyethweko
kwaphela
60
(2 X
30)
100 – 120 amagama –
okumunyethweko kwaphela
Hlola lokhu okulandelako:
• Okumunyethweko, ukutlama nokuhlela (60%)
• Ilimi,isitayela noku-editha (40%)
Okumunyethweko okumele kwenziwe
Ukuhlola kutjheja okumunyethweko njengombana kutlolwe kilomtlolo. Ngesimanga seragelo phambili
ngokwemiqondo yokumunyethweko kiwo woke amaGreyidi, okumunyethweko namakghono ukusukela kuGreyidi
10 ukuya ku-12 kuzakuhlolwa emaphepheni weenhlahlubo zangaphandle ekupheleni kweGreyidi 12.
Ukuhlola imiSebenzi yezoMlomo: Iphepha 3
Imisebenzi yomlomo ehlolwako eyenziwa phakathi komnyaka ibumba ukuhlolwa kokupheleni komnyaka
kwangaphandle mayelana neGreyidi 12.ibumba amamaksi ama-50 walayo ama-300 ekuhlolweni kwangaphandle
kokuphela komnyaka. Imininingwana ezeleko mayelana nemisebenzi yezomlomo elawulwa phakathi komnyaka
ingendlela elandelako:
imiSebenzi yezoMlomo
Iphepha
3
IMINININGWANA
Zomlomo zizakusedwa ngaphakathi zihlolwe ngaphakathi bese
zilinganiswe ngaphandle.
• Ukukhuluma:
Ikulumo elungiselelweko
Hlola: Amakghono wokwenza irhubhululo, ukutlama nokuhlela
okumunyethweko, iphimbo, ukukhuluma kanye namakghono
wokwethula, ilemuko lokuhlaba ukusetjenziswa kwelimi,
ikhetho, ukutlama, neensetjenziswa ezilalelwako.
• Ikulumo engakalungiselelwa
Hlola: ukutlama nokuhlela okumunyethweko, iphimbo,
ukukhuluma kanye namakghono wokwethula, ilemuko
lokuhlaba ukusetjenziswa kwelimi,
AMAMAKSI
20
50
2X10
15
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•
Ukulalela
Hlola:Ukulalela ngendlela ehlabako mayelana nesifundo
sokuzwisisa, ilwazi kanye nokuhlola
15
15
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4.5
UKUTLOLA PHASI/UKUREKHODA NOKUBIKA
Ukurekhoda yikambiso lapha utitjhere atlola phasi khona amazinga wokusebenza komfundi ekuhloleni
umsebenzi othileko. Kutjengisa iragelo phambili lomfundi mayelana nokuzuza ilwazi njengombana
kuquntwe ngakhona kumThethomgomo wesiTatimende seKharikhyulamu kanye nokuHlola. Amarekhodi
wokusebenza komfundi kufanele anikele ubufakazi beragelo phambili lemiqondo hlangana negreyidi
nokulungela kwakhe ukuragela phambili nanyana ukudluliselwa kugreyidi elandelako. Ukurekhodwa
kokusebenza komfundi kufanele kusetjenziswe ukuqinisekisa iragelo phambili elenziwa botitjhere
nabafundi ekambisweni yokufunda kanye nokufundisa.
Ukubika yikambiso yokukhulumisana ngokusebenza komfundi kubafundi, kubabelethi, esikolweni kanye
nabanye abahlanganyeli. Ukusebenza komfundi kungabikwa ngeendlela ezinengi. Lokhu kufaka
hlangana amakarada wemibiko, imihlangano yababelethi, amalanga wokuvakatjhela iinkolo,
amakhonferensi wabafundi nabotitjhere, imitato, iincwadi, iincwadi zetlasi nanyana zesikolo, njll.
Abotitjhere kiwo woke amagreyidi babika ngamaphesende kuneemfundo. Amazinga ahlukeneko
wokuzuza kanye namazinga wamaphesende akhambisana nawo atjengisiwe kilethebula engenzasi.
AMAKHOWUDU NAMAPHESENDE WOKUREKHODA NOKUBIKA
IKHOWUDU
YAMANANI
UKUHLATHULULWA KWEKGHONO
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Uphumelele kuhle tle
Uphumelele
ngendlela
ethokozisako
Uphumelele ngamandla
Uphumelele ngokwaneleko
Uphumelele ngokulingeneko
Uphumelele ngendlela ephasi
Akakaphumeleli
AMAPHESENDE
80 – 100
70 – 79
60 – 69
50 – 59
40 – 49
30 – 39
0 - 29
Abotitjhere bazakutlola phasi amamaksi wamambala kunomsebenzi ngokusebenzisa itjhidi
lokurekhoda nanyana lokutlolela, kanye nombiko wamaphesende ohlukako eemfundweni
ezisemakaradeni wombiko womfundi.
4.6
UKULINGANISA UKUHLOLA
Ukulinganisa kutjho ikambiso eqinisekisa bona ukuhlola umsebenzi kwenziwa ngendlela efaneleko,
esemthethweni nethembekileko. Ukulinganisa kufanele kwenziwe emazingeni wesikolweni , kudistrki,
kusiyingi kuphrovinsi kanye nezingeni lelizwe loke. Iindlela zokwenza zokullinganisa ezipheleleko
nezifaneleko kufanele zibe khona mayelana nokuqinisekiswa kwakho koke ukuhlola iimfundo.
Faka hlangana iindingo zesifundo zokulinganisa okungilokhu:
4.6.1 Ukuhlola okuhlelekileko (SBA)
•
Iinhlahlubo zamaGreyidi 10 ne-11 zihlolwa ngaphakathi esikolweni. Umyelelisi wesifundo kufanele
alinganise isampula yemisebenzi le lokha nakavakatjhele isikolo ukobana aqale abe aqinisekise izinga
lemisebenzi kanye nokulinganiswa okwenziwe sikolo. .
69 | P a g e
•
Iinhlahlubo zeGreyidi 12 kanye nokuhlola kufanele kulinganiswe ezingeni lephrovinsi. Ikambiso le
izakulawulwa mnyango wezefundo wephrovinsi.
• Abayelelisi beemfundo kufanele linganise isampula yeenhlahlubo kanye namaphepha weenhlahlubo
ngaphambi kobana atlolwe bafundi ukuqinisekisa amazinga bese bayelelisa botitjhere ngendlela
yokusedwa kwemisebenzi le.
4.6.2 Ukuhlola imisebenzi yezemlomo
•
KuGreyidi 10 no- 11: umsebenzi ngamunye womlomo okufanele usetjenziswe njengengcenye yeHlelo
lokuHlola kufanele uthunyelwe kuhloko yamalimi ulinganiswe ngaphambi kobana abafundi batlole
umsebenzi loyo. Abotitjhere bahlola umsebenzi womlomo kuGreyidi 10 naku-11. Umyelelisi wesifundo
kufanele alinganise isampula yemisebenzi le lokha nakavakatjhele isikolo ukobana aqale abe
aqinisekise izinga lemisebenzi kanye nokulinganisa okwenziwe ngaphakathi sikolo.
•
KuGreyidi 12: Imisebenzi yomlomo kufanele isedwe esikolweni, ihlolwe ngaphakathi esikolweni begodu
ihlolwe ilinganiswe nangaphandle. Umsebenzi ngamunye womlomo okufanele usetjenziswe
njengengcenye yeHlelo lokuHlola kufanele uthunyelwe kuhloko yamalimi ukobana ulinganiswe
ngaphambi kobana abafundi batlole umsebenzi loyo. Ihloko yesifundo kufanele ihlole isampula
yemisebenzi le yomlomo lokha nakavakatjhele isikolo ukobana iqale ibe iqinisekise izinga lemisebenzi
kanye nokulinganiswa okwenziwe ngaphakathi sikolo. Isampula yabafundi esikolweni ngasinye kufanele
ilinganiswe ukufakazela amazinga womsebenzi womlomo owenziweko.
4.6.1 UkuHlola okuHlelekileko (SBA)
4.6.2 UkuHlola imisebenzi eyenziwako(PAT)
Faka hlangana iindingo zesifundo esithileko nakukghonakalako
Akukho iintjengiso namathempleyidi wokubika amayelana ne-PAT okumele afakwe
4.7
OKUVAMILEKO
Umtlolo lo kufanele ufundwe ngokukhambisana nalokhu:
4.7.1
4.7.2
[IKambiso yokuHlola yeliZwe loke, iNational Protocol of Assessment]
Imihlahlandlela yeenhlahlubo ezithileko zesifundo njengombana simunyethwe emtlameni
wetlhatlha lomgomo: Umgomo weliZwe loke ophathelene nehlelo kanye neendingo
zokuthuthukiswa kwesiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZwe loke, kumaGreyidi R-12
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IGLOZARI
I-akhronimi/ibizo-sirhunyezwa- ligama elibizekako,elakhiwa ngamaledere wokuthoma wegama (isb. FET=
Further Education and Training)
ilimi lokungezelela- (Qala ilimi lekhaya)- ngelinye ilimi elifundwa mfundi ngaphandle kwelimi lakhe lekhaya
Ubulimi-nengi bokungezelela: Umuntu lokha nakafunda ilimi( nanyana amalimi) ukungezelela elimini lakhe
lekhaya. Lelilimi alithathi indawo yelimi lekhaya kodwana lifundwa kanye kanye nelimi lekhaya. Ehlelweni
lobulimi-nengi, ilimi lekhaya liyaqinisekiswa ngesikhathi lelo lokungezelela lithathwa njengelinye lesibili
elisekelako (isib.woke amalimi wokungezelelwa, kufakwe hlangana ilimi lokuFunda nokuFundisa nawo afundiswa
kunye nelimi lekhaya kodwana akalijamiseleli).
thanda ubuhle – 1 kukarwa bubuhle belimi nokuthanda igugu lelimi emitlolweni
2. mumuntu onemizwa yokuthanda ubuhle belimi. Ubuhle bubuhle obutholakala ekghonweni lomsebenzi.
Omunye angakhuluma ngobuhle bomsebenzi, nanyana ahlolisise ngobuhle
Ifana-tjhada- kubuyabuyelela itjhada elifanako, ivamisa itjhada elingukamisa nanyana elingungwaqa.
Ukubuyelela kungabonakala ekuthomeni emagameni alandelanako nanyana ngaphakathi kwamagama
ukungahlathululeki kuhle- ukuhlathulula okubili okwenzeke ekusetjenzisweni kwegama nawulisebenzisa
ungakatjheji, ukungahlathululeki kuhle kutjhugulula umqondo( isib. Ubaba uthi ingahlatjwa ikomo emhlophe)
i-analoji - 1.ukuthola okufanako ezintweni ezibonwa njengezihlukileko.
2. ukuthola okufanako ezintweni ezibonakala njengezihlukileko , indlela yokuhlathulula nanyana yokutjengisa
okuthileko, kodwana ingasi ubufakazi. Umuntu kufanele atjheje i-analoji emamala .Kufanele kube
nokukhambisana kuhle phakathi kwento ehlathululwako kanye nemininingwana ye-analoji.
ukuveza umlingisi- ukucoca ngezehlakalo ezincani nanyana ukukhuluma ngezehlakalo ngomnqopho wokuthula
umbiko,
ukujabulisa,
nanyana
ukuveza
umlingisi
abopopayi- maqhinga wokusebenzisa umlandelande weenthombe ukwakha isithombe-ngqondo somnyakazo
nanyana sepilo
irhobho-ndaba/ibohlololo – kungazaliseki kwesiphetho egade silindelwe, sekunalokho indaba yehliswe
sisehlakalo nje esingatjho litho namkha esilihlaya eliseqadi
bunqopha- indlela yokuveza imibono emibili nanyana ehlukileko elinganako(isib. Ukuzonda khulu, ngebelo
elincani)
igama eliphikisako- ligama elitjho ihlathululo engafaniko neyelinye igama ngelimi elifanako (isib.’thaba’ kanye
‘notlhuwa’)
ngokufaneleko- nangabe ilimi lifanele lelo limi lifanelekile ngokuya kwetheksti lapho lisetjenzliswe khona(isib.
Ukuthi nilale kuhle kuzakukhambelana nesikhathi sokulala kodwana ukuthi kusile kungakhambelana nokuphuma
kwelanga)
ukuhlola- ikambiso eragela phambili
ngeendlela ezinengi ezihlukileko
ehlelekileko yokubuthelela ilwazi elimayelana nekghono lomfundi
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Ukubuyelela abokamisa- 1. ukubuyelela khulukhulu kwabokamisa emagameni amabili nanyana emagameni
amanengi isib.”Khalakatjha”
2. ukwengeza- itjhada labokamisa akunafuneko bonyana linembe: ukubuyelela kungakha umlandelande
wetjhada labokamisa endaweni ethileko
abamukelilwazi – 1. mumuntu nanyana abantu abalalelako, abafundako, nanyana ababukela amatheksti
ngomnqopho wokuthola ilwazi (Isib. abalaleli behlelo lomrhatjhi iindaba)
2. ukwengeza- khulukhulu, bamukeli-lwazi abakhambela imidlalo yeengoma nanyana umdlalo
itheksti ephathekako- itheksti enomsebenzi obonakalako begodu ayingabazeki( isib. Imagazini namaphephandaba, ama-athikili, agadangiswe emirhatjhweni nakumabonwakude, imikhangiso, amabhrotjha wokuvakatjha,
iindlela zakarhulumende, iimbonelo zeencwadi eziliqiniso)
ubuhlangothi – kuthatha enye into namkha umbono ngendlela yokukhethulula nanyana ukuthanda elinye
ihlangothi nanyana umuntu kunomunye okwenza kube budisi ukobana kuhlolwe kuhle.
2. ukwengeza. Emdlalweni weenkotlelo, “isikhuni” siba budisi ngakwelinye ihlangothi bese senze ukobana sijikele
ngehlangothinelo
okudosako- ngokuncani nanyana mbikwana otlolwe ngehla nanyana ngezasi ku-athikili, isithombe, njll.
ikhathuni- 1. ukuveza komlingisi ngendlela yokukhulisa amakghono wakhe nanyana ukuvela kwakhe.
2. ukwengeza- ukudweba ikhathuni ephepheni kwenzela ukurhwala nanyana ukuphula amatshwayo womlingisi
unobangela (qala umphumela)
- lokho okubangela bona kube nokwenzekako nanyana ubujamo
amaqhinga wesinema – iinsetjenziswa esisetjenziswako nakwakhiwa ifilimu (isib. Ukubumbeka, umkhanyo,
umhlobo wokutjhuda)
hlathulula- ukwenza ihlathululo izwakale kuhle kumfundi
Umutjhwana- beka endaweni efaneleko. “indoda eyabe yembethe irhembe ebovu yabaleka”. Umutjho oyihloko
ngothi,”Indoda yabaleka”. Amagama athi, ‘yabe yembethe irhembe ebovu ‘ mumutjho oyamileko’. Angeze
wakghona ukuzijamela uwodwa, nalokha isenzo siphelele. Imitjhwana eyamileko ithoma
ngeenhlanganiso(begodu, nanyana)nanyana nesabizwana senani (ngubani, yiphi). Isihlanganiso sihlanganisa
umutjhwana nenye ingcenye yomutjho oyihloko. “Indoda eyembethe irhembhe ebovu yabaleka”. Kilomutjho
“ukwembatha irhembe ebovu” akusiwo umutjhwana nanyana ibinzana lamagama. Isenzo asikapheleli
(kulicezwana)
isitlhori/isiqongo – Lizinga eliphezulu kunawo woke (lokugcina) lesehlakalo endabeni. Lelizinga liqakatheke
khulu.Sisehlakalo esizidlula zoke izehlakalo ngokuqakatheka okuthusako/okukarisako nanyana okwenzekako
endabeni
Ukukhambelana – 1. itjhebiswano elizwakalako elingabonakaliko elihlanganisa imibono ibumbane bese
yenza bona indima nanyana indinyana ibumbane
2. Ukungezelela: kungafaka nehlelo elaneleko ukuletha ihlathululo, nanyana ukuhlela imitjho
ngokulandelana. Ihlelo elinomraro lingenza isitatimende bona singakhambisani.
ukukhambisana –ukuhlangana nangabe imitjho, iindima ngokuhlanganiswa
neenhlanganiso, izabizwana kanye nebuyelelo
kuhle ngokufana
ukuhlanganisa – kuhlanganisa imibono evela emithonjeni ehlukahlukeneko wakhe umbono munye
ozwakalako wemibono embalwa
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ikholokhyalizimu (qala isirhumutjha) – ilimi eliba ngelekulumo engaziwa ngabanye nanyana
elingakajayeleki kodwana elingasetjenziswa elimini elihlelekileko
madanisako/-khulisako – mazinga wokumadanisa nokukhulisa (njengeemphawulo neembaluli u “omkhulu”,omkhudlwana” ,“omkhulu khulu”
madanisa- (qala okungakhambisaniko) –ukuhlola indlela izinto ezifana ngayo
Irarano- Kukulwa nanyana kuphikisana okuvela hlangana nabalingisi bodwa nanyana kwabalingisi
nobujamo obuthileko bezinto. Irarano lingavela ekuqhulaneni kwemicabango yomlingisi ayedwa.
isihlanganiso – ligama elisetjenziselwa ukuhlanganisa imitjhwana emibili, amagama , ibinzana kanye
nemitjho
Isihlanganisi- ligama elisetjenziselwa ukuhlanganisa imitjhwana emibili, amagama, ibinzana nanyana
imitjho
Ihlathululo enqophileko(qala ihlathululo ebhamba) – kokubili ukuhlangana okuhle nokumbi igama
elikubuthako ngokukusebenzisa okudlula ihlathululo ebhamba (esisekelo)
ubujamo– itheksti ngaso soke isikhathi iyasetjenziswa bese ikhiqizwa ngokobujamo; ubujamo bufaka
hlangana ubujamo obunabileko kanye nobumsinya kufakwe hlangana izinto ezifana nehlalakuhle, isiko
kanye nesendlalelo sepolotiki, ithemu lingatjho godu lokho okwenzeke ngaphambilini nanyana okulandela
igama nanyana itheksti begodu kuqakathekile ehlathululweni yalo
okumumethweko – ngilokho okungaphakathi komtlolo
amatshwayo wobujamo – Amatshwayo wobujamo kusebenzisa amagama akhambisana negama
elingaziwako ukunikela ihlathululo. Iqhingeli lokufunda lingafundiswa kanye nelwazi-magama.
ukumadanisa (qala indlela yokusetjenziswa kwelimi – ukutsengwa nanyana ukuhlolwa kwendlela
ihlathululo ebunjwa ngayo ngokuzwisisa amandla wetjhebiswano ngaphakathi nahlangana namalimi;
kunikela umfundi amandla ukobana abalekele ukudlelezelwa begodu asebenzise ilimi ngendlela
efaneleko
(qala ukumadanisa) – ukuqala indlela izinto ezihlukana ngayo
imithetho yelimi – iindlela kanye nemithetho efaneleko yokusebenzisa ilimi . eminye imithetho isiza
ukudlulisa ihlathululo (isib. Imithetho yehlelo, amagabhadlhela); eminye isiza ekwethuleni lokho
okumunyethweko (isib. Okumunyethweko, isithombe esivamileko, iinhloko, ilwazi elingezeleleko elitlolwa
phasi, amatjhadi , iinhloko, amarhelo, iinthombe, i-indeksi); begodu eminye itjengisa iphetheni yelimi ebe
esele litlanyiwe (isib. Ukulotjhisa, ukukhuluma kancazana)
ukuhlola okuragela phambili- kufaka hlangana imisebenzi ehlolwako eyenziwa umnyaka woke
ikulumo-pikiswano – kukulumo-pikiswano,iinqhema ezimbili ziphalisana ngokwazo. Umnqopho
kutjhugulula ijaji nabamukelilwazi ukobana umbonwabo ngesihloko abaphiwe sona uzwakala kuhle
begodu ungofaneleko kunaloyo wesinye isiqhema.
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Ihlathululo ebhamba (qala godu ihlathululo engakanqophi) – yihlathululo yegama njengombana linjalo
Igama elisuselwe kwelinye – igama elisuselwe kwelinye nanyana emrabhini, esikhathini esinengi
lakhiwa ngokufaka isithomo nanyana isilungelelo isib. ‘umuntu’ ususelwa esiqwini ‘-ntu’)
Ilimi lesigodi – indlela yelimi elisetjenziswa mphakathi othileko; lihluke khulu kunezinye iindlela zelimi
elifana nalo ngokwamagama, ukwakheka begodu/kanye nokuphimiswa kwamagama
itshimo lomdlalo – lenzeka lokha abamukelilwazi/ ababukeli /abafundi/ bazi izinto ezinengi ngobujamo
kanye nemiphumela yazo kunabalingisi ababandakanyekako; kwenza bona ukutjhuba komoya kurhagale,
ukuthaba kanye nokuzibandakanya kwabamukelilwazi
isakhiwo somdlalo – 1. Indlela ekhethekileko yesitayela semitlolo imidlalo etloleke ngayo
2. ukuhleleka
namatshwayo welimi emdlalweni.
kwesakhiwo,iinkundla,iinqephu,
abadlali
nakukghonakalako
Ukufika esiphethweni ; ukusebenzisa okutloliweko nanyana iinthombe-ngqondo ukubona lokho
okungakavezwa bunqopha nakafundako.
Uku-editha –ikambiso yokwenza itlhatlha nanyana ukwenza ngobutjha itlhatlha yetheksti, kufakwe
hlangana ukulungiswa kwemitjhapho yelimi, iimphumuzi nemitjhapho yokutloleka kwamagama nokuhlola
ukutlola ukobana imibono ikhambelane begodu nesakhiwo esikhambelanako; kunrhatjhi, uku-editha
kufaka hlangana ukwakha, ukukhetha nokutlama amatheksti
umphumela(qala godu unobangela) –umphumela nanyana isiphetho sesenzo nanyana ubujamo
isithintela/umphumela – ngokwenza into ethileko ithinteke ngokhunye okwenzekako/umphumela
wesehlakalo esithileko
ilimi elithinta imizwa – ilimi elivusa imizwa ebukhali
ihlonipho– ukuveza ngendlela elula nanyana engazwakaliko ejanyiselelwa ngomcabango nanyana
ngegama elizwakala lilumela nanyana libunqopha
okubonakalako (ukungakhambisani nokungabonakali)- ihlathululo etjhatjhalazi nanyana evezwe
bunqopha
ukuhlola kwangaphandle – kuhlolwa okwenzeka ngaphandle kwesikolo nanyana etlasini
hlola : bumba imibono, thatha iinqunto, kanye nokuthuthukisa imibono ekufundeni
isithombe-ngqondo – magama akha imifanekiso engqondweni (Isib: isifaniso, isingathekiso ukwenzasamuntu)
Ukutjhelela – 1. igama libuya ekugelezeni komlambo begodu liphakamisa ukukhambisana nokuhlangana
okunikela ilimi ikhwalithi yokuba nemvelo, ukusetjenziswa lula nokulirhumutjha lula
2. Ukungeza. Nendlela ehle yokulawula ihlelo (mhlamunye ingasi indlela ehle yehlelo).
ubukhulu/umhlobo weledere – bungako bobukhulu beledere elitloliweko nanyana umhlobo wamaledere
asetjenziselwa ukutlola (Isib.i-12pt kukhompyutha nanyana i- Times New Roman (umhlobo wamaledere
asetjenziswako)
ubukhulu/umhlobo weledere – bungako bobukhulu beledere elitlolweko nanyana umhlobo wamaledere
asetenziselwa ukutlola (Isib.i-12pt kukhompyutha nanyana i- Times New Roman (umhlobo wamaledere
asetjenziswako)
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ingaphambili (okungafani nengemva) – ngokusetjenziswa njengombana kusitjho, kutjho ukubekwa
kwento phakathi nanyana eqadi kwefreyimu ngaphambili, kusetjenziswe ngokufanekisa , kutjho
ukugandelela nanyana ukutjheja into eyodwa ukudlula enye
iforamu ukukhuluma ngesiqhema nanyana iforamu yekulumo-pikiswano ingasetjenziselwa
ukuphalisana nezinye iinkolo, nanyana ngetlasini ngokuhlukanisa abafundi ngeenqhema ezine, isiqhema
ngasinye sizakukhuluma ngehlangothi elihlukileko lesihloko. Ijaji lizakuthatha isiqunto ngesiqhema
esithumbileko.
ijenre – imihlobo nanyana imikhakha leyo amatheksti enziwa abe ziinqhema , isib. Inovela, umdlalo,
iinkondlo, incwadi yangokomthetho kanye nencwadi yobungani.
ukukhuluma ngezitho zomzimba– umsikinyeko wobuso
nehlathululo(isib. Ukuvuma ngehloko)
nanyana womzimba okhambisana
amagrafu – imikhiqizo ebonwako nobukghwari obuthekhnikhali (isib. ukudweba, nokutlama)
iLimi leKhaya/lokuBelethwa – lilimi umfundi alifunda kumbelethi ombelethako. Lilimi lokumunywa
ekungelakamma obeletha umfundi, isikhathi esinengi. Lilimi umntwana alifunda ekhaya. Lilimi afunda
ngalo ukucabanga nokuthintana nabanye
abomafana-peledwa– igama elinetjhada elifanako kanye nokupeledwa okufanako nelinye kodwana libe
nehlathululo ehlukileko(isib. Ibizo Ithanga ‘umgade’ ithanga ‘igoji’’)
umabizwa-fana –igama elibizeka ngokufana nelinye kodwana lipeledeka ngokuhluka
linehlathululo ehlukileko (isib. Ibizo tlhaga, tlarha’’)
begodu
irhwala – ukuthuthukisa ngamabomu (isib. Ukuhlathulula into ngendlela yokobana ibe yikulu kunalokho
engikho kwamambala: ‘wangipha intabakazi yokudla.’)
isithombe – isithombe nanyana okhunye okusitjengiso okubonwako
okungakanqophi (kunalokho okunqophileko ) – into enqophileko nanyana ephakanyisiweko kutheksti
kodwana kungavezwa bunqopha
okungakanqophi(kunalokho okutjho ihlathululo ebunqopha) – ihlathululo ephakanyiswa yitheksti
kodwana engavezwa bunqopha
Ukufaka hlangana – ikambiso yokobana ifundo kufanele itholwe ngibo boke abafundi kungakhathaleki
bona banaziphi iintayela zokufunda, ivelaphi kanye namakghono
ngokupheleleko- ikolelo yokobana ifundo kufuze itholakale kibo boke abafundi ngaphandle kwetjhejo
lefundo, ingemuva kanye nokukghona kwabo
ukuthatha isiqunto- kuthola ihlathululo ngalokho okuvezweko bese ukuthatha isiqunto ngakho koke
ukuthoma- kuthoma(isib. Kuthoma ikulumiswano)
i-inuwendo– into engasimnandi ethintwako kunokobana ivezwe tjhatjhalazi
ukuhlunga – umsebenzi wokubuthelela ilwazi nanyana ukucoca kwabantu, kuqaliswe emnqopheni
okhethekileko.
Ihluka lizwi– 1.iphetheni yokuba phezulu kwelizwi nanyana itjhuni yokukhuluma etjengisa izakhiwo
zehlelo ezifana nemitjho nanyana imitjhwana
2. Ukungezelela. Begodu lihlukanisa phakathi kwesitatimende kanye nemibuzo bese iveza
imizwa nanyana imikghwa yesikhulumi
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irhwala – yikulumo ethuwelelisako ehlathulula into ngendlela eyenza ibe yikulu kunalokho engikho (Isib.
“Wangiphakela intaba yomratha ”)
ijagoni – yikulumo namkha amathemu asetjenziswa emsebenzini/ebujameni obuthileko (Isib.
Abasebenzisa ikhomphyutha bakhuluma “ngestifi”, “i-RAM”, “ikhondlwana”, nokhunye)
imahluko yelimi- imahluko yelimi itholakala lokha amatjhuguluko amancani ngokwelwazi-magama,
isakhiwo begodu/nanyana ukuphimisa okwenziweko; kungehluka ngokweendawo nanyana ngokweenarha
amalitheresi –imihlobo ehlukeneko yelitheresi (isib. Okubonakalako, igrafu, ikhomphyutha, isirhatjhi,
amasiko nehlalakuhle)
ilitheresi (qala amalitheresi ) – ikghono lokukhambisa nokusebenzisa ilwazi mayelana neminqopho
ehlukahlukeneko kanye nobujamo begodu nokutlolela iminqopho ehlukeneko; ikghono lokurhumutjha
amatheksti , kuvumele umuntu ukobana azwisise iphasi lakhe. Ikghono lokufunda nokutlola.
ihlathululo ebhamba (ingasi ukufanekisa) – ihlathululo etjhatjhalazi, ihlathululo ebunqopha khulukhulu
engatjengiswa ngamandla wamagama
imalaphrophizimu/ukuhlanakela ngephoso – kuphambanisa nokuraranisa amagama ngomnqopho
wokufuna ukubukwa ngendlela yokobana lamagama nanyana apheze aphimiseke ngokufana kodwana
ahluke ngokwaneleko ukobana angahlekisa ngesimanga sokobana angakafaneli
ilimi elidlelezelako – ilimi elinqophe ekutholeni inzuzo ngendlela engakafaneli nanyana ngokudlelezela
abanye , isib. Imikhangiso, ukukhuluma ngokuthengiswako iinkulumo zepolotiki
amagama aziinhlathululi zelimi – ilimi elisetjenziselwa ukukhuluma ngezemitlolo kanye nelimi kanye
namathemu wehlelo ; kufaka hlangana itheminoloji efana ‘nobujamo’, ‘isitayela’, ‘isakhiwo’ kanye
‘nekulumo-pendulwano’
isingathekiso – kuhlathulula okhunye ngokusebenzisa okhunye okunamatshwayo afanako (Isib. Ifundo
silodlhelo esinqophe epumelelweni)
umebhe-mqondo – mgwalo wamagama neenthombe ezihlanganiswe ngemida, ukuze zinikele ummongondaba nanyana isihloko
indlela – indlela, indlela nanyana isenzo lapha into ethileko yethulwa khona; indlela yokuthintana (isib.
Indlela yokutlola, indlela yokukhuluma nanyana yomlomo, indlela yokubonakalako (okufaka hlangana
iindlela zamagrafu ezifana namatjhadi); ilwazi lingatjhugululwa ukusuka kwenye indlela uye kwenye (isib.
Ukutjhugulula igrafu uyenze indima)
indlela yobujamo– ukuzwa nanyana ukuthatheka kumatheksti atlolwako; kutjengisa umuzwa nanyana
ukwakheka kwengqondo yabalingisi; itjho godu nomuzwa okhiqizwe matheksti abukelwako ,alalelwako
kanye neweendlela ezahlukeneko zokuthintana
iinsetjenziswa ezivangileko– ihlanganisela yemihlobo yezinto ezingafaka hlangana amatheksti
atloliweko, amamethiriyali abukelwako, itjhada, ividiyo njll.
ingcoco– okukhulunywako nanyana
ngokokukhambisana , nanyana indaba
okutloliweko
okumayelana
nezehlakalo
ezihlangeneko
ilizwi lomcoci /lomdembi – lilizwi lomuntu ococa indaba (isib. Kungahlukaniswa phakathi komuntu
wokuthoma odembako- “Mina” oba mlingisi esikhathini esinengi endabeni, nanyana umuntu wesithathu
odembako lapha umdembi abiza abalingisi njengokuthi ‘lo’ nanyana ‘bona’.
isenzukuthi – kusebenzisa amagama ukwakha imidumo eyenziwa ngilokho okhuluma ngakho (Isib.uwe
wathu bhu)
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i-okzimoroni – ihlanganisela yamagama aneenhlathululo eziphikisanako, asetjenziswa ngabomu
mayelana nomphumela esikhathini esinengi obunjwa ngokusebenzisa isiphawulo ukuqinisekisa ibizo
elinehlathululo ephikisako (isib. Ifihlo epepenene)
ukucoca ngeenqhema - kubunjwa iinqhema bese kucocwa ngesihloko ,kuphendulwa imibuzo bese
kwenziwa imisebenzi
ipharadoksi –isitatimende esiziphikisako nanyana esiqaleka singakhambisani nokuliqiniso, sibhaqe
ngemva kokutjhayisana okungaphezulu, kukhona okuzwakalako nanyana okusizathu
umtjhwana obuyelelwako –isitatimende esikhulunyiweko godu sombono nanyana ngetheksti umuntu
oyibeka ngawakhe amagama
Ipharonimi- igama elisuselwe egameni langaphandle
ukwenza-samuntu – zizinto ezingaphiliko zinikelwa amatshwayo wabantu abaphilako (Isib. Kufa
ngiyakwesaba amazinywakho neenzipho zakho)
isakhiwo/isizinda – yindlela eveza indawo, umraro nabalingisi emtlolweni wamanovela, amadrama.
Siveza ukulamana kwezehlakalo, iphetheni yetjhebiswano hlangana kwezehlakalo nokurarana
umbono – yindlela indaba icocwa ngayo - umbono womtloli ngiwo oquntako bonyana ofundako
uzakuvezelwa njani abalingisi, izehlakalo nendawo
izindlekelo – ukungabekezeli nanyana ukwehlulela kwangaphambili okwenziwa emntwini ngamunye,
isiqhema, umbono nanyana unobangela
ukuphakama kwephimbo- ukubekwa nokwethulwa kokuba phezulu , ukuzwakala, kanye nokuhlukana
kwamaphimbo nawukhuluma nabamukelilwazi
idlalo-magama – kudlala ngamagama afanako
anganamlandu”)
nanyana afana ngomdumo (iisb. “unomlandu
iridandensi – kusetjenziswa kwamagama nemitjhwana engatlhogekiko
irejista–)ukusetjenziswa kwamagama ahlukahlukeneko, isitayela, ihlelo, ukuphakama kwelizwi kanye
nephimbo
mayelana
nobujamo
obuhlukeneko
nanyana
ubujamo
(isib.
Imitlolo
yangokomthetho/ehlelekileko itlolwa kurejista esemthethweni bese iincwadi zobungani esikhathini esinengi
zitlolwa kurejista engakahleleki).
umbiko - (olungiselelweko kanye nongakalungiselelwa) Ukunikela umbiko obuyako wobujamo obuthileko,
isib. ingozi
ukufunda ngokubuyelela - :Ukufunda ngokubuyelela liqhinga lokufunda elinikela umfundi elinye ithuba
lokwenza bona itheksti enesitjhijilo izwakale.
ukubuyelela:- Ukubuyelela liqhinga lokufunda lapha ofundako azakutjho godu into , arhunyeze, nanyana
arhunyeze ihlathululo yendima nanyana yesahluko, kungaba ngomlomo nanyana ngendlela yokuyitlola.
amaqhinga wekulumo- amaqhinga afana nokuphumula kanye nokubuyelela asetjenziswa kuhle
sikhulumi nakakhulumako. Amaqhinga angaba ngatjhugululako
umbuzo-ziphendule – mbuzo obuzelwa ukugandelela,hayi ukuthola ipendulo (Isib. Uyazi bonyana
unetjhudu elingangani? )
ivumelwano-amagama nanyana imida yekondlo ephetha ngetjhada elifanako ukufaka hlangana
abokamisa
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igido – yiphetheni yamatjhada ebuyelelwako emagameni ukuze inikele igido elimnandi nawuwaphimisako
itshimo – kukutjho nanyana ukutlola usebenzise ikulumo ephambene nalokho umuntu akutjhoko
ngomnqopho wokukhubekisa nanyana ukuhlekisa ngomunye(Isib.Siyathaba bonyana sikubekele ukudla
ngombana uyikosi)
isathaya – mathebeti aziveza nanyana ahlola umukghwa omumbi
ukusikena – kukhambisa amehlo emtlolweni ngehloso yokufumana ilwazi elithile (Isib. ukuqala irherho
leenomboro zomrhala , ukuqala isikhathi sokufika nanyana sokusuka kwesitimela)
isifaniso – kumadanisa into ethileko nenye ( Isib. njenge-, njenga-, kwe-)
ukuskima – kufunda umtlolo msinya (Isib. Ukuqala iinhloko zeendaba ephephandabeni)
isirhumutjha – lilimi elingasilo langokomthetho (elingakamukelwa) elivame ukusetjenziswa siqhema
esithileko (Isib. “gcwala” “ngimnandi”,“nginje”
ukudlelezela – umthetho onzinzileko (esikhathini esinengi kuyadlelezela) ombono ngendima umuntu
othileko alindelwe bona ayidlale
amqhinga- indlela evulekileko yekambiso nanyana indlela yokusetjenziswa ekuraruleni umraro
ukugandelela(egameni nanyana emtjhweni)-ukuveza amandla ehlavini legama nanyana igama emtjhweni
isitayela– Indlela ehlukileko nekhethekileko umtloli ahlela ngayo amagama ukuze azuze imiphumela
ethileko. Isitayela kuhlekuhle sihlanganisa umbono okufanele uvezwe kumtloli ngamunye. Amahlelo la
afaka hlangana ikhetho lamagama lomuntu ngamunye kanye neendaba ezinjalo ezifana nobude kanye
nesakhiwo somutjho, iphimbo, kanye nokusetjenziswa kwetshimo.
isakhiwana – isehlakalo esingaphasi esingakhambisani nesakhiwo esiqakathekileko somdlalo nanyana
inovela
amatshwayo- litshwayo elijamela enye into nanyana ejamela into ethileko
amagama atjho okufanako (ingasi aphikisanako) – igama elinehlathululo efanako nanyana epheze ifane
kunelinye igama ngelimi elifanako. Amagama atjho okufanako esiNdebeleni esikhathini esinengi aba
nendlela akhambisana ngayo.
ukuhlanganisa – ukuhlanganiswa kwemibono ebuya emithonjeni ehlukahlukeneko; isirhunyezo
esitjhatjhalazi semibono ehlanganisiweko
itheksti- sitatimende nanyana isakhiwo emtlolweni, ekulumeni nanyana ikulumo ebonwako
ummongo-ndaba –umbono ophakathi nanyana imibono kutheksti; itheksti ingaba nemmongo-ndaba
embalwa begodu lokhu angeze kwabonakala nanyana kwaba tjhatjhalazi .
iphimbo –ikhwalithi yelizwi elethula imilayezo eyenza umuntu athatheke ekulumeni. Ethekstini etloliweko,
lizuzwa ngamagama akhuluma ngemikghwa yomtloli. Efilimini iphimbo lingakhiwa ngokombhino nanyana
ngemiphumela ebukelwako
amatheksti okuthintana – ziintlhanywa zemisebenzi eziphathelene nokuthintana phakathi kwabantu
(Isib.incwadi, amaminidi womhlangano, imibiko, amafeksi)
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imithetho yokudlhegana – mithetho esekela ukutjhidelana kweenkulumo zabantu (Isib. ukuvumela
ukuvezwa kwemibono yabanye, ukubuyelela umbono ngomnqopho wokuhlathulula, ukungenelela
ngomnqopho wokubuyisela ikulumo endleleni efaneleko, ukubawa ihlathululo)
isitatimende esingakapheleli-ukuveza okuthileko okuhlukileko nokuveza iqiniso nanyana amaphuzu
apheleleko wokugandelela, ngendlela yehlaya
ivebhosithi– ilimi elisebenzisa amagama amanengi kunalawo afunekako
amatheksti abukelwako – mtlolo wananyana yini oyibukela ngamehlo. Kungaba sithombe, ifilimu
nanyana itshwayo elitjengisa okuthileko
ilizwi – ubuwena bomtloli: ukobana umtloli ngubani; lokha nakufundwako nanyana nakubukelwako
umuntu uba nokukghona ukubona umtloli kanye nalokho akuhlosileko. Qala ilizwi lomdembi.
ihlaya- okungalindeleki, ngokurhabileko kanye nokuhlangana kwemibono ehlekisako
ikghono lokusebenzisa
amagama- amaqhinga asetjenziswako nakufundwa amagama(isib.
Ukungenelela emalungeni nanyana ukutjheja ihlathululo yesithomo nanyana isilungelelo)
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ISINGEZELELO
Izakhi nemithetho yelimi (itjhadi lokutjengisa)
Izakhi zelimi
Imihlobo namaphetheni ahlukeneko
Iinkhekhe zamagama
Isithomo, imirabhu neenlungelelo
Ibizo
Amabizo-bujamo
Amabizo-mbala
Amabizo alula
Amabizo ajayekileko
Amabizo ahlangahlangeneko
Amabizo abuthelelweko
okungabalekiko
Amabizo-mbala
Amabizo-senzo
isenzo nomenziwa
ubulili
ubunengi
iinciphiso
iinkhuliso
ama-athikili
amabizo asuselwa kwezinye iinkhekhe/ iingcezu zekulumo
Izabizwana
Ukusaragela phambili
Umutjhwana osibaluli
Izabizwana zokukhomba
Ubunikazi
Isabizwana sokuzenza
Izenzo kanye neendlela Iinkhathi
zesenzo
Sanje
Esidlulileko
-Esisanda kudlula
-Esadlula kade
Esizako
isibanjalo
Iimpambosi
Iindlela zesenzo:
• Eyamileko
• Ekatelelako
• Yamandla
• Esabizo
• Yobujamo
Iimphawulo
Izandiso
umkhumbulo
sesikhathi
sobujamo
sendawo
Imihlobo yemibuzo
Amaphriphozishini/Izakhi
Ubujamo obuvumako
Ubujamo obuphikako kanye neendlela zesenzo
Ngamabinzana ahlukahlukeneko wezenzo
isikinyeko
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zikandaweni
Imitjhwana nemitjho
IMIHLOBO
YEENGABA
NEENHLANGANISO
Isenzukuthi
Iimbabazo
Ukuthuthukiswa kwelwazimagama nelimi elizele
iimfengqo
Amatshwayo
Isipelinghi
indawo
isikhathi
Imitjho epandepande, imitjho ehlangahlangeneko, imitjhwana yeembaluli
ikulumo enqophileko nengakanqophi
imitjhwana yesibaluli
imitjhwana yebizo
imitjho epandepande
imitjho ehlangahlangeneko
ilandelano lamagama elifaneleko
isivumelwano
ukuphika
Ilandelano: kokuthoma,kwesibili, kwesithathu, ngaphambi, ngemuva, nini, until,ekugcineni,
okulandelako, ngokudlulileko
Ihlathululo/Unobangela nemiphumela: ngombana, ngebanga lalokho,lokha njll.
Ikambiso: kokuthoma, kwesibili, kwesithathu
Ukumadanisa.okufanako, okuhlukeneko, ncani kune, khulu kune
Ilandelano lokuqakatheka: ngasosoke isikhathi, ekugcineni
Iingaba zokuzikhethela: ngokubona kwami, ikolelo, umqondo, ukuzwisisa, ngicabanga
bonyana, ngithemba bona njll
Iingaba zokuhlukanisa: injenge, ingahlukaniswa nge.., wela ngaphasi kwe,
Isigaba sokuhlola: kuhle/kumbi, lungile/ngakalungi, qakathekile/ngakaqakatheki
Isigaba sokuphetha: ukuphetha, ukurhunyeza, kafitjhani, njengombana nibona.
Isib. Bhudlu!, phara!
Isib. Bababe! Afeke!
Amagama amqondofana
Amagama amqondohluka
Amapharonimi
Amagama aneenhlathululo ezinengi lilinye(Amapholisemi)
Abomafana-peleda
Abomabizwafane
Igama elilodwa esikhundleni sebinzana
Iimfengqo (isifaniso,isingathekiso ukwenza-samuntu, i-okzimoroni, imethonimi, izenzukuthi,
irhwala, ukuziphikisa, itshimo, irhobho-ndaba, itshwayo, isihlonipho, umqondo-silanduli, iokzimoroni, isigejo-kulumo, ipuni, isitatimende esinenyazo, isinedotjhi)
izaga/izitjho
amagama abolekiweko, amagama afakiweko,
amagama amatjha (igama elitjha
elisetjenziswa nehlathululo etja) kanye nevelaphi yamagama
Ihayifeni/ udwi
ikholoni
i-aphostrofi/ uzitjhana
Abodzubhula
iimbayana
ukutjhiywa kwebinzana lamagama
Amaphethini wesipelinghi
Imithetho yesipelinghi
iinrhunyezo
ama-akhronimi
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