End of WW1
The Treaty of Versailles and the
League of Nations
Warm-up
• What rights were taken away as a result of
WWI on the American Home Front?
Objectives
• Terms: Treaty of Versailles. Wilson’s 14
points, reparations.
• New technologies in the war
• Consequences for Germany.
Deadly Technology
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Machine Guns- 600 bullets per minute
Artillery field guns- Long range cannons
Poison Gas- Mustard Gas, kill, blind, burn
Submarines- U-Boats armed with Torpedo
Tanks and Armored Cars- Both sides tried
but not as affective
• Airplanes- Guns, reconnaissance
missions.
Video Question
• What was Germany’s ultimatum to France
at the beginning of the war?
• How did these nations view the war as an
opportunity?
• How did the assassination effect or cause
WWI?
• What was Austria’s goal towards Serbia?
• What did France View as their best
weapon in War?
End of War
• Nov. 3, 1918 –sailors refused to sail out b/c felt
no use fighting anymore
• Nov. 9, 1918 – Rebellion in Berlin led to est. of
German Republic (Kaiser out)
• No decisive battle to end war, but German war
machine was exhausted
• 11/11 at 11 - Germany stopped the fighting
Allied Powers
• Great Britain
• United States
• France
• Russia
Central Powers
• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
• Ottoman Empire
Wilson’s 14 Points
• Plan for Post WW1 Europe
• Goal: To prevent future wars
• Encouraged Central Powers
to surrender
• Listed in a speech delivered
by President Wilson January
8, 1918.
• Only 4 points ultimately
adopted in Treaty
Treaty of Versailles
• Treaty between Allies and Germany
• Very Harsh towards Germany, much more so
than what was presented in Wilson’s 14 points
• US did not adopt the Treaty
Treaty of Versailles and Germany
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Germany must demilitarize
Germany loses many colonial claims
Belgium gets some of German land
France gets Germany’s Saar Basin (coal mines)
Denmark and Czechoslovakia get German land
Germany must reduce Navy
War Guilt Clause – Clause 231  Germany is
blamed for the war
– Must pay a set impossible 6.6 billion pounds in
reparations
League of Nations
•
Organization of Countries
•
Goal of League: to prevent future wars, by
providing a venue for countries to discuss/work
out disputes
•
2 Tier Assembly
1. General Assembly – all country members
2. A Council – 5 Great Powers, 4 other elected powers
Problems with the League
• League could not pose sanctions
• No Military to enforce its will
• No action could be taken without the
consent of the Council
• U.S. does not join the League of Nations