Name_______________________________________________________ #______ period ______ due by ____________
Chapter 4.1-2: The Periodic Table (p. 116-131)
I. How are Elements Organized (p. 116-123)
A. History of the Periodic Table
1. Mendeleev
a. ______________ chemist Dmitri Mendeleev created the first periodic table
in 1869
b. he noticed a ____________________ pattern of physical and chemical
properties when the 63 known elements were arranged in order of atomic
mass
c. he left ________ in his table for undiscovered elements (correctly predicting
the properties of the elements that would later fill these gaps)
2. Mosely
a. in 1913 British chemist Henry Mosely reorganized the table according to
atomic ____________ (# of protons) instead of atomic mass
b. this “fixed” some of the ____________________________ in Mendeleev’s
table
B. Periodic Law (def.)-the law that states that the ___________________ physical and
chemical properties of the elements recur in a systematic and predictable way when
the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic ____________
II. Tour of the Periodic Table (p. 124-131)
A. Organization of the Periodic Table
1. group/family
a. ________________ columns of the elements
b. elements in the same group/family have similar ____________________
c. there are ____ groups in the periodic table
2. row/period
a. ____________________ sets of elements
b. elements in the same row are similar ________
c. elements in the same row show no similar properties
d. there are ___ rows in the periodic table
B. ________ Elements are Metals
1. metals
a. all elements to the ________ of the “stairs” are metals
b. metals are: shiny, malleable, ductile, and good ____________________ of
heat and electricity
2. non-metals
a. all elements to the __________ of the “stairs” are non-metals
b. hydrogen is also considered a ______-metal
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3. metalloids
a. also called ________-metals or ________-conductors
b. metalloids are found along the “stair-step” line
c. metalloids have properties in ________________ metals and non-metals
C. Main-Group Elements---“A” Families
1. main-group elements
a. also called the representative elements
b. composed of the “A” group elements: groups 1-___ and 13-_____
2. alkali metals
a. group ___/family IA (1A)
b. alkali metals are the most ________________ metals
c. they have ___ valence electron (electron configuration ns1)
d. they form a 1+ ion (cation) when they lose their ___ valence electron
3. alkaline earth metals
a. group ___/family IIA (2A)
b. alkaline earth metals are slightly less reactive than the alkali metals
c. they have ___ valence electrons (electron configuration ns2)
d. they form a 2+ ion (cation) when they lose ________ valence electrons
4. halogens
a. group 17/family VIIA (___A)
b. halogens are the most ________________ non-metals
c. they have ___ valence electrons (electron configuration ns2p5)
d. they form a 1- ion (anion) when they gain ___ valence electron
5. noble gases
a. group 18/family VIIIA (___A)
b. noble gases are ____reactive
c. they have ___ valence electrons (electron configuration ns2p6)
d. noble gases don’t gain or lose electrons so they don’t form ________
6. groups 13-15/families IIIA to VA (3A to 5A)
a. these elements usually __________ electrons, not gain or lose them (there
are a few exceptions)
7. hydrogen
a. hydrogen is a ______-metal even though it is in group 1 (IA)
b. because it is in row one, a hydrogen atom can only hold ___ electrons
c. hydrogen can ________ an electron (H-), ________ an electron (H+), or
__________ its electron (H2)
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D. Transition Metals---“B” Families
1. transition metals
a. transition metals compose groups ___ through 12
b. transition metals that are currently filling their ___-orbitals are referred to
as the “___-block” elements
2. __________ transition elements
a. lanthanides
1) named because their atomic numbers follow lanthanum
2) lanthanides are currently filling their ___-orbitals (“___-block”
elements)
b. actinides
1) named because their atomic numbers follow actinium
2) actinides are currently filling their ___-orbitals (___-block” elements)
3) all actinides are ______________________
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