APPENDIX X GLOSSARYOFTERMS
Arcade
Agroupofcolumnsorpillarswhichareeitherfreestandingorattachedtoawallandformsa
coveredpedestrianspaceorwalkway.
Architecturaldetails
Componentsorfeaturesofabuildingorstructurethatexpressitsstyleandcharacter.
Architecturallysignificant
T
Astructureorbuildingthathasarchitecturalvalueduetoitsstyle;character,oritsarchitector
timeperiodwhenitwasbuilt.Architecturallysignificantbuildingsorstructuresmayormay
notbeinahistoricdistrict.
Architrave
Awning
AF
Amainbeamrestingacrossthetopsofcolumns,oramoldedframearoundabuildingopening
suchasawindowordoorway.
Afabric‐coveredstructuremountedonthefaceofabuildingaboveawindow,entrance,or
storefrontopening,providingweatherand/orsunprotection.
Awningvalance
Theverticalfrontfaceofanawning,paralleltothefaceofthebuildingtowhichitismounted.
Alsoreferredtoasaskirtorapron.
Balcony
D
R
Aplatformwithawalkingsurfacethatprojectsfromthewallofabuildinginfrontofawindow
ordoor,andissurroundedbyarailing,balustrade,orparapet.
Baluster
Aminiaturecolumnthatisanuprightsupportorpostforarailingorbalustrade.
Balustrade
Arailingconsistingofarowofbalusterssupportingatoprail.
Band,bandcourse,bandmolding
Aflat,horizontalmemberofrelativelyslightprojection,markingadivisioninthewallplane.
Alsoreferredtoasabeltcourse,architecturalband,bellyband.
Bargeboard
Theverticalfaceboardfollowing,andsetbackunder,theroofedgeofagable,sometimes
decoratedbycarving.Referredtoasvergeboardwhenornatelycarved.
Baywindow
Asectionofabuildingthatprotrudesbeyondthefaçadewithwindowsonallsides.
HistoricDistrictDesignReviewStandardsandGuidelines
PAGE1 APPENDIX X Bevelsiding
Buildingcladdingmaterialconsistingofbeveledboardshunghorizontally.
Boardandbatten
Wallconstructionconsistingofwideboardsorsheets,alternatingwithprojecting,narrow
woodenstripssetverticallytoobscurejointsintheboards.Canbeusedforexteriorbuilding
claddingorinteriorwallpaneling.
Bollard
Ashortpostgenerallyusedtodefineanareaofblockvehicularaccess.
Bracket
T
Asupportingmemberforaprojectingfloororshelf,sometimesintheshapeofaninvertedL
andsometimesasasolidpieceoratriangulartruss.Oftenusedforarchitectural
ornamentationinagable.Seealso,kneebrace,outlooker.
Bulkhead
Buttress
AF
Alowwallbelowastorefrontwindow,typicallycontainingadimensionalpanel.
Aprojectingpierwhichsupportsandreinforcesawall,sometimeswithadecorativeinnerarch.
Canopy
Anarchitecturalstructuremadeofpermanentmaterialssuchasmetalorwood,mountedon
thefaceofabuildingaboveawindow,entrance,orstorefrontopening,providingweather
and/orsunprotection.
D
R
Capital
Thetopmemberofacolumn,shaft,orpilaster.
Casementwindow
Awindowframethatishingedononeverticalside,andswingsopen;oftenoccursinpairs.
Clapboardsiding
Buildingcladdingmaterialconsistingoflong,thinflatpiecesofwoodwithedgeshorizontally
overlappinginseries.
Clerestory
Theupperportionofawallrisinghavingaseriesofwindowsadmittingdaylighttotheinterior.
Clippedgable
Agabledroofwithashortenedridgepolecreatingatruncatedend.
Corbel
Astructuralpieceofmasonry,wood,ormetalextendingfromawallsurfacetosupporta
weight,asabracketform,sometimeswithadecorativeprofile.
HistoricDistrictDesignReviewStandardsandGuidelines
PAGE2 APPENDIX X Cornice
Amoldedandprojectinghorizontalmemberthatcrownsanarchitecturalcompositionsuchas
awindow,door,orbuildingwall.
Course
Ahorizontalrangeofunitsthelengthandthicknessofthewall.
Coping
Thecappingortopcourseofawall,usuallyadaptedtotheprotectionofthewallfromweather.
Crenellation
T
Asequenceofalternating,raisedandloweredwallsectionsatthetopofahighexteriorwallor
parapet.
Cupola
Adomedrooforceiling,orasmallstructurethatsurmountsandrisesabovethemainroof.
Cut‐offshields
AF
Anelementofalightingfixturethatlimitslightemissionaboveahorizontalplane.
Dentils
Aseriesofsmall,block‐likeprojectionsformingamolding.
Dormer
Asubordinategableinapitchedroof,usuallycontainingawindoworwindowsonitsfront
verticalsurface.
D
R
Double‐hungwindow
Awindowwithtwosashesthatmoveindependentlyofeachother.
Eave
Theedgeofaroofthatprojectsoveranoutsidewall.
Escutcheon
Aflatpieceofmetalforprotectionandornamentationaroundakeyhole,doorhandle,orlight
switch.
Façade
Thefaceofabuilding,especiallytheprinciplefront.
Fanlight
Asemicircularorsemi‐ellipticalwindowsetaboveadoororlargerwindow,typicallywith
glazingbarsradiatinglikeanopenfan;atypeoftransomwindow.
Fenestration
Thedispositionofwindowsinabuildingfaçade.
HistoricDistrictDesignReviewStandardsandGuidelines
PAGE3 APPENDIX X Finial
Aterminalformatthetopofaspire,gable,gatepost,pinnacle,orotherpointofrelativeheight.
Frieze
Abroadhorizontalband,sometimesdecoratedwithsculpturerelief,occurringatthetopofa
walljustunderacornice.
Gable
Thegenerallytriangularsectionofawalloccupyingthespacebetweenthetwoslopesofthe
roofonapitchedroof,oftenusedforarchitecturalornamentation.
T
Gabledroof
Aroofwithtwoslopes,joiningatasingleridgeline.
Gambrelroof
Gazebo
AF
Aridgedroofexhibitingtwoslopes;thelowerslopebeingsteeperthantheupperslope.
Anopen,roofedpavilionthatoffersaviewofthesurroundingarea.
Gingerbread
Intricateandsuperfluousdecorativedetailsonabuilding;typicallyintheformofscallopedor
zig‐zagdesigns.
Head
Thetopofadoororwindowframe.
D
R
Hippedroof
Aroofwithfourslopedsides,meetingataridgeatthecenteroftheroof;twosidesbeing
trapezoidalandtwosidesbeingtriangular.
Hoodmold
Averticalmoldingprojectingbeyondaloweroneinaparallelplaneoveradoororwindow.
Horn,sashhorn
Theshortprotrusiononeitherendbelowthecenterbaroftheupperwindowsash,oftenwitha
decorativeprofile,usedtopreventthewindowfromopeningtoofar.
Jerkinhead
Agabledroofhavingahippedendtruncatingthegable.
Jigsawwork
Curvesandcurlicuescutintowoodenboardsusingasawwithasmall,thinblade.
HistoricDistrictDesignReviewStandardsandGuidelines
PAGE4 APPENDIX X Kickplate
Averticalelement,typicallyofmetal,appliedatthebottomofadoorsurfacetoprotectagainst
scuffing.
Kneebrace
Asupportingmemberofastructurethatisplaceddiagonallyfromonetoanotheroftwo
adjoiningprinciplemembers.Seealso,bracket,outlooker.
Lancetwindows
Ahighnarrowwindowwithanacutelypointedhead,typicalofGothicarchitecture.
Lapsiding
T
Abuildingcladdingmaterialconsistingofoverlappingbeveledboardswiderandlongerthan
clapboards.
Louver
Mansardroof
AF
Oneofaseriesofhorizontalslats,setatanangletoexcluderainbutallowairtopassthrough.
Afour‐sidedhippedrooffeaturingtwoslopesoneachside,thelowerslopebeingverysteep,
almostvertical,andtheupperslopesbeingextremelyshallow.
Milled
Havingaserrated,patternedsurfaceincircularformsthatarecreatedbyturningtheitem
duringcutting.
Modulation
D
R
Variegationofaflatfaçadeusingrecessesandoffsetsinwallsurfaceforarchitecturaleffect.
Motif
Arepeatedpattern,image,idea,ortheme.
Mullion
Anuprightstructuraldivisionmemberbetweenwindowsordoorsofacloseseries.
Muntin
Arigidbarmemberseparatingadjacentpanesofglassinasashordoor.
Newel
Apostterminatingthehandrailofastairwayattop,bottom,oronalanding.
Oriel
Aprojectingwindowwithitswallscorbeledfrombeneathorsupportedbybrackets.
HistoricDistrictDesignReviewStandardsandGuidelines
PAGE5 APPENDIX X Outlooker
Aprojectingmemberthatsupportstheportionofaroofextendingbeyondthefaceofagable.
Seealso,bracket,kneebrace.
Palladianwindow
Alargewindowconsistingofacentralarchedsectionflankedbytwonarrowrectangular
sections.
Parapet
Alowwallattheedgeofaroof.
Pediment
T
Thetriangularupperfaceofaroof,typicallysurroundingaporticoofcolumns.Mayalsobe
seensurmountingadoororwindow.Mostcommonlyseeninclassicalstylearchitecture.
Pergola
Pilaster
AF
Anarbororcolonnadesupportingopenrooftimbers,eitherfreestandingorattachedto
anotherstructure.
Anornamentalrectangularcolumn,typicallyprojectingslightlyfromawall,togivethe
appearanceofasupportingcolumnandtoarticulatethewallextent.
Pitch
Theangleatwhicharoofslopesfromitspeaktoitseaves.
Plinth
D
R
Aheavybasepiecesupportingacolumn,statue,ormonument.
Portico
Anentranceporchsupportedbycolumnsorenclosedbywalls.
Pyramidalroof
Aroofwithfourslopedsides,meetingatacentralpointoftheroof;allsidesbeingtriangular.
Quoins
Thecornerstonesofawallwhenemphasizedbysize,moreformalcutting,moreconspicuous
jointing,ordifferenceinmaterialortexture.
Rail
Thecrossorhorizontalmemberoftheframeworkofawindowsashorotherpanelassembly.
Rafter
Oneofseveralinternalbeamsextendingparallelfromtheeavestothepeakofaroofand
constitutingitsframework.
HistoricDistrictDesignReviewStandardsandGuidelines
PAGE6 APPENDIX X Reticulation
Adecorativearrangementcharacterizedbycircularshapesresultinginanetlikeframework,
particularlyinelaboratemasonry.
Reveal
Thedepthofwallthicknessbetweenitsoutersurfaceandawindowordoorsetinanopening.
Ridge
Thetopmosthorizontalmemberofaslopedroof.
Roundel
Sash
T
Asmallcircularwindoworpanel.
Aportionofawindowholdingglassthatissentintotheframeorjamb.
Shedroof
Shingle
AF
Aroofhavingonlyoneslopingplane.
Awedge‐shapedpieceofwoodusedinoverlappingcoursestocoverarooforexteriorwall
surface.Thebottomedgemayhaveadecorativeshape.
Shiplap
Abeveledorrebatedjointingofboardstoproduceanexteriorsurfacewithoutgaps.Often
usedforsiding.
D
R
Shutter
Ahingedpanel,typicallymadeofwood,fixedoutsideawindowordoorjambforsecurity,
privacy,ortolimitthepassageoflight.
Sidelight
Anarrowwindowwithaverticalemphasissetalongsideadoororlargerwindow,usually
stationary.
Sill
Thelowesthorizontalmemberformingthebottomofawindoworexteriordoorframe.
Single‐hungwindow
Awindowwithtwosashesandonlythelowersashisoperable.
Skirtboard,skirting
Abaseboardorfinishingboardatthejunctionoftheinteriorwallandfloor.
HistoricDistrictDesignReviewStandardsandGuidelines
PAGE7 APPENDIX X Soffit
Theenclosed,finishedundersideofanarchitecturalstructuresuchasanarch,balcony,or
overhangingroofeaves.
Spindle
Ashortlathe‐turnedwoodelementusedforornatearchitecturaldetailing.
Stile
Averticalframingmemberofawindoworpaneleddoor.
Streetscape
Stucco
Finishedplastercoveringforexteriorwalls.
Sunburst
AF
T
Thesceneryandelementsthatapersonwouldvisuallyexperienceinthestreetspace,including
buildings,storefronts,signage,sidewalks,streetfurnishings,andamenities.
Anarchitecturaldesignfeatureconsistingofraysorbeamsradiatingoutfromacentraldisc.
Tongueandgroove
Woodplankinginwhichadjacentboardsarejoinedbymeansofinterlockingridgesand
groovesdowntheirsides.
Tower
Anarrow,verticalstructurethatisattachedtoandhigherthanthesurroundingbuilding.
D
R
Transomwindow
Awindowwithahorizontalemphasissetabovethetransomofadoororlargerwindow,
usuallystationaryortilting.
Trellis
Latticeworkasanoutdoorscreen,oftenusedtosupportvegetation.
Turret
Asmalltowerthatreachesfromthesurroundinggradetoapointabovethesurrounding
buildingtowhichitisattached.
Vestibule
Asmallentrancehallorpassagebetweentheouterdoorandtheinsideofahouse.
Wainscot
Woodenpanelingappliedtothelowerportionofawall.
HistoricDistrictDesignReviewStandardsandGuidelines
PAGE8