Day 1: Industrial Revolution in the South and Midwest 5.01 Describe the impact of new agricultural technology in the South and West I.
II.
III.
Southern Agriculture A. Slave Agriculture 1.
Geographical conditions and slavery made farming cash crops the major industry: tobacco, rice, and indigo 2.
After the Revolution, those markets declined and slavery began to be considered uneconomical 3.
Many blacks were freed, especially in the upper South (⅓ of black population was free in Maryland by 1810) B. The Cotton Gin 1.
1793, Eli Whitney invents the ​
cotton gin​
‐ farmers clean and de‐seed cotton much more efficiently. 2.
Cotton demand was at an all‐time high in England and the north (textile industry). 3.
Plantation owners and small farmers began buying land and producing cotton (even abandoned crop rotation to produce more profits) 4.
By 1820, the ​
demand for slaves had doubled because of the cotton gin​
. The Midwest A. Forests and heavy soil had to be prepared for farming B. John Deere​
invents the first ​
steel plow 1.
less work and more durable than wood C. Cyrus McCormick​
invents the ​
mechanical reaper 1.
One farmer alone can harvest as much as five hired hands Technology making America smaller A. The ​
telegraph​
– allowed electronic communication using Morse code B. Steam​
​
boats​
– allowed shipping up and down the Mississippi River C. Railroad​
‐ improving speeds of transportation and starting process of Transcontinental Railroad Day 2: The Industrial Revolution in the North 5.02 Describe the impact of new technology in Northern society and economy I.
II.
III.
The Industrial Revolution A. Technology and machinery led to an increase in efficiency and production B. Began in England in the 1700’s, England tried to keep their new technologies secret C. Embargo act and War of 1812 created a need for domestic industry in U.S. The North A. Samuel Slater​
: Shares secrets from British mills and builds America’s first textile mills B. Lowell Mills 1.
Francis Cabot Lowell visits England and steals secrets 2.
Builds mills in Massachusetts; named the town Lowell. 3.
Lowell mill girls​
– young girls from local farms moved to Lowell, lived on site and worked at the mills a) Conditions were terrible, workers unionized and went on strike C. Interchangeable Parts 1.
Building individual parts that can be used to replace one another (introduced by Eli Whitney) 2.
Lowers costs and increases production ‐ guns, sewing machines, clocks etc. a) sewing machine​
– clothes and shoe prices decrease 75% b) Whitney produced 5,000 guns/year when factories at the time could only do 150 D. Canals‐ ​
America builds 4000 miles of canals (American System) to connect major cities (New York, Pittsburgh, Chicago) and industries to water routes Causes and Effects of Industry in the North A. Causes​
: 1.
more money to invest 2.
cheap labor force 3.
fast flowing rivers for power B. Effects​
: 1.
Creation of less skilled, middle class workers 2.
Creation labor unions 3.
Shorter work days and better pay 4.
Smaller farms and slavery dies in the North 5.
Cheaper goods and higher standard of living Day 3: Religion and Reform 5.03 Analyze the impact of religious and reform movements on society I.
Religion’s Movements A. 2​
Great Awakening 1.
Tent Revivals were a social event on the frontier ​
(Cane Ridge KY attracted 20,000 people) 2.
Encouraged to invite slaves & leads to greater questioning about slavery 3.
Charles Grandison Finney​
– pushed for a renewed energy in preaching a) Attracted large crowds with his Fire and Brimstone methods, VERY experiential (sobbing, fainting) b) No predestination – personal choice in salvation, offered hope B. Mormons (Latter‐Day Saints) 1.
Joseph Smith​
‐ New American Christian religion, wrote the Book of Mormon (​
from ancient buried golden tablets, believe an early Native American descendents from Israel​
) 2.
Believe in new revelations (​
translations of tablets)​
, allowed to marry more than one woman 3.
Persecution: led by ​
Brigham Young​
to go to Utah 4.
Utah becomes a state in 1896 after they give up polygamy C. Shakers 1.
`Branched off of Quakers (​
believed in equality and peace​
), had wild unstructured services 2.
They Banned alcohol, profanity, and sex… (4 are left today) Reform Movements A. Public Education‐ ​
Horace Mann​
creates public school system in Massachusetts (Model for other states) B. Prison and Mentally Ill 1.
Used to be the same place, insane and criminals together 2.
Dorothea Dix​
– creates the asylum system and the Penitentiary System C. Temperance Movement ​
‐ Anti‐alcohol, or at least anti‐drunkenness 1.
Carrie Nation ​
‐ movements biggest face/name ​
(carried a hatchet, destroyed bars) nd​
II.
Day 4: The Women’s Movement 5.04 Describe the impact of the growing feminist movement I.
II.
III.
Role of Women A. Women’s Sphere​
‐ women had a separate role at the home (Republican motherhood) B. New movement of Women’s education‐ Colleges began to develop for women C. Women were entering the workplace (factory jobs) but rarely building careers D. Women were increasingly involved in social work and religion E. Margaret Fuller ‐​
Woman in the Nineteenth Century​
,​
first major feminist book Seneca Falls Convention​
(1848) A. Lucretia Mott​
and ​
Elizabeth Cady Stanton B. Declaration of Sentiments​
a list of complaints about Men, modeled after Declaration of Independence C. Susan B. Anthony​
(young woman) pushes ​
Female Suffrage ​
over the next 50 years Impact of Women’s Movement A. Women in the West 1.
Gender lines​
were GRAYER; everyone did the same work, fought Indians, planted, and built log cabins… 2.
Western States/Territories give suffrage rights to women as early as 1869 in Wyoming and Utah B. Women served in the frontlines of social justice movements like abolition and temperance C. Women made gains in the workplace especially in the nursing and teaching professions (​
women were over one third of all college students by 1890​
) Day 5: The Push to End Slavery 5.05 Analyze efforts to end slavery in America I.
II.
III.
Abolition​
– movement to end slavery in America A. By 1840 all northern states freed their slaves; VA and MD were too (slowly) B. Result – thousands of free blacks in society – still faced discrimination C. 1816 ​
James Monroe​
supports a “colonization” movement to Africa D. Liberia set up as a colony, Monrovia would be its capital Slave Resistance A. Gabriel’s Rebellion, 1801 B. Nat Turner’s Slave Revolt​
(VA, 1831) 1.
Successful, but slavery gets more harsh 2.
Slave Codes​
: no longer taught to read or to visit other plantations 3.
All states had standing militias C. Most slave resistance was more subtle‐ sabotage, slowing work, etc D. Underground Railroad 1.
Hidden network of “safehouses” and a route to the North and freedom 2.
Harriet Tubman ​
was a “conductor” on the railroad (Made many trips, risking recapture or death, to free others) 3.
Sojourner Truth​
: Major supporter of Underground RR and women’s rights activist: “​
Ain't I A Woman?” Important Abolitionists A. William Lloyd Garrison​
– White Abolitionist and author of ​
The Liberator ​
– abolitionist newspaper B. Frederick Douglass​
– Freed slave living in the North, lectured and wrote for the Liberator; started his own abolitionist paper ​
the North Star C. Sarah and Angelina Grimke​
– former slave owners from S.C., sold their slaves and moved to Penn., became Quakers. Day 6: Antebellum American Literature 5.06 Identify the connections between Antebellum literature and reform I.
II.
III.
Transcendentalism​
– to rise above, nature is perfection, man is inherently good, simplicity, individualism a. Henry David Thoreau ‐​
​
Walden​
: A life in the woods – all about life in nature b. Ralph Waldo Emerson ​
‐ ​
Self‐Reliance​
– individual choice for salvation c. Margaret Fuller​
‐ editor of ​
The Dial,​
transcendentalist journal from Mass. i. Woman in the Nineteenth Century​
‐ women’s suffrage, education, prison reform, and abolitionists Dark Romanticism – ​
nature is evil, there is no salvation, humanity prone to self‐destruction a. Edgar Allen Poe ‐ ​
The Raven,​
innovated the short story b. Nathaniel Hawthorne ‐​
​
The Scarlet Letter​
about legalism in Puritan New England c. Herman Melville ‐ ​
Moby Dick​
tale of humanity versus nature Uncle Tom’s Cabin ‐ ​
Harriet Beecher Stowe a. Story showed the cruelties of the southern plantation owners. b. North – Enraged by the accounts, more pushed for ABOLITION c. South – Enraged by the accounts, thought it was untrue d. Result – North fired up, south getting a complex of distrust Day 7: Bleeding Kansas 5.07 Describe how events in Kansas increased sectional divisions I.
II.
III.
The ​
Great Triumvirate A. Henry Clay, John C Calhoun. Daniel Webster​
were leaders in Congress since 1812… would all be dead by 1852 B. Clay wrote the Compromise of 1850, but steps down because of health C. Stephen Douglas​
(Illinois) steps in to get it passed D. 1850‐1860 US has weak presidents… No more Great Triumvirate… it’s up to Douglas to keep the U.S. together… The Kansas‐Nebraska Act A. US is planning an transcontinental Railroad through new Orleans and the new Gadsden Purchase​
. (southern tip of NM and ARIZ) B. Stephen Douglas wants it to go through Chicago so he offers the South deal: 1. Kansas and Nebraska can decide the issue of slavery by ​
POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY (POPULAR VOTE) 2. It will kill the line 36‐30… ending 30 years of peace 3. South has opportunity to get two slave states (FOUR NEW SENATORS) C. Nebraska votes and becomes a free state immediately. D. South is desperate to get Kansas… or they are screwed… Bleeding Kansas A. Thousands of slave owners and ​
free‐soilers​
pour into Kansas to vote B. Sack of Lawrence – building burned, one abolitionist is killed by slave owners C. John Brown​
goes crazy…. Hacks five guys to death with a hatchet in front of their families D. Harper’s Ferry​
– John Brown attempts a slave rebellion, fails, is hanged 1. North = Brown is a martyr (died for a cause) 2. South = Brown is a traitor or terrorists E. BLEEDING KANSAS​
– so much blood spilled over issue of slavery Day 8: Political Fracturing 5.08 Describe how the issue of slavery divided the three branches of government I. Slavery and Congress II.
III.
A. The Gag Rule 1. order in Congress, which stopped any debate about Slavery from 1836‐1844 2. When it was lifted, California, Kansas, and Nebraska instantly brought the issue of slavery back to the forefront B. The Brooks – Sumner Affair​
(cartoon) 1. Senator Charles Sumner (Mass.)(Rep.) made fun of Representative Preston Brooks’ (S.C.)(Dem.) uncle on the Senate floor 2. Three days later, Brooks beats Sumner to near‐death with his cane in the Senate Chamber 3. Both men become heroes to their respective regions, increase tensions Dred Scott v. Sanford ​
‐ Slavery and the Judicial Branch A. supreme court decides that slaves are property and cannot be taken by any state legislation… B. Missouri Compromise is unconstitutional, every state can allow slavery C. the South loves this! North is enraged. Rise of Lincoln​
‐ Slavery and the Executive Branch A. Republican party​
formed (out of the Whigs) on the issue of not spreading slavery B. Lincoln ‐ Douglas Debates​
(Prelude in a Senate race 1858) 1. Senate race in Illinois between Stephen Douglas (D) and Abe Lincoln (R) 2. Douglas offers his ​
Freeport Doctrine: a) “federal laws and court decisions don’t matter… local authorities decide what laws to enforce” b) defending popular sovereignty and his Kansas‐Nebraska Act 3. Illinois voters viewed this as a compromise, elected Douglas, but Lincoln becomes a national leader 5.09: Sectionalism 5.09 Identify the causes of sectionalism throughout American History I.
Election of 1860 A. Republican Party – Abe Lincoln​
(​
IL​
) 1. Abe is a ​
free‐soiler​
(doesn’t want to spread slavery) perceived as an Abolitionist… South threatens secession if elected 2. in reality, Abe’s ONLY goal in 1860 is to preserve the union. 3. On slavery:​
​
“​
It is immoral, and I do not want it to spread… However, I understand the realities of economics in the South, and it cannot simply be removed.” B. Lincoln wins and South Carolina secedes from the Union C. President James Buchanan does nothing to stop it, says it is Lincoln’s problem D. Before Lincoln gets in office, they created the ​
Confederate States of America E. They would be forced to return.