Defence Occupational Health and Safety Manual
CHAPTER 3
PHYSICAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT
OVERVIEW
301. Physical hazards in the work environment include noise. heat, cold. vibration, pressure. electricity and radiation. This chapter provides Defence policy on all these issues with the exception of radiation which, because of the nature of the hazard, is covered by a separate (chapter 4) in DOHSMAN" 302.
Specific
guidance on this chapter is contained in the following annexes: Annexes:
A.
Management of Risks Associated with Plant
B.
Occupational Noise Management in the Defence Organisation
C.
Electronic and Electrical Hazards
D.
Safe Techniques for Welding,
and .... '''n.. '"'nn
E
Fire
F.
Thermal
Defence Occupational Health and Safety Manu I
ANNEXATO
CHAPTER 3
MANAGEMENT OF RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH PLANT
SYNOPSIS: Regulations to the OHS Act require tne Defence Organisation (as an
employer) to create a safe workplace that is free from risks associated
with plant. - his is achieved through the risk management process.
In addition, the Regulations require employers to apply for a licence to
operate certain types of plant. The Defence Organisation is exempt from
this provision (through the granting of a Joint Special Licence (JSL) by
the Safely Rehabilitation and Compensation Com mission). However the
granting of the JSL is subject to a number of conditions being mel y
Defence.
The effective implementation of the requirements of this annex will
ensure Defence meets its duty of care and joint special licence
requirements.
REFEREN CES
1.
Defence
2.
Other
Occupational Health and Safety (Commonwealth Employment) (National Standard s)
Regulations, Part 4-Plant
3.
Cross Reference
Chapter 1. annex B-Regulations and Codes of Practice
Chapter 1. annex H-Risk Management
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Defence Occupational Health and Safety Manual
AN NEXA TO
CHAPTER 3
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AN D SAFETY-MANAGEMENT OF RI SKS AS SOCIATED WITH PLANT INTRODUCTION 1.
The Occupational Health and Safely (Commonwealth Employment) (National Standards)
Regulations, part 4-Plant (the Regula ions) came into effect on 1 July 1996. The Regulations
require the Defence Organisation (as an employer) to create . and mainlain. a safe workplace that is
free from risks associated with plant. This is achieved through a process of systematically
identifying hazards a.nd assessing and controll ing ri sks .
2.
In add ition to imposing du ties on employers , the Regulations impose duties on
manufacturers. suppliers. erectors. installers and commissioners of plant as outlined below:
B. Manufacturers. Manufacturers have a duty to identify hazards associated with the
plant; assess the risks of identified hazards; eliminate the risks ; notify Ul e person who
comm issions the plant of the risks; and provide the employer with information
concerning the safe use of the plant.
b. Suppliers. Suppliers have a duty to eliminate or minimise the identified risks arising
from the use of plant; inform the em ployer of the safe use of the plant; inspect and
test leased plant; keep records of such testing of leased plant; and provide the
employer with those records.
c. Erectors and installer . Erectors and instaJlers of plant have a duty to identify
hazards associated with plant; assess the risk of Identified hazards; and eliminate or
minimise those risks.
d. Employers. Employers have a duty to identify haza rds relating to the use.
installation, erection. commissioning of plant; assess the ri sks associated with
identified hazard s; eliminate or minimise those risks; maintain control measures;
implement safe syste ms of work; prov ide and maintain personal protective
equipment; repair unsafe damaged plant; store and dispose of plant in a safe
manner; provide training, information and instruction to employees exposed to risk;
and to make available and keep records concerning tests, maintenance and
inspection of plant.
3.
The Regulations require employers to apply for a licence to operate the types of plant listed
in appendix 1. The Regulations make provisions for the Department of Defence (000) and the
Australian Defence Force (ADF) as joint licensees, to apply separately for a joint special license
(J SL). If granted, the JSL exempts the Defence Organisation from the prov is ions of
Regulations 4.41 to 4.54 inclusive. The granting of the JSL is subject to a number of conditions
being placed upon. and met by. the Defence Organisation. When granted, a JSL is valid for four
years. Appendix 2 provides details of the provisions of Regulations 4.41 to 4.54, which bo'h the
000 and the ADF may be required to comply with should the jOint JSL be cancelled. suspended or
varied for any reason.
AIM
4.
The aim of this annex is to provide guidance to Program Managers to ensure that the
Defence Organisation meets its obligations under the Plant Regulations and in particular. fulfil the
conditions imposed upon it for the granting of a JSL.
AU
Public
a.
B.
is
at
Defence Occupational Health and Safety Manual
3A-3
Director Defence Occupational Health and Safety
8. The Director Defence Occupational He Ith and Safety (DDOH S) is responsible for:
a. the coordination of retums which are required under the Regulations. from Defence
Estate Organisation (DEO) and Support Command Australia (SL;AUST);
b. the coord ination of any variations to the JSL;
c. provide information to the Safety Rehabilitation and Compensation Commission
(SRCC) on plant covered by the JSL as required under the Regulations:
d. provide advice to th e responsible program's time frames for the provision of
information required under the condilions of the JSL.
Head Defe nce Estate Organisation
9.
Head Defence Estate Organisation (HDEO) is responsible for those items of plant ind uded
under the JSL arrangements which are 'Fixed Items of Plant" which form part of the essential
building services of building fabric at all establishments, units and bases. HDEO is responsib le for
providing (for each establishmentluniUbase) the following information for plant and equipment for
which they have management responsibility to DDOHS every twelve months:
a. contact officer details (appointment, address and telephone number);
b. number of plant items held by each establishment/unitlbase during the reporting
periods;
c. number of new plant introduced into the workplace during the reporting period;
d. number of plant items modified during the reporting period:
e. number of plant items disposed of during the reporting eriod; and
f. number of plant registered during the reportin g period (including details of the system
of reg\ tration).
Commander Support Command Australia
10.
Commander Support Command Australia (COMDSCAUSn is responsible for those items of
plant included under the JSL arrange ents which are classed as being 'Mobile lIems of Plant' at all
ships , establishments , units and bases . SCAU ST is re sponsible for providing (for each
ship/eslablishmenUunitlbase) the following informallon for plant and equipment for which they have
management responsibility 10 DDOHS every twelve months:
a. contact officer details (appointment, address and telephone number);
b. number of plant items held by each ship/establishmentiuniUbase dunng the reporting
penods;
c. number of new plant Introduced into the workplace during the reporting period ;
d. number of plant items modified during the reporting period ;
e. number of plant items disposed of during the reportin g period; and
f. number of plant registered during the reporting period (including details of the system
of registration).
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Defen ce I:state Organisatlon and Commander Support Command A ustralia
DEO and SCAUST are responsible for establishing and implementing procedures that will
11.
ensure compliance with the Regulations an thiS annex. DEO and SCAUST are to en ure that
procedures include the following:
a. Plant subject to the JSL. (Appendix 1 provides details of plant subject to JSL), DEO
and SCAUST are responsible for:
1) carrying out maintenance and testing inspections, in accordance with the
manufacturer's requirements and relevant Australian Standards, on the
licensed plant a\ least once a year, or sooner if a need is identified by
fo ll owing a n as s essment u nd er t a ken In accordance wit h
sub-subparagraph 12.i;
(2) keeping records of maintenance Inspections which afe earned out on licensed
plant. Tne records must include a statement to the effect that each item of
plant has been maintained in a safe condition and is safe to operate;
(3) establishing and maintaining a system within each Program for registering
In-house plant designs. The system for registering in-house plant designs is to
make provisions for recording individual plant designs (including such things
as technical speCifi cations and drawings) and design alterations. Details of
those items of plant requiri ng registration or notification of design are provid ed
at appendix 3. As stated in subparagraph 12.g., HOPE is responsible for
monitoring compliance with the Regulalions, however, the progra ms are to
ensure that the system, once established , is audited annually. In addition, as
part of the conditions of the JSL, the SReC may audit the plant design
registration system at a mutually convenient time;
(4) keeping a register that contains records of how each item of licensed plant is
used. Appendix 4 provides details of the register. The register must be
updated at least every 12 months or whenever an item of plant is relocated,
modified, etc;
(5) notifying HDPE whenever licensed plant is altered , relocated , disposed of, or if
there is a change of ownership; and
(6)
notifying HOPE whenever new plant, subject to the licensing provisions of the
Regulations, is acquired.
Commanders/managers
All plant. With respect to all plant (ie as defined in paragraph 9 and including plant which is
12.
subject to a JSL) commanders/managers are responsible for:
a. protecting the health and safety of employees and others ope rating the plant;
b. protecting the health and safety of those involved in commissioning and installing all
plant;
c.
ensuring that pla nt is decommissioned. dismantled and disposed of in a manner
conSistent with provisions under the Regulations:
d.
provide traini ng for all those who;
e.
(1)
operate. maintain, inspect or audit plant; and
(2)
train others to operate, maintain. inspect or audit plant;
developing safety procedures for individual items of plant;
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of
JSL
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Defence Occupational Health and Safety Manual
3A-6
1.
2.
3.
4,
5.
6.
Plant requiring licence in accordance with schedule 6, part. 2 of the plant r,egulations
Plant licensing and design reglstrdtion
respoflsibilitif:!s
Items of plant requiring registration or
in accordance with schedule 6,
part 1 of the regulations
Plant register
Occupational health and safety risk ",,,,n,,,,,,,,,,rn,,,
Plant monitoring/audit plan
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1
ANNEXATO CHAPTER 3 20F
2
ANNEXA TO CHAPTER 3 of
Note
the
OI5IPI8''1EJC
on
near
a
g.
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Defence Occupational Health and Safety Manual
APPENDIX 3 TO
A NNEXA TO
CHAPTER 3
ITEMS OF PLA NT REQU IRING REGISTRATION OR NOTIFICATION OF DESIGN
IN ACCORDAN CE WITH SCHEDULE 6, PART 1 OF THE REGULATIONS
Item No
Desc riptio n of Plant
1
Pressure equipment, other than pressur piping, thai have a hazard level of A, B,
C or 0, determined in accordance with Australian Standards (AS ) 3920, part 1
'Pressure Equipment Manufacture-Assurance of Product Quality (ME/1/21
Standard AMBSC').
2
Gas cylinders covered by AS 2030.
3
Tower Cranes,!-I
4
Building maintenance units.
5
Hoists, with a platform movement in excess of 2.4 metres, designed to lift
people.111
6
Work boxes suspended fro m cranes.
7
Amusement structures covered by AS 3533 (,Amusement Rides and Devices')
other than class 1 structures.
8
Prefabricated scaffolding.
9
Boom-type elevating work platforms.
10
Gantry Cranes;!")
(a) with a safe working load greater than 5 tonnes, or
(b) designed to handle molten metal or dangerous goods. lbl
Bridge cranes;!"
11
(a) with a safe working load of 10 lannes, or
(b) designed to handle molten metal or dangerous goodS.(bl
12
Vehicle hoists.!')
13
Mast climbing work platforms.'")
14
Mobile cranes with a safe working load greater than 10 10nnes .,I,
Notes
(a)
For the purposes or licensing, any reference to cranes and hoists in schedule 6 exclude those that are
manually powered , elevaling work platforms or tow trucks.
(b)
'Dangerous goodS' means dangerous goods as defined in the 'Australian Code for the Transport of
Dangerous Goods by Road and Rail', 5th edition, published by the Federal Office of Road Safety in
September 1992..
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3A3-2
Plant designs
1.
Employers are not to use plant hsted In this appendix unless lhat plant tias a CUfrent
reg istration number which is issued by the Sa fety, Rehabilitation and Compensation Commission
(SRCC).
2.
An employer may apply 10 the SReC for registration of the design of plant listed in this
appendix. This process invoives Ihe submission of a written application form, which includes a
representational drawing of the plant design; a statement signed by or for Ihe manufacturer of the
plant to the effect that the design of he plant complies with the provisions of the regu lations thai
apply to manufacturers of plan!; and a statement, by a design verifier, wh ich states that this has
been done.
Nole
A design verifier is a competent. independent person who Is responsible for advising whether the
design of a plant complies with the provisIons or the regulations.
3. Registration of a plant design is subject to the following conditions:
a. evidence of design registration is to be displayed on or near Ihe plant to which the
design registration relates, and
b. the registration number must be provided to any person who deals with the employer
in relation to the plant.
4.
The SRCC is to be notified whenever there is an alteration to the plant design and
employees are not to use the item of plant until the SRCC has been notified. However. Ihe SRCC
does not need to be notified of an afteration which has been carried out by a person administering
a Staterremtory law that corresponds to the Act or the Regu lations.
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3A5-2
c.
conducting a workplace audit using a plant hazard inspection worksheet (refer to
enclosure 1). The audit should focus not only on hazards associated with the Item of
plant but also the system of work; and
d.
seeking the views of employees who work with plant, as they are familiar with the
hazards associated with the particular item of plant they operate.
Step 2-risk assessment
6.
If during step 1 a potentially hazardous event or situation is identified which may arise from
plant In the workplace, these are to be assessed to determin e the risk posed by each hazard. This
is achieved by:
a. gathering information about each hazard idenli led. Source of infonnalion include:
(1 ) observation of the workplace, system of work, etc;
(2) consultation wilh employees;
(3) accidenVincident, compensation and first aid records;
(4) report (eg Hazard Reports) from employees or supervisors;
(5) maintenance logs of plant;
(6) manuals provided with plant;
(7) articles in Occupational Health and Safety newsletters/magazines; and
(8) other agencies (eg Worksafe Australia , Comcare Australia, manufacturer, etc);
b. detennining how many people are exposed 10 each hazard and for how long;
c. assessing the likelihood that the hazard will occur within the life of the pla nt. The
likelihood may be defined as;
d. (1) very likely-could happen frequently:
(2) likely-coutd happen occasionally:
(3) unlikely-could happen, but only rarely; and
(4) highly unlikely~ou ld happen but probably never will.
assessing the consequence of a hazardous event or situation. The consequence may
inclUde any of the following:
(1) fatality;
(2) major injuries (nonnally irreversible injury or damage to health);
(3) minor injuries (normally reversible injury or damage to health requiring several
days off work);
(4) negligible injuries (first aid); and
(5) damage to a sets (ie buildings, other pi nt and eqUipment).
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Defence Occupational Health and Safety Manual
3A5-3
e. determining the seriousness of the risk associated with the hazardous event or
situation. This may be done with the assistance of the risk table which is in
enclosure 2.
7.
Following a risk assessment the hazards identified should be priorillsed so Ihat Ihose with a
high risk raling are tackled first, followed by hazards with a medium risk rating and then t ose with
a low risk rati ng. An example of a risk assessmen t worksheet is oontained in enclosure 3.
Step 3-risk control
8.
Where a risk to health and safety has been identified the next slep in the risk management
process is to determine the appropriate strategy to effectively control the hazards. Ri sks are to be
controlled using the following conlrol hierarchy. In many cases a combination of controls wjIJ be
necessary to reduce Ihe risk to a safe level.
a. Elimination/substitution. The best way to eliminate the hazard is to completely
remove the plant or system of work. !f elimi nation is not possible then it may be
possible to SUbstitute the pla nt or paris of the plant for other types which present a
lower level of riSk.
b. Isolation. Isolaling the hazard allows for the physical separation of the hazard from
the workplace. If the hazard cannot be elim inated then the separation of the hazard
from employees, by use of guards on plant, completely enclosing noisy plant in
booths, relocating noisy portions of the plant or the use of remote handling devices
should be c.onsidered.
c. Engineering. Engineering the hazard out through modifying the plani by installing
cut-out switches, screens and/or machine guards and ventilation systems.
d. Administrative. Safe work practices must be encouraged and used at all limes to
minimise exposure to a hazard and thereby minimiSing the risk. Administrative control
measures include:
e. (1) Job rotation to reduce the exposure time to hazardous work processes or
conditions,
(2) education and training of em ployees.
(3) adequate housekeeping procedures. and
(4) supervision of employees in safe work practices.
Personal Protective Equipment (PP E). This control measure is a means of covering
and protecting an employee's body from hazards. This form of control shOUld only be
used in the following situations:
(1) as a temporary measure until a more effective control can be established.
(2) if other controls are impracticable 0 ; not as effective or efficient as PPE,
(3) during routine maintena nce or emergency clean up procedures, and
(4) to supplement other control measures
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Defence Occupational Health and Safety Manual
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Step 4-monitoring and review
9. Monitoring and review is a necessary component of the risk management process as:
a. it assists in determining how effective the control measures have been (ie whether or
not they have had the intended effect and that no hazards have been created by the
control measure itself); and
b. not ali hazards may have been identified and they may show up after a control
measure is implemented.
10.
Risk assessments must also be undertaken whenever circumstances change. For example
when :
a. information is obtained about a previously unknown design or mLlnufacturing fault, or
about a previously unidentified hazard;
b. the design is revised or modified;
c. there is a change to a risk control measure after a review of its effectiveness;
d. the system of work associated with the plant is changed;
e. the plant is moved ; ownership of the plant changes ; g. there is a change to the workplace environment; and
h. there is any other change that makes the existing risk assessment irrelevant.
Enclosures:
1.
Plant hazard identification work sheet
2.
Risk table
3.
Plant risk assessment work sheet
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Defence Occupational Health and Safety Manual
ENCLOSURE 1 TO
APPENDIX 5 TO
ANNEXA TO
CHAPTER 3
PLANT HAZARD IDENTIFICATION WORK SHEET
(Please use a separate form for each item of plant)
UniUEstabtishmentlBranch:
Plant:
Program:
Manufacturer:
Site/location:
Model and Senal Number:
Inspected by:
Date;
Hazard and Source
Comments
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Defence Occupational Health and Safety Manual
ENCLOSURE 2 TO
APPENDIX 5 TO
A NNEXA TO
CHAPTER 3
RISK TABLE
1.
A risk table is a tool that may be used to assess the degree or risk posed by a hazardous
event or situation.
LIKELIHOOD
Consequence
Very High
Likely
Unlikely
Highly Unlikely
Fatality
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
MEDIUM
Major Injuries
HIGH
HIGH
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
Minor Injuries
HIGH
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
LOW
Negligible Injuries
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
LOW
LOW
Other asset
damage
MEDIU M
LOW
LOW
LOW
2.
Events or situations assessed as very likely with fatal consequen es are til In sl serious
(ie HIGH risk rating): those assessed as highly unlikely with negligible Injuries are the least serious
(ie LOW sk rating). Control stra tegies are to ensure that those hazard s with a HIGH risk ratin g are
dealt with first.
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LJniVEslablishmentlBraneh:
Program:
Sit&ll..ocahon:
Plant
Manufacturer:
Serial Numbec
Compiled by '.
Date:
-g
HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION
(See appendix 1)
LIKELIHOOD
I
~
Z
CONSEQUENCE
CONTROL ACTION
RISK RATING
;xl
en
(Sea appendix 2)
Very Likely
Likely
lInlikely
Highly Unhk61y
-t
Fatality
Major Injuries
Minor Injuries
Negfigible Injurios
Other Asset
Damago
"»enen 1. Initiated
2. ImplEimented
3. Reviewed
Higtl
Medium
m
en
en
Low
1
2
~
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RESTRICTED WHEN COMPLETED
CONTACT OFFICERS DETAILS
APPOINTMENT­
PROGRAM­
SHIP/ESTABlISHME::NTIUNITIBRANCH
~"TELEPHONE
POSTAUADDRESS._......_ , _ _ _ _.
NUMBER:
REPORTING PERIOD,
1I01i.ERS
PRESSURE
TOWER
\'ESSE!.S "
CRANeS '"
BUILDING
N;\\HTENANCE
UHITS J
;\IIIIJSEIIlENT
STRUCTllRES "
TRUCK"'OONIEO
CONCRETE
PLACING UNiTS
WITH BOOMS \1,(,
..OO'lE
CAAHES:
TOTAl. NUMSER OF ITEMS
NEW Pl.NIT INTROOuCEO OUR, fiG THE REPCRTING PERIOD I
P!.ANT MODIflEO DURING THE
REPORTING PERIOD
!'tANT DISPOSED OF OUl~'NG
THE REPORflNG P~RIOO
P!.ANT OESIG!lSREGISTEREO
DlJRlflG REPORTiNG PERIOO
(~l
i
,
I
RESTRICTED WHEN COMPLETED
1
..
a
i'O
<>
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Ik»lers catlegonse,Q as I1azard level A,
Equipment
'"II>
W
c::
a::rordlng 10 the cnteria identified in: Aus.tralian Standard (AS) 3920,1-'Pressur'i!
01
'0
(b)
g
Pressure vessels thai IlllllEl a hazard level 01 A. B. C. or 0
covered by AS 2030. lP gss IUfll vessels lor automotive =>
2971. 9!.
(e) Tower era"",s.
'"~
(n) I'lUltfl.ng maimenance units.
Amusement structures CCMlred by AS 3533, w,lh the I!xceptiOI1 of Class 1 slruclU'es.
(f)
Truck mounted concrete placing unns with booms, ie)
Mobm, craoos wilh II sate working klatI greater Inar 10 tonnes,
(h) Provide deta,ls of the sysl<lm of registration
(i) Reference 10 cranes and ho;sls extruding those thai are n,aJ)Jally powered. elevaling pialfo-ms or low truCks.
:r
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Defence Occupational Health and Safety Manual
38-2
8. f. ed ucation at aU levels regard ing the effect of noise on hearing and the procedures to
be followed to prevent NI
g. the provisio of personal Hearing Protect on Devices (HPD) to all !:!lIIlJloyees working
in HPA as well as, operational, tacticaJ and field areas; and
h. the identification of employees wi th NI, by compari ng reference audiograms with
mon itoring audjograms performed during the peri od of em ployment.
Guidance on impulse noise is contained in appendix 1.
RESPONSIBILITIES
9.
Head Defence Personnel Executive (HOPE) HDPE is respon sible for the formulaiion of
Defence Organisation policy regarding all aspects of noise management.
10.
Program Managers. Program Managers are to plan and implement a NMP, incorporating
the specific pollcie oUliined in this annex . Any expenses incurred in Implementing this chapter will
be the responsibility of Program Management (DI(G) ADM IN 39-1-Program Management and
Budgeting- Prog ram Structure and OI (G) ADMIN 39- 2- Program Manage ment and
Budgeting-Operating Framework refer).
11 .
Commanders/Managers. The prevention of occupational hearing loss due to exposure to
nOise hazards is the responsibility of all commanders/managers in accordance with the OHS Act.
12. Employees. Employees while at work are to take all reasonable practicable steps:
a. not to create a risk, or increase an existing risk, to their health and safety or to other
persons at or near the workplace;
b. to cooperate with all persons who have obligations under the OHS Act to the extent
necessary te enable them to fulfil those obligations; and
c. to use equipment in accordance with any instruction Issued by either management or
the workplace supervisor consistent with its safe and proper use.
NOISE MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES
13,
The noise exposure of a person is determined by the level and duration of noise they are
exposed to per working day. This noise exposu re, in conjunction with other ractors, can be used to
develop noise management practices.
Engineering controls
14.
Program Managers are to ensure that noise is controlled by engineering design methods
such as elimination, enclosure and isolation. These methods are to be applied in the planning and
design, and prior to the procurement stages, of new buildings, equIpment and won< proce ' s!:!s.
15.
For continuous noise, the occupational exposure Umit is a maximum of 85 dB{A), as
averaged over an eight hour working day. For impulse noise, the occupational exposure limit is a
maximum of 140 dB linear (lin) Peak Sound Pressure Level (SPL) at any time.
16.
Where practicable, appropriate engineering measures are to be taken 10 limit the noise
levels to which personnel may be exposed. Engineering controls should also be appl ied to ex isting
equipment, and processes, which creale noise beyond the reca mended limits contained in th is
chapter.
Amber
Zone~
of
Black
time:
or 115
A
f4nwnninotinn
Extreme Zone.
b.
a.
to
Termination of Service. All
the
emDlovet~s
Defence Occupational Health and SafelY Manual
38-6
34.
Procedures for the conduct of audiometric examinations are in appendix "7.
Compensatio n
35.
Audiometric surveillance may identify hearing loss or other impairments which may be
attrib uted to the working environment. Program Managers are to ensure that affected employees
are informed of their entiUement to com pensation . The audiometric report will form part of the
medical documentation in relation to compensation claims.
Education
36.
Education on NI i an important strategy for hearing conservation. Program Managers are to
provide, to personnel who are likely to be exposed to noise levels above 85 dB{A) or 140 dB(lin),
Instruction on the effects of noise, NI and prevention strategies, prior 10 such exposure.
37.
Program Managers are to ensure that employees responsible for designing or purchasing
equipment, processes and facilities are aware of and receive this chapter on NI and methods for
controlling noise at the source. Such instruction is to be provided prior to, or as soon as possible
after, being posted to a position with such responsibility.
Operational areas
38 .
Units In operational areas are to establish a NMP. Areas declared as provisional HPA
should be surveyed within one month. Tarmac areas, engine rooms, WOrkshops and research
facilities are to be rega rded as provisional HPA until they have been surveyed.
Documentation
39.
Form PM 139-Hearing Conservation Report, or equivalent for civilian employees. is part of
an individual's occupational health record and is 10 be managed as such in accordance with section
16 of the OHS Act, the Privacy Act 1988 and the Public Service Act 1922. Program Managers are
to issue administrative details and reporting procedures for Form PM 139 and Civilian audiometric
reports.
Appendixes:
1.
Impulse Noise
2.
Waming Sign-Amber Zone
3.
Warning Sign-Red Zone
4.
Warning Sign-Black Zone
5.
Waming Sign- Extreme Noise Zone
6.
Form PM 139-Hearing Conservation Report
7.
Method for Audiometric Examination (for Australian Defence Force Personnel)
8.
The 3 Decibel Rule
Defence OccUiJational
Manual
1 TO
ANNEiXBTO
CHAPTER J
NOISE
1.
This
to firearm
a.
nn~lnt"!''''
noise. The
contains
As a component of all i'litiei
shall be demonstrated to all nA.r!':nnrll::>1
shall receive
rr1!l;>r.t,nr!': causes of n<><>"",,,
b.
static range
All
""'lc<::nnn,."
shall include refresher
on
shall wear earmuffs. Personnel
wear ""ru..,rnnri,~I",hl reted ear
lhose
who cannot wear ear
within a rad~us of 25 metres of a
in progess.
t:>.m.... lt"":''''
are to
consequences.
nor"":",,
c.
d.
U"tllnwmn ::>rr",n,rt""TI",,,I<,
mound shall wear
3TO ANNEX TO CHAPTER 3 Defence Occupational Health and Safely Manual
APPENDIX 5 TO
A NNEX B TO
CHAPTER 3
WARNING SIGN-EXTREME NOISE ZONE
(
HEARING
"\ PROTECTION AR EA \' EAR MU FFS AND EAR PLUGS ~ MUST BE WORN EXTREME ZONE AP PLY TI ME-LIMIT ON EXPOSURE
ANNEXBTO
Defence Occupational Health and Safety Manual
APPENDIX 7 TO
A NNEX 8 TO
CHAPTER 3
METHOD FOR A UDIOMETRIC EXAMINATION (FOR AU STRALIAN DEFENCE FOR CE PERSO NNEL) 1.
Wherever possible, audiograms are to be performed in automatic mode. Where an
audiometer does not have an automatic function , the audiogram is to be performed manually.
Manual testing is to follow the method detailed in AS 1269-1989, and in add ition, 8000 Hz is to be
tested. Automati c testing is to be performed on all frequencies 500 Hz to 8000 Hz. The testing
proced ure is as (ollows:
a. Inform the employees being tested that they are going to hear a series of sounds
through the earphones and instruct them to listen carefully and signal by pressing
and releasing the response button each time they hear one of these sounds, no
matter how faInt it is.
b. The earphones are placed firmly over the ears, with the red phone over the right ear
and blue phone over the left. The earphones should be level with the entrance to the
ear canal, and the headset should be secure.
c. Where one ear is known to be significantly belle r than Ihe other, the test is
commenced with the better ear. If there is no significant difference between the ears,
begin wilh the right ear.
d. The audiometer will perform the test automatica lly, and the manufacturer's
instructions must be followed All frequencies from 500 to 8000 Hz are to be tested
and recorded on the member's Form PM 139--Hearing Conservation Report or
equivalent civilia n form.
2.
The respective Programs are to ensure that personnel conducting procedures are trained in
audiometric testing. Each employee attending for an audiometric assessment is to take their HPD
fo r examination by appropriately trained health personnel during that attendance .
3.
The re spective Director-Generals of Health Services are to ensure that, when employees are
found to have a Significant threshold shift compared to their most recent reference aud iogram,
standard review procedures and actions are undertaken as defined by Program Managers.
Recommended procedures are as follows:
B.
Ensure that no transient condition exists that could account for the hearing loss, such
as a cold , earache or recent noise exposure. If such a condition exists, defer action
and retest as soon as possible after remission of the symptoms.
b.
If no condition exists, repeat the audiogram within 24 hours or as soon as possible
thereafter, after 16 hours in quiet conditions. Average the results from the two
alJdiograms. If the average loss from the re ference audiogram is 15 dB or less, in all
frequencies 500-8000 Hz, take no further action.
c.
Should there be , at any frequency 500-8000 Hz, a threshold shift of 15 dB or greater
from lhe reference audiogram :
(1)
advise the employee of the test results;
(2)
check the employee's nOise exposure history since the last aUdiogram was
performed;
(3)
check the suitability and condition of the employee's hearing protection
eqUipment, the technique of fi tting and frequency of use ; and
(4)
take appropriate corrective action, eg reissue of PPE, relocation 10 a quiet
work area.
Defence UCCUI)aI!O!1al
Manual
387-2
d, Should any of the medical referral
(1 )
ADF
or
detailed in
4. referral crlleria are:
a
",innjfi"",,~t
threshold shift of 15 dB or more at any
b,
c,
for review and advice.
Relest the Flr1'''''r'''.... in six months,
Tile
a,
4, be met:
are to be referred to a medical officer for review and advice,
civHian errml()lIl'!es are to be referred 10 an
e. "":>I,:>"..::1,...h
"",<iLl."""" 500-8000 Hz:
loss difference between both ears is 15 dB or more at any
m"rn",,,",...
from an ear, occlusion of the ear canal
wax or if Ihere is a
or
d
5. other reason that tr,e tester considers
The results of the
and termination
civilian document
""'-"'''''''''''' for medical olticel'Jalidi()~JjSI
aUljlolJraim will be included on the
medical form,
be annotated on Form PM 139 or an
Defence
OCl~lIp,ationaf
Health and
Manual
APPENDIX 8 TO
ANNEXBTO
CHAPTER 3
3 .........
'U .....
RULE
1.
The 3 dB rule
a
for the length of time
to
slate noise hazards
a normal recovery
below 75 dB
essence. for
~ime is halved. This means Ihat a 3
every 3
increase in the sound level the
The
below illustrates the 3 dB rule.
increase is a
of the sound
SPL (dB(A))
of
85
8 hours
a8
4 hours
91
:2 hours
94
1 hour
97
30 minutes
100
15 minutes
Defence Occupational Health and Safety Manual
ANNEXC TO
CHAPTER 3
ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
SYNOPSIS: This annex contains the safety measures applicable to electronic and
electrical hazards. The electrical
of
and
is
inherent in its
manufacture, installation and maintenance and
....rtw..I"rlv carried out there is little risk to
or
where these
employees.
REFERENCES
1. Defence
MOHS-A. chapter 39. Electronic and Electrical Hazards
2. Other
3. Cross Reference
4, annex A-Ionising Radiation Hazards
Chapter 4. annex
Radiation
Defence UCCU!)8110nal Health and
Manual
WELDING, SYNOPSIS:
REFERENCES
1.
Defence
2.
Other
W ..411ir", nn"r,rn,~.."':ti"n"
AS 1558-Protective
"J,,''''ir,n
AS 1338 Parts 1-3-Filters for eye
ProctlJsstils Part 1-Flre Precautions
for weldars
AS 3853-Fuma from we,/<1IrlO and allied processes
AS t-tr.::zt1$lmlf1lnn
AS
screens and curtains for
,...,J'uJIfl.nD
Gas reticulation
w .. ,trtU'1in OjrJfJfammS
",v'~r""m",
Worksafe Australte: GUijdEl-WE~ldlna Fumes and Gases
3. Cross Reference
1, annex '1:S--K,eQIJlaUor
5, annex
A~Hazardous
and Cones of Practice
Substances
7, annex K-Personal Protective Equipment
Defence Occupational Health and Safety Manual
ANNEX E TO CHAPTER 3 FIRE SAFETY SYNOPSIS : This annex directs Defence Programs to implement the administrative
procedures outlined in MFPE-Manual of Fire Protection Engineering
which is the primary source of policy on emergency procedures within
the Defence Organisation.
REFERENCES
1.
Defence
MOHS-A chapter 43-Fire Prevention DCM No 79/92-Fire Safety MFPE chapter 2-Fire and Emergency Training 2.
Other
AS 1266-Fire Control Plans for Ships
AS 1603.1-Fire Detection, Automatic
AS 1841.1-Fire Extinguishers, Portable
AS 3504-Fire Blankets
AS 4067-Firefighters Helmets-Specification
AS 4067-Fire Prevention
AS 1851-Fire Protection Equipment, Maintenance of
AS 2375- Guide to Selection , Care and Use of CI(Jlhing for Protection Against Heat and
Fire
3.
Cross Reference
Chapter 7, annex J-Emergency Procedures
Defence Occupational Health and Safety Manual
38-3 Administrative controls
17.
Where the application of engineering controls is not reaso nably practicable. Program
Managers are to ensure that administrative COl troiS are to be applied to reduce the noise exposure
of personnel and third parties, so that noise exposure limits are not exceeded. Administrative
controls include the scheduling of work, job rotation, observa nce of quiet work practices and limiting
the entry of personnel and third parties 10 work areas.
Personal protective equipment
18.
Personal hearing protection is required when engineering and administrative controls have
failed, or where It is not practicable (e9 some weapon systems). to reduce noise exposure to
recommended levels. Guidance in selecting and fitting of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) can
be obtained from Australian Standard (AS ) 1269 or the National Acoustic Laboratories (NAL)
publication 'Attenuation of Hearing Protectors'
19. The use of PPE must be supported by a comprehensive program which includes:
a. guidelines and Instruction on equipment selection, LIse and maintenance:
b. education of employees (edLlcation is to be provided prior to employees commencing
work in a HPA or the Introduction of new types of PPE); and
c. regular audiometric examinations (refer to paragraph 32).
20.
HPD can be passive or active. Passive HPD (eg normal earmuffs or earplugs) are to have
Standards Australia approval. Active HPD are devices in the form of earmuffs which include
electroni circuitry to reduce the noise at the ear of the wearer.
21.
Personnel are to wear appropriate personal HPD while working in or visiting a HPA. Each
employee who is issued with a HPD has a personal responsibility for ensuring that the HPD fits
properly, is clean and is fully serviceable. The wearing of HPD in HPA is mandatory. Employees
who wilfuOy fail to wear issued HPO may be liable to disciplinary or appropriate administrative
action being taken against them. If employees have any medical or other impairment that would
interfere with their use of a particular type of HPD. they are to advise their supervi sor so that
alternative HPO may be provided.
22.
Commanders/managers are to ensure thai visitors are provided with clean and fu lly
serviceable HPD.
Noise assessments
23.
Noise assessments involve the measurement and analysis of noise sources. Program
Managers are to ensure that noise assessments are performed at regular intervals, but not (ess
than once every five years, at all Defence establishments where noise levels are expected to
exceed 85 d8(A). Also, noise assessments are to be conduct.ed when changes are made to
equipment or processes within the working area.
24,
Program Managers are to ensure that noise assessment of Defence establishments and
fa cilities are conducted where noise levels are expected to exceed 85 dB(A) for continuous noise or
140 d8(l1n) for impulse noise. The objectives of noise assessments are to:
a. identify areas where personnel and third parties are likely to be exposed to noise
levels above the specified limits,
b. obtain information on the characteristics of the noise to determine appropriate control
measures,
c. evaluate the effectiveness of nOise control measures, and
d. provide information for the selection of appropriate hearing protection measures.
Defence OCCIJI)aliIOnal Health and
Manual
TO
CHAPTER 3
1'\1'41'4t::AF
THERMAL CONDITIONS
factors determine whether thermal extremes will
and health at work. This annex "r,... ""t"!~'" 1'>,"""1'",1
environmental conaitions should be
SYNOPSIS:
:U""'!r~''''V
a
safe
so that
eli",,,,,,.....fnrl Of thermal stress
adverse environmental """,.m',nn can be eliminated or minimised.
REFERENCES
1.
Defence
DI(G) PERS 16-9-Prevention of Heat Related Illness and OHSMAN 1
DCMNo
~h:'"nl"'r
wO,rlm"la
Thermal Conditions In Hot Conditions, 17
.!'If!-lI!'l--AJ:rcf'lnrJ'Jt/(1:n!t;lrl
2.
1995
and Thermal Comforl in Australian Public Service
Vl/lr.;C''I>.
Other
and Thermal Comfort in Australian Public Service Offices--An information
and
1994
3.
Cross Reference
8, annex
A~Prevention
of Heat Related Illness and
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED
Defence WHS Manual
volume 2, part 4, chapter 1
CHA PTER 1
FOI 130/13/14
Serial 2
NOISE MANAGEMENT IN DEFENCE
Section '1 - Overview
Policy statement 1,1.1
Defence has a 'duty of care' under the Occupstlonal Health and Safety Act
1991 (OHS Act) and Occupational Health and Safety Standards (Safety
Standards) Regulatlons 1994 - Part 3 - Occupationa' Noise (Safety Standards
Regulations), to ensure employ ees (ADF and APS), con tractors and o ther
affected pers ons, are not s ubjected to noIse in excess of the mandated
exposure standard. See section 10 for references.
Additionally. Defenco (as an employer) must take all reasonably pra(;ficab/e
steps to ftnsure that employees, contractors and other affected persons, d o
not suffer No/se Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) as a result of Defence worle or
actiVities.
Background
1.1.2
Employees may be exposed in their work to noise emanating from a wide variety of
sources such as aircraft engines, modem weapons, vehicles, workshop machinery
and portable power tools. Under the OHS Act, Groups and Services have a 'duty of
care' to prevent NIHL
Noise may be annoying and interfere with concentration, and if loud enough. it may
cause hearing loss in an exposed person. Frequent exposure to even moderately
high-levels of noise without suitable protective measures may cause permanent
hearing loss. In addition, excessive noise can cause temporary loss of hearing,
interfere with speech, and disrupt concentration, sleep and relaxation .
Occupational NIHL is a major health risk for employees in the workplace . The
condition is irreversible and can lead to degradation of an employee's quality of life
due to communication difficulties. Exposure to excessive noise can also result in
costs to Defence including:
Introduction
1.1.3
•
increased employee absenteeism and turnover;
•
lowered performance and increased accidents; and
•
increased health care and compensation.
Hearing Protection Areas (H PA) cannot always be identified in operational, tactical or
field situations. Individual items of plant or equipment may be designated as HPA for
the protection of the operator/user (eg artillery weapons, vehicles, small arms etc).
For the remaining situations, Groups and Services are to develop risk assessment
techniques to quantify the degree of risk associated with managing these noise
hazards.
For the purposes of the Safety Standards Regulations, the exposure standard for
noise in the occupational environment IS an eight hour equivalent continuous A­
weighted sound pressure level, 'LAaq,Bh " of 85 dB(A). For peak noise, the exposure
standard is a C-weighted peak sound pressure level, 'Lc,peale ', of 140 dB{C). The
exposure to noise !s measured at the employee's ear position without taking into
account any hearing protection , Repeated exposure to noise between 75 and 85
dB(A) over long periods may be a small risk to some people. The risk becomes
greater with progressively increa sing levels. Therefore, workplace noise levels lower
than the National Standard for Occupational Noise [NOHSC: 1007(2000)] are
desirable, section 10, references refers .
Continued on next page
mAinArlA
{he risks to
means
the
I1RI'IIrlrll'l
and the
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED
Defence WHS Manual
volume 2, part 4. chapter I
Policy
principles
providing personal Hearing Protection Devic s (HPD ) to all employees
working in HPA as well as, operationa l, tacUcal and field areas; and
1.1.7
identifying employees with IHL. by comparing reference audiograms with
monitoring audlograms performed during the period of employment.
(continued)
Noise management principles and guidance on impulse noise is contained In
sections 3 and 4.
Contents
This chapter contains the following sections.
1.1.8
Section
Content
1
Overview
2
Specific responsibilities
3
Noise management principles
4
Impulse noise
5
Warning signs
6
The use of foam earplugs
7
Form PM 139 - Hearing conservation report
8
Method for audiometric examination (for Australian Defence Force
members)
9
The three decibel rule
10
Reference material
The fnllnwinn
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED
Defence WHS Manual
volume 2. pa't 4, chapter 1
Individual
responsibilities
The following table describes the responsibilities for Defence individuals.
1.2.4
Individ ual
Service Chiefs and Group
Heads Commanders
. and Executives
Responsibilities Service Chiefs and Group Heads are to plan and establ ish a NMP incorporating the
requirements of this policy, to ensure compliance with legislative requirements. When conducti ng annual OHS audits, activities in relation to noise management
should be considered , and the audit reports forwarded to Director General OHS by
30 March each year.
' Commanders and Executives are responsible for ensuring:
•
employees are aware of this policy and their obligations under it;
• employees
are not subjected to noi e in excess of the mandated exposure
standard ; and
•
risk management processes are implemented to eliminate (or if it is not
reasonably practicable minimise) the risks, to ensure employees do not suffer
Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL).
Managers and
Supervisors
When conducting annual OHS intemal audits. the responsible Commanders and
Executives are to ensure noise manaQement related activities are included.
Managers and Supervisors are responsible for ensuring the requIrements provided In
the sections of this pol icy are implemented and maintained .
Employees
Man agers and Supervisors are required to conduct workplace inspections
periodically to identify OH S hazards, assess the associated risks and apply
aDD r~iate risk control measures, in relation to noise management.
Employees are responsible for:
Training and
skilling
1.2.5
•
nol creati ng a risk, or increasing an existing risk, to thei r health and safety or to
other persons at or near the workplace;
•
complying with workplace instructions and requirements rela ted to the prevention
of NIHL; and
•
com plying with workplace safety instructions in relation to noise management
and usll}g the safety equipment provided.
Groups and Services are responsible for ensuring all personnel who are likely to be
exposed to noise in excess of the mandated exposure standard, are provided with
information on the effects of NIHL and appropriate prevention strategies.
The Defence OHS website provides information on the Defence occupational noise
officer (DONO) course and the Noise awareness program (see section 10,
references).
Defence's mandatory OHS awareness training requirements and OHS skills
developmen t training can be located in section 10, references.
Financial
implications
1.2.6
In accordance with The Defence occupational health and safety policy framework
(see section 10, references), Groups and Services are responsible for the finanCial
costs and expenditure in relation to the implementation of this policy.
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED
Defence WHS Manual
volume 2. pan 4. chapter 1
Section 3 - Noise management princ iples
Noise exposure
1.3.1
Eng ineering
controls
1.3.2
The noise exposure of a pe rson is determined by the level and dura tion of noise they
are exposed to per working day This noise exposure. In conjunction with other
factors, can be used to develop noise management practices .
Groups and Services are to ensure thai noise is control!ed by engineering <lesign
methods such as el iminatio n. enclosure and isolation. These methods are to be
applied in the planning and design. and prior to the procurement stages, of new
buildings, eq uipmen t and work processes.
For continuous nOise, the occupational exposure limit is a maximum of 85 dB(A), as
averaged over an eight hour working day. For impulse noise. the occupat!onal
exposure limit is a maxi mum of 140 dB(C) Peak Sound Pressure Level (SPL) at any
time.
Where practicable, appropriate engineering measures are to be taken to limit the
nOise levels to whic personnel may be exposed . Engineering controls shou ld also
be applied to existing eqUipment, and processes, which create noise beyond the
recommended limits contained in this policy.
Administrative
controls
1.3.3
Personal Protective Equipment 1.3.4
Where the application of engineering controls is not reasonably practicable, Groups
and Services are to ensure that administrative controls are to be applied 10 reduce
the noise exposure of personnel and third parties. so that noise exposure limits are
not exceeded. Administrative controls tnclude the scheduling of work, job rotation.
observance of quiet work practices and limiting the entry of personnel and third
parties to work areas.
Personal hearing protection is required when engineering and administra tive controls
have failed , or where it is not practicable (eg some weapon systems). to reduce
noise exposure to recommended levels. Guidance in selecting and fitting of Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) can be obtained from AS 1269:2005 - Occupational
Noise Management or the National Acoustic L boratories (N.AL) publication
Attenuation of hearing protectors .
The use of PPE must be supported by a comprehensive program which includes:
• guidelines and instruction on equipme nt selection, use and maintenance;
• education of em ployees (education is to be provided prior to employees
com mencing work in a Hearing Protection Area (H PA) or the introduction of new
types of PPE); and
• regular audiometric examinations.
Hearing Protection Devices (H PD) can be passive or active. Passive HPD (eg
normal earmuffs or earplug s) are to have Standards Australia approval. Active HPD
are devices in the form of earmuffs, which include electronic circuitry to reduce the
noise at the ear of the Wl;lcll er.
Personnel are to wear appropriate persona! HPD while working in or visiting a HPA.
Each employee who is Issued with a HPD has a personal responsib lity for ensuring
that the HPD fits properly. Is clean and is fully serviceable. The wearing of HPD in
HPA is mandatory. Employees who wilfully fail 10 wear issued HPD may be liable to
disciplinary or appropriate administra tive acl.ion being taken against them . If
employees have any medical or other impa irment that would interfere with their use
of a particular type of HPD. they are to advise their supervisor so that alternative
HPD may be provided.
Commanders and Executives are to ensure thai visitors are provided with clean and
fully serviceable HPD.
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED
Defence WHS \4anual
volume 2. part 4. chapter 1
Noise
assessments
1.3.5
Noise assessments involve th e measurement and analysis of noise sources. Groups
and Services are to ensure that noise assessments are performed at regular
intervals, but not I 55 than once every five years, at all Defence establishments
where noise levels are expected to exceed 85 dB(A). Also. noise asses ments are to
be conducted when changes are made to equ ipment or processes within the working
area.
Groups and Se ices are to ensure that noise assessments of Defence
establishments and facili ties are conducted where noise levels are expected to
exceed 85 dB(A) for continuous noise or 140 dB( C) for impulse noise . The objectives
of noise assessments are to:
•
identify areas where personnel and third parties are likely to be exposed to noise
levels above the specified limits;
• obtain information on the characteristics of the noise to determine appropriate
control measures;
• evaluate the effectiveness of noise control measures; and
•
provide information for the selection of appropriate hearing protection measures.
Occupational noise assessments are to be cond ucted by qualified Defence
personnel such as Environmental Health Officers, or Australian Defence Force
Academy (ADFA) 'Noise' course graduates, or appropriately qualified civilian
consultants.
Hearing
protection
areas
1.3.6
Where engineering controls cannot reasonably reduce occupational noise exposure
to elow the prescribed limit of 85 dB(A) and 140 dB(C}, the area is to be classified
as a HPA. To ensure that appropriate HPD are p~escribed, four discreet noise zones
have been deSignated for use within the Defence. The octave band method Is to be
used for assessing HPD used in Red. Black and Extreme noise zones. The noise
zones are:
•
Amber Zone. An Amber Zone is designated where:
continuous noise is at or above 85 dB(A) but below 100 dB(A) for a total of
15 minutes or more in a normal working day; or
impulse noise is at or above 140 dB(C) but below 150 dB(C) at any tiole,
A choice of suitably rated earmuffs or earplugs is to be worn in an Amber Zone. The
correct class of HPD is to be selected by referring to the table in appendix A of
AS/NZS 1269.3 :2005 - Occupational noise management - Hearing protector
program, depending on the level of noise encountered.
•
Red Zone. A Red Zone is deSignated where:
con tinuous noise is at or above 100 dB(A) but below 11 5dB(A) for a total of
30 seconds or more in a normal working day; or
impulse noise is at or above 150 dB(C) but below 160 dB(C) ::It any ti me.
Suitably rated earmuffs are to be worn in a Red Zone. For guidance on how to use
the octave band method to select the most appropriate HPD refer to appendix A of
AS/NZS 1269.3:2005.
•
Black Zone. A Black Zone is designated where, at any ti me:
continuous noise is at or above either 115 dB(A) or 115 dB(C) but below
both 120 dB(A) and 120 dB(C); or
im pulse noise is at or above 160 dB(C) but below 166 dB(C).
Conllm.J8o orl next page
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED
Derence WHS Manual
lIoIume 2. part 4, chapter 1
Hearing
protectio n
areas
A combination of suitably rated earmuffs and earplugs is to be worn n a 8 1ack Zone.
For guidance on how to use the octave band mp.thod Ie select the most appropriate
HPD refer to appendix A of AS/NZS 1269.3:2005.
1.3.6 (continued)
•
Extreme Zone. An Extreme Zone is desig ated where, at any time :
continuous noise is al or above either 120 d8(A) or 120 d8 (e); or
impulse noise is at or above 166 d8(C).
A combination of suitably rated earmuffs and earplugs Is to be wom in an Extreme
Zone. For guidance on how to use the octave ba nd method to select the most
appropria te HPD refer to Appendix A of AS/NZS 1269.3:2005. In addition, limitations
on employee exposure-time, as defined by qualified Defence personnel (see 1.3.5)
or appropriately qualified civilian consultants, fe to be pplied.
The maximum SPI produced in the work area is to be used as the reference when
determining noise zones. Advice on selection of suitable HPD shoUld be obtained
from qualified Defence personnel (see 1.3.5) or appropriately qualified civilian
consultants.
Warning signs
1.3.7
Groups and Services are to ensure that warning signs are posted and maintained at
the entrance of HPA, informing personnel and third parties entering these areas that
hearing prolection i required.
The sign is to denote the colour code of the area and the type of hearing protection
device(s) required. AI! signs are to be in English and supplemented with signs in any
other language which is used as a primary language by personnel who normally
work in the area.
The design of HPA signs are detailed in section 5. ConSideration should be given to
the material from v,'hich the HPA signs are constructed. Outdoor HPA signs should
be robust, weather proof, fade proof, and produced on a suitable backing materi al
such as aluminium or plastic. Indoof signs do not normally require an alu minium
back ng and, where appropriate, should be manufactured from less expensive
ca rdboard or paper material. HPA signs should be of a size appropriate to their
location and must be clearly visible from a distance of 25 metres. For additional
information on the lise of Safety Signs, see section 10, references .
Audiometric
examinations
1.3.8
Groups and Services are to ensure that the hearing of employees who work in areas
where the steady state noise levels are above 85 d8(A) or where impulse noise is
above 140 d8(C) is monitored by regular audiometric examinations. The results of
audiograms are to be analysed to determine the effecti veness of the Noise
Management Program (NMP). Types of audiograms are as follows:
• Reference audiogram. This is either the original audiogram performed on ADF
members, either at the recruiting medical examination or shortly after enlistment
or appointment; or the initial audiogram perform ed on civilians, conducted eith r
prior to or within 90 days of commencement of employment. The reference
audiogram will be updated on direction by a medical offi cer/audiologist should
there be a significant and permanent threshold shift in hearing detected on the
monitOring audiogram. The monitoring audiogra m will then become the reference
audiogram; and
• Monito ring audiogram . This is the term given to all other survey audiograms
performed on employees during their employment. A monitoring audiogram is
usually valid for a period of 12 months.
Where the steady state noise levels exceed 85 dB(A) or where impulse noise
exceeds 140 d8(C), Groups and Services a e to ensure that, as a minimum,
audiometric examinations are performed as follows:
ConUnued on neltt P<I9Iil
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED
Defence WHS Manual
volume 2, part 4, chapter 1
Audiome tric
eXaminations
1.3.8 (conlhued)
• On commencement of Service. ADF members are to have an audiometric
examina tion performed at the recruiting medical examination or shortly after
enlistment or appointment. Civilian employees are to have an examination prior
to or within 90 days of commencement of employment but this testing is only
necessary when it is known that the employee Is to work in a noise hazardous
job/work area ;
• A nnually. All employees working in an Am ber, Red or Black HPA are to have an
audiometric exam ination annually;
• Six-monthly. Employees working in an Extreme Noise HPA are to have an
audiometric examination at least once every six months;
• Requests. Audiometric examinations should be provided \0 any employee who
requests such an examination. or to any employee who (during the course of
their employment) has been deemed to be exposed to occupational noise; and
• On term ination of Service. All employees are to have an audiometric
examination performed during the last thre e months before their termination of
employment.
Procedures for the conduct of audiometric examinations are in section 8 .
Compensation 1.3.9
Education
1.3.10
Audiometric !iurveillance may identify hearing loss or uUler im~airmen ts which may
be attributed to the working environment. Groups and Services are to ensure that
affected employees are informed of their entitlement to compensation. The
audiometric report will form part of the medical documentation in relatJon to
compensation claims.
Education on Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is an important strategy for
hearing conservation. Groups and Services are to provide. to personnel who are
likely to be exposed to noise levels above 85 dB(A) or 140 dB(C). instruction on the
effects of noise, NIHL and prevention strategies. prior to such exposure.
Groups and Services are to ensure that employees responsible for design ing or
purchasing equipment, processes and facilities are informed 0 this policy and
methods for controlling noise at the source. Such instruction is to be provided prior
to, or as soon as possible after, being posted to a position with such responsibility.
Operational
areas
1.3.11
Documentation
1.3.12
Units in operational areas are to establish a NMP. Areas declared as provisional
HPA should be surveyed within one month. Tarmac areas, engine rooms, workshops
and research facilities are to be regarde d as provisional HPA until they have been
surveyed.
Form PM 139 - Hearing conservation report (see section 7), or equivalent for civilian
employees, is part of an individual's occupational health record and is to be
managed as such in accordance with secti on 16 of the OHS Act, the Privacy Act
1988 and the Public Service Act 1999. Groups and services are to issue
administrative details and reporting procedures for Form PM 139 and civilian
audiometric reports.
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED
Defence WHS Manl.\al
volume 2. part ... chapter 1
Section 4 -Impulse noise
A rrangements
for firearm
trainirlg
1.4.1
This section contains guidance on impulse noise. The following arrangements are to
apply to firearm training:
• as a component of all initial training courses the correct use of Hearing
Protection Devices (HPD) shall be demonstrated to all personnel req ired to
participate In firearm training. Such personnel shall receive proper instruction
regarding the workings of HPD, causes of hearing damage and the associa ted
consequences;
• before eact) firearm practice, the Range Supervisor shall include refresher
training on the correct wearing of HPD;
• personnel participating in static range practices shall wear earmuffs. Personnel
participating in field firing practices are to wear HPD appropriately rated to the
levels of noise generated by the nature of the firearm training. The Range
Supervisor is respon sible for ensuring there are sufficient approprialffiy rated
HPD available for all participants; and
• all personnel em ployed within a radius of 25 metres of a firing mound shall wear
earmuffs when firing is in progress.
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED
Defence WHS Manual
2, part 4, chapter 1
~olume
Section 5 - Warning signs
Noise zone
warning signs
Diagrams of noise zone warning signs are provided below.
1.5.1
HEARIN G
~
P~CTION~~I
r~-
.
HEARING­
PROTECTION AREA
]
E AH MU FFS
MUST BE W O R N
(
M UST BE WO AN
A MB ER Z O N E )
HEARING PROTECTION AREA l
EAR MU FfS A ND EAR PLUGS
M UST BE W ORN C__B_L_A_ C_K_Z_O_N_ E _
HEARING
PROTECTIO N AREA
J
EAR MUFFS AND EAR PLUGS
----
MUST BE WORN
.- - .
.-.
~~T~~,~,~-ZN ~21l~~~_ .J
___ __ . _ .. . .
.
J.
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED
Defence WHS Manual
volume 2. part 4. chapter 1
Section 6 - The use of foam earplugs
Use of foam earplugs 1.6.1
Training for correct
insertion of foam
earplugs
1.6.2
When using foam earplugs. to provide the level of noise protection specified by
the manufacturer. foam earplugs must be inserted correctly Failing to insert
the earplugs deep enough. or nol creating an adequate seal, may result in the
earplugs providing a levei of attenuation below Ihe specified Noise Reduction
Raling.
Where personal hearing protection (or PPE) is required to reduce noise
exposure to recom mended levels (where engineenng and administrative
control have failed or are not practicable). the use of PPE must be supported
by adequate training.
Formal training such as small -group trami 9 provided by a recognised slJbject
matter expert or Instructional OVD, are recommended. However, where this Is
impractical. earmuffs should be used.
Note: Groups and Services are responsible for arrang n9 and funding training.
Recommendations
1.6.3
To miligate the potential increased risks to health and safety, managers and
supervisors are to ensure that all personnel who use foam earplugs:
• are provided with the manufacturers written instructions;
• are provided with fonnal training to ensure correct fitting; and
• use double hearing protection (earplugs with over-the-head earmuffs). if
possible or where required, 10 reduce noise exposure to recommended
levels.
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED
Defence WHS Manual
volume 2, part 4 , chapter 1
Instructions for
Inserting foam
earplugs
The fo llowing instructions for correctly inserting foam earplugs are provided by
the Instrtule of Aviation Medicine.
1.6.4
FOR :r: ­ ERTI.'oiC FO_
[ E.ARP L G
RoD tL ear plllr hlro
" IiudeT.
;a
DiU
Rollin- the iQ~ lZll~ ;0 lh;.u ~-lUId.r adnct;;.
u: .~ :lllcm..la II t<> 5t ism> •
~ md
~l.lld e1.--''y. It ~ ~~ the f~
:illo 'lnI tid! ur pl .. to be :n:uud u:.tly U:to
the en ~l
":IT p..1u;- shDuld be "l'u:.;1t
I! Cl~ C2u
the
J'ba ur
UI"
.I:.. 0W::l.O · - -=-ru"
p.lu&- mel. llta iD:o ti:a u:
~ l~ !WI ~Ir:l l
r: it
G.!ily :n:;.er. _
=
~
ur p~ deeply
~o the an "=... The
ClIZI..II ,,_ be
~ 1!;ai !htGled by.. ciw:llr;uowui '
b - of
the ~d ':h tho! :ret! JuDd. hcLdi:.e m. u:
md ~ ~ II ~ £>d Ind. f .a::u.. to
->~d ~
We
~.
p.
c.2IUl au)'
:=DOI be~ Q1:.HtI!d
~m:t tIl :::. ..aT
duply mDU;h =:0 W
.:11=.
wen the
3.
4 . Hold
II f fully
_ncis
.~
pin.
D UO
WI! .:or C:l u»L
ED plup lI:u..t be dHply IJl:4!fted Jl!.Io· .ur
;:
TO pr010W et:I!C:i,-. pro"
ml fro m
DO~t! , _ ·ohe enG'IY i . ;I"';~
. ' by tIa
propoJtum of We f~ eM p: l:' du ~" . :l1m
W ur ~,
fon n:~ iz,:par.:u:x:- :a
WNrm' to
of tht! fo . ur pl~
lD!otlu! u~u~cn=l ,
Hold <.h e e r p lUC u.nril ir .~:Io u d
3.
4. Hold
"'1
T1 • ill "~ the
p~ ~o e:ocpmd ;mod .od
w:: pb.C2 deep :dun the ear c:.uul. IW
..ould rab
10D(::ar ~O HCOD . b. If:::....
p:u:: n talC beld in llJ ~e . t Etpmd:... the
~:cllOl1 c:;m U~ "
p!u~ to ~
..urudad - D1 dw. ur =tUl - l.duc-.u~ the
;o;maunr oI~' t1 em ;ut1!UlD,
(bee~ I . ~
i=m l:l :n m.. . c::;uW), or
~ Ua GY
p~ :0
bKnD:.l! <fup
~
A \~IED Rcpor. .1h .!009
Continuod 0,.. ne xt Pa(}O
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED
Defenc:e WHS Manual
volume 2, part 4, chapleT 1
Instructions for
inserting foam
earplugs
1.6.4 (conUnued)
.-\IteJ insel'rin" eill' plugs, tbe user mnst c eck 'har rbey 11 n' been
in..erted co 'ectly.
;). VISUA CH CK
6.
ACOUSTIC CHECK
rar ICore inf
o
IDlIIOOn. p e ~e COll ct:
.~Sati1h
s~
:amm,
A UUG:l .1ed;c.1l O!!!nr • Aml)' of A\'lUlQD.!>lll· ... Im3ge r
U~ "'lIh p~UOD..
Sperum. PrOlecno Au.'>t:rlllia
• 'V"\f£D !tepa:. • 0 _009
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED
Defence WHS Manual
volume 2. part 4, chapter 1
Section 1 - Form PM 139 - Hearing conservation report
Form PM 139 - Hearing conservation report. is also available on the Defence Web
Forms System.
Fonn PM 139
1.7.1
Mt:DI AL-J - ON FIDE, C (A./II!' flnr ,.fllt')
n or Ot:( co
Hearing Conservation Report
--------------------~
• Use only bl ck pen .ndlor stllmps
1. Toe.(l _ _
,
-
... T
1at
'eI -
.....
...l
";"_~__ L..-~~
i­
§
~IIIENT ___iI&l:..
""""'
d_~
AnI_ rWwnot ~ -
I
I~ad"'.~
~~
-
. ],""'-"""'·
N.--:_ ,,&:~
10.·
,.~
.,.......,­
MEDICAL-IN-CON FlD£NCE fAft.-, flrort "ntTy)
"",.." ,... ,
Continued on ne)(/ page
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED
Defence WPS Manual volume 2. part 4, chapter 1 Form PM 139 1.7.1 (continued)
~c.lV1lmcnt
of
lin
Hearing Conservation Report
Instruction for campi tlon
5 AmeoQl.,ITir'
•
M
or _
menc hOlatIIg
_
D"fenceWHS
volume 2, JJM 4, chapter 1
""".,,,,,,,,,,.11
in automatic mode, Where an
the
is to be " .."inrm
to follow the method detailed
Australian Standards
1.8.1
Oor;u~)atJOni91
noise m6mafJel'nent
8000 Hz is to
tested, Automatic
8000 Hz, The
'"
lested that
are
to helllr a series of sounds
and instruct them to listen
and
by
the response button each time
one of these
no matter how
it is;
.. the
over the ears. with the red
over the
should be level with
ear
over the left The
entrance to the ear canal. and the headset should be secure;
" where one ear is known to be .";'-',nifir,,,n
commenced with the better ear.
ears,
with the
ear: and
the
" the audiometer win
Instructions must be followed, All
tested and recorded on the m",mr",'(""'"
c~vman form,
better than the other, the test is
difference between the
and the manufacturer's
500 to BODO Hz are to be
conservation
and Services are
are trained in audiometric
audiometric assessment is to take their HPD for examination
health that attendance,
Directors Genera! of Health Services are to ensure that. when
errIOI!JVE!eS are found to have a
to their most
threshold shift
recent reference
standard review
and actions are undertaken
and Service managers, Recommended
are as
as defined by
follows:
.. ensure that no transient condition exists that eQuid account for Ihe h .. '>rir,I'!
such as a cold, earache or recent noise exposure, If such a condltion
defer action and retest as soon as
after remission of the
"
it no condition exists,
the
within 24 hours or as soon as
after
hours in
conditions,
the results from
If the average loss from the reference
is 15 dB
or 500-8000
take no further
..
500-8000 Hz, a threshold shift of 15 dB or
advise the ",rrIrHf,V""" of the test results;
check the
noise exposure
take """"IrniF'lr,,,,t.. corrective
work area;
since the last
199 reissue of PPE, relocation to a
was
IF
Defence WHS Manllal
volume 2, pan 4, chapler 1
..
1.6.1
should 8ny of the medical referral criteria be met:
ADF ".,,,;,,""'1"1,,,1 are to be referred to a medical officer for review and advice;
(conlinood)
or
civilian emIOI(lVE!:es are to be referred to an au,diologlist for review and advice.
..
retest the ...Tlnt''''..... in six months.
referral criteria are,
The
..
a
~it'\njfir"'I't
threshold shift of 15 dB or more at any
500-8000
is 15 dB or more at any
wax or if there is a
or
.
thaI the tester considers
for medictill officerl review, The results of the
form,
or an
will be included on the
medical and termination aU(110(Jrams are to be annotated on Form PM 139 civilian document. UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED
Ot!!fence WHS Manual
volume 2. part <I, chapter 1
Section 9 - The t hree decibel rule
Three decibel
rule
1.9.1
The 3 dB rule provides a guide for the length of time personnel may be exposed to
steady state noise ha7arri!'; (assuming a normal recovery period below 75 dB each
day). In essence, for every 3 dB(A) increase in the sound level the exposu re time is
halved. This means thal a 3 dB(A) increase is a doubling of the sound Intensity. The
table below illustrates the 3 dB rule.
SPL dB(A)
Length of
Exposure
85
8 hours
88
4 hours
91
2 hours
94
1 hour
97
30 minutes
100
15 minutes
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED
Oefence WHS Manual
volume 2, part 4, c.~apter 1
Section 10 - Reference material
References
1.10.1
1. Occupational Health and Safety Act 1991
2. Occupational Health and Safety (Safety Standards) Regulations 1994
3. National Standard for Occupational NOise [NOHSC: 1007 (2000)]
4. Occupational Health and Safety Code of Practice 2008
5. AS 1319:1994 - Safety signs for the ocoupational environment
6. AS IEC 61672 1 :2004 - Electroacoustics - Sound level meters - Specifications
7. AS/NZS 1269:0:2005 - Occupational noise management - Overview and general
requirements
8. ASJNZS 1269.1 :2005 - Occupational noise management - Measurement and
assessment of noise mmission and exposure
9. AS/NZS 1269.2.2005 - Occupational noise management - Noise control
management
10. AS/NZS 1269.3:2005 - Occupational noise management - Hearing protector
program
11. AS/NZS 1269.4:2005 - Occupational noise managemen t - Auditory assessment
12. Safety signs
13. SAFETYMAN. volume 1, part 1. chapter 10 - Assurance of Defence
occupational health and safety
14. SAFETYMAN. volume 1. part 1. chapter 7 - Risk management in Defence
occupational health and safety
15. AC 563 - OHS incident reporting
16. Defence occupational noise officer (DONO) course
17. Noise awareness program
18. OHS awareness training (Defence online Campus)
19. OHS skills development training
20. SAFETYMAN. volume 1, part 1! chapter 1 - Defence occupational health and
safety policy framework
21. Form PM 139 - Hearing conservation report (Defence Web Form s System)
Related
material
National Code of Practice for NOise Management and Protection of Hearing at Work
[NOHSC : 2009 (2004))
1.10.2
Control Guide Management of Noise at Work (NOHSC: 2004 (1991 )]
AS 12591:1990 - Acoustics - Sound level meters - Non-integrating
Conlinue<lOl') nAJtI flags
Defence WHS Manual volume 2, !!'Irt 4, chapter 1 Related
material
1.10.2 (ool1linuen)