CHAPTER
7
The History of
American Education
DAVID MILLER SADKER
KAREN R. ZITTLEMAN
TEACHERS, SCHOOLS,
AND SOCIETY
TENTH EDITION
McGraw-Hill
© 2013 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.
Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Tenth Edition. © 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use.
Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
7.1
THE DEVELOPMENT OF AMERICA’S SCHOOLS
Charter Schools
(1991-Present)
Middle/High Schools
(1950s-Present)
Junior High Schools
(1909-Present)
High Schools
(1800s-Present)
Academies
(1700s-1800s)
English Grammar Schools
(1700s)
Latin Grammar Schools
(1600s-1700s)
Common Schools
(1830-Present)
Private Schools
(1700s-1800s)
Itinerant Schools
(1700s)
Tutors
(1600-1900)
Local Schools
(1600s-1800s)
Dame Schools
(1600)
7-2
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Tenth Edition. © 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use.
Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
7.2
EDUCATIONAL MILESTONES
Seventeenth Century
Informal family education, apprenticeships, dame schools, tutors
1635
Boston Latin Grammar School
1636
Harvard College
1647
Old Deluder Satan Law
1687-1890
New England Primer published
Eighteenth Century
Development of a national interest in education, state responsibility for
education, growth in secondary education
1740
South Carolina denies education to blacks
1751
Opening of the Franklin Academy in Philadelphia
1783
Noah Webster’s American Spelling Book
1785, 1787
Land Ordinance Act, Northwest Ordinance
7-3
SOURCE: Joel Spring, American Education, 15th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011).
Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Tenth Edition. © 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use.
Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
7.3
EDUCATIONAL MILESTONES (Continued)
Nineteenth Century
Increasing role of public secondary schools, increased but segregated
education for women and minorities, attention to the field of education
and teacher preparation
1821
Emma Willard’s Troy Female Seminary opens, first endowed
secondary school for girls
7-4
1821
1823
1827
1837
First public high school opens in Boston
First (private) normal school opens in Vermont
Massachusetts requires public high schools
Horace Mann becomes secretary of board of education in
Massachusetts
1839
1855
1862
1874
1896
First public normal school in Lexington, Massachusetts
First kindergarten (German language) in United States
Morrill Land Grant College Act
Kalamazoo case (legalizes taxes for high schools)
Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision supporting racially
separate but equal schools
SOURCE: Joel Spring, American Education, 15th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011).
Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Tenth Edition. © 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use.
Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
7.4
EDUCATIONAL MILESTONES (Continued)
Twentieth Century
Increasing federal support for educational rights of under-achieving
students; increased federal funding of specific (categorical) education
programs
1909
First junior high school in Berkeley, California
1919
Progressive education programs
1932
New Deal education programs
1944
G.I. Bill of Rights
1954
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Supreme Court decision
outlawing racial segregation in schools
1957
1958
Sputnik leads to increased federal education funds
National Defense Education Act funds science, math, and
foreign language programs
1964-1965
Job Corps and Head Start are funded
1972
Title IX prohibits sex discrimination in schools
(Continued)
7-5
SOURCE: Joel Spring, American Education, 15th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011).
Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Tenth Edition. © 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use.
Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
7.5
EDUCATIONAL MILESTONES (Continued)
Twentieth Century (continued)
1964-1965
Job Corps and Head Start are funded
1972
Title IX prohibits sex discrimination in schools
1975
Public Law 94-142, Education for All Handicapped Children Act
(renamed Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act, 1991) is passed 1979
Cabinet-level Department of Education is established
1990-present
Increased public school diversity and competition through
charter schools, for-profit companies, open enrollment, and technological
options. Promotion of educational goals, standards
and testing.
Twenty-First Century
Increasing focus on standards, testing, and accountability
2001
Passage of No Child Left Behind Act
2011-present
Federal government modifies NCLB, allowing states greater
freedom in evaluating students and teachers
7-6
SOURCE: Joel Spring, American Education, 15th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011).
Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Tenth Edition. © 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use.
Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
7.6
DIVERSITY AND EDUCATION
Student-Generated Responses
Group
Key Points
African Americans
Arab Americans
Asian/Pacific Americans
European Americans
Hispanics
Native Americans
Women and Girls
Other(s)
7-7
Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Tenth Edition. © 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use.
Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
7.7
THE GROWTH OF THE U.S. HIGH SCHOOL
Year
7-8
14 to 17 Year-Olds
in School
(Percentage of Total)
1890
6.7
1910
15.4
1930
51.4
1950
76.8
1970
92.7
1980
91.0
1990
94.0
2000
95.7
2010
95.9
Source: Projections of Education Statistics to 2010, U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement.
Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Tenth Edition. © 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use.
Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
7.8
JOHN DEWEY QUOTATION
To “learn from experience” is to make a
backward and forward connection between
what we do to things and what we enjoy or
suffer from things in consequence.
7-9
Source: Some Favorite Quotes from John Dewey, http://cuip.uchicago.edu/~cac/dewey.html.
Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Tenth Edition. © 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use.
Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
7.9
SELECTED FEDERAL LEGISLATION
1785, 1787
Land Ordinance and Northwest Ordinance
1862, 1890
Morrill Land Grant College Acts
1917
Smith-Hughes Act
1944
Servicemen’s Readjustment Act (G.I. Bill of Rights)
1958
National Defense Education Act (NDEA)
1964-1965
Project Head Start
1965
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
1968
Bilingual Education Act
1972
Title IX of the Education Amendments
1975, 1991,
1997, 2004
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
2001
No Child Left Behind Act
7-10
Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Tenth Edition. © 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use.
Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
7.10 U.S. HISPANIC SUBGROUPS
7-11
Figure 7.1
SOURCE: Hispanic Americans by the Numbers, U.S. Census Bureau, 2011.
Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Tenth Edition. © 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use.
Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
7.11 ARAB AMERICANS BY ANCESTRY
7-12
Figure 7.2
SOURCE: Arab American Institute, “Demographics” 2011, www.aaiusa.org.
Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Tenth Edition. © 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use.
Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.