Phsc&101
PHSC 101 LAB: Temperature and Heat
Purpose
The purpose of this lab is to explore the difference between temperature and
heat.
Equipment
ruler, graduated cylinder, insulated cup, thermometer, heating coil, pennies
Part 1
Celsius and Fahrenheit Scales
Freezing Line
°F
°C
On the figure above draw a vertical line 18.0 cm to the right of the freezing line.
This will be the boiling line.
On the top scale (Fahrenheit scale) label the freezing line with a 32 and the
boiling line with a 212. From the freezing line to the boiling line put a mark
every 1.00 cm to break up the scale into 18 intervals, corresponding to 32, 42,
52, 62... 212°F. Label these marks appropriately.
On the bottom scale (Celsius scale) label the freezing line with a 0 and the
boiling line with a 100. From the freezing line to the boiling line put a mark
every 1.80 cm to break up the scale into 10 intervals, corresponding to 0, 10, 20,
30… 100°C. Label these marks appropriately.
Answer the following questions using the sketch above.
70 °F = __________ °C
37 °C = __________ °F
90 °F = __________ °C
Clark College Physics Dept
–1–
Phsc&101
PHSC 101 LAB: Temperature and Heat
Part 2
Difference Between Temperature and Heat
When heat energy is added to a substance like water the temperature of the
substance increases. The heat energy delivered by a heater of a certain power
output is given by,
Heat Energy = (Power) (time)
Where Heat has units of Joules, Power has units of Watts (Joules/sec) and time
has units of seconds.
Exp #1.
1.
Pour 100 ml (100 g) of water into an insulated cup. Place the heating coil in the
water, stir the water around with the thermometer, and record the initial
temperature of the water. Do Not plug the heater in yet.
Ti = ________________°C
2.
Plug the heater in for 60 seconds, stirring all the time. After 60 seconds, unplug
the heater. Keep stirring for another 10 or 15 seconds so the water is completely
mixed and then record the final temperature of the water.
Tf = ________________ °C
3.
What was the temperature change of the water? (Tf-Ti)
Temperature change = _________________°C
Prediction.
If you had twice as much water what would you expect for the temperature
change of the water for 60 seconds of heating?
Clark College Physics Dept
–2–
Phsc&101
PHSC 101 LAB: Temperature and Heat
Exp #2
Using 200 ml (200 g since water has a density of 1.0 g/ml) of water Repeat Exp
#1.
Ti = _________________°C
Tf = _________________°C
Temperature change = _________________°C
Did your measurement agree with your prediction? Explain any differences.
Question
Comparing Exp. #1 and Exp #2, in which experiment did the heater provide the
most heat, #1, #2 or same for both?
In which experiment was the temperature rise the largest, #1, #2, or same for
both?
Prediction
If you had twice as much water as in Exp #1 (i.e. 200 ml) what would you expect
for the temperature change of the water for 120 seconds of heating?
Clark College Physics Dept
–3–
Phsc&101
PHSC 101 LAB: Temperature and Heat
Exp #3
Using 200 ml (200 g) of water repeat Exp #1 except run the heater 120 sec.
Ti = _________________°C
Tf = _________________°C
Temperature change = _________________°C
Did your measurement agree with your prediction? Explain any differences.
Question
1.
Comparing Exp. #1 & Exp #3, in which experiment did the heater provide the
most heat, #1 or #3, or same for both?
2.
In which experiment was the temperature rise the largest, #1 or #3, or same for
both?
3.
In your own words, explain the difference between heat energy and temperature.
What determines the amount of heat added to a material?
What determines its temperature increase?
Clark College Physics Dept
–4–
Phsc&101
PHSC 101 LAB: Temperature and Heat
Prediction
If you had 100 g of water and 100 g of pennies in the cup what would you expect
for the temperature change of the water and penny mixture for 120 seconds of
heating? That is would you expect the 200 g water penny mixture to have a
similar, smaller, or larger temperature rise than you had for experiment #3 (200 g
of pure water heated for 120 seconds).
Exp #4
Test your Prediction. Place 100 g of water and 100 g of pennies in a cup. Place
the heating coil in the water and penny mixture and heat for 120 seconds.
Ti = _________________°C
Tf = _________________°C
Temperature change = _________________°C
Did your measurement agree with your prediction? Explain any differences.
Question
1.
Comparing Exp. #4 & Exp #3, in which experiment did the heater provide the
most heat, #4 or #3, or same for both?
2.
In which experiment was the temperature rise the largest, #4 or #3, or same for
both?
3.
Analyzing Exp. #4 & Exp #3, which requires more heat energy for a given
temperature rise, 100 g of pennies or 100 g of water? That is if you wanted to
heat each up by 50 °C, which would require the most energy, 100 g of pennies or
100 g of water?
Clark College Physics Dept
–5–
Phsc&101
PHSC 101 LAB: Temperature and Heat
Questions
1.
The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat energy needed to
raise 1.0 g of that substance by 1.0 °C. In equation form the specific heat
capacity c is given by
c
Heat
mass  Temp
Thus substances with a large specific heat capacity take a large amount of heat energy
for each 1°C temperature increase. Alternately, substances with a relatively large
specific heat capacity will undergo a relatively small temperature increase for each
Joule of heat energy added.
Which has the largest specific heat, copper or water? Explain.
2.
100 g of water at 100 °C is mixed with 100 g of water at 20 °C. What is the final
temperature of the mixture?
3.
100 g of pennies at 100 °C is mixed with 100 g of water at 20 °C. What is the
final temperature of the mixture?
a. less than 60 °C
b. at or about 60°C
c. more than 60 °C
4.
Land is somewhat like pennies as far as its specific heat is concerned. Why is the
mean annual temperature range (Mean summer temp. - Mean winter temp.)
smaller in the Southern hemisphere than in the northern hemisphere?
5.
Explain why the annual temperature range in Vancouver BC is 16 °C while in
Winnipeg Manitoba the annual range is 38 °C. (See globe.)
Clark College Physics Dept
–6–