Microscopes
Joy Aun and Zarif Choudhury
Ms.Carlisle HSMSE DDP 2/5/15
Table of Contents
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
What are simple machines?
What are microscopes?
Microscopes Over Time
Types of Microscopes
Parts of a Microscope
How do Optical Microscopes work?
How do Electron Microscopes work?
Conclusion
BIbliography
I. What are simple machines?
- Google defines a simple
machine as “any of the
basic mechanical devices
for applying a force.”
- Some examples include
levers, a wheel and axle,
inclined plane, or wedge.
II. What are microscopes?
- Microscopes are optical instruments
that allow people to view objects in
higher magnifications.
- Some uses for microscopes include
looking at different types of cells.
III. Microscopes Over Time
Salvino D'Armate
made the first eye
glass which allowed
someone to have
magnification in one
eye.
1300
1590
Anton van
Leeuwenhoek, a
Dutch scientist
created the first
‘real’ microscope.
The first compound
microscope was
created in the
Netherlands by
Zacharias Jansen
and his father Hans.
1700
1931
Ernst Ruska created
the transmission
electron microscope
which was
considered the first
electron microscope.
Max Knoll
developed the
scanning
electron
microscope
1934
1981
The first scanning
tunneling
microscope was
created by Gerd
Binnig and
Heinrich Rohrer
There has been a
large rise on
fluorescence &
structured
illumination.
21st
Century
IV. Types of Microscopes
1. Compound: 2D images, light
illuminated, high magnification low
resolution
2. Dissection/Stereoscope: 3D image,
light illuminated, low magnification
3. Scanning Electron: 3D image, high
magnification + high resolution,
electrons bounces of specimen to
provide the image
4. Transition Electron: 2D image, high
magnification, high resolution
V. Parts of a Microscope
1. Eye Piece
2. Tube: Connects eyepiece to objective lenses
3. Illuminator/ Mirror: Light source for the
microscope
4. Stage: The sample is put here
5. Revolving Nosepiece: Used to adjust your power
6. Objective Lenses: lenses that magnify the
sample; usually has 4x, 10x, 40x, and 100x
power
7. Condenser Lens: Focuses light on the sample
8. Diaphragm/Iris: Adjusts the intensity of the
light to the sample
VI. How do optical microscopes work?
- The optical microscope is also known
as the light microscope because it uses
a light source and a condenser.
1. The microscope must gather light from
an area of the illuminated specimen,
using a small and spherical objective
lens.
2. Then, an image of the object is
magnified by a second lens, the ocular
lens, also known as the eye piece.
VII. How do electron microscopes work?
1. A high voltage stream of electrons is
formed from its source
2. This high voltage stream is accelerated
in a vacuum toward the sample
3. The stream is confined and focused
using metal apertures and magnetic
lenses
4. There are interactions between the
electron stream and the sample is
recorded and transferred into an image.
VIII. Conclusion
- Microscopes allow us to look at the tiny things that we aren’t able
to see with our naked eye.
- Different types of microscopes have different functions that can
give you high quality images or low quality images with different
magnifications
- The development of the microscope has allowed us to develop
many of the branches of science especially biology and studies
on life.
IX. Bibliography
Freudenrich, Ph.D. "How Light Microscopes Work: The Basics." HowStuffWorks.
HowStuffWorks.com. Web. 7 Feb. 2015.
<http://science.howstuffworks.com/light-microscope1.htm>.
"History of Optical Light Microscopes." History of the Microscope. 1 Jan. 2010. Web. 4 Feb. 2015.
<www.history-of-the-microscope.org>.
Macaulay, David, and Neil Ardley. The New Way Things Work. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998. Print.
"The Microscope ." The Parts of a Microscope. Web. 6 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.microscope-microscope.org/basic/microscope-parts.htm>.
"Types of Microscopes." Types of Microscopes. Web. 6 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.cas.miamioh.edu/mbiws/microscopes/types.html>.
“What Is an Electron Microscope (EM) and How Does It Work?” Web. 6 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.va.gov/DIAGNOSTICEM/What_Is_Electron_Microscopy_and_How_Does_It_Work
.asp>