Jossey-Bass Quarterly Sourcebooks Manuscript Manual for Authors Contributor: Series: New Directions for Community Colleges Issue title: Issue #: Assigned chapter topic: Chapter length (no more than 250 words/page): DUE DATES: Chapter outline to issue editor: Draft chapter to issue editor: Final electronic files of chapter manuscript (and related tables, exhibits and figures), Manuscript Checklist, and signed Copyright Transfer Agreement to issue editor: Jossey-Bass, A Wiley Brand One Montgomery Street, Suite 1200 San Francisco, CA, 94104-4594 New Directions for Community Colleges THANK YOU for your contribution to this quarterly sourcebook. Your chapter will help to advance the field and will serve as a resource for other practitioners. 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If using by permission, indicate so. Each table, figure, or exhibit is referred to in text by number References Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association followed throughout All citations are listed in references All references are cited in text Each reference entry includes complete bibliographic information Manuscript Manual for Authors 9 This chapter describes a comprehensive model for the evaluation of science education programs that was developed from existing models. Observations are also provided regarding the role of evaluation models in the reform of science education. Headnote Program Evaluation in Science Education: Chapter title The Model Perspective First-Level Heading James W. Altschuld, David Kumar National concern has been rising for more than a decade regarding what is taught in American schools and the quality of learning and instruction. A Nation at Risk (National Commission on Excellence in Science Education, 1983), the reports of the Holmes Group (1986) and the National Education Goals Panel (1992), reform movements in states, the utilization of alternative assessment strategies to measure educational progress, and other similar initiatives clearly demonstrate this concern. Science educators also have been involved in the conceptualization and implementation of reform, for example, the ScienceTechnology-Society (STS) movement, Project 2061 (Rutherford & Ahlgren, Recent Advances in Retreat 1 0 1990), and the establishment of a national agenda for research in science education (Kyle, 1993). The need for systematic approaches or models for the evaluto these discussion groups; they vote with their feet and go to the one ation of change is concomitant with new directions in education, and science that they are most interested in. These single topics sessions often result education in particular. in recommendations or conclusions (or both) that are shared later. This chapter analyzes the literature regarding evaluation models speOther Large Group Activities. Other activities for the entire group cifically focused on science education, proposes a new comprehensive model vary substantially by director, perceived needs of the group, and length for such evaluation, comments briefly on evaluation of reform efforts in sciof the session and may include the following. ence education, and presents conclusions related to the value of evaluation Nonastounding Teaching Devices. These devices are often called tips models. and tricks. These allow participants to share other effective teaching techniques or systems for dealing with the “administrivia” of faculty life. Analysis of the Literature Important Teachers. This is an opportunity for each participant to describe the characteristics of a former teacher who had an effect on Seeking literature related to the conceptualization and design of evaluations for their lives. science education programs and projects is a complex undertaking. The authors’ Advice to a New Teacher. Sharing what you would tell a new colleague often, of course, identifies good advice for experienced teachers as well. Books Revisited. This is an opportunity for folks to read an important paragraph or a sentence that provides the essence of their book. Commencement. The endings of the seminars are called commencements, and the final sessions typically include the following elements. Presentations. These include presentations from the groups completing the search for the great teacher; discussions of follow-up implementation activities that will be done back on campus; and acknowledgments of all the people, particularly the staff, who have contributed so much to the seminar. Benedictions. This activity allows all participants to have an opportunity to help bring closure to the seminar though a brief w rap-up statement. Certificates. Diplomas are often presented, sometimes accompanied by gentle group humming of “Pomp and Circumstance”! Evaluations. Evaluation forms are often completed to provide feedback in this age of accountability and continuous improvement. Second-Level Heading Third-Level Heading Evolutions For the first fifteen years, the GTS model was used only for teaching celebrations. After all, they were called “Great Teaching Seminars,” and 10 Manuscript Manual for Authors jossey-bass journals permission request form I am preparing an article for publication in a forthcoming issue of published by Jossey-Bass, a Publishing Unit of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. , which is I request your permission to include the following material in this and all subsequent editions of the above-referenced periodical, in all media of expression now known or later developed in all foreign language translations and other derivative works published or prepared by Jossey-Bass or its licensees, for distribution throughout the world, and also in versions made by nonprofit organizations for use by blind or physically handicapped persons. Appropriate credit will be given as provided below. Author(s) and/or editor(s) Title of book or periodical Title of selection From page To page Figure # Copyright date , line , line on page , beginning with the words , ending with the words Table # on page (If necessary attach continuation sheet) Please indicate your agreement by signing and returning the enclosed copy of this letter to me. In signing, you warrant that you are the sole owner of the rights granted and that your material does not infringe upon the copyright or other rights of anyone. If you do not control these rights, I would appreciate your letting me know to whom I should apply. Thank you Name Requestor’s Return Address agreed and accepted: Signature Title Date Credit and/or copyright notice Manuscript Manual for Authors 11 Sample References Use the following format for preparing double-spaced references. Please refer to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Sixth Edition if you have questions on references or other stylistic matters that are not covered here. Book (1 author) Pollan, M. (2006). The omnivore’s dilemma: A natural history of four meals. New York, NY: Penguin. Book (2 or more authors) Ward, G. C., & Burns, K. (2007). The war: An intimate history, 1941–1945. New York, NY: Knopf. Edited book Greenberg, J. (Ed.). (2008). Of prairie, woods, and water: Two centuries of Chicago nature writing. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Chapter in an edited book Gould, G. (1984). Streisand as Schwarzkopf. In T. Page (Ed.), The Glenn Gould reader (pp. 308–311). New York, NY: Vintage. Journal article (journal paginated by volume) Miller, M. T., & Pope, M. L. (2003). Faculty senate leadership as a presidential pathway: Clear passage or caught in a maze? Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 27, 119 –129. Journal article (journal paginated by issue) Blair, W. (1977). Americanized comic braggarts. Critical Inquiry, 4(2), 331–349. Publication with an ERIC ED number Carter, D. J., & Wilson. R. (1993). Eleventh annual report on the status of minorities in higher education. Washington, D.C.: Office of Minority Concerns. Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED363250) Newspaper article Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic, social status. The Washington Post, pp. A1, A4. 12 Manuscript Manual for Authors Carey, B. (2008, September 4). For the brain, remembering is like reliving. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/05/ science/05brain.html Online Periodical Morasse, S., Guderley, H., & Dodson, J. J. (2008). Paternal reproductive strategy influences metabolic capacities and muscle development of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) embryos. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 81(4), 402–413. doi:10.1086/589012 Online document Evanston Public Library Board of Trustees. (2008). Evanston Public Library strategic plan, 2000–2010: a decade of outreach. Retrieved from http://www.epl.org/library/ strategic-plan-00.html Jossey-Bass quarterly sourcebook (entire volume) Hofmann, E., & Voloch, D. (Eds.). (2012). New Directions for Higher Education: No. 158. Dual enrollment: Strategies, outcomes, and lessons for school–college partnerships. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Chapter in a Jossey-Bass quarterly sourcebook Kinnick, K. N. (2012). The Impact of Dual Enrollment on the Institution. In E. Hofmann & D. Voloch (Eds.), New Directions for Higher Education: No. 158. Dual enrollment: Strategies, outcomes, and lessons for school–college partnerships (pp. 39–47). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Unauthored article In Texas, ad heats up race for governor. (2002, July 30). The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com Unpublished paper Teplin, L. A., McClelland, G. M., Abram, K. M., & Washburn, J. J. (2005, March). Early violent death in delinquent youth: A prospective longitudinal study. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychology-Law Society, La Jolla, CA. Unpublished dissertation Choi, M. (2008). Contesting imaginaires in death rituals during the Northern Song Dynasty (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (AAT 3300426) Healey, D. (2005). Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and creativity: An investigation into their relationship (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. Manuscript Manual for Authors 13 PROGRAM EVALUATION IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: THE MODEL PERSPECTIVE 19 by byincluding includingaalarger, larger,more morerepresentative representativesample sampleofofstudents studentsand andbybyusing using comparison comparisongroups groupsininthe thethird thirdphase. phase.They Theyalso alsostudied studieddifficulties difficultiesininmodmodule uleimplementation, implementation,appropriate appropriatecontexts contextsfor foruse, use,and andways waysininwhich whichtotobest best categorize categorizethe theinstructional instructionalmodules modulesbased basedon onstudent studentcharacteristics. characteristics.The The above evaluation activities took place under conditions of rigorous control, above evaluation activities took place under conditions of rigorous control, with withthe theclasses classesofofparticipating participatingteachers teachersbeing beingsupervised supervisedclosely closelybybylocal local project projectstaff. staff.(Small, (Small,asasnoted, noted,did didnot notutilize utilizea athird thirdphase.) phase.) While Whilethe themicro-developmental micro-developmental(formative) (formative)level levelofofevaluation evaluationwas was prominent (1978), and and Small Small (1988), (1988), it prominentininPines Pines (1980), (1980), Mayer Mayer and and Stoever Stoever (1978), itwasn’t wasn’tsolely solely confined confined to to those those authors. authors. Welch Welchimplied impliedsome someofofthe thesame same processes s Standards processesininhis his1974 1974article. article.Virginia’ Virginia’s StandardsofofLearning-Science Learning-Science(SOL(SOLScience) Science)(Exline, (Exline,1985) 1985)and andthe theEvaluation Evaluationofofa aChild-Structured Child-StructuredCurriculum Curriculum (Espejo, 1975) (Espejo,Good, Good, & andWestmeyer, Westmeyer, 1975)have havesimilar similardevelopmental developmentalcompocomponents. s description nents.For Forexample, example,Exline’ Exline’s descriptionofofa amodel model(classified (classifiedlater laterasasbeing being atatthe themacro macrolevel) level)contained contained“program “programcontent contentconcepts conceptsfor foreach eachofofthe theeleelementary mentarygrade gradelevels levelsand anddifferent differentscience sciencecourses coursesininthe themiddle middleand andhigh high schools” 1) and schools”(p. (p.1) andideas ideasregarding regardinghow howscience scienceshould shouldbebetaught taughtand andlearned. learned. His Hismain mainemphasis, emphasis,however, however,was wasmore morecongruent congruentwith withthe themacro-system macro-system level levelofofevaluation. evaluation.The Thewriting writingofofEspejo, Espejo,Good, Good,and andWestmeyer Westmeyer(1975) (1975)isis related relatedbut buthad hadaadifferent differentconceptual conceptualbase. base.ItItessentially essentiallyemployed employedtheories theories ofofintellectual intellectualdevelopment developmenttotoguide guidethe thegeneration generationofofevaluation evaluationinstruments instruments for formonitoring monitoringand andassessing assessingthe theintellectual intellectualprogress progressofofchildren. children. Evaluation Macro-System (Contextual) (Contextual)Level. Level.The ThemacromacroEvaluationofof the the Macro-System system systemlevel levelofofevaluation evaluationisisprominent prominentininExline Exline(1985), (1985),Exline Exlineand andTonelTonel11 METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES son son(1987), (1987),and andsomewhat somewhatemphasized emphasizedininthe thewriting writingofofWelch Welch(1974) (1974)and and the and Severs Severs (1986). (1986). At Atthe themacro-system macro-systemlevel, level,Exline Extheideas ideasof of Shell, Shell, Horn, Horn, and Blair, W. (1977). Americanized comic braggarts.line Critical Inquiry, 4(2),a331–349. (1985) described comprehensive evaluationapproach approachbegun beguninin1978 1978in (1985) described a comprehensive evaluation Sue, S., and Abe, J. Predictors of Academic Achievement Among Asian American inVirginia Virginia improve the effectiveness of Carey, (2008, September 4). York: For theCollege brain, remembering like reliving. The totois improve the effectiveness of science science education educationprograms. programs.The The and B. White Students. New Entrance Examination Board, approach New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/05/ approachyielded yieldedthirteen thirteen Standards Standardsofof Learning-Science Learning-Science(SOL-Science), (SOL-Science), 1988. science/05brain.html which were overall coupled which were overallgoals goals coupledwith withcontent contentconcepts conceptsfor forthe theelementary elementary Suzuki, B. H. “Education and the Socialization of Asian Americans: A Revigrades and for science courses Choi, M. (2008). imaginaires death rituals during the Northern grades and forJournal, science coursesatatupper upperlevels. levels.InInconjunction conjunctionwith withthe thegoals goals Amerasia 1977, sionist AnalysisContesting of the ‘Model Minority’inThesis.” and associated content, the Dynasty (Doctoral dissertation). Available ProQuest Dissertations andfrom associated content, theprogram programconsidered consideredhow howscience sciencewas wastaught taughtand and 4,Song 21–51. learned. With comprehensive and B.H. Theses database. (AAT 3300426) learned. Withits itsChanging comprehensivescope, scope,accompanying accompanyingmaterials, materials,and andthe the Suzuki, “Asian Americans in Higher Education: Impact of changes ititrepresented for science represented forGould scienceeducation educationininVirginia, Virginia,SOL-Science SOL-SciencerecogrecogDemographics Other Social Forces.” Paper at The a Ford FounGould, G. (1984).and Streisand as Schwarzkopf. In changes T.presented Page (Ed.), Glenn nized that “buy nized thataaprolonged prolonged “buyin” in”period periodfor foradministrators, administrators,teachers, teachers,parents, parents, readerNational (pp. 308–311). New York, Vintage. dation Symposium on theNY: Changing Demographics of Higher Citations Education, New York, Apr. 1988. woods, and water: Two centuries of ChiGreenberg, J. (Ed.). (2008). Of8,prairie, Tienda, “Market Characteristics andUniversity Hispanic of Earnings: Comparison of cagoM.nature writing. Chicago, IL: ChicagoAPress. Natives and Immigrants.” Social Problems, 1983, 31 (1), 59–72. Kinnick, K. N. (2012). The Impact of Dual Enrollment on the Institution. In E. Tsang, S., and Wing, L. C. “Beyond Angel Island: The Education of Asian Hofmann & D. Voloch (Eds.), New Directions for Higher Education: No. Americans.” ERIC/CUE Strategies, Urban Diversity Series, 1985, 90,for 45.school–college 158. Dual enrollment: outcomes, and lessons U.S. partnerships Bureau of the(pp. Census. We,San the Francisco, Asian and Pacific Islander Americans. Wash39–47). CA: Jossey-Bass. ington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1988a. Pollan, M. (2006). The omnivore’ s dilemma: A naturalAsian history four meals. U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1980 Census Population: andofPacific Islander New York, NY: Penguin. Population in the United States. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government PrintSchwartz, J. (1993, ing Office, 1988b.September 30). Obesity affects economic, social status. The Post, pp. A1, A4. `90 Basics. Washington, D.C.: U.S. GovU.S. Washington Bureau of the Census. Census ernment Printing Office,G.1990a. Teplin, L. A., McClelland, M., Abram, K. M., & Washburn, J. J. (2005, U.S. March). Bureau ofEarly the Census. 1990 in Census Questionnaire. D.C.: U.S. violent death delinquent youth: A Washington, prospective longitudinal study. Printing Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychology-Law Government Office, 1990b. Society, Jolla, CA. W. F. “Cost Containment: Committing to a New Zemsky, R., La and Massy, Economic Reality.” Change, 1990, 22 (6), 16–22. References Author Identification MARSHA J. HIRANO-NAKANISHI is director of the division of analytic studies in the system office of the California State University. 14 Manuscript Manual for Authors MANUSCRIPT MANUAL FOR AUTHORS 11
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