:E
WHATTHE FACE REVEALS
rl Relationships. and Health
,I D. Ryff and
esses in Emotion: Theory,
Irr:h
5 R.
Scherer, Angela Schorr.
tone
tion: Theory and Research
[ N. JusJin and
Basic and Applied Studies of
Spontaneous Expression Using the
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Second Edition
i
rvior in Clinical Settings
:Philippot. Robert S.
rik J. Coats
lOtion
I Reisberg and
ratitude
:A. Emmons and
~Jlough
eeling: Contemporary
f:motions
Edited by
Paul Ekman &
Erika L. Rosenberg
C. Solomon
: Intelligent Action
ons? The Brain
i1fC
FeJlous and
'eals: Basic and Applied
eous Expression Using the
ing System (FACS). Second
nan and
OXFORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS
2005
Contents
Foreword
v
M. BREWSTER SMITH
Contributors
XIX
Introduction: The Study of Spontaneous Facial Expressions
in Psychology
3
ERIKA L. ROSEN BERG
Part One
Basic Research on Emotion
Is the Startle Reaction an Emotion?
19
21
PAUL EKMAN, WALLACE V. FRIESEN, RONALD C. SIMONS
AftelWord: The Startle and Emotion
36
PAUL EKMAN
AftelWord: FACS in the Study of the Latah Syndrome
38
RONALD C. SIMONS
2 The Asymmetry of Facial Actions Is Inconsistent with Models of
Hemispheric Specialization
40
JOSEPH C. HAGER, PAUL EKMAN
AftelWord: Asymmetry in Facial Muscular Actions
58
JOSEPH C. HAGER
3 Coherence Between Expressive and Experiential Systems in
Emotion
63
ERIKA L. ROSEN BERG, PAUL EKMAN
AftelWord: Emotions as Unified Responses
86
ERIKA L. ROSEN BERG
4 Will the Real Relationship Between Facial Expression and Affective
Experience Please Stand Up: The Case of Exhilaration
WILLIBALD RUCH
Afte1word: The FACS in Humor Research
WILLIBALD RUCH
5 Extraversion, A1cohol, and Enjoyment
WILLIBALD RUCH
112
109
89
xiv
Contents
Afterword: Laughter and Temperament
131
WILLIBALD RUCH
6
Signs of Appeasement: Evidence for the Distinct Displays of
Embarrassment, Amusement, and Shame
133
DACHER KELTNER
Afterword: The Forms and Functions of Embarrassment
158
DACHER KELTNER
7
Genuine, Supprcssed, and Faked Facial Behavior During Exacerbation
161
ofChronic Low Back Pain
KENNETH D. CRAIG, SUSAN A. HYDE, CHRISTOPHER J. PATRICK
Afterword: On Knowing Another's Pain
178
KENNETH D. CRAIG
8
The Consistency of Facial Expressions of Pain: A Comparison
181
Across Modalities
KENNETH M. PRKACHIN
Afterword: The Consistency of Facial Expressions of Pain
198
KENNETH M. PRKACHIN
9
Smiles When Lying
201
PAUL EKMAN, WALLACE V. FRIESEN, MAUREEN O'SULLIVAN
Afterword: Smiles When Lying
215
PAUL EKMAN
10 Behavioral Markers and Recognizability of the Smile of
Enjoyment
217
MARK G. FRANK, PAUL EKMAN, WALLACE V. FRIESEN
Afterword: Some Thoughts on FACS, Dynamic Markers of
Emotion, and Baseball
239
MARK G. FRANK
I I Components and Recognition of Facial Expression in the
Communication ofEmotion by Actors
243
PIERRE GOSSELIN, GILLES KIROUAC, FRANc;OIS Y. DORE
Afterword: Components and Recognition of Facial Expression in
the Communication of Emotion by Actors
268
PIERRE GOSSELIN, GILLES KIROUAC
12 Differentiating Emotion Elicited and Deliberate Emotional Facial
271
Expressions
lJRSULA HESS, ROBERT E. KLECK
Afterword: Objective Differences versus Observers'
Ratings
287
URSULA HESS
13 Japanese and American Infants' Responses to Arm
Restraint
289
LINDA A. CAMRAS, HARRlET OSTER, JOSEPH J. CAMPOS, KAZUO MIYAKE,
DONNA BRADSHAW
Contents
ent
131
Afterword: The Cross-Cultural Study of Infant Faeial
Expressions
300
LINDA A. CAMRAS
Distinet Displays of
oe
133
~
of Embarrassment
)0/
14
] 58
Differential Faeial Responses to Four Basic Tastes in
Newboms
302
DIANA ROSENSTEIN, HARRIET OSTER
Afterword: Faeial Expression as a Window on Sensory Experienee
and Affeet in Newborn Infants
320
:ehavior During Exaeerbation
HARRIET OSTER
STOPHER J. PATRICK
)ain
15
178
All Smiles Are Positive, but Some Smiles Are More Positive
Than Others
328
DANIEL MESSINGER, ALAN FOGEL, K. LAlJRIE DICKSON
,Pain: A Comparison
llExpressions of Pain
Afterword: A Measure ofEarly Joy?
DANIEL s. MESSINGER
]98
16
350
Signal Charaeteristies of Spontaneous Faeial Expressions: Automatie
Movement in Solitary and Soeial Smiles
354
KAREN L. SCHMIDT, JEFFREY F. COHN, YINGLI TIAN
:EEN O'SULLIVAN
215
17
Automated Face Analysis by Feature Point Traeking Has High
Coneurrent Validity With Manual FACS Coding
371
JEFFREY F. COHN, ADENA J. ZLOCHOWER, JAMES LIEN, TAKEO
)f the Smile of
v.
KANADE
Afterword: Automated Analysis of the Configuration and Timing
of Faeial Expression
388
FRIESEN
., Dynamie Markers of
JEFFREY F. COHN
18
tpression in the
243
Toward Automatie Reeognition of Spontaneous Faeial
Aetions
393
MARIAN STEWART BARTLETT, JAVIER R. MOVELLAN, GWEN
LITTLEWORT, BJONR BRAATHEN, MARK G. FRANK, TERRENCE J.
OIS Y. DORE
SEJNOWSKI
ition of Faeial Expression in
by Aetors
268
Afterword: The Next Generation of Automatie Faeial Expression
Measurement
4] 3
JAVIER R. MOVELLAN, MARI AN STEWART BARTLETT
lerate Emotional Faeial
us Observers.
~
Part Two
19
Applied Research
427
Faeial Expression in Affeetive Disorders
429
PAlJL EKMAN, DAVID MATSlJMOTO, WALLACE V. FRIESEN
Afterword: Depression and Expression
440
PAUL EKMAN
toArm
20
J. CAMPOS, KAZlJO MIYAKE,
Emotional Experienee and Expression in Sehizophrenia
and Depression
44]
HOWARD BERENBAlJM, THOMAS F. OLTMANNS
xvi
Contents
Afterword: Emotion, Facial Expression, and
Psychopathology
456
HOWARD BERENBAUM, LAURA NISENSON
21
Interaction Regulations Used by Schizophrenie and Psych"somatic
459
Patients: Studies on Facial Behavior in Dyadie Interactions
EVELYNE STEIMER-KRAUSE, RAINER KRAUSE, GÜNTER WAGNER
Afterword: Interaction Regulations Used by Schizophrenie and
Psychosomatic Patients
479
RAINER KRAUSE
22
Nonverbal Expression of Psychologieal States in
Psychiatrie Patients
484
HEINER ELLGRING
Afterword: Nonverbal Expression of Psychological States in
Psychiatrie Patients
493
HEINER ELLGRING
23
Depression and Suicide Faces
496
MICHAEL HELLER, VERONIQUE HAYNAL
Afterword: Perspectives for Studies of Psychopathology and
Psychotherapy
506
MICHAEL HELLER, VERONIQUE HAYNAL
24
Protypieal Affective Microsequences in Psychotherapeutic
In teraction
512
EVA BÄNNINGER-HUBER
Afterword: From PAMS to TRAPS: Investigating Guilt Feelings
with FACS
529
EVA BÄNNINGER-HUBER
25
Facial Expressions of Emotion and Psychopathology in Adolescent
Boys
532
DACHER KELTNER, TERRIE E. MOFFITT, MAGDA STOUTHAMER-LOEBER
Afterword: Facial Expression, Personality, and
Psychopathology
548
DACHER KELTNER
26
Type A Behavior Pattern: Facial Behavior and Speech
Components
551
MARGARET A. CHESNEY, PAUL EKMAN, WALLACE V. FRIESEN,
GEORGE W. BLACK, MICHAEL H. L. HECKER
Afterword: Type A and Facial Behavior
565
PAUL EKMAN, ERIKA L. ROSEN BERG, MARGARET CHESNEY
27
Linkages Between Facial Expressions of Anger and Transient
Myocardial Ischemia in Men with Coronary Artery Disease
ERIKA L. ROSENBERG, PAUL EKMAN, WEI HANG, MICHAEL BABYAK,
R. EDWARD COLEMAN, MICHAEL HANSON, CHRISTOPHER O'CONNOR,
ROBERT WAUGH, JAMES A. BLUMENTHAL
567
Contents
,ion, and
Afterword: Facial Expression and Emotion in the Study
of Heart Disease
580
>ENSON
ERIKA L. ROSEN BERG
Ihrenie and Psych~somatic
Dyadic Interactions
459
1
28
Effects of Smoking Opportunity on Cue-Elicited Urge: A Facial
Coding Analysis
583
JSE, GÜNTER WAGNER
MICHAEL A. SAYETTE, JOAN M. WERTZ, CHRISTOPHER S. MARTIN,
Used by Schizophrenie and
JEFFREV F. COHN, MICHAEL A PERROTT, JILL HOBEL
79
Afterword: Using FACS to Identify Contextual Factors
603
Influencing Craving
MICHAEL SAYETTE
States in
Conclusion: What We Have Learned by Measuring Facial Behavior: Further
Comments and Clarifications
605
,fPsychological States in
PAUL EKMAN
Index
:of Psychopathology and
O\YNAL
Psychotherapeutic
. Investigating Guilt Feelings
hopathology in Adolescent
o\GDA STOUTHAMER-LOEBER
mality, and
,r and Speech
~LLACE
V. FRIESEN,
R
rior
xvii
565
G, MARGARET CHESNEY
Anger and Transient
onary Artery Disease
IIANG, MICHAEL BABYAK,
CHRISTOPHER O'CONNOR,
567
627