M PL E Including CD-ROM for whiteboard use or printing MASTERING THE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM SA YEAR 6 Written by Laura Sumner M PL E MASTERING THE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM SA YEAR 6 Written by Laura Sumner M PL E Acknowledgements: Author: Laura Sumner Cover and Page Design: Jerry Fowler Illustration: Kathryn Webster The right of Laura Sumner to be identified as the author of this publication has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1998. SA HeadStart Primary Ltd Elker Lane Clitheroe BB7 9HZ T. 01200 423405 E. [email protected] www.headstartprimary.com All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Published by HeadStart Primary Ltd 2016 © HeadStart Primary Ltd 2016 A record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 978-1-908767-56-1 M PL E MASTERING THE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM Teachers’ Notes – Year 6 RATIONALE Background This book has been written taking into account the principles outlined in the current Mathematics curriculum. It focuses on a mastery approach to teaching mathematics, as outlined by NCETM’s director, Charlie Stripp, in the short paper entitled ‘Mastery approaches to mathematics and the new national curriculum’. In addition, account is taken of the Oxford University Press series ‘Teaching for Mastery.’ Achieving mastery Emphasis is placed on the importance of children fully mastering mathematical concepts and principles so that, as well as being able to complete mathematical tasks, they are able to gain a deep understanding about why mathematical procedures work. Underlying this, is an expectation that all children can accomplish high standards. Consequently, teachers need to be able to focus their time on planning highly effective strategies to teach and model mathematical concepts for children. SA Charlie Stripp highlights the value of well-planned and focused lessons, where teachers explore and enhance children’s understanding through highly effective and precise questioning. Additionally, he points to the importance of effective practice and consolidation of key concepts. Therefore, the over-riding aim of this book is to provide examples for children to practise the concepts they are being taught, thereby allowing teachers more time to focus on achieving high quality teaching. Consequently, for each objective within the mathematics curriculum, as outlined in the ‘Statutory requirements’ and the ‘Notes and guidance’, there is at least one page of pertinent questions which children can complete during a lesson or for homework. For objectives such as ‘performing mental calculations’, a number of pages are available for children to practise a range of appropriate strategies. Focused discussion, with teachers and other adults, about the concepts highlighted will enhance children’s depth of understanding and mastery of the curriculum. © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd YEAR 6 MASTERING THE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM Teachers’ Notes – Year 6 Embedding mastery M PL E Opportunities for children to practise and demonstrate their mastery of mathematical concepts run through all the pages within the book. So that children can gain an in-depth understanding of each concept, the book is designed to provide examples precisely matched to each specific objective. Having this deep understanding will enable children to apply their knowledge and skills to different contexts, sometimes requiring an understanding of a range of objectives and concepts. Therefore, the book also includes further pages to provide an opportunity for children to practise and demonstrate this level of mastery. So, for each domain within the curriculum, there are specific pages linked to each objective, as well as further mastery pages which draw together the concepts within the whole domain. DIFFERENTIATION The ‘Teaching for Mastery’ Oxford University Press series recommends that the class should work “together on the same topic, whilst at the same time addressing the need for all pupils to master the curriculum and for some to gain greater depth of proficiency and understanding”. The NCETM paper ‘Mastery approaches to teaching mathematics and the new national curriculum’ suggests that “differentiation occurs in the support and intervention provided to different pupils”. SA The book is designed to meet these recommendations. Some groups of children may benefit from additional adult support and intervention to complete the examples, and develop their proficiency and understanding. In general, the examples are arranged so that they become progressively more difficult within each question or on each page. The ‘Teaching for Mastery’ series suggests that there should not be a need for additional ‘catch-up programmes’. However, some groups may require targeted intervention to reinforce their understanding of their own year group’s concepts through carrying out work at a level appropriate to their current ability. Therefore, some children could work on relevant pages from the HeadStart books for other year groups, whilst still working on the same topic as the rest of the class. ASSESSING CHILDREN’S PROGRESS This book is not designed to be used as a summative tool. Nevertheless, as the book is based on the Year 6 expectations within the mathematics curriculum, it can support teachers in making formative assessments about children’s progress towards those expectations. Furthermore, the book can provide diagnostic information about aspects of the curriculum for which individual children, or groups of children, may need further support or enhancement. © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd YEAR 6 MASTERING THE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM Teachers’ Notes – Year 6 USING THE BOOK M PL E The book is designed so that children are able to write answers on the photocopied or printed sheets, which may be particularly useful if given as homework. However, for most pages, pupils can easily transcribe the work into their exercise books. If the children complete work on photocopied or printed sheets and substantial ‘working out’ is to be completed, this may need to be carried out separately or in exercise books. SA In addition to photocopying or printing the pages for the children’s use, the enclosed CD can be used to project pages onto an interactive whiteboard, thereby enabling them to be used for modelling and clarification purposes. © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd YEAR 6 CONTENTS Number – number and place value Objectives Pages 1–2 Read and write numbers up to 10,000,000 Page 3 Compare and order numbers up to 10,000,000 Page 4 Determine the value of each digit in numbers up to 10,000,000 Page 5 Round whole numbers to the nearest 1000 Page 6 Round whole numbers to the nearest 10,000 Page 7 Round whole numbers to the nearest 100,000 Page 8 Round whole numbers to the nearest 1,000,000 Page 9 Round whole numbers to a required degree of accuracy Page 10 Calculate the difference between numbers across zero Page 11 Use negative numbers in context Pages 12–14 Solve problems involving number and place value M PL E Page Number – addition, subtraction, multiplication and division Objectives Pages 15–16 Multiply multi-digit numbers up to 4 digits by a two-digit whole number using the formal written method of long multiplication Pages 17–18 Divide numbers up to 4 digits by a two-digit whole number using the formal method of long division Pages 19–20 Divide numbers up to 4 digits by a two-digit whole number, using long division, and interpret remainders as whole numbers, fractions or decimal fractions Page 21 Divide numbers up to 4 digits by a two-digit whole number, using long division, and interpret remainders as whole numbers, fractions or decimal fractions, as appropriate for the context Page 22 Divide numbers up to 4 digits by a two-digit whole number, using long division, and round its remainder up or down, as appropriate for the context SA Page Pages 23–24 Divide numbers up to 4 digits by a two-digit whole number using the formal written method of short division Pages 25–26 Divide numbers up to 4 digits by a two-digit whole number, using short division, and interpret remainders as whole numbers, fractions or decimal fractions Page 27 Divide numbers up to 4 digits by a two-digit whole number, using short division, and interpret remainders as whole numbers, fractions or decimal fractions, as appropriate for the context Page 28 Divide numbers up to 4 digits by a two-digit whole number, using short division, and round the remainder up or down, as appropriate for the context Pages 29–37 Perform mental calculations, including with mixed operations and large numbers Page 38 Identify common factors Page 39 Identify common multiples © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd YEAR 6 CONTENTS Identify prime numbers Page 41 Use knowledge of the correct order of operations to carry out calculations involving the four operations Pages 42–43 Solve addition and subtraction multi-step problems in context Page 44 Solve multi-step problems, using all four operations M PL E Page 40 Fractions (including decimals and percentages) Objectives Page 45 Use common factors to simplify fractions Page 46 Use common multiples to create equivalent fractions Page 47 Use a common multiple to express fractions in the same denomination Page 48 Compare and order fractions Pages 49–50 Add and subtract fractions with different denominators and mixed numbers, using the concept of equivalent fractions Page 51 Multiply simple pairs of proper fractions, writing the answer in its simplest form Page 52 Divide proper fractions by whole numbers Page 53 Associate a fraction with division and calculate decimal fraction equivalents Page 54 Understand the relationship between fractions and division to find whole quantities Pages 55–56 Identify the value of each digit to three decimal places and multiply and divide numbers by 10, 100 and 1000 giving answers up to 3 decimal places Page 57 Multiply one-digit numbers with up to two decimal places by whole numbers Page 58 Multiply one-digit numbers with up to two decimal places by whole numbers in context Page 59 Use written division methods in cases where the answer has up to two decimal places, including rounding to a specified degree of accuracy Page 60 Solve division problems in context, rounding answers as appropriate Page 61 Recall and use equivalence between fractions, decimals and percentages Page 62 Recall and use equivalence between fractions, decimals and percentages in different contexts SA Page Ratio and proportion Page Objectives Pages 63–65 Solve problems involving the relative size of quantities using multiplication and division Page 66 Solve problems involving the calculation of percentages Page 67 Solve problems involving the use of percentages for comparison © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd YEAR 6 CONTENTS Pages 68–69 Solve problems involving similar shapes where the scale factor is known or can be found Pages 70–71 Solve problems involving unequal sharing and grouping using knowledge of fractions and multiples M PL E Algebra Page Objectives Pages 72–73 Use simple formulae for area and volume Pages 74–75 Use simple formula to find missing angles Page 76 Find missing co-ordinates Pages 77–78 Find one unknown number where it is represented by symbols or letters Pages 79–80 Generate and describe linear number sequences Page 81 Use formula to generate a number sequence Page 82 Express missing numbers algebraically Pages 83–84 Use algebraic formula to solve missing number problems Pages 85–86 Solve equivalent equations, where a symbol or letter represents one unknown number Pages 87–88 Find pairs of numbers that satisfy and equation with two unknowns Pages 89–90 Enumerate the possibilities of two variables Page 91 Solve equations using the correct order of operations Pages 92–93 Solve equations with an unknown number on both sides Measurement Objectives Page 94 Use, read, write and convert between standard units of measure from a smaller to a larger unit and vice versa, using decimal notation of up to three decimal places SA Page Page 95 Solve problems involving the calculation and conversion of units of length, using decimal notation up to three decimal places Page 96 Solve problems involving the calculation and conversion of units of mass, using decimal notation up to three decimal places Page 97 Solve problems involving the calculation and conversion of units of capacity, using decimal notation up to three decimal places Page 98 Solve problems involving the calculation and conversion of units of volume, using decimal notation up to three decimal places Page 99 Solve problems involving the calculation and conversion between analogue and digital time Pages 100–101 Solve problems involving the calculation of time in timetables and calendars Page 102 Solve problems involving the calculation and conversion of units of time © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd YEAR 6 CONTENTS Convert between miles and kilometres Page 104 Convert between metric and imperial units Page 105 Recognise that shapes with the same area can have different perimeters and vice versa Page 106 Recognise when it is possible to use formulae for area and volume M PL E Page 103 Page 107 Calculate the area of parallelograms Page 108 Calculate the area of triangles Page 109 Calculate and compare the volume of cubes and cuboids using standard units Page 110 Use compound units such as miles per hour Geometry – properties of shapes Page Objectives Page 111 Draw 2-D shapes using given dimensions and angles Page 112 Recognise and describe 3-D shapes Page 113 Recognise and describe nets of 3-D shapes Page 114 Compare and classify geometric shapes based on their properties and sizes Page 115 Find unknown angles in triangles, quadrilaterals and regular polygons Page 116 Illustrate, name and use facts about parts of a circle Page 117 Recognise angles where they meet at a point, are on a straight line or are vertically opposite, and find missing angles Geometry – position and direction Objectives Page 118 Describe positions on the full co-ordinate grid Page 119 Draw and translate shapes on the co-ordinate plane SA Page Page 120 Draw and reflect shapes in the axes of a co-ordinate plane Statistics Page Objectives Page 121 Interpret and construct pie charts and use them to solve problems Page 122 Interpret and construct line graphs and use them to solve problems Page 123 Connect mile/kilometre conversion to its graphical representation Page 124 Know when it is appropriate to find the mean of a set of data Page 125 Calculate and interpret the mean as an average © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd YEAR 6 CONTENTS FURTHER MASTERY PAGES FOR EACH DOMAIN Page Domain Pages 126–127 Further mastery – number and place value Pages 128–129 Further mastery – addition and subtraction M PL E Pages 130–131 Further mastery – multiplication and division Pages 132–133 Further mastery – fractions and decimals Pages 134–135 Further mastery – ratio and proportion Pages 136–137 Further mastery – algebra Pages 138–139 Further mastery – measurement Pages 140–141 Further mastery – geometry Pages 142–143 Further mastery – statistics ANSWERS SA Pages 144–154 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd YEAR 6 M PL E SA Number Number and place value © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd YEAR 6 Name Class Date Read and write numbers up to 10,000,000 1 Write the following numbers in digits. a Eight thousand, four hundred M PL E and sixty-two b Sixty two thousand, eight hundred and forty c Seventy three thousand, four hundred and twenty-one d Five hundred and sixty-seven thousand, nine hundred and forty-two BIG BANK e Two hundred and eight thousand, five hundred and three 2 a A lottery gave out winnings. Complete the cheques below by writing the amounts in digits. Date BIG BANK Pay BIG BANK The Smit h Family SA Nine million, seven hundred and eighty seven thousand, seven hundred and ninety "123456" b 891011 pounds LUCKY LOTTERY Mr Silver 121314 Date BIG BANK Pay 20/12/2014 20/12/2014 The Friends Syndicate Two million, one hundred and one thousand and ninety-nine "123456" 891011 pounds LUCKY LOTTERY Mr Silver 121314 Continued overleaf © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 1 Number – number and place value YEAR 6 Name Class Date Round whole numbers to the nearest 1000 1 Round the following numbers to the nearest 1000. e 56,427 M PL E a 1472 b 8326 f c 4576 g 476,499 d 17,876 h 1,872,384 2 Circle the numbers which round to 8000. 8642 3 8473 7398 8416 7982 Complete the table below. NUMBER 6472 8846 362 NEAREST 1000 3738 9000 SA 4 327,897 827 7000 For each of the numbers below, write the range of whole numbers which would round to it, as the nearest 1000. An example is shown. 3000 2500 to a 6000 to b 2000 to c 9000 to © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 5 3499 Number – number and place value YEAR 6 Name Class Date Round whole numbers to a required degree of accuracy 1 Complete the table below. NEAREST 1000 NEAREST 10,000 NEAREST 100,000 NEAREST 1,000,000 M PL E NUMBER 6827 7000 86,472 1,000,000 772,664 3,472,830 2,946,241 2 a Solve these problems, which involve rounding. 2,386,424 people watch a TV programme. To the nearest 100,000, how many people watched the programme? A sweet factory makes 14,726 sweets. The wrapper factory makes wrappers in batches of 100. How many batches should the sweet factory order to make sure each sweet has a wrapper? SA b 2,950,000 c A football club estimates that over a season there will be 426,440 spectators. Tickets with the club’s logo can be ordered in bundles of 10,000. How many bundles should the football club order? © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 9 Number – number and place value YEAR 6 Name Class Date Julie had a target time of 30 seconds to swim 25 m. She recorded each of her attempts above and below her target as follows. 15 a M PL E +4 seconds –3 seconds 0 seconds +2 seconds –1 seconds –2 seconds What was the difference between her fastest and slowest time? b How many seconds was her third fastest swim? c seconds In her next race, her time was 25 seconds. What would she have recorded her time as? 16 a SA If the starting temperature was 10°C, how long would it take for the temperature to drop to –25°C? 17 seconds Aisha was writing a horror story. The villain, Professor Freezem, tried to put victims in a room which lowered the temperature at a rate of 7°C per second. If the starting temperature of the room was 18°C, what would be the temperature after 5 seconds. b seconds o C seconds The number function machine takes in numbers and then gives out numbers which are 6000 less. Complete the functions below. IN OUT 9462 16,872 4138 182,156 –232 2349 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 14 Number – number and place value YEAR 6 M PL E SA Number Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd YEAR 6 Name Class Date Multiply multi-digit numbers up to 4 digits by a two-digit whole number using the formal written method of long multiplication 1 Solve the following. c 92 × 13 = b 43 × 22 = d 83 × 61 = 2 M PL E a 41 × 12 = Have a go at multiplying these 3-digit numbers. a 212 × 14 = c 321 × 47 = b 102 × 23 = d 842 × 84 = 3 Now try these 4-digit numbers. a 3432 × 12 = d 7824 × 73 = SA b 3021 × 33 = c 3927 × 23 = 4 e 8423 × 84 = Now try these. You will need to use your knowledge of inverse operations to find the missing numbers. a ÷ 54 = 121 c ÷ 31 = 4639 b ÷ 742 = 24 d ÷ 8391 = 53 Continued overleaf © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 15 Number – addition, subtraction, multiplication and division YEAR 6 Name 3 Class Date Solve the following, writing the remainder as a fraction. a 387 ÷ 18 = f b 630 ÷ 27 = g 4634 ÷ 21 = c 968 ÷ 32 = h 3804 ÷ 27 = d 675 ÷ 54 = i 5483 ÷ 79 = e 724 ÷ 36 = j 8407 ÷ 85 = M PL E 4 889 ÷ 28 = For these, write the remainder as a fraction in its lowest terms. f b 741 ÷ 26 = g 3690 ÷ 36 = c 891 ÷ 36 = h 2526 ÷ 24 = d 960 ÷ 42 = i 8950 ÷ 35 = e 902 ÷ 33 = j 8745 ÷ 88 = SA a 888 ÷ 18 = © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 20 770 ÷ 56 = Number – addition, subtraction, multiplication and division YEAR 6 Name Class Date Divide numbers up to 4 digits by a two-digit whole number, using long division, and round its remainder up or down, as appropriate for the context 2 3 4 710 eggs were put into egg boxes holding 12 eggs. How many boxes were filled? M PL E 1 A coach can carry 34 passengers. How many coaches will be needed to carry 798 passengers? Rashid had collected 1642 football stickers. He put them onto sheets with 24 stickers on each sheet. How many sheets had stickers on? A group of archaeology students found 2647 old coins. Forty six coins could be packed in a box. SA How many boxes were needed? 5 5427 people go to the stadium. There are 52 seats in each row. How many rows were full of people? 6 The chocolate factory makes 8426 chocolates. Twenty-seven chocolates fit in each bag. How many full bags of chocolates can be made? © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 22 Number – addition, subtraction, multiplication and division YEAR 6 Name Class Date Perform mental calculations, including with mixed operations and large numbers For these questions, counting up from the smaller to the larger number may help. EXAMPLE 6000 – 1785. Start with 1785. Add 5 (1790). Add 10 (1800). Add 200 (2000). Add 4000 (6000). Add together the jumps counted up in. Answer = 4215. M PL E 1 a 8000 – 6785 = b 9000 – 6675 = c 7000 – 2465 = d 8000 – 2343 = e 7020 – 3467 = f 8125 – 2376 = g 18,045 – 12,884 = SA h 24,152 – 19,341 = i 17,200 – 4765 = j 120,100 – 29,385 = k 160,110 – 8764 = l 267,212 – 6771 = Continued overleaf © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 29 Number – addition, subtraction, multiplication and division YEAR 6 Name Class Date Identify common factors 1 Write the common factors for each of the following sets of numbers. (Don’t include 1) a 18, 27 M PL E c 12, 72 d 48, 144 b 12, 36 2 Add the greatest common factor to the smallest common factor. ( Don’t use 1 ) + 48, 64, 80 3 = Write two numbers in each section of the sorting diagram. An example is shown. Factor of 24 Not a factor of 24 Factor of 30 10 Not a factor of 30 Complete the sentences below. (Don’t include 1) SA 4 a Every number with a factor of 6 must also have factors of b Every number with a factor of 20 must also have factors of 5 Find the prime factors of these numbers. and a 20 = × × c 52 = × × b 30 = × × d 99 = × × © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 38 Number – addition, subtraction, multiplication and division YEAR 6 Name Class Date Identify prime numbers 1 Circle the prime numbers below. 2 3 4 On the line below, write all the prime numbers greater than 50, but less than 100. Add together the prime numbers between 140 and 170. Show your calculation. Is 351 a prime number? Yes / No. Explain your answer. Look at the numbers below and investigate them to help you complete the sentence. The numbers which are prime numbers are circled. SA 5 M PL E 29273 17335 412 45 If the sum of a number’s digits is a multiple of , that number is not a prime number because 36 414 37 5419 5421 73 1023 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 40 52,176 72 Number – addition, subtraction, multiplication and division YEAR 6 Name Class Date Use knowledge of the correct order of operations to carry out calculations involving the four operations M PL E B O D M A S brackets order 2 (3 + 4) (or other things means the same e.g. – squares) as 2 × (3 + 4) 1 division multiplication addition Use BODMAS to complete the following. a 76 _ 3 × 6 = f (6 + 27 × 2) ÷ 10 = b (4 + 7) 9 = g 14 × 36 – c 18 ÷ 3 – 2 = h d 3 × 9 + 14 = i (53 + 116 – 81) ÷ 11 = e 16 + 12 – 17 = j (272 – 64 × 3) ÷ 8 + 1 = = 475 × 63 ÷ 9 = 182 Give the correct answer and explain the error made. EXAMPLE SA 2 subtraction 48 + 12 ÷ 2 = 54 30 The addition, rather than division, was calculated first. a 70 + 60 × 2 = 260 b (31 + 163 – 72)6 +2 = © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 976 41 Number – addition, subtraction, multiplication and division YEAR 6 M PL E SA Number Fractions (including decimals and percentages) © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd YEAR 6 Name Class Date Add and subtract fractions with different denominators and mixed numbers, using the concept of equivalent fractions a For each of the following, add the fractions by finding the lowest common denominator. 1 3 b 3 4 c 1 4 d 2 2 + + + 3 10 6 1 8 1 3 + 3 = 6 = + 1 2 1 2 + = + = = + = 3 _ 1 3 4 b 6 _ 2 2 3 7 c 6 + + = = Now try subtracting these fractions. = SA a 5 M PL E 1 3 4 = _ 1 5 = 8 _ = _ = _ = Continued overleaf © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 49 Number – fractions (including decimals and percentages) YEAR 6 Name Class Date Multiply simple pairs of proper fractions, writing the answer in its simplest form a Multiply the fractions below. 1 3 b 1 5 2 a × 2 1 × 4 = c 1 4 = d 5 2 4 7 2 × 9 = = 3 × × 2 6 1 8 = = = = c 5 6 × 4 9 = = Multiply each pair of fractions and put the answer on the ladder, starting with the smallest. 3 3 5 × 6 SA 9 3 1 Multiply the following and write the answer in its simplest form. 4 b 1 M PL E 1 × × 1 8 1 4 × 4 5 7 10 1 3 10 10 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 51 Number – fractions (including decimals and percentages) 1 × 2 × 5 4 YEAR 6 Name Class Date Understand the relationship between fractions and division to find whole quantities Solve the following problems. 2 A ribbon measures 15 cm. How long is 1 of the ribbon? 5 M PL E 1 15 cm cm There are 35 people on a bus. One fifth of them are children. How many children are on the bus? 3 m 2 It rained for 5 of Tom’s holiday. He was on holiday for 25 days. SA 4 1 The perimeter of a garden is 392 m. 7 of it is a wall. What is the length of the wall? a For how many days did it rain? b If Tom’s holiday had been 2 days longer and it had rained on both days, what fraction of Tom’s holiday would have been rainy? Put your answer in its simplest form. © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 54 Number – fractions (including decimals and percentages) YEAR 6 Name 4 Class Date Now use division to complete this table. 4·05 14·1 16·3 2356 7527 M PL E Number in Divided by 10 100 1000 1000 10 Number out 5 Complete the calculations in the function machine. Number in Function Number out × 100 36·3 476 ÷ 1000 0·67 × 10 SA 37·2 372 0·23 × 1000 3 ÷ 100 0·764 7·64 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 56 Number – fractions (including decimals and percentages) YEAR 6 Name Class Date Recall and use equivalence between fractions, decimals and percentages 1 Complete the table below to identify equivalent fractions, decimals and percentages. 1 4 1 2 M PL E Fraction 0.75 Decimal 0.4 20% Percentages 2 Draw lines between any values which are equivalent. 60% 70% 1 8 12·5% 3 5 3 0.125 7 10 0.6 0·7 0·125 Put the values in the correct position on the number line. For some, you will need to estimate the position. For each value, write the equivalent fraction, decimal and percentage. An example is shown. 9 10 SA 0·25 0·5 0 0·125 1 20 1·45 120% 1.5 0·5 50% 1 2 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 61 Number – fractions (including decimals and percentages) YEAR 6 M PL E SA Ratio and proportion © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd YEAR 6 Name Class Date Solve problems involving the calculation of percentages 2 3 In Mr Seedat’s class, 40% of the 30 children were girls. How many girls were there? M PL E 1 The class made badges for a business enterprise. The takings were £120 and 60% was profit. How much profit was there? £ Nick is writing an essay. He writes 20 pages. He draws a bar chart to show the number of words on each page he writes. 6 Number of pages 4 2 0 <1 1–200 201–210 211–220 221–230 231–240 >241 Number of words on a page What percentage of the pages have 231–240 words? % b What percentage have 230 words or fewer? % c Which of the ranges shown above represents 15% of the pages? SA a 4 There were 60 pupils in Year 6. 20% liked swimming best. 15 liked football. 15% liked athletics and the rest did not know. a How many children liked athletics best? b What percentage liked football best? c How many children knew which sport they liked best? © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 66 % Ratio and proportion YEAR 6 M PL E SA Algebra © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd YEAR 6 Name Class Date Use simple formulae for area and volume The formula to find the area of a rectangle is A (Area) = l (length) × w (width). Use this to find the missing values in the table below. l w Rectangle A 4 cm 5 cm cm2 Rectangle B 8 cm 9 cm cm2 Rectangle C 3m mm Rectangle E 36 m2 m Rectangle D 2 A M PL E 1 9 mm 2·5 m 117 mm2 m 45 m2 Use the formula V (Volume) = l × w × h (height) to find the volume of the cuboids. Not to scale a b V= 3 cm 5 cm a m3 2m 3·5 m Use the formulae above to identify two possible sets of missing values (each side is a whole number). Area = 16 cm2 16 cm2 = b V= 5m 12 cm SA 3 cm3 cm × cm or 16 cm2 = cm × cm Volume = 24 cm3 24 m3 = or 24 cm3 = cm × cm × cm × cm cm × cm Continued overleaf © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 72 Algebra YEAR 6 Name Class Date Use simple formula to find missing angles The sum of the interior angles in a triangle = 180° The sum of the angles on a straight line = 180° M PL E The sum of the angles at a point = 360° The sum of the interior angles in a quadrilateral = 360° The sum of the interior angles in a pentagon = 540° 1 Use the formulae above to find the missing angles. a Angle a = b a 91° ° 74° 91° 75° d a 106° 98° 81° 42° c ° Angle c = 70° SA Angle a = ° e c e 118° 12° 125° 83° 84° 120° Angle e = ° Angle c = c 23° ° Continued overleaf © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 74 Algebra YEAR 6 Name 3 Class Date Complete the table by putting numbers in all the empty boxes. Examples are shown. 6n–8 3n+7 8n÷2 M PL E n = 12 n= 10 n= n= 4 14·5 n + 5 is greater than 30. n – 5 is less than 30. If n represents a whole number, find all the numbers that n could be. Find the missing numbers below, so that 4x + 6y = 68. An example is shown. SA 5 44 If x = 2, y = 10 a If x = 8, y = c If x = 5, y = b If y = 4, x = d If y = 8·5, x = © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 78 Algebra YEAR 6 Name Class Date Express missing number problems algebraically 1 For each problem below, circle the equation which could be used to solve it. Shabnam had some red and blue buttons. She had 81 buttons altogether and 15 were red. How many were blue ( b )? M PL E a b = 81 + 15 b 15 = 81 + b There were 128 girls in 8 classes. What was the average number of girls per class ( g )? 128 + 8 = g 2 b = 81 _ 15 128 _ 8 = g 128 ÷ 8 = g Write down a suitable equation to solve this problem. Then solve it. Marc spent £18.72 and Freddie spent £31.96. How much more did Freddie spend than Marc ( s )? s= This is an equation to solve a problem: p = 64 + 73 + 29 ( p stands for people ) What could the problem have been? SA 3 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 82 Algebra YEAR 6 Name Class Date Find pairs of numbers that satisfy an equation with two unknowns 1 Find the missing values. Write your answer in the box. d y = 49 + 26 = 23 + 56 = + 43 M PL E a y = 3a = b a= e 56 ÷ b = 28 = 14 × 2 = + b + 481 = x x= = c 2 x=9×9 f 13y = 200 – 57 x = 47 + y y= 2y = 47 – x x= Find the missing values in each of the following. a + 17 = 46 a= 4a = 79 + b b= SA a b c × 17 = 272 = + = + = 384 ÷ x + x + 24 = 92 102 x =y+y+y x= y= Continued overleaf © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 87 Algebra YEAR 6 Name Class Date Solve equations using the correct order of operations To make sure we carry out calculations in the correct order, we use BODMAS. M PL E B O D M A S brackets order 2 (3 + 4) (or other things means the same e.g. – squares) as 2 × (3 + 4) 1 division multiplication addition subtraction Use BODMAS to find the missing values. a e = ( 10 + 11 ) ÷ 7 a = = b f = 36 ÷ ( 3 × 3 ) SA g x = 4 + 7 × 13 y = 23( 43 – 34 ) h 9x = 16 + 3( 68 ÷ 17 ) – 1 x = y= © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 3b = ( 36 ÷ 4 )12 – 15 b = x= d 6y = 255 – 13 × 9 y = = c a = ( 38 ÷ 2 – 4 ) + 5 91 Algebra YEAR 6 M PL E SA Measurement © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd YEAR 6 Name Class Date Use, read, write and convert between standard units of measure from a smaller to a larger unit and vice versa, using decimal notation of up to three decimal places 2 Convert between the standard units of capacity. M PL E 1 a 4600 ml = b 6·8 l = l ml c 3741 ml = d 4·326 l = ml Complete the table below, which shows the conversion between grams and kilograms. grams 550 kilograms 3 l 1·4 30 2·6 Complete the table below to show the conversion of units of length. mm 2,000,000 cm 500,000 600 1200 SA m km 4 2 3·2 Now convert between these standard units of time. a 84 days = b 420 seconds = © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd c 6·5 hours = weeks minutes 94 d 10·25 years = Measurement minutes months YEAR 6 Name Class Date Solve problems involving the calculation and conversion between analogue and digital time Draw lines to match up to the times shown. One is done for you. M PL E 1 8:00 2 15:40 04:30 18:20 07:15 Sophie’s watch showed a time of quarter past 7. Her alarm went off 25 minutes later. What time did her alarm go off? Give your answer as a digital time. : 3 The watch shows the time in the morning when Nafisa set off to her cousin’s house. The digital 24-hour clock shows the time she arrived. How long did it take her? 14 : 08 SA hours 4 5 minutes Jessica, James and Amy set off on a school trip at 18:10. They arrived at their destination at quarter past eight the next morning. For how many hours and minutes were they travelling? hours minutes One of the clocks is 5 minutes fast. One is 3 minutes slow. What is the correct time? : 11 : 23 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 99 Measurement YEAR 6 Name Class Date Calculate the area of parallelograms 1 M PL E Look at the parallelograms on the centimetre grid. Calculate their areas. A B D C A= 2 cm2 B= C= cm2 D= cm2 cm2 A parallelogram had an area of 20 cm2. Its base measured 4 cm. What was the perpendicular height? cm2 3 Complete the table below. Perpendicular Height (cm) Parallelogram A 3·2 4·6 Parallelogram B 12 SA length (cm) Parallelogram C © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd Area (cm2) 42 17 107 714 Measurement YEAR 6 Name Class Date Use compound units such as miles per hour 2 Naseeba travelled to work at a rate of 30 miles per hour. She travelled for 30 minutes at a constant speed. How many miles did she travel? miles M PL E 1 The graph below shows the speed Mr and Mrs Haworth travelled on their journey to their holiday destination. Average speeds (miles per hour) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Hour 1 Hour 2 Hour 3 Hour 4 a What was the average speed travelled for the second hour? b The third hour was from 12 midday until 1 pm. The family stopped for lunch from 12:00 until 12:30. How many miles did they travel between 12:30 and 1 pm? What was the average speed travelled over all 4 hours? SA c d 3 miles per hour miles miles per hour During their holiday, the family went on a trip. They travelled 50 miles at a rate of 40 miles per hour. How long did the journey take? hours Aaron wanted to eat a healthy diet of no more than 150 grams of carbohydrates per day. a How many days should he take to eat 450 grams? b What would be the maximum carbohydrates he should eat in 7 days? © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 110 days grams Measurement YEAR 6 M PL E SA Geometry Properties of shapes © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd YEAR 6 Name Class Date Draw 2D shapes using given dimensions and angles Use paper or your exercise book to answer the following questions. 2 Draw the following rectangles as accurately as you can. M PL E 1 a Length 5 cm, width 3 cm c Length 4·4 cm, width 3 cm b Length 6 cm, width 6 cm d Length 3 1 cm, width 6 1 cm 2 2 Draw the following triangles. a An equilateral triangle with sides measuring 4 cm. b An isosceles triangle with a base of 4·5 cm and an interior angle of 50º at either side of its base. c 5·5 cm d Not actual size 8 cm 6 cm 4 cm Not actual size Julia made a scarecrow using 2D shapes. Use the information below to draw Julia’s scarecrow as accurately as you can. You will need to use your knowledge of the properties of shape. SA 3 4·5 cm Not actual size © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd Part of scarecrow top of hat brim of hat head body arms fingers legs feet buttons knee patches eyes nose mouth 111 Shape Dimensions rectangle rectangle circle rectangle rectangles 0·5 cm × 2 cm 0·4 cm × 3 cm diameter 3 cm 4 cm × 6 cm 3·5 cm × 1·2 cm base 0·4 cm right angle triangles height 1 cm 2 cm × 4c m parallelograms 60° × 2 120° × 2 rectangles 3 cm × 1 cm equilateral triangles sides 1cm squares 1 cm2 diameter 0·2 cm (approx) circles sides approx 0·2 cm triangle to fit arc of a circle Geometry – properties of shapes YEAR 6 Name Class Date Find unknown angles in triangles, quadrilaterals and regular polygons 1 Without using a protractor, work out the size of Angle A in each of the shapes below. 5 cm d ° 75° ° M PL E a 5 cm 5 cm 40° A A 90° b e ° A 2 cm A 60° 4 cm 70° 4 cm 110° c f ° A 4 cm 4 cm 6 cm 6 cm not actual sizes ° 2 cm 4 cm 4 cm ° 4 cm A 4 cm 75° 2 Calculate the value of the missing angles. 50° SA b a 3 c 40° a= ° b= ° c= ° The shaded shape shows an isosceles triangle drawn inside a regular pentagon. A What is the size of Angle A? ° Explain how you worked out your answer. © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 115 Geometry – properties of shapes YEAR 6 M PL E SA Geometry Position and direction © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd YEAR 6 Name Class Date Draw and translate shapes on the co-ordinate plane 1 3 Sketch the new position of the shape after it has been translated 2 units up and 3 units to the left. 2 M PL E 1 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 1 2 3 –1 –2 –3 2 3 Sketch the position of the shape after a rotation of 180°. 2 1 –3 –2 –1 0 –1 –2 –3 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 SA 3 C B A 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Above is a sequence of rectangles. Write the co-ordinates for each vertex of the next rectangle. ( , ) ( , © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd ) ( , ) 119 ( , ) Geometry – position and direction YEAR 6 M PL E SA Statistics © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd YEAR 6 Name Class Date Interpret and construct pie charts and use them to solve problems 1 There are 32 children in the class. a How many children liked Science best. M PL E Maths P.E. English 45° 45° 135° 90° 45° Art Science 2 b How many children liked Art best? c What percentage of the class did not choose Maths or English? d What fraction of the class chose P.E? % 72 people were asked about their favourite sport. Their answers are shown in the table. Use this information to complete the pie chart. rugby swimming netball football tennis 9 9 18 27 9 netball 3 Gabriel and Isaac collected autumn leaves. They each made a pie chart of their collection. Isaac – 60 leaves SA Gabriel – 72 leaves oak ash 90° 90° 135° 45° beech c Who collected the most ash leaves? b How many beech leaves were collected altogether? oak ash elm a 120° 90° 60° 90° beech elm Gabriel said, “Our pie charts show that we have collected the same number of oak leaves.” Explain why he is wrong. © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 121 Statistics YEAR 6 Name Class Date Calculate and interpret the mean as an average 1 Tom drew the graph below to show the distance he jumped over 5 standing jumps. 1·2 What was the average distance Tom jumped? M PL E a 1 distance 0.8 (metres) 0.6 m 0.4 0.2 0 b 2 3 2 3 jumps 4 5 Tom only jumped 0·6 m for his 6th jump. To the nearest centimetre, what was his new average? Anya is saving for some trainers which cost £28.95. On average, how much would she need to save each week for 5 weeks? cm £ Linzi collects £8.16 for charity. Robert collects £7.54 and Joseph collects £9.20. What is the average amount collected? £ Dale was investigating how long he could stand on one foot. His results are shown in the table below. SA 4 1 attempt 1 2 3 4 5 time in seconds 18 17 13 19 18 a What was his average time? b Dale wanted to increase his average to 18 seconds. For how many seconds would he have to stand on one foot in his sixth attempt to achieve this? © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd seconds 125 seconds Statistics YEAR 6 M PL E SA Further mastery © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd YEAR 6 Name Class Date Further mastery – addition and subtraction b 2 Jez had to complete the calculation 1426 + 340 + 260. He decided to use the associative rule to complete the calculation, in his head. Explain what Jez did. M PL E 1 a Now look at the calculation 184 + 1653 + 816 + 7. Explain how you would complete the calculation, giving your reasons and then find the answer. For each of the following, decide whether you would carry out the calculation mentally or using a written calculation. Explain your reasons, then solve the calculation. a 148·3 + 120·4 = mental / written because mental / written because b 2356·4 + 1783·32 = SA c 12,426 + 2574 = 3 mental / written because Write the correct digits on the lines to make the calculations correct. a 12,745 + 1 7 = 14,562 b 127·39 _ 3 ·47 = 88· 2 Continued overleaf © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 128 Further mastery – addition and subtraction YEAR 6 Name Class Date Further mastery – fractions and decimals 1 For each of the following, write > , < or = to make the number sentence correct. b 2 5 8 c 0·65 3 5 1 8 0·125 d 1 3 12 1 2 5 Put a whole number less than 20, in each box, to make the number sentence correct. There may be more than one possible answer. a b 4 = 6 1 < 3 c ÷4= 2· d 8 ÷ = 1·25 This time, put a whole number less than 10 in each box. SA 3 2 3 M PL E a a 1 2 × 3 b × c 1 ÷ 3=1_ 2 = = d 6 1 ÷= 3 6 21 Continued overleaf © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 132 Further mastery – fractions and decimals YEAR 6 Name Class Date Further mastery – ratio and proportion 1 2 M PL E Cost of 4 jars of coffee = £7.80 a How much would 3 jars of coffee cost? b 2 A small jar of coffee costs 3 as much as one of the jars shown above. How much does a small jar of coffee cost? £ £ A pizza needs four times as much cheese as a cheese and onion pie. Chef Charlotte makes 5 pizzas and uses 240 g of cheese. How much cheese would she need to make a cheese and onion pie? g Sofia has 75 red and blue building bricks in a box. The ratio of red to blue is 3 : 2. How many fewer blue bricks than red bricks are there? SA 3 4 Samir and Lennox collect football cards. They have 155 altogether. Lennox has 37 more football cards than Samir. a How many cards does Samir have? b Lennox’s friend said, “For every 3 cards you’ve got, I’ll give you 50p”. How much money would Lennox get if he decided to sell all his cards to his friend? £ Continued overleaf © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 134 Further mastery – ratios and proportion YEAR 6 Name 3 Class Date Use your knowledge about area of rectangles to explain how you can find the area of this triangle. Then explain your working. Not actual size 3 cm Area = 4 M PL E 5 cm cm2 The diameter of a sphere is 2 cm. Which of the following boxes could hold 10 spheres? (each with a diameter of 2 cm). a 2 cm 2 cm 10 cm 4 cm 2 cm 10 cm Box 1 b How many spheres would fit in the other box? Explain your answer. weighs 1 1 times as much as a cube. 2 weighs 0·4 kg. A cuboid A cube SA 5 Box 2 How much does a cylinder weigh? Give your answer in kilograms and grams. 0 kg 1 5 kg 4 2 3 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd g 139 Further mastery – measurement YEAR 6 Name Class Date Further mastery – statistics 1 walk 5% The pie chart shows the results of a survey of 500 people’s mode of travel to work. Some percentages are shown. Four times as many people travel to work by bus than walk and twice as many people cycle to work than walk to work. M PL E cycle bus car train 25% a What percentage of the 500 people travel to work by car? b How many people cycle to work? c How many more people travelled to work by car than walked? d If the survey had included another 200 people and the proportions of mode of travel to work remained the same, how many people would have used each mode of public transport? walk bus train car SA cycle % 2 A shoe company wanted to know which shoe size they should make the most of. The manager thought that finding the mean average shoe size for 5000 people would generate the data needed. Do you think that was a sensible idea? Explain your answer. Continued overleaf © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 142 Further mastery – statistics YEAR 6 M PL E SA Answers © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd YEAR 6 ANSWERS Page 25 1 a) 56 r7 b) 89 r3 c) 21 r14 d) 39 r18 e) 22 r2 f ) 21 r3 g) 102 r4 h) 123 r3 i) 98 r11 j) 261 r16 Page 32 5 a) 90 b) 209 c) 309 d) 368 e) 368 f ) 456 g) 24·8 h) 45·9 2 6 a) 63·5 b) 79·25 c) 49·25 d) 11·5 e) 13·25 f ) 110·5 g) 135·75 h) 132·75 i) 106·25 j) 148·75 4 M PL E Page 26 1 6 5 6 b) 4212 or 4212 c) 3025 or 15 d) 3018 or 3013 3 a) 1311 7 3 5 3 4 e) 4413 f ) 5815 or 5815 g) 11112 h) 10117 i) 10821 j) 10629 75 a) 5612 b) 8213 c) 6213 d) 3415 e) 2323 3 g) 10211 h) 10223 i) 4216 j) 58638 Page 33 7 a) 168 b) 126 c) 114 d) 207 e) 136 f ) 154 f ) 1119 8 Page 27 126·4 3 12·5 or 1212 4 each pupil got 55 tickets and the teacher got 50 10 a) 27, 125, 216, 343 b) 512 because 8 × 8 × 8 = 512 Page 35 11 a) 0·65 b) 0·16 c) 2·19 d) 0·04 e) 10·77 f ) 0·164 g) 0·119 h) 5·55 5£3 Page 28 1104 12 a) 36·2 b) 1748 c) 0·36 d) 300 e) 173 f ) 0·36 g) 3·742 h) 0·64 269 3102 13 a) 0·08 b) 3·6 c) 4·2 d) 1·35 e) 0·125 f ) 0·9 g) 5 h) 1·6 4208 5173 697 SA Page 29 1 a)1215 b) 2325 c) 4535 d) 5657 e) 3553 f ) 5749 g) 5161 h) 4811 i) 12,435 j) 90,715 k) 151,346 l) 260,441 Page 30 2 a) 81 b) 139 c) 601 d) 795 e) 602 f ) 999 g) 1218 h) 2397 i) 4997 j) 28,004 k) 46,030 l) 280,030 a) 441, 536 b) 5560, 2830 c) 1254, 622 d) 9862, 8972 e) 786, 3144 Page 31 4 a) 60 b) 90 c) 130 d) 170 e) 1300 f ) 2400 g)13,000 h) 20,000 i) 80,000 j) 114,000 k) 36,470 l) 80,320 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd a) 94 b) 77 c) 202 d) 290 e) 511 f ) 1860 g) 6953 h) 6450 Page 34 9 a) 36 b) 64 c) 10 d) 7 e) 130 f ) 93 2307·4 l 3 row 1: 8, 40, 50, 600 row 2: 7, 42, 56, 280, 350, 2800, 4200 row 3: 9, 72,108, 360, 3600, 5400 row 4: 66, 88, 132, 550, 4400, 6600 row 5: 78, 156, 520, 650, 5200 row 6: 15, 120, 180, 600, 750, 6000, 9000 Page 36 14 a) 119 b) 3520 c) 97 d) 93 e) 152 f ) 81 g) 8 h) 253, 22·3 i) 0·09 j) 130 k) 343 l) 1·64 m) 3640 n) 144 o) 57,240 Page 37 15 a) 131,660 b) 15,374 c) 71,370 d) 799 e) 144, 11, 9000 f ) 529 g) 217 h) 161 i) 2930 j) 64, 216, 343 k) 370 l) 2·6 m) 48,007 n) 100,715 o) 658, 1706 Page 38 1 a) 3, 9 b) 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 c) 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 d) 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48 2 8 + 2 = 10 3 row 1: 2 from: 2, 3, 6/1 from 5, 15 row 2: 2 from: 4, 8, 12/any appropriate numbers 4 a) 3 & 2 b) 2, 4, 5, 10 5 a) 2 × 2 × 5 b) 2 × 3 × 5 c) 2 × 2 × 13 d) 3 × 3 × 11 146 YEAR 6 M PL E MASTERING THE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM YEAR 6 covers all National Curriculum objectives focuses on the mastery approach supports lesson planning and saves teacher time SA provides evidence for formative progress judgements T. 01200 423405 E. 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