ISBN 978-1-56145-618-5
Sill / Sill
Children’s nonfiction / Nature
www.peachtree-online.com
John Sill is a
prize-winning and
widely published
wildlife artist who
illustrates the
ABOUT… series
and illustrated
and coauthored the FIELD GUIDES and
BEYOND BIRDWATCHING. A native of North
Carolina, he holds a B.S. in Wildlife
Biology from North Carolina State
University. The Sills live in Franklin,
North Carolina.
What are oceans?
What kinds of animals and plants live in oceans?
Why are oceans important?
ISBN 13: 978-1-56145-618-5
ISBN 10: 1-56145-618-7
ABOUT HABITATS
Oceans
Oceans
A
HABITATS: OCEANS is a
thoughtful yet entertaining first
glimpse into the world of
nature for young children. In this
informative book in the ABOUT HABITATS
series, author and former teacher
Cathryn Sill explains in simple, easyto-understand language what oceans
are and how wildlife survives in these
diverse environments.
With the help of beautifully detailed
paintings by noted wildlife illustrator
John Sill, the author describes the
characteristics of different types of
oceans—from the chilly Arctic Ocean
to the warmer waters of the Indian
Ocean—and shows how various species
of animals and plants have adapted to
life in these habitats.
An afterword and glossary provide
more detailed information about
oceans in general and about the flora
and fauna featured in the illustrations.
BOUT
A BOUT H ABITATS Oceans
Cathryn Sill, a
former elementary
school teacher,
is the author of
the acclaimed
ABOUT… series.
With her husband
John and brother-in-law Ben Sill, she
coauthored the popular bird-guide
parodies A FIELD GUIDE TO LITTLE-KNOWN
AND SELDOM-SEEN BIRDS OF NORTH AMERICA,
ANOTHER FIELD GUIDE TO LITTLE-KNOWN AND
SELDOM-SEEN BIRDS OF NORTH AMERICA,
and BEYOND BIRDWATCHING.
A BOUT H ABITATS
$16.95
Jacket photos by Fred Eldredge, Creative Image Photography
Printed in Singapore
Written by
Cathryn Sill
Illustrated by
$16.95
John Sill
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Front
Front
End_iii
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A BOUT H ABITATS
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Oceans
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Front
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A BOUT H ABITATS
—Genesis 1:9–10
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Published by
PEACHTREE PUBLISHERS
1700 Chattahoochee Avenue
Atlanta, Georgia 30318-2112
www.peachtree-online.com
Text © 2012 by Cathryn P. Sill
Illustrations © 2012 by John C. Sill
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical,
photocopy, recording, or any other—except for brief quotations in printed reviews,
without the prior permission of the publisher.
Illustrations created in watercolor on archival quality 100% rag watercolor paper.
Text and titles set in Novarese from Adobe.
Printed in September 2011 by Imago in Singapore
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
First Edition
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Sill, Cathryn P., 1953About habitats : oceans / Cathryn Sill ; illustrated by John Sill.
p. cm.
ISBN 978-1-56145-618-5 / 1-56145-618-7
1. Ocean--Juvenile literature. 2. Marine ecology--Juvenile literature. I. Sill, John, ill.
II. Title.
GC21.5.S55 2012
578.77--dc23
2011020466
Written by
Cathryn Sill
Illustrated by
John Sill
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Oceans
To the One who created oceans.
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O CEANS
FEATURED IN THIS BOOK
A R C T I C
Oceans
O C E A N
EUROPE
A T L A N T I C
O C E A N
P A C I F I C
O C E A N
AFRICA
I N D I A N
O C E A N
SOUTH
AMERICA
AUSTRALIA
S O U T H E R N
O C E A N
ANTARCTICA
PleaSe note:
Map and ocean areas are not to scale.
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A BOUT H ABITATS
ASIA
NORTH
AMERICA
P A C I F I C
O C E A N
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PLATE 1
SOUTHERN OCEAN
Wandering Albatross
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Oceans are huge bodies of salt water that
cover most of Earth.
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PLATE 2
PLANET EARTH
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All the world’s oceans are joined together.
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PLATE 3
ATLANTIC OCEAN
Southern Stingray
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The bottom of the ocean is often called the
ocean floor. Parts of it are flat.
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PLATE 4
TROPICAL AND TEMPERATE
OCEANS WORLDWIDE
Scalloped Hammerhead Shark
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Other places on the ocean floor have the
world’s tallest mountains and deepest valleys.
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PLATE 5
PACIFIC AND
ATLANTIC OCEANS
Short-beaked Common Dolphin
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Ocean water is always moving.
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PLATE 6
TROPICAL OCEANS
Clownfish
Sea Anemone
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The water in oceans may be warm
and tropical…
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PLATE 7
ARCTIC OCEAN
Beluga Whale
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…or cold and frozen.
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They live in shallow water or float near the top
where there is more light.
PLATE 8
PACIFIC OCEAN
Giant Kelp
(also shown: California
Sea Lion)
TROPICAL AND
SUBTROPICAL OCEANS
WORLDWIDE
Sargassum Seaweed
(also shown: Sargassumfish)
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Plants that live in oceans need sunshine to grow.
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Plate 9
SUBTROPICAL OCEANS
WORLDWIDE
Blackwing Flyingfish
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Most ocean animals live near the top of
the water where there is plenty of sunlight.
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PLATE 10
OCEANS WORLDWIDE
Sperm Whale
Giant Squid
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Some live in the dim light between the
surface and the bottom of the ocean.
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PLATE 11
OCEANS WORLDWIDE
Humpback Anglerfish
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Fewer animals live in the deepest parts of
oceans where it is cold and dark.
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b.
a.
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PLATE 12
WARM OCEANS WORLDWIDE
a. Portuguese Man-of-War
PACIFIC OCEAN
b. Giant Octopus
c.
WARM OCEANS WORLDWIDE
c. Striped Remora with Blacktip
Reef Shark
PACIFIC OCEAN
d. Fiordland Penguin
ATLANTIC OCEAN
e. Spiny Lobster
d.
e.
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Animals that live in oceans move in
different ways.
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PLATE 13
PACIFIC AND INDIAN
OCEANS
Giant Clam
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Some always stay in one place.
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PLATE 14
ATLANTIC OCEAN
Atlantic Sailfish
(also shown: Sardines)
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Many ocean animals eat meat.
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PLATE 15
TROPICAL AND
SUBTROPICAL OCEANS
WORLDWIDE
Green Sea Turtle
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Others eat plants.
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a.
b.
c.
d.
PLATE 16
INDIAN OCEAN
a. Leafy Sea Dragon
INDIAN AND PACIFIC OCEANS
b. Yellow and Bluebacked
Fusilier
ATLANTIC OCEAN
c. Blue Crab
INDIAN AND PACIFIC OCEANS
d. Red Lionfish
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Ocean animals need ways to stay safe.
They may hide, swim together in schools,
attack enemies, or use poison.
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Oceans provide food, jobs, transportation,
and recreation for people all over the world.
They are important places that need to be
protected.
PLATE 17
ATLANTIC OCEAN
Laughing Gulls
(also shown: Shrimp Boat)
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O CEANS
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PLATE 1
Oceans cover 71 percent of Earth. All ocean water is salty. Most of the salt
comes from land. The salt found in soil and rocks is dissolved in water and
washed into the oceans by rivers. Underwater volcanoes also add salt to the
ocean. Albatrosses spend most of their lives gliding over the ocean looking for
food such as fish and squid. Wandering Albatrosses have the largest wingspan
(up to 11 1/2 feet or 3.5 m) of any bird in the world. They live in the Southern
Ocean.
PLATE 4
Mountains beneath the ocean are called seamounts. Many seamounts are
under thousands of feet of water. The tops of some of these mountains rise
above the ocean’s surface to form islands. The deep valleys on the ocean
floor are called trenches. Scalloped Hammerheads (a type of shark) sometimes swim in large schools around seamounts. They live in temperate and
tropical waters all over the world.
PLATE 2
There are five oceans in the world. The Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and
Arctic Oceans are all connected to form one World Ocean. Smaller bodies of
water linked to oceans are called seas and gulfs. Earth is sometimes called
the Blue Planet because the huge size of the ocean causes it to look blue
from outer space.
PLATE 5
Waves, tides, and currents keep ocean water in constant motion. Wind blowing across the surface of the ocean creates waves. Tides cause the ocean
level to rise and fall two times a day in most places. Currents are streams of
water that move continuously in a certain direction throughout oceans.
Short-beaked Common Dolphins are marine mammals that live in warm
temperate and tropical waters of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
PLATE 3
The area of the ocean floor around the edge of each continent is called the
continental shelf. It slopes out gently for many miles. Much of the deep
ocean floor is covered by flat places called abyssal plains. Some rays live
along the bottom of the ocean on the continental shelf. Their flat bodies
help them hide and hunt. Southern Stingrays use the venomous spine on
their tails to defend themselves. They live in the western Atlantic Ocean,
Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea.
PLATE 6
Oceans closest to Earth’s equator are tropical. Coral reefs are found in the
warm waters of tropical oceans. Some anemones and clownfish live together
on coral reefs. Anemones catch food by grabbing and stinging small animals
with their tentacles. Clownfish are covered with slimy mucus that protects
them from the stings. Clownfish stay safe from enemies by living among the
anemones’ tentacles. They help the anemones by eating tiny animals and
plants that cause them harm.
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Afterword
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PLATE 8
Giant Kelp is the largest ocean plant and one of the fastest growing plants
in the world. It can grow up to 24 inches (60 cm) a day. Giant Kelp makes
dense forests in shallow water in the northeast Pacific and in temperate
waters of southern oceans. Sargassum Seaweed drifts in large mats on the
surface in parts of the ocean. Many animals such as the Sargassumfish live in
Sargassum Seaweed. Sargassumfish inhabit tropical and subtropical oceans
around the world.
PLATE 9
The top layer of the ocean is called the sunlit zone. Tiny plants and animals
called plankton are plentiful in the sunlit zone. Plankton provides food for
many ocean animals, including flyingfish. Larger animals often feed on those
that eat plankton. Flyingfish are able to escape from predators by jumping
out of the water and gliding through the air. Blackwing Flyingfish live in subtropical oceans around the world.
PLATE 10
The middle zone of the ocean is called the twilight zone. It has little sunlight.
Sperm Whales come to the surface to breathe, but they dive to the twilight
zone to hunt for squid. They are able to stay underwater for up to two hours.
Sperm Whales live in deep waters in all the oceans. Giant Squid can be up
to 59 feet (18m) long. They are rarely seen in the wild. Their remains have
been found in the stomachs of Sperm Whales. Giant Squid probably live in
all the oceans.
PLATE 11
The deep part of the ocean that gets no sunlight is called the midnight zone.
There is little food in this region. Some animals that live there eat dead
plants and animals that have drifted down from the surface. Other deep
ocean dwellers have long sharp teeth for catching prey. Humpback
Anglerfish have glowing lures that cause curious animals to come close to
their large mouths. Anglerfish live in all the oceans.
PLATE 12
Portuguese Men-of-War use their gas-filled balloons to float on the surface
of the warm oceans around the world. Giant Octopuses swim in the Pacific
Ocean by drawing water into their bodies and forcing it out in a powerful
squirt. Striped Remoras hitch rides. They have suction cups on the top of
their heads, which they use to attach themselves to animals such as Blacktip
Reef Sharks. Remoras live in all warm oceans. Fiordland Penguins dive and
swim in the Pacific Ocean. Spiny Lobsters walk along the ocean floor in the
Western Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea.
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PLATE 7
The coldest ocean waters are near the North and South Poles. In winter the surfaces of polar oceans freeze over. Many animals are able to live below the ice.
Animals that need to breathe air must stay near breathing holes. Beluga Whales
live in the chilly Arctic Ocean. They are sometimes called sea canaries because
of the whistling sounds they make.
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PLATE 14
Animals that eat meat are called carnivores. Large carnivores usually eat
smaller animals. The smaller animals eat animals and plants that are even
smaller. This is called a food chain. Adult Atlantic Sailfish have no predators
and are at the top of their food chain. They eat small fish such as sardines.
Sardines eat the tiny marine animals and plants called plankton. Atlantic
Sailfish live in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea.
PLATE 15
Animals that eat plants are called herbivores. Adult Green Sea Turtles eat
ocean plants such as seagrasses and algae. Green Sea Turtles are endangered because people hunt and eat them and their eggs, and because land
development destroys their nesting sites. Pollution sometimes ruins the
seagrass beds that provide food for them. Green Sea Turtles live in tropical and subtropical oceans around the world.
PLATE 16
Leafy Sea Dragons look almost exactly like some types of seaweed. These fish
can easily hide from enemies in seaweed beds. They live in the Indian Ocean
along the southern coast of Australia. Yellow and Bluebacked Fusiliers often
form large schools that can confuse predators. They inhabit parts of the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans. Blue Crabs, which live in the western Atlantic
Ocean, snap their claws aggressively when threatened. Red Lionfish defend
themselves with venomous spines located on their fins. They are native to the
Indian and Pacific Oceans but have been introduced to other places.
PLATE 17
All of the oceans together provide the largest habitat and support the greatest variety of life on Earth. Oceans influence the world’s climate. They provide many natural resources such as oil, salt, and other valuable minerals.
Oceans are an important source of oxygen. In spite of their huge size, oceans
have been harmed by human activity. Pollution and overfishing are two
major threats to the well-being of oceans. Healthy oceans are necessary for
healthy people.
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PLATE 13
Animals that stay in one place without moving are called sessile. Giant
Clams fasten themselves on coral reefs and sit there for the rest of their
lives. Their bright colors come from algae that live in the clams and provide
them with food. These clams also feed by filtering plankton from the water.
They can be over 4 feet (120 cm) long and weigh over 500 pounds (225 kg).
Giant Clams live in the Indian and South Pacific Oceans.
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A BOUT...
GLOSSARY
SERIES
BIOME—an area such as a grassland or wetland that shares the same types of plants and animals
ECOSYSTEM—a community of living things and their environment
HABITAT—the place where animals and plants live
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Camouflage—colors or patterns on an animal that help it hide
Continent—one of seven main masses of land on the earth
Equator—an imaginary line around the center of the earth halfway between the North and South Poles
Predator—an animal that lives by hunting and eating other animals
Prey—an animal that is hunted and eaten by a predator
School—a large group of one kind of fish
Subtropical—next to the tropics
Temperate—not very hot and not very cold
Tropical—the area near the equator that is hot year-round
Venom—poison injected by an animal
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ISBN 978-1-56145-407-5 PB
ISBN 978-1-56145-331-3 HC
ISBN 978-1-56145-406-8 PB
ISBN 978-1-56145-488-4 HC
ISBN 978-1-56145-454-9 HC
ISBN 978-1-56145-183-8 HC
ISBN 978-1-56145-233-0 PB
ISBN 978-1-56145-454-9 HC
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
EYE WONDER: OCEAN by Samantha Gray (DK Publishing, Inc.)
OCEANS AND SEAS by Nicola Davies (Kingfisher Publications)
THE BLUE PLANET SEAS OF LIFE: OCEAN WORLD by David Orme and Helen Bird (BBC Worldwide Limited, Scholastic Inc.)
THE MAGIC SCHOOLBUS ON THE OCEAN FLOOR by Joanna Cole and Bruce Degen (Scholastic Inc.)
WEBSITES
http://www.globio.org/glossopedia/article.aspx?art_id=69&art_nm=Oceans
http://www.wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/ecoregions/about/habitat_types/habitats/oceans/
http://ocean.nationalgeographic.com/ocean/?source=NavEnvOcean
http://www.mbgnet.net/
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ISBN 978-1-56145-559-1 HC
ISBN 978-1-56145-432-7 HC
SERIES
ISBN 978-1-56145-469-3 HC
ISBN 978-1-56145-618-5 HC
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T HE S ILLS
Cathryn Sill, a former elementary school teacher, is the author of the
acclaimed ABOUT… series. With her husband John and her brother-in-law
Ben Sill, she coauthored the popular bird-guide parodies, A FIELD GUIDE TO
LITTLE-KNOWN AND SELDOM-SEEN BIRDS OF NORTH AMERICA, ANOTHER FIELD GUIDE
TO LITTLE-KNOWN AND SELDOM-SEEN BIRDS OF NORTH AMERICA, and BEYOND
BIRDWATCHING.
John Sill is a prize-winning and widely published wildlife artist who illustrated the ABOUT… series and illustrated and coauthored the FIELD GUIDES
and BEYOND BIRDWATCHING. A native of North Carolina, he holds a B.S. in
Wildlife Biology from North Carolina State University.
The Sills live in Franklin, North Carolina.
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