0833 TH Allergies leaflet:0640 TH Allergies 2P
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Page 1
Allergy Advice
TOP
TIPS
for keeping
allergies
at bay
When is an allergy
NOT AN ALLERGY?
TIPS FOR
managing
ASTHMA
How to help hayfever
COPING WITH FOOD ALLERGIES
How your pharmacist can help
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Page 2
The symptoms
of many allergies
can be treated
by products available
from the pharmacy
and healthcare aisles.
Talk to your pharmacist about the
problem and the remedies on offer.”
Dr Hilary Jones.
“
I am one of those people who never
had any allergies, or suffered from
asthma, as a child. But after my
daughter was born, I suddenly started
suffering in a variety of ways – for
example, I have become allergic to
certain foods.
“
Allergy Advice
Contents
3
What are allergies?
How Tesco Pharmacy can help
5
8
RESPIRATORY
allergies
Hayfever
13
ASTHMA
16
How to control your
respiratory allergies
17
Coping with severe
allergies
18
FOOD ALLERGIES
21
Skin allergies
All products featured in this booklet are subject to
availability while stocks last. Some lines are not stocked
in all Tesco stores and are subject to new lines replacing
existing lines. Call 0800 50 55 55 for details. 0800 numbers
shown in this booklet are free from a BT landline and may
be recorded. 0845 numbers are up to 4p per minute from
a BT landline and may also be recorded.
“I also developed hives – my skin comes
out in itchy lumps whenever the weather
is very cold. Most annoyingly of all, I have
developed asthma – which can be a real
problem for a broadcaster.
“So I was really pleased to be asked to
participate with the Tesco Healthcare team
and all the experts from the charities and
organisations who have helped to put this
booklet together.
“It contains information, tips and advice
on many of the allergies from which people
may suffer and highlights where you can
find more information.
“I hope that this booklet from Tesco will
help other people recognise and deal with
any problems they may have – I certainly
learned more than a few good tips from it!”
Dr Linda Papadopoulos
psychologist, author
and broadcaster
Tesco would like to
thank Action Against
Allergy, Asthma UK
and The Anaphylaxis
Campaign for their
help in the production
of this booklet.
2
ALLERGY ADVICE
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Page 3
What are
allergies?
n allergy is caused by the way the
body reacts when it comes into
contact with something it thinks
(wrongly) is a poison, so the immune
system swings into overdrive. To destroy
the invader, it quickly produces a special
antibody called Immunoglobin
E (IgE). This makes blood
cells release histamine and
other chemicals which,
together, lead to those
familiar, uncomfortable and often miserable allergic symptoms.
A
These range from annoying but relatively
simple ones like a runny nose, rash or itchy
eyes, to a potentially deadly condition called
anaphylactic shock (see page 17).
Once the body reacts to something with an
allergic response, it goes on to the same
‘Red Alert’ status every time it comes into
contact with it.
Fortunately, most allergies are usually
harmless, but that doesn’t stop them being a
real nuisance. Often an allergy is upsetting
for all involved and can interfere with our
busy lives.
How Tesco
Pharmacy
can help
For many
people, once
their allergy
has been diagnosed,
treating at home can be fairly
straightforward. The important thing
is to get the allergy diagnosed by a
professional in the first place – the GP,
health visitor or the pharmacist can be
the first source of advice and diagnosis.
They may refer you to a specialist for
further tests and opinion. You can be
assured that the Tesco Pharmacist is
ready to help and our pharmacies offer
confidential consulting rooms so that
you can discuss anything in privacy.”
“
FACT:
Being prone to
allergies tends to run in
families and is called Atopy
(as in atopic eczema).
Other atopic disorders
include asthma, hayfever,
dermatitis and
urticaria.
The most common allergy symptoms are:
sneezing; runny nose; itching of the eyes,
ears, skin, lips and palate; coughing;
breathing difficulties; wheezing; sinus
pains; rashes; hives; bloating and stomach
upsets.
Penny Beck, Superintendent
Pharmacist, Tesco Stores
3
ALLERGY ADVICE
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of the hayfever season which triggers many of these symptoms.
W
ith more than 30 per cent of the population
suffering from some form of allergy that means
there are around 23 million people feeling fed up and
hoping to find a treatment that will alleviate these
common symptoms – 12 million of these being
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Otrivine Contains Xylometazoline Hydrocholoride.
prolonged use.
Always read the label before application and av
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Page 5
Respiratory Allergies
T
hese days we can be allergic to the
very air we breathe and about half
of sufferers experience symptoms
all year round. That’s because modern
respiratory allergies can be triggered by
chemicals, diesel exhaust, dust mites,
feathers, mould spores, pets (usually from
cats and dogs) and pollution, as well as
seasonally from pollen (see page 8).
There has been great controversy and
much research about why allergy rates are
rising and much of it has been linked with
a number of factors including increased
hygiene and environmental issues.
The usual suspects
❁ House-dust mite allergy has been
identified as one of the main triggers
for both asthma and eczema. Sufferers
aren't allergic to the mites themselves
but to the minute droppings they leave
in our beds and houses. One in 10
children now has asthma, and 85% of
them are allergic to house-dust mites.
❁ Hayfever is a seasonal allergy that is
usually limited to the main pollen season
of June and July. It usually starts in
childhood (though it can start at any age)
and affects a quarter of all 13-21 year
olds with symptoms like itchy, bloodshot
eyes, runny noses and sneezing.
❁ Mould allergy occurs when mould
releases thousands of microscopic
spores into the air. Symptoms include
sneezing, coughing, runny noses,
wheezing and itchy eyes but may also
lead to an asthma attack or eczema
outbreak. Mould is hard to avoid
because it grows in so many places,
including window frames, old food and
rotting leaves.
❁ Pet allergy is an immune reaction to an
allergen usually found in the saliva, dead
skin cells (known as dander), pet hair
or urine of a pet.
5
ALLERGY ADVICE
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Page 6
QUICK TIPS FOR
reducing allergens
around the home
❁ Cut back on chemical-based cleaning
products and use hot water, non
allergenic detergent and elbow grease
whenever possible.
TOP TIP:
Wood or laminate
flooring is much
better than carpet in
reducing dust and
house-dust
mites.
TOP TIP:
❁ Try anti-allergy bedding since dust
mites can’t live in it.
TOP TIP:
Over 10 million
mites live in the
average double
bed.
❁ Ordinary kitchen salt or a small
quantity of 3% hydrogen peroxide
(available in liquid form from the
pharmacy) are both excellent
alternative cleaning aids.
❁ Turn down the central heating to
reduce fumes from MDF furniture
and new carpets, and make house-dust
mites less comfortable (the warmer
they are, the more they multiply!)
Giving your dog
or cat a weekly
bath can reduce
allergens by up
to 85%.
DID YOU
KNOW?
❁ Most detergents include chemicals.
Use a non biological range that tends
to be kinder, or there are a few nonallergenic ranges and skin sensitive
products, like Surcare.
Create an
allergy-free zone keep pets out of
bedrooms.
❁ Mould spores collect wherever there
is dampness, like condensation on
windows, in bathrooms and kitchens.
Keep rooms well-aired, and remove
mould and damp immediately. If a
room is very damp a dehumidifier
can help.
❁ Use antihistamines like Clarityn
Allergy, Benadryl or Tesco own brand
antihistamine tablets to help
combat symptoms.
6
ALLERGY ADVICE
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Page 7
Advertisement Promotion
Benadryl – fast relief
for all allergy symptoms
llergies seem to be on the increase with
one in four people suffering at some
time in their life.
A
When this happens, it’s important to choose the
right product to relieve the symptoms – whether
it’s sneezing, itchy eyes or congestion.
Benadryl offers a range of products which do
not normally cause drowsiness1. These offer
fast, effective relief from everyday allergies,
whatever the symptoms, and come in various
formats including, tablets, capsules, cream and
oral solution for children.
Benadryl Allergy Relief
For fast effective relief from allergy symptoms,
Benadryl Allergy Relief capsules contain
Acrivastine which starts working in just 15
minutes and does not normally cause drowsiness1.
Benadryl PLUS Capsules
For those who suffer from congestion, Benadryl
PLUS is the only allergy relief capsule with
added decongestant that does not normally
cause drowsiness1.
Benadryl One A Day Relief
Specifically for those sufferers who require relief
all day from just one tablet that does not
normally cause drowsiness1. Contains Cetirizine.
Benadryl for Children Allergy Solution
Formulated specifically for children, this great
tasting banana flavoured product offers once a
day relief from hayfever and does not normally
cause drowsiness1. For children aged 2 and
upwards. Contains Cetirizine.
Benadryl Skin Allergy Relief Cream
Available in both a soothing cream and lotion, this
is active in minutes and brings rapid relief from the
symptoms of allergic and irritant skin conditions.
Ask your Tesco Pharmacist for advice and help
choosing the right product for your needs.
Visit www.allergyadvice.co.uk for free pollen
alerts and more information on coping with
allergies. Always read the label.
1 Acrivastine/Cetirizine at the
recommended dose, do not
normally cause drowsiness.
However, rare cases of drowsiness
have been reported.
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Page 8
Hayfever
H
ayfever (or seasonal allergic
rhinitis) often starts in childhood
but it can begin at any age.
It affects about 12 million people,
causing discomfort and misery, and often
interferes with school/work performance,
exam results, outdoor sports, and even
activities like driving. The main hayfever
months are June and July (though some
sufferers find it begins as early as March).
Symptoms include:
❁ Red, watery eyes
❁ Explosive sneezing
❁ Runny nose
❁ Itchy eyes, skin, ears, nose
and palate
❁ Congestion
❁ Coughing, wheezing and
DID YOU
KNOW?
Hayfever isn’t caused
by hay but by pollen
from grasses, trees and
flowers. Sufferers are
often allergic to more
than one type of
pollen.
What is pollen?
Pollens are microscopic particles that
enable plants to reproduce. While bees
carry some flower pollens, it is the lighter
airborn pollens from weeds, grass and
trees that cause allergies. Fortunately,
individual pollens are only active at
certain times of the year, so sufferers
who are allergic to pollen usually know
when to take precautions.
breathlessness
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CLARITYN ALLERGY SYRUP
Non-sedating, peach flavoured Clarityn Allergy
Syrup from the Clarityn Allergy range contains
loratadine and provides fast, effective relief
from the symptoms of hayfever, and is suitable
for those who prefer syrup to tablets and for children over 2 years.
Always read the leaflet.
0833 TH Allergies leaflet:0640 TH Allergies 2P
Keeping pollen at bay
❁ Check each day’s pollen count
on TV, radio, internet or in
newspapers.
❁ If the count is high, minimise
pollen exposure by staying indoors
and away from grassy areas,
especially between 7am-10am and
5pm-7pm when pollen tends to
rise into the air.
❁ Avoid parks, fields and walking
through long grass.
27/10/06
❁ Car windows should be kept up
during travel.
❁ Hair should be kept away from the
face and washed frequently to
remove pollen particles.
❁ Use a cold compress to soothe hot
itchy skin and eyes and wash your
face regularly.
❁ Hands should be kept clean and
away from itching skin and eyes.
Rubbing or scratching will
aggravate irritation.
Page 9
Remedies
Antihistamines in tablets, nasal sprays or
eye drops are available over the counter
from your Tesco healthcare aisles or on
prescription from a doctor. For maximum
effectiveness they should be taken in
advance of potential exposure to irritants.
❁
Antihistamines are the treatment of
choice for most people with allergies
– some may cause drowsiness.
❁
Antihistamines should be avoided by
pregnant and breast feeding women,
as well as by contact lens wearers
and patients with glaucoma.
❁
Oral decongestants are not
recommended for those with high
blood pressure or taking medication
for heart conditions.
❁ Persuade someone else to mow
your lawn!
❁ Doors and windows should be kept
closed in the evenings and at night
when you sleep. It might be worth
investing in a fan to circulate air
round your bedroom, rather than
opening the windows and letting
pollen in.
14:01
Desensitisation (or immunotherapy) is
a form of vaccination therapy using tiny
injected doses of the allergen. It is only
available at special centres in the UK
for those patients for whom drugs are
inadequate. A course of treatment can
take up to three years and still isn’t
a permanent cure.
Other options to consider include
complementary therapies such as herbal
remedies and acupunture as well as food
supplements such as antioxidants,
selenium and zinc. These may help but
work best when used as well
as, not instead of,
conventional treatment.
❁ Wash your hands if you stroke a
pet - they often pick up pollen in
their fur.
Tesco offers a range of
hayfever relief sprays
and tablets.
9
ALLERGY ADVICE
Always read the label/leaflet before use.
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Page 10
ALLERGIC EYES
rom around April each year, and all
through the early summer, about
21% of adults start noticing itching,
burning, watering and redness and
swelling of their eyes. The cause may be
seasonal allergic conjunctivitis - it is the
cause of about 15% of all eye problems
seen by the GP. Ask your doctor or Tesco
Pharmacist for more advice.
F
Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis occurs when
the eye reacts to exposure to a oncea-year allergen like grass or plant
FACT:
pollen. That is why it is
Hot, dry weather
associated with hayfever or
aggravates the
allergic rhinitis.
problem and intensifies
the symptoms, while
colder, wetter conditions
tend to soothe the
symptoms.
TIP: As the condition often
lasts for the rest of the pollen
season (usually until July), it’s a
good idea to ask your Tesco
Pharmacist for advice on remedies
to relieve the symptoms in early spring.
By contrast, perennial allergic conjunctivitis
tends to last all year. Its main causes are
usually indoor allergens like pet hair, dust
mites and mould spores. See page 6 for tips
on reducing allergens.
Advertisement Promotion
From hayfever to pet allergies, skin rashes to insect bites and stings, Piriton Syrup
can help relieve almost all allergic reactions, even in children as young as one.
Piriton is also available as Piriton Allergy Tablets, which are suitable
for adults and children over six. Piriton works by
blocking the release of histamine, which causes
the itching and inflammation, and provides relief
from allergic symptoms. Piriton has been tried and
trusted by millions of families for almost 50 years. It can also be used to
Age 6+
relieve the itchy rash of chicken pox,
and for summer allegies and skin reactions, including hayfever,
heat rash, nettle rash and hives. For the family’s allergies.
Age 1+
Piriton Syrup and Piriton Allergy Tablets contain chlorphenamine maleate and are available at your pharmacy. Always read the label.
0833 TH Allergies leaflet:0640 TH Allergies 2P
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Page 11
When symptoms appear
FACT: All forms of conjunctivitis
involve an inflammation of the clear
membrane that covers the white of
the eye. Typical symptoms include:
Avoiding the cause is the most effective
course of action, but not always practical.
But when trouble starts:
❁ Itchy eyes and eyelids
❁ Watery eyes, sometimes with
sticky discharge
❁ Bloodshot whites
❁ Burning
❁ Red, swollen eyelids
❁
Apply cold compresses to
soothe hot, irritated eyes.
❁
Wear sunglasses as
protection against pollen.
❁
Apply eye drops to relieve
symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis
caused by hayfever and other allergies.
Try Tesco own brand or ask your Tesco
Pharmacy about other remedies.
❁
Don’t wear contact lenses if the eyes are
affected with conjunctivitis nor during the
entire course of treatment. Soft lenses
should also be avoided for at least 24
hours after applying eye drops containing
benzalkonium chloride preservative.
❁ Blurred vision (occasionally)
❁ The sensation of there being
‘something in the eye’
FACT:
There are a
number of over-thecounter products for
babies and toddlers
suffering from allergic eyes
- talk to your doctor if you
suspect your infant is
suffering from an
eye allergy.
Medication can bring instant relief to
symptoms of hayfever, but for those who are
interested in complementary medicines, there
are some products that may also help.
An extract of the rye plant has been shown
in trials to be helpful in reducing allergies of
all kinds. It is thought it helps support
healthy respiratory function by strengthening
defences against allergens.
There are a number of combination formulas
available to support inflammatory response in
hayfever. They usually contain antioxidant
nutrients A, C and E, selenium, zinc and
quercitin which help to fight off the damaging
TIP:
Rinse the
faces of babies
or toddlers often
to remove pollen
from their
eyes.
effects of the allergen; B vitamins to balance
the levels of histamine in the body; calcium
and magnesium to reduce the severity of the
reaction; amino acids and bromelain which
act as excellent anti-inflammatory agents.
The Nutri Centre @ Tesco has
the world’s largest range of
complementary and
homeopathic products over 20,000. For information
and ordering online, visit
www.nutricentre.com. Order line
0800 912 1163, advice line 0800 587 4312
or talk to your local Tesco Pharmacist.
11
ALLERGY ADVICE
Advertisement Promotion
Are you allergic to pollens
and other allergens?
Do you suffer from hayfever?
Optrex
EXPERTS IN EYECARE
If you do, you’ll know that when pollen
grains come into direct contact with
your eyes they can affect them badly,
making them watery, red, itchy and
generally uncomfortable – as well as
causing your nose to run.
Optrex Eye Wash has a moisture
replenishing formula that can soothe
sore and irritated eyes. Available in
DID YOU KNOW?
110ml and 300ml bottles, Optrex Eye
• In Britain, 90% of hayfever sufferers
Wash helps to relieve irritated eyes by
are allergic to grass pollen and 25% are
washing away foreign bodies such as
allergic to birch pollen.
pollen, which can cause hayfever.
• Research shows that global warming and
climate change is altering the length and timing of the
allergy season.
• Milder winters/warmer springs are bringing forward
the start of the ‘traditional’ hayfever season – resulting
in longer periods of discomfort for allergy sufferers.
Source: National Pollen Research Unit, Worcester
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Page 13
Asthma
Asthma is a condition of the lungs.
It affects the airways - the small tubes
that carry air in and out of the lungs.
Asthma is becoming increasingly common,
for reasons which are not yet fully
understood. When adults and children
are first diagnosed it can be quite
alarming for them and relatives.
Left
untreated, a
severe asthma
attack can be
fatal.
Fortunately, most people have mild
or moderate symptoms that can be
controlled through medication.
Symptoms include:
❁ Coughing
FAST FACTS
❁ Shortness of breath
❁ Asthma can start at any age. Some
people develop it in childhood,
while others develop ‘late-onset’
asthma in adulthood.
❁ Chest tightness
❁ Wheezing as the airways
constrict and air becomes
trapped in the lungs
❁ It affects an estimated 1 in 12 adults
and 1 in 10 children.
❁ Roughly 1.1 million children have
the condition, though a third of
these grow out of it.
❁ Doctors see 14,500 new cases
each week.
❁ Hospitals see 190 asthma
admissions each day of the year.
❁ Like eczema and hayfever, asthma
can run in families.
❁ Environmental pollution makes the
symptoms worse, but doesn’t
necessarily cause the condition.
❁ Smoking during pregnancy increases
the chance of the child developing
asthma.
13
ALLERGY ADVICE
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Page 14
Managing asthma
What can trigger
AN ASTHMA
attack?
Everyone is different but triggers
include:
❁ Allergens like pet fur, dust,
house mites and pollen
Anyone with asthma should always use a
preventer on a daily basis which should
reduce the risk of an attack. However, if an
attack happens the person should take their
prescribed reliever medication immediately.
Inhalers are prescribed more often than
tablets because they get the medicine
directly to the airways where it is most
needed. This means it can get to work fast.
❁ Increase in air pollution
❁ Viral infections like cold
and flu
❁ Tobacco smoke
❁ Certain foods such as seafood
and nuts
❁ Excessive exercise
❁ Stress and anxiety
What happens?
How to use inhalers
During an asthma attack the diameter of
the bronchial tubes narrows dramatically
because of a combination of factors.
These include:
It’s very important to learn the
technique for using the inhaler
properly. Make sure your Tesco
Pharmacist shows you what to do
(and your child if applicable).
❁ Inflammation of their linings. These
swell and become narrower so air
can’t get through them so easily
❁ The blue reliever inhaler should be
used at the start of any asthma
attack.
❁ They over produce sticky mucus
(phlegm) which makes them
narrower still
❁ Sit down and loosen any tight
clothing.
❁ The muscles around their walls
also tightens
The result is that the sufferer is unable to
move air into and out of the lungs, and
they feel they can’t breathe out properly.
If you suspect you or your child may
be an asthma sufferer, see your GP
for diagnosis and treatment and
management advice.
14
ALLERGY ADVICE
❁ If symptoms don’t improve
immediately, another puff from
the inhaler should be taken every
minute for five minutes.
❁ If they haven’t improved after
five minutes, call a doctor or
999 promptly.
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Page 15
Types of Treatment:
Preventers - help control swelling and
inflammation so the airways are less
sensitive to allergens and irritants. They’re
usually red, orange or brown. It is important
to use the inhaler everyday even though the
person with asthma is feeling well.
Relievers - all people with asthma should
have one. They’re usually blue, and rapidly
relieve symptoms by relaxing the muscles
around the narrow airways.
Nebulisers - create a mist that is breathed
in through a mask and are mostly used in
hospitals.
Tablets - can be non-steroidal preventers
which are usually used in addition to inhaled
preventers. Steroid tablets are sometimes
given to treat an asthma attack as they work
quickly and powerfully to help to calm down
inflamed airways.
TOP TIPS FOR
ASTHMA SUFFERERS
❁ Keep pets out of the bedrooms and
lounge and don’t let them sit on sofas
or beds.
❁ Avoid condensation to reduce both
mould spores and dust mites. Keep
rooms well-aired and remove visible
mould and dampness immediately.
❁ Try to avoid drying washing indoors.
❁ Vacuum bed to clean the mattress and
turn it over regularly.
❁ Make sure that your child understands
the inhaler technique.
❁ Always keep the inhaler handy in a bag.
❁ Keep a spare one incase it runs out.
❁ If your child has asthma, make sure he
takes it with him to school and that the
school is aware of his condition and how
it should be managed.
15
ALLERGY ADVICE
TIP:
Check with your GP
or pharmacist if your
inhaler might give you a
sore throat or an oral
thrush infection. If this is
the case, always rinse your
mouth with water and
brush your teeth
after using.
0833 TH Allergies leaflet:0640 TH Allergies 2P
How to control your
respiratory allergies
27/10/06
1
14:02
Page 16
2
Keep an eye on
the weather. When it's
rainy and calm, pollen
tends to remain fairly still,
but dry, windy weather kicks
up the pollen, which makes
allergy symptoms worse. If
the pollen count is high
or if it's windy, stay
indoors.
Wear
sunglasses
outside to protect
allergy-prone eyes
Avoid
from pollen
holidays
in the
exposure.
country during the
allergy season, and
choose relatively pollenfree destinations
(like the seaside)
Take
instead.
10 steps
for keeping
the problem
at bay
Stay inside
during the hours
when pollen count
is usually highest
(5am-10am and
7pm-9pm).
34
5
6
Dust and
vacuum carefully,
allergy medicines
preferably with a highregularly. Don't wait
efficiency particulate filter
As dust mites
until you feel bad as
(HEPA) vacuum cleaner.
thrive in high
It may be better to have
it will take longer
humidity, keep
hardwood, tile or
to control the
humidity low
lino floors than
(below 50%) using a
symptoms.
Cover
dehumidifier or air
carpeting.
mattresses and
conditioner.
pillows with airtight,
special-fabric covers, and
wash all bedding weekly in
hot water. Choose pillows
with synthetic fillings
rather than feathers
Reduce animal
or down.
8
7
9
exposure by keeping
furry pets out of the
bedroom and lounge.
For those with serious
allergies, it is possible
that giving up your pet
may be the only
option.
Consider
getting rid of
houseplants or at
least be careful not to
over-water them as
wet soil encourages
mould growth.
10
16
ALLERGY ADVICE
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Coping with
severe allergies
or people at the extreme end of the scale, symptoms may start in seconds and
progress rapidly. The typical symptoms include difficulty breathing and a dangerous
drop in blood pressure which leads to unconsciousness. Without treatment, this can
be fatal, so patients at risk from this potentially deadly reaction (called anaphylactic
shock) are often advised to carry injectable adrenaline, which helps reverse the
symptoms. It is also important to dial 999.
F
EpiPens
When an allergy is mild, antihistamines are
usually quite effective at neutralising the
effect of histamines. But they are not
effective in treating severe symptoms, such
as those that occur with anaphylaxis. For
that, adrenaline (also known as epinephrine)
is usually recommended. There are two
alternative devices that are prescribed
– the EpiPen or the Anapen. Each
contains a single 0.3mg dose
of adrenaline in a pen-like
Develop a
device with a springplan for how
activated needle. It is
to handle an
easy to use and,
emergency. Have
because the needle isn’t
this written out for
visible, quite ‘patientfriends, family
friendly’. There is a
and school or
junior version for children
work.
weighing 30kg or less.
Adults will know how and when they
need to inject themselves if they are
in danger of anaphylactic shock. If
your child is in danger and you are
leaving them in the care of someone
else for a short while, make sure you
give them a demonstration of how to
use the EpiPen - and make sure they
know to use it before calling 999.
Worse offenders for causing
anaphylactic shock are:
• Foods such as peanuts, tree nuts,
milk and eggs
• Insect stings
• Certain drugs eg. penicillin
Extreme food allergies, especially to
peanuts, are the most common
cause of anaphylaxis in children.
FACT: Anaphylaxis occurs in one in
3,500 people. This may sound rare,
but hospital admissions due to
anaphylaxis have gone up 700% in
the last 10 years, and doubled in the
last four. In other words, it has
become far more common.
17
ALLERGY ADVICE
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Food allergies
and intolerance
ot so long ago, food allergies were
almost unheard of. Today they
seem more common. Food
intolerance, which is different to allergy, is
thought to affect about one in 50 of us.
N
Allergy or intolerance?
A true food allergy is an abnormal response
to food triggered by the body’s immune
system. Even a very tiny amount can cause a
swift allergic reaction. (For severe allergic
reactions see page 17.)
Allergies often run in families. Your doctor
can do tests if you suspect you or your child
has a food allergy.
An intolerance is not due to an immune
response - other mechanisms are involved, and
many are not yet understood. In some cases
people lack enzymes to digest certain food
components properly, for example in lactose
(natural sugar in milk). Symptoms of food
intolerance can be abdominal or joint pain, or
an upset stomach. This is not dangerous but
can be very uncomfortable and difficult to live
with, and may be difficult to detect.
How do I identify if I have a
food intolerance?
If you are continually feeling unwell, and your
doctor is unable to establish a cause, you may
have a food intolerance. An exclusion diet
involves cutting out from your diet (for about
two weeks) those foods that you feel are
most likely to be causing your symptoms.
Be careful to replace them with other
suitable foods to maintain a balanced diet.
If your symptoms disappear, the excluded
foods can be reintroduced, one food a week.
Within a few weeks you should have a good
idea of the food or foods you are sensitive
to. If the symptoms persist, see a doctor.
Always seek
the advice of your
doctor and dietitian if
you suspect your child
has a milk or other food
allergy, and before
changing their
diet.
Gluten intolerance (or coeliac disease) is a
life-long sensitivity to gluten, a protein found
in wheat, rye, barley and oats. It can lead to
weight loss and poor growth in children, and
sickness and tiredness in adults. A doctor
can test to see if coeliac disease is the likely
cause of your symptoms.
For gluten-free
alternatives, see
Tesco’s Free From
range of foods,
available in over
500 stores.
Food poisoning
from eating spoiled
fish is often mistaken for
an allergy because, as fish
deteriorate, they build up
histamines. These then cause
allergy symptoms like itching
and congestion without any
real allergic reaction
taking place in the
body.
18
ALLERGY ADVICE
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Common
food allergies
Most food allergies are triggered by the
following foods:
Seafood allergy
Someone who reacts to
one type of fish – even if the
symptoms are mild – might be
advised to play safe and
eliminate all fish from their diet.
Always check the label for
the type of shellfish/fish
to which you are
allergic.
Always check
ingredients on
packaged food and
restaurant dishes. Those at
risk of severe reactions are
often advised to carry an
adrenaline injection for use
in emergencies.
This is available on
prescription.
Egg allergy
mostly occurs in
young children and often
disappears by the age of
three. The allergen is
more likely to be in the
egg white than in
the yolk.
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Page 19
Even the most extreme
allergies can be managed.
Lives don’t have to be lost.
But those affected must have
reliable information about their
allergy, carry prescribed
medication at all times, and know
that they can trust food labels.”
David Reading,
Anaphylaxis Campaign
“
Some less
common food
allergens include:
wheat, sesame seeds,
some fruits, potatoes,
tomatoes, soya
and yeast.
Cow’s milk
is one of the most
common food allergens.
True milk allergy is a reaction
to the proteins found in cow’s
milk. While it is common in
young children, many kids
outgrow it by the age
of three.
19
ALLERGY ADVICE
Peanut and
nut allergy
is the most likely food allergy to
cause fatal or near fatal reactions.
Peanut allergy usually starts in infancy,
while allergies to tree nuts (e.g.
walnuts, cashews and almonds) may
start a little later.
Peanut or nut allergy causes about
five UK deaths a year – usually
among teenagers or
young adults.
Tesco own brand
foods have an 'Allergens
Information' box on the back of
pack (near the ingredients list)
which highlights any major food
allergens it may contain. A variety
of 'Free From' lists, which detail all
the own brand products that are
free from certain allergens,
e.g. milk, are available from
Customer Services on
0800 505 555.
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Eurax is an ideal choice for all the family’s itches and can be
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INSECT STINGS Both bee and wasp
non-staining cream or lotion, it can help relieve the itch and
stings are painful, but the effects are usually
skin irritation associated with sunburn, hives, insect bites
temporary. Those who are allergic to stings
and stings, heat rash, dry eczema, dermatitis and chickenpox.
should always seek medical attention.
HEAT RASH Babies and small children cannot
SUNBURN If sunburn does occur, it
control their body heat as well as adults and should be
will not necessarily appear immediately, but
watched in hot conditions. Heat rash appears as a fine
the skin may become red, hot and itchy a
pattern of tiny red spots that come and go but tend to
few hours later. Keep babies and children
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Trust Eurax to stop itching fast
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0833 TH Allergies leaflet:0640 TH Allergies 2P
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Page 21
If you or your
child has a reddish or
purple rash, spots or
patches that don't fade if
pressed with the side of a
glass, call your doctor
immediately or go straight
to hospital to check for
meningitis.
Skin allergies
S
ome rashes are caused by illnesses
(like measles), but most are
reactions to irritants or allergies
to foods, chemicals, plants, animals or
insects. While some disappear without
medication, rashes often need
medication to relieve discomfort or help
them fade faster. Treatments might
include:
• Emollient lotions and bath products which
moisturise, soften and soothe the skin
• Cortisone or steroid creams which can
reduce inflammation and itchiness
• Antibiotics which destroy or inhibit the
growth of bacteria
• Antihistamines which block the action of
histamines in the body and prevent the
symptoms of an allergic response
• Herbal remedies like lavender to
soothe and calm
If you want to speak to someone
about your allergy, visit your GP or
speak to your Tesco Pharmacist.
21
ALLERGY ADVICE
0833 TH Allergies leaflet:0640 TH Allergies 2P
Eczema/dermatitis
his usually begins in childhood and
affects about 6 million people (15%
of them are children).
T
• It typically affects those in families with a
history of allergies or asthma.
• It is a chronic, relapsing, itchy disease of
the skin and the usual rash is red, scaly and
commonly found on the inner creases of
the elbows, knees and on the scalp. It can
continue for years.
• There is no ‘cure’ as such, but treatments
can reduce symptoms. Ask your Tesco
Pharmacist to recommend suitable
products for you or your child.
• Reducing symptoms is important because
scratching can cause permanent damage, as
well as increasing the
risk of infection.
Did you know?
• Two of the main
One third of childhood
triggers are
eczema is food related.
allergies to dust
mites and
Food additives and
certain foods colourings may aggravate
see pages 6 and
the condition, as may
19 for more
certain foods like citrus
information on
fruit, pineapple and
dealing with these.
tomatoes.
27/10/06
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Page 22
Allergic contact dermatitis
• This is a red, raised, itchy rash caused by an
allergy to something familiar and everyday,
like nickel or chemical detergents.
• Nickel is a metal found in many ordinary
metal objects, like kitchen utensils, scissors,
zips, spectacle frames, buckles, jewellery
and coins.
• Chemical allergies
FACT:
‘eczema’ and
can result from
‘dermatitis’ are
cosmetics,
interchangeable
words.
detergents,
Eczema means ‘to boil’ in
soaps, skin care,
Latin (which is how it feels)
food and even
and dermatitis means skin
medication.
inflammation (which is
• Complete
avoidance is difficult,
so self-help remedies
include:
what actually
happens).
• Creams and lotions to relieve itching
• Cold compresses
• Washing with cool water immediately
after exposure, using an unperfumed
soap or soap alternative
• Special moisturisers to help restore the
skin’s normal texture
For frequent contact dermatitis, see your Tesco
Pharmacist or doctor who may advise using
antihistamines and corticosteroid medication.
The Itch of Eczema
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Put the fun back into bath-time for your children
with E45 Junior Foaming Bath Milk. This latest addition to the E45 Junior range is soap,
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It is important to encourage kids to see the fun side of washing, while at the same time,
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*Never leave a child unattended in the bath or shower
22
ALLERGY ADVICE
0833 TH Allergies leaflet:0640 TH Allergies 2P
Avoid
woollen and
synthetic clothing
close to the skin
Try to keep the
skin from cracking
by using emollient
creams regularly
27/10/06
14:03
Ask your Tesco
Pharmacist for
advice on suitable
moisturising
products you
can add to your
daily bath
Page 23
Wash clothes
in mild
non-biological
detergents
and rinse well
TOP
TIPS
to help reduce
a skin allergy
Neatly clipped
fingernails may help
avoid scratching itchy
skin during sleep
Some ingredients in
cosmetics and skin
cream cause allergic
reactions, so look
for brands which
specialise in allergyprone skins
Cotton clothing,
underwear and
bed linen is
recommended
Try not to get
stressed about
your skin.
The more
you worry, the
worse your skin
may become
23
ALLERGY ADVICE
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Page 24
Getting help and more information:
Tesco Pharmacies are usually open between
9am and 8pm on weekdays, and between 10am
and 4pm on Sundays, and are often open when
many other pharmacies are closed. Please check
with your local store for exact opening hours.
For advice on the world’s largest range of
complementary health and homeopathic products
call 0800 587 4312, ask the Tesco Pharmacist or
log on to: www.nutricentre.com
Action Against Allergy (AAA): offers a contact
referral service if you need to know your nearest
allergy specialist or clinic. 020 8892 2711
www.actionagainstallergy.co.uk
The Anaphylaxis Campaign: provides help for
people with severe food allergies, including
nut allergy.
Helpline: 01252 542029
www.anaphylaxis.org.uk
www.allergyinschools.org.uk
The Complete Guide to Food Allergy &
Intolerance by Jonathan Brostoff and Linda
Gamlin. Available from www.tesco.com
Asthma UK
Adviceline: 08457 010203
For information on asthma and Asthma UK:
020 7704 5888
www.asthma.org.uk
Allergy UK’s
information on a
range of allergies:
www.allergyuk.org
Hyperactive Children’s Support Group.
To receive information send a large stamped self
addressed envelope to: HACSG, 71 Whyke Lane,
Chichester PO19 2LD. www.hacsg.org.uk
For online advice on food intolerance:
www.eatwell.gov.uk/healthissues/foodintolerance
www.nutrition.org.uk
Coeliac UK is the national charity supporting
people with coeliac disease and dermatitis
herpetiformis. Membership services include a
gluten-free food and drink directory, Crossed
Grain magazine, a nationwide support group
network and a range of information leaflets.
Helpline: 0870 444 8804
www.coeliac.org.uk
To find a qualified nutritionist in your area contact:
The Nutrition Society, 10 Cambridge Court, 210
Shepherds Bush Road, London W6 7NJ.
020 7602 0228 www.nutritionsociety.org
You can contact a registered dietitian via your
doctor or local hospital. For details of registered
dietitians working in private practice in your area
please email [email protected] or send a stamped
addressed envelope to: The British Dietetic
Association, Private Practice, 5th Floor, Charles
House, 148 Great Charles Street, Queensway,
Birmingham B3 3HT. www.bda.uk.com
CQ17001/1