SCIENCE STUDY GUIDE FOR HEAT AND MATTER
TEST IS ON ________________
**HEAT-see heat notes along with study guide.*Know the 3 ways to produce heat: rubbing, burning, and using electricity
RUBBING: when objects are rubbed together, heat is produced. Ex: when hands are rubbed together, they get warmer on
a cold day.
BURNING: when materials are burned in a fire, heat can be produced. Ex: when wood or candles are burned, they
produce heat.
USING ELECTRICITY: when electricity is used, heat can be produced. Ex: light bulbs, heaters, stoves, toasters, or ovens,
things get warmer.
*Know the difference between an insulator and conductor and examples of both.
INSULATORS: materials that do not allow heat to move easily through them. Ex: wood, plastic, Styrofoam, fur, blubberfat, cooler, thermos, jacket.
CONDUCTORS: materials that allow heat to move easily through them and from one object to another through direct
contact (touch). Ex: metal, glass, copper wire, pots and pans.
**MATTER-matter concepts will be discussed this week in class.
*Know the 3 states of matter and their properties: solid, liquid, gas
Solid-have a definite size and shape, the size and shape do not change.
Liquid-have a definite volume, but they take the shape of their containers.
Gas-do not has a definite shape or volume. Gases take the shape and size of their container.
MASS: how much matter is in an object. Mass can be measured using a balance with known masses compared to the
unknown mass being measured. An object with a large mass feels heavier than an object with a smaller mass.
VOLUME: the amount of space an object takes up. Volume of a liquid can be measured with a beaker, graduated cylinder
or graduated syringe. An object that takes up more space has more volume.
Observerable Properties of Matter: Use your senses
-Sight: color, size, shape, shininess or luster
-Smell: odor present or not
-Touch: texture or relative hotness or coldness
Measureable Properties of Matter: use tools to measure matter
-Mass: use a balance (weight)
-Volume: graduated cylinder, syringe, or beaker
-Temperature: thermometer
-Length-ruler
*Know how matter can change.
MELTING: occurs when a solid is heated enough to change a liquid. Ex: solid ice melts and changes to liquid water.
FREEZING: occurs when a liquid cools enough (heat is removed) to form a solid. Ex: liquid water freezes and changes to
solid ice. Water will expand (get bigger) when it freezes; other substances contract (get smaller). Water freezes at O
degrees C or 32 degrees F.
EVAPORATION: occurs when liquids change to gases rather slowly at the surface of the liquid as heat is added from their
surroundings.
BOILING: the change from a liquid to a gas but faster with bubbles of gas forming in the liquid at a given temperature
because a lot of heat is being added from a source. Water boils at 100 degrees C or 212 degrees F. When substances are
heated they will expand and take up more space.
CONDENSING: occurs when a gas is cooled enough (heat is removed) to form a liquid. Ex: when liquid water is visible on
the outside of a glass of ice water. Ex: when liquid water droplets form on the cool surface of the mirror in the bathroom
from hot water vapor produced by the shower.