AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
29. October 2014
URBAN AGRICULTURE
IS THE NEW ROCK ‘N’ ROLL
Picture: Friends of the Earth Adelaide
Rock ‘n’ Roll?
• Audience
• New technologies
• Broadcasting
• Racial mixing
• Rebellion to authority
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
Urban agriculture
• Audience
• New technologies
• Broadcasting
• Racial mixing
• Language
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Polytunnel
Aquaponics
Vertical farm
Crop-mob
Guerilla gardening
• Food strategies and campaigns
• Rebellion to authority (for some)
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
Audience
• Films
• TV programs
• Festivals
• Books
• Newspapers
• Role models
• Clothes
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
New technologies
•
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
Content
• What makes it the new Rock ‘n’ Roll?
• The interest in food and urban agriculture
• Urban agriculture defined
• Developments in European cities
• Challenges
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
Introduction
• MSc research
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•
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Characteristics and the role of spatial planning
4 European cities (London, Almere, Malmö, Helsinki)
15 urban agriculture projects
Initiators, supporting organizations and policy makers
• Continued
• Interest and enthusiasm of citizens, municipalities
• New cities, conferences and presentations
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
Interest in food & urban agriculture
• Globalization & urbanization
• Climate change
• Lack of transparency in the food chain
• Distance consumer – producer
• Connection to nature and farming
• Local products – identity
• Public health
• Impact on region and consumer
• Diet
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
Globalized food in Denmark
•
AARHUS
Origin
UNIVERSITET
of vegetables and fruit
Føtex - Oct. 2014
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
•
AARHUS
Origin of vegetables
and fruit
UNIVERSITET
Føtex - Oct. 2014
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
Urban agriculture defined
•The growing of plants and the raising of animals
•for food and other uses
•within and around cities and towns,
•and related activities such as the production & delivery
of inputs, processing and marketing of products.
• Van Veenhuizen & Danso, 2007
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
Development in European cities
• Allotments (1910’)
• Victory gardens WWI & II
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
London
• 7.5 million inhabitants
• 36.000 allotments, 17 city farms, 77 community gardens
• Growing interest in local produced food
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London Food Strategy
Boroughs
NGO’s – Sustain
Olympics
• 6 projects studied
• main focus on social services and goods including community building, personal wellbeing and personal skills
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
Farm:shop
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
Almere
• City in the Netherlands since 1976, 190.000 inhabitants
• Large expansion plans (national policy)
• 3 projects studied
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
Stadsboerderij Almere
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
Malmö
• 300.000 inhabitants
• Transition from industrial to sustainable city
• 6000 allotments
• 3 projects studied
• Main focus on social and environmental issues
• Personal well-being, personal skills, access to green and biodiversity
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
Mykorrhiza
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
Odla i Stan
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
Helsinki
• 590.000 inhabitants
• Dodo, an environmental organisation
• Low2no, started as a design contest
• Broad scope
• Personal well-being, highest productive use of space and waste recycling
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
Low2no
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
Concepts
• 2 projects: Agroparks & PlantLab
• Main focus on economic and environmental issues
• Food security, highest productive use of space, energy transport (food miles)
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
Agroparks
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
PlantLab – vertical farming
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
Berlin
• ECF
• Vegetables & fish
• Prinzessinnengarten
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
Aarhus
• 3 urban agriculture projects
• Aarhus Ø
• Mejlgade Lab
• Godsbanen
• Many ‘kolonihaver’ allotment gardens
• 62.000 in Denmark
• Long waiting lists for gardens
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
Different types of urban agriculture
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Indoor food production - technology
Community gardens - neighborhood
City farms - education
Housing developments - green
Commercial farms – connect to urban
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
UA SERVICES AND GOODS
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
Challenges
• Availability of land and water
• Soil quality
• Zoning plans
• Legislation
• Contact with the government
• Enthousiasm
• Knowledge and experience
• Networks
• Sustainability
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
To conclude
• Urban agriculture could be the new rock ‘n’ roll
• Very diverse
• Provides a broad range of services and goods
• Challenged by spatial issues
• Is it sustainable?
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
‘Locality is the place where the answers on
questions can be found. By experimenting,
the local people try to solve the problems of
the globalising world.’
Zygmunt Bauman
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014
ACKNOWLEGEMENTS
• Peter Davids & Hanne De Witte
• Land Use Planning Group - Wageningen University
• Arnold van der Valk and Gerrit Jan Carsjens
• Dutch Ministry of Economy, Agriculture and Innovation
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Evelien de Olde
29. October 2014