AfricanAmericanVotingRightsandtheNorthCarolinaConstitution
Overview
StudentswillexaminechangesinAfricanAmericanvotingrightsthroughoutNorthCarolina’shistory.This
lessonbeginsbyreviewingkeyvocabulary.StudentsthenindependentlyresearchthehistoryofAfrican
AmericanvotingrightsinNorthCarolinausingaprimarysourcewebquestorjigsawactivity.Additional
activitiesincludeadministeringasamplevotingliteracytestandhavingstudentscreatehistoricalsuffrage
posters.
Grade
10
NorthCarolinaEssentialStandardsforAmericanHistory:FoundingPrinciplesandCivics&Economics
• FP.C&G.2.1-Analyzethestructuresofnational,stateandlocalgovernmentsintermsofwaystheyare
organizedtomaintainorder,security,welfareofthepublicandtheprotectionofcitizens(e.g.,federalism,
thethreebranches,courtsystem,jurisdictions,judicialprocess,agencies,etc.)
• FP.C&G.2.2-SummarizethefunctionsofNorthCarolinastateandlocalgovernmentswithinthefederal
systemofgovernment(e.g.,localcharters,maintainamilitia,passordinancesandlaws,collecttaxes,
superviseelections,maintainhighways,typesoflocalgovernments,etc.).
• FP.C&G.2.4-ComparetheConstitutionsandthestructuresoftheUnitedStatesandNorthCarolina
governments(e.g.,thevariousNCConstitutions,BillofRights,DeclarationofRights,Preambles,the
organizationof,thepowersof,responsibilities,etc.
• FP.C&G.2.6-Evaluatetheauthorityfederal,stateandlocalgovernmentshaveoverindividuals’rightsand
privileges(e.g.,BillofRights,DelegatedPowers,ReservedPowers,ConcurrentPowers,Pardons,Writof
habeascorpus,JudicialProcess,states’rights,PatriotAct,etc.)
• FP.C&G.3.8-Evaluatetherightsofindividualsintermsofhowwellthoserightshavebeenupheldby
democraticgovernmentintheUnitedStates.
• FP.C&G.4.5-Explainthechangingperceptionandinterpretationofcitizenshipandnaturalization(e.g.,
aliens,Interpretationsofthe14thamendment,citizenship,patriotism,equalrightsunderthelaw,etc.
Materials
• AfricanAmericanVotingRightsandNorthCarolina’sConstitutionPowerPointaccompaniment;availablein
theDatabaseofK-12Resources(inPDFformat)
o ToviewthisPDFasaprojectablepresentation,savethefile,click“View”inthetopmenubarofthe
file,andselect“FullScreenMode”
o TorequestaneditablePPTversionofthispresentation,[email protected]
• MaterialsneededifchoosingtoleadtheAfricanAmericanVotingRightsandNorthCarolina’sConstitution
WebQuest:
o AfricanAmericanVotingRightsandNorthCarolina’sConstitutionWebQuest,worksheetattached
o WebQuestanswerkey,attached
o Computerswithinternetaccess
• MaterialsneededifchoosingtoleadtheAfricanAmericanVotingRightsandNorthCarolina’sConstitution
JigSaw:
o Primarysourcedocuments,attached
§ Ideally,teacherswillphotocopyeachprimarysourceonadifferentcolorofpaper.Thiswillmake
thetransitionintothesecondgroupduringthejigsawactivityeasier.
o AfricanAmericanVotingRightsandNorthCarolina’sConstitutionJigSawactivity,handoutattached
o JigSawanswerkey,attached
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• CopyofLiteracyTestandanswerkey(attached)
• Posterpaperandartsupplies(optional)
• PosterRubric(optional),attached
EssentialQuestions
• HowhastheNorthCarolinaConstitutionbeenamendedinregardstoAfricanAmericanvotingrights?
• HowweremanyAfricanAmericansinNorthCarolinadisenfranchised?
• Whatistherelationshipbetweenstateandfederalgovernments?
Duration
Oneortwo60-90minuteperiods(timevariesbasedondepthofstudentdiscussionanddependingonwhich
optionalactivitiesarelead)
StudentPreparation
StudentsshouldhaveabasicunderstandingoftheNCStateConstitution(seethe“NorthCarolinaState
Constitution:ExploringtheRelevance,”availableintheDatabaseofCivicResources)aswellasabasic
understandingofthetreatmentofAfricansAmericansthroughoutAmericanhistory.
TeacherPreparation
Teacherschoosingtoleadthewebquestasanin-classactivityshouldconsiderhavingallofthewebsiteslinked
andstoredontheschool’scomputers–thiswillsavethetimeofeachstudenthavingtotypeineachweb
address.
Procedure
DayOne
IntroductiontoAfricanAmericanSuffrage
1. Asawarm-up,projecttheimageonthesecondslideofthe“AfricanAmericanRightsandtheNC
ConstitutionPowerPoint”accompanimentandgooverthefollowinginstructionswithstudents:
• Takeafewmomentstoexaminethisimage.Considerthefollowing:
o Whatdoyouimagineistakingplace?
o Whoarethepeopleyouseeandwhataretheydoing?Howaretheyfeeling?
o Duringwhatyearisthisactionoccurringandwhyisitoccurring?
• Afteryouhaveconsideredtheimage,assumethepersonaofoneofthepeopleyouseerepresentedin
theimageandwriteafirst-handaccountofthismomentand/orday,toldfromyourcharacter’s
perspective.Youcanbecreative,butensureyouarerealistic.
2. Oncestudentshavehadtimetocomposesomethoughts,askafewvolunteerstosharetheirwriting.
Furtherdiscusstheimage,focusingonthecorrectanswerstothequestionsbelow.Sharewithstudents
thattheimageisan1867sketchdepictingblacksvotingfreelyinthefirstopenelectionsintheSouth;
theseelectionstookplaceaftertheCivilRightsActof1866hadmandatedthatAfricanAmericansbegiven
therighttovote.
3. TellstudentsthattheyaregoingtobeexploringthehistoryofAfricanAmericanvotingrightsthroughthe
lensoftheUSandNCConstitutions.Explainthatyoufirstwantstudentstoreviewsomekeyvocabulary
theywillencounter.ProjecttheinstructionsonslidesthreeandfourofthePowerPoint,whichexplains
thefollowing:
• Writedownthefollowingwords.Besuretoleaveafewlinesofspaceundereachword.
o Suffrage
o Disenfranchise
o GrandfatherClause
o PollTax
o LiteracyTest
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Ø
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
o Mulatto
• TakefiveminutestowritedownWHATYOUTHINKthedefinitionofeachtermis.
• Whenyouhavefinishedwritingdownwhatyouthinkthedefinitionsare,flipthepaperoveranddraw
alinedownthemiddletocreatetwocolumns.
• Rewritethefivetermsinthelefthandcolumn.Leavespaceundereachterm.
TeacherNote:Teachersshouldeditvocabularyastheyseefit,addingadditionalwordsstudentsmayneed
toknowbasedonyourlesson,orremovingwordsyourstudentsalreadyhaveastrongunderstandingof.
Oncestudentshavecompletedtheirvocabularypredictions,gooverthecorrectanswersusingslides5-11
ofthepowerpoint:
• Suffrage-Therighttovote
• Disenfranchise-Todeprivesomeoneoftheirrighttovote
• GrandfatherClause-aclausecreatinganexemptionbasedoncircumstancespreviouslyexisting;
especially:aprovisioninseveralsouthernstateconstitutionsdesignedtoenfranchisepoorwhitesand
disenfranchiseblacksbywaivinghighvotingrequirementsfordescendantsofmenvotingbefore1867
• PollTax-Aspecialtax,demandedbystates,asaconditionofvoting.
• LiteracyTest-Areadingandwritingtestgiventopotentialvoterstodetermineiftheyareeligibleto
vote.AfricanAmericanswereoftendisenfranchisedbyliteracytestsbecausetheyweregivennear
impossibletaskstocomplete.
• Mulatto–apersonofmixedwhiteandblackancestry
Next,tellstudentstotakeaminutetocomparetheiroriginaldefinitionpredictionstotheactual
definitions.Whenfinished,havestudentsturntothesideofthepaperwiththecolumnsandinstruct
themtosketchapictureorcartoonintherightcolumnthatrelatestotheterminthelefthandcolumn.
Explainthatthiswillhelpstudentsstudyandremembertheseimportanttermslater.
NorthCarolina’sConstitutionandAfricanAmericanVotingRightsWebQuestorJigSaw
Writetheword“vote”ontheboardanddiscuss,notingstudentresponsesontheboard:
• Doyouhavetheabilitytovoteinanelection?Whyorwhynot?
• WhataretherequirementsforvotinginNorthCarolina?
• Whatgroupsofpeoplethroughouthistoryhavenotalwaysbeenallowedtovoteinthiscountry?
(Givestudentsaminutetothinkandwritetheirthoughtsonpaper.Whentheyarefinished,record
theiranswersontheboard.AnswersshouldincludeAfricanAmericans,women,NativeAmericans,
peoplewhodidnotownproperty,peopleunder21,peopleunder18,convictedfelons,etc.)
Tellthestudentsthatthey’regoingtobefocusingonthehistoryofAfricanAmericanvotingrightsinNorth
Carolina.ExplaintostudentsthatAfricanAmericanswerenotalwaysabletovoteinNorthCarolina.
Highlightthefactthatalthoughitisillegaltodaytokeeppeoplefromvotingbaseduponrace,gender,etc.
thiswasnotalwaysthecase.Manyearlystateconstitutionsincludedprovisionsthatmadeitperfectly
legaltodisenfranchisepeoplebaseduponrace,gender,etc.Leadstudentsthroughoneofthefollowing
activityoptions:
Option1:WebQuest
• Eitherindividuallyorinpartners,tellstudentstheyaregoingtobecompletingawebquest.Passouta
copyoftheattachedwebquesttoeachstudentandreviewtheinstructions:
o YourtaskistouseprimaryresourcestoresearchthechangesmadetotheNorthCarolina
ConstitutioninregardstoAfricanAmericanvotingrights.Youwillalsoberesearchinghowthe
federalgovernmentandNorthCarolina’sgovernmentrelatetooneanother.Toanswerthe
questions,usethelinksprovided.Eachlinkcorrespondswiththesetofquestionsbelowit.You
areencouragedtoengageinoutsideresearchinordertogainagreaterunderstandingofthetime
periodinwhicheachversionoftheStateConstitutionwaswritten.
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•
•
•
ReviewexpectationsforappropriateuseoftheInternet,assignstudentsacomputerorlaptop,andtell
studentstokeepthevocabularytermsinmindwhiletheyarecompletingthisactivity.Asstudents
work,circulateandaddressanyquestionsthatarise.Encouragethestudentstouseanonline
dictionarytolookupanywordstheyareunfamiliarwith.Oncestudentshavecompletedtheweb
quest,reviewtheanswersasaclassusingtheattachedanswerkey.
TeacherNote:Teacherswhousethewebquestwiththeirstudentsmaywanttoconsiderhavingallof
theinternetsitesstoredonthecomputersstudentswillbeusing.Thiswillalleviatethetimeitwould
takeforstudentstocorrectlytypeineachaddress.
OptionalVariations:
o IfallstudentshaveaccesstotheInternetoutsideofschool,thewebquestcanalsobeassignedas
ahomeworkactivitytomaximizeinstructiontime.
o Teacherscanalsodisseminatetheinformationfromthewebquestinlectureanddiscussion
formatwiththeclass.
9. Option2:JigSaw
• Iftheclassdoesnothaveaccesstocomputerstocompletetheattachedwebquest,oriftimeis
limited,copiesofallthenecessaryhandoutsareattached.Studentscanbeplacedintogroupsof4or
5andgivenapacketofprimarysourcehandoutsandthewebquestquestions.Theycanthen
completetheactivityusingthejigsawmethod.
• Eitherassigneightgroupsorhavestudentsnumberofffromonetoeight(oneforeachprimary
source).Tellstudentswhereintheroomeachnumberedgroupshouldreporttooncetoldtodoso.
Assigneachgrouponeoftheattachedprimarysourcestoreadandanalyze(allowapproximately1015minutesforthis.)
• TeacherNote:Tomakethetransitiontothesecondgroupseasier,teachersmaywanttocopyeach
primarysourceonadifferedcolorofpaper.Thus,studentsinthefirstgroupswillallbeworkingon
thesameprimarysource(thesamecolorofpaper.)Whenstudentstransitiontothesecondgroupsin
thestepbelow,thereshouldbe8differentcolorsofpaperineachgroup(thus,8primarysources
beingtaughtabout.)
• Oncethegroupshavecompletedtheiranalysis,re-dividestudentsintogroupsof8,withoneprimary
sourcerepresentedineachgroup.Eachofthe8studentswilltakeaturnteachingtheirnewgroup
membersabouttheirprimarysource.Instructstudentstogointhesameorderasthedocumentsare
listedonthehandout.Bytheendofthesecondgroupmeeting,allstudentsshouldhavetheirentire
handoutfilledoutbasedonwhattheirclassmatesteachthem.
• Teachersshouldcirculateasstudentsteachoneanotherabouttheirprimarysource.Ifdiscrepancies
areoverheardorstudentsseemtostrugglewithanyparticulardocument,doamoredetailedreview
ofthoseareasasaclassoncegroupshavefinished,usingtheattachedanswerkey.
10. Afterreviewingthewebquestorjigsawanswers,culminatewithadiscussion:
• Commonphrasesaroundelectiontimeinclude“myvotedoesn’tmatter”or“whocaresaboutvoting,
it’snotimportant.”IfvotingisnotanimportantpartofAmericanlife,whydidmanystatespasslaws
toexcludewholegroupsofpeoplefromvoting?
• Conversely,whydidmanygroupsfightdifficultstrugglestogaintherighttovote?Howdoyou
imaginethosepeoplewhofought(andevendied)fortherighttovotewouldfeelhearingsuch
apatheticopinions?
• Whyisitimportanttovote,inlocal,state,andnationalelections?Canonepersonmakeadifference?
• Whyisitimportanttobeawareofyourstate’sconstitution,knowingwhattypesofamendmentsare
beingpassed?
• Ifweareunawareofwhatourlegislatorsaredoing,orwhatisbeingamendedinourstate
constitution,whatwouldkeepsuchunfairlawsfrombeingpassedtoday?
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DayTwo
Optional:QuizTime!LiteracyTests
11. Asawarm-uponthenextdayclassmeets,tellthestudentstheyaregoingtotakeaquizaboutvotingand
theConstitution.Passouttheattachedquiz,whichisactuallyasampleliteracytestfromAlabama(donot
informstudentsofthisyet.)Studentswilllikelygrumble,buttellthemtheyhave10minutestoreadand
completethe“quiz.”Toreallyraisethestakesandheightenresentment,teachersmaywanttotell
studentsthatyoufeeltheinformationonthequizissoimportantthatyouwillbecountingitas20%of
theirfinalgrade.
12. Aftertheallottedtime,havestudentsexchangeorgradetheirownpapersasyousharethecorrect
answers.Itislikelythatmanystudentswillhavedonepoorly.Askstudentsthefollowingdiscussion
questions:
• Didyoupassthequiz?
• Didyouthinkitwasadifficultquiz?Whyorwhynot?
• Whywasthisquizfrustratingandstressful?
13. Finally,tellstudentsthatthequiztheyjusttookitnotactuallygoingtocountaspartoftheirgrade.
ExplainthatitisasampleliteracytestfromAlabamaandhavestudentsrestatetheirunderstandingof
literacytests,assharedintheopeningvocabularyactivityfromthepreviousdayofclass.Givestudents
additionalinformationregardingliteracytests:
• Atypicaltestconsistedofthree-parts.
• In"PartA"theapplicantwasgivenaselectionoftheConstitutiontoreadaloud.Theregistrarcould
assignyoualongcomplexsectionfilledwithlegaleseandconvolutedsentences,orhecouldtellyouto
readasimpleoneortwosentencesection.TheRegistrarmarkedeachwordhethoughtyou
mispronounced.Insomecasesyouhadtoorallyinterpretthesectiontotheregistrar'ssatisfaction.
YouthenhadtoeithercopyoutbyhandasectionoftheConstitution,orwriteitdownfromdictation
astheregistrarspoke(mumbled)it.Whiteapplicantsusuallywereallowedtocopy,Blackapplicants
usuallyhadtotakedictation.TheRegistrarthenjudgedwhetheryouwereableto"readandwrite,"or
ifyouwere"illiterate."
• InParts"B"and"C,"youhadtoanswertwodifferentsetsoffourwrittenquestionseach.Part"B"was
4questionsbasedontheexcerptyouhadwrittendown.Part"C"consistedof4"generalknowledge"
questionsaboutstateandnationalgovernment.
• Yourapplicationwasthenreviewedbythethree-memberBoardofRegistrars—ofteninsecretata
laterdate.Theyvotedonwhetherornotyoupassed.ItwasentirelyuptothejudgmentoftheBoard
whetheryoupassedorfailed.Ifyouwerewhiteandmissedeverysinglequestiontheycouldstillpass
youif—intheirsolejudgment—youwere"qualified."IfyouwereBlackandgoteveryonecorrect,
theycouldstillflunkyouiftheyconsideredyou"unqualified."(Source:
http://www.crmvet.org/info/lithome.htm)
• ExplaintostudentsthatliteracytestswereusedinourownstateofNorthCarolinatodenyAfrican
Americanstherighttovotewithoutviolatingthe15thAmendment.Thereasoningwasthatpeople
werebeingdeniedtherighttovotebecausetheycouldnotpassatest,notbecauseofaperson’s
“race,color,orpreviousconditionofservitude.”Somewhitemaleswereilliterateandcouldnotpass
thetests;thisproblemwassolvedwitha‘grandfatherclause”whichallowedpeoplewhose
grandfather’svotedbefore1867tovoteiftheydidnotpassthetests.AfricanAmericanswereexempt
fromgrandfatherclausesbecausetheirancestorscouldnotvoteinNorthCarolinabefore1867(the
endoftheCivilWar).
Discuss(teachersmaywanttohavestudentsfirstreviewtheirwebquest/jigsawhandoutfromthe
previousclass):
• Canyouimaginehowitwouldfeelifyouwereforcedtotakealiteracytestanddeniedtherightto
votebasedonthisunfairpractice?(Allowstudentstosharetheirfeelings,discussinghowinactuality,
itisdifficultforustoreallyimagineorunderstandsuchinjustice.)
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•
•
•
•
•
•
Whendidthetransitionhappenthatvotingbecamelessimportanttopeople?Meaning,youjust
notedhowangryorfrustratedyouwouldbeifdeniedtherighttovoteinthisway,yetbecausewe
havetheright,wedon’tutilizeit.Whatdoesthissayaboutsociety?
Whatdidittaketogetliteracytests,grandfatherclauses,andotherunjustlawsandpractices
eradicated?
WhatyeardidNorthCarolinapassconstitutionalamendmentsthatincludedtheuseofliteracytests
andgrandfatherclauses?(1900)
Whydoyouthinktheselawswerepassedin1900?(TellstudentstorememberthatAfricanAmericans
weregrantedtheabilitytovoteunderthe1868NCConstitution.Southern“redeemer”governments
cametopowerafterReconstructionended.WithouttheFederalGovernmentlookingovertheir
shoulder,theywantedtoreturntheSouthtoalifestylesimilartoonebeforetheCivilWar.)
WhenwereliteracytestsandgrandfatherclausesmadeunconstitutionalintheUnitedStates?
o GrandfatherClauses–1915–Guinnv.UnitedStates
o LiteracyTests–1965–VotingRightsActof1965
o TeacherscanpointoutthefactthatthecurrentNCConstitutionstillhasaliteracytestrequirement
forvoting,butitisnullandvoidbecauseoftheSupremacyClause.
OptionalActivity:Passoutparts“B”and“C”oftheliteracytest(attached).Allowthestudentsafew
minutestoreadoverandcompleteparts“B”and“C.”Whenthestudentshavefinished,reviewthe
answersasaclass.Answerkeyisattached.
ProposedVotingAmendmentsOpinionPoll
16. Beforestartingthisactivity,designatefiveareasoftheroomforstudentstostand.Eachareashouldhave
oneofthefollowingdesignations:stronglyapprove,approve,neutral,disapprove,andstrongly
disapprove.Nextexplaintostudentsthattheyareparticipantsinastatewidepollthatistryingtogauge
thepublic’ssupportforproposedNCConstitutionalamendments.Theywilllistentotheproposed
amendmentandthenmovetotheareaoftheroomthatexpressestheiropiniononthesubject.After
eachamendment,withstudentsremainingintheirchosenarea,allowvolunteerstoexplainwhytheyfeel
thewaytheydo.Oncediscussionhaswaned,continuetothenextamendmentandrepeattheprocess.
Remindstudentstheexpectationsforrespectfulparticipationandsafemovementaroundtheclassroom
beforebeginning.(Optionally,teachersmaychooseonestudenttorecordtheclass’responsesforeach
amendmentontheboard.)
• ProposedAmendments:
o A“politicalliteracytest”isbeingproposedasavotingrequirementinNC.Everyeligiblevoter
wouldhavetotakeashortquizaboutthecandidates’positionsintheelectionbeforebeing
allowedtovote.Howdoyoufeelaboutthisproposedamendment?
o Duetothesetougheconomictimes,apolltaxamendmentisbeingreviewedinordertoincrease
muchneededrevenueforthestate.Everyeligiblevoterwillberequiredtopayapolltaxthatisno
lessthanonedollarbutnomorethanfivedollars.Thiswouldbringinanestimatedtwohundred
milliondollarsfortheState.Howdoyoufeelaboutthisamendment?
o Ithasbeendeterminedthatteenagersaretoouninvolved,immature,andunawareofthepolitical
process.Eventhoughpeopleinthepasthavefoughtanddiedfortherighttovote,youngpeople
aren’tturningouttovoteanyway.Thus,itisproposedthatthevotingageberaisedtoage21.
Howdoyoufeelaboutthisproposedamendment?
o NorthCarolinawantstopassanamendmentthatvotinginourstateisrequired.Ifyoudonot
showupandvoteinlocal,state,andnationalelections,youwillbefinedandpossiblejailed.
Shouldvotingbearequirement?Howdoyoufeelaboutthisproposedamendment?
OptionalCulminatingActivity:ProposedAmendmentorSuffragePosters
17. Postalloftheproposedamendmentsfromthepreviousactivityontheboard.Alloweachstudentto
chooseoneofthethreeamendments.Eitherasanin-classorhomeworkactivity,theirtaskistochoosea
stanceontheamendmentandtocreateaposterthatsupportstheirstance.Optionally,studentscanbe
toldtocreateanhistoricalsuffrageposter.StudentswouldchooseayearduringwhichAfricanAmericans
6
wereunabletovoteandcreateaposteradvocatingfortheirrighttovote.Thepostershouldbedesigned
asifitwereanartifactfromthatyearinhistory.Thepostersshouldbecreative,realisticandinformative.
Gradethemusingtheattachedrubric.
18. Onceallofthestudentshavefinishedcreatingtheirposters,allowafewstudentstovolunteertoshare
theirposters.Whenstudentshavefinishedpresenting,hangthepostersaroundtheclassroomor
throughouttheschool.
AdditionalActivities
• HavestudentsresearchpoliticalcartoonsthatdealwithAfricanAmericansvoting.Thenallowthemto
createtheirownpoliticalcartoonabouttheissue.
Resources
• Constitutionof1776:http://docsouth.unc.edu/unc/uncbk1017/uncbk1017.html
• ConstitutionalConventionof1835:http://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/conv1835/conv1835.html
• JournaloftheConstitutionalConventionoftheStateofNorth-Carolina,atItsSession1868:
http://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/conv1868/conv1868.html
• SampleLiteracyTest:http://college.cengage.com/history/us/resources/students/primary/voting.htm
• VeteransoftheCivilRightsMovement:SampleLiteracyTest:http://www.crmvet.org/info/lithome.htm
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Name________________________________________ Date___________________
WEBQUEST:AfricanAmericanVotingRightsandNorthCarolina’sConstitution
Directions:YourtaskistoresearchthechangesmadetotheNorthCarolinaConstitutioninregardstoAfrican
Americanvotingrightsusingprimarysources.Toanswerthequestions,usethelinksorhandoutsprovided.
NCConstitutionof1776:http://docsouth.unc.edu/unc/uncbk1017/uncbk1017.html
1. Readpages8&9.Whatarticle(s)dealswithvotingrights?
2. WhatarethevotingrequirementstovoteforSenators?
3. WhatarethevotingrequirementstovoteformembersoftheHouseofCommons?
4. Listthepeopleyouthinkareexcludedfromvoting.
NCConstitutionalConventionof1835:http://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/conv1835/conv1835.html
5. Readpage22.WhatresolutiondidMr.Shoberpropose?WhatresolutiondidMr.Moreheadpropose?
(Summarizeinyourownwords.)
Shober’sResolution:
Morehead’sResolution:
6. Skimpage23.Whatresolutionwasadopted?
NCConstitutionalConventionof1868:http://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/conv1868/conv1868.html#p232
7. Gotopage233.Whataretherequirementsforsuffrage?
8. Howdotheydifferfromthe1776Constitutionandthe1835ConstitutionalAmendments?
8
9. Whoiseligibleforpublicoffice?
10. Whoisdisqualified?
15thAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution
11. Whenwasthe15thAmendmentratified?WhatisthisperiodofAmericanhistorycalled?
12. Whatwasthepurposeofthe15thAmendmenttotheUSConstitution?Howdiditachievethispurpose?
14. Howdidthe15thAmendmentimpacttheNCConstitution?
NorthCarolinaConstitutionalAmendmentsof1900:
http://core.ecu.edu/umc/Wilmington/scans/ticketThree/articleSix.pdf
13. ReadSection4.Inyourownwords,whattwothingsmustapersondobeforebeingabletoregisterto
vote?
14. Inyourownwordssummarizethefirstparagraphofsection5.Whatisthistypeofclausecalled?
15. Explainhowsections4&5intendedtokeepAfricanAmericansfromvoting?
GuinnvUnitedStates:https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/238/347/case.html
16. Scrolldownandreadtheparagraphthatstarts“Thiscaseisbeforeusonacertificate……”Whatwere
Oklahomaofficialsaccusedofdoing?
9
17. Scrolldownandreadtheparagraphthatstarts,“’Butnopersonwhowas,onJanuary1st,1866…..”
SummarizethemeaningoftheOklahomalawinoneortwosentences.(Hint:Ifyouarehavingtrouble
understandingthelanguage,thinkofquestion15above.)
18. Readtheparagraphdirectlybelowthepreviousone.Itstarts“Wehavedifficulty…”Accordingtothe
SupremeCourt,howdoestheOklahomalawdisenfranchisesomepeoplewithoutmentioningraceor
color?
19. Readtheparagraphthatstarts,“Notimeneedbespent….”AccordingtotheSupremeCourt,areliteracy
testsvalidandlegal?Why?
VotingRightsActof1965:http://archive.fairvote.org/?page=1327
20. WhatisthepurposeoftheVotingRightsAct?
21. ReadSection4cand4d.Whatimpedimentstovotingdoesthissectioneliminate?
22. Readsection10aand10b.Whatimpedimentstovotingdoesthissectioneliminate?
NorthCarolinaConstitutionof1971:http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/Legislation/constitution/article6.html
23. WhomayvoteinNorthCarolina?
24. WhoisbarredfromvotinginNorthCarolina?
25. HowdidGuinnvUnitedStatesandtheVotingRightsActof1965affectNorthCarolinalaw?Whatclause
oftheUSConstitutionmadethispossible?
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Name________________________________________
JigSaw,Page1
Date___________________
JIGSAW:AfricanAmericanVotingRightsandNorthCarolina’sConstitution
Directions:YourtaskistouseprimaryresourcestoresearchthechangesmadetotheNorthCarolina
ConstitutioninregardstoAfricanAmericanvotingrights.YouwillalsoberesearchinghowtheFederal
GovernmentandNorthCarolina’sGovernmentrelatetooneanother.
• Inyourgroup,readaloudthedocumentassignedtoyou.Asyouread,underlineimportantpointsor
thingsyoufindinteresting.Boxanywordsyouareunfamiliarwith.Writecommentsandquestionsthat
youhaveinthemarginofthedocument.
• Findthesetofquestionsbelowthatcorrespondswiththedocumentyourgroupwasgiven.Answerthe
questionsasagroupusingthedocument.Someofthequestionswillrequireinformationfromtheother
groups;youcanholdoffonansweringthosequestionsuntillaterintheactivity.
• Itisimportantyourgroupworkcarefullyandensureyoufindthecorrectanswerstothequestions,since
eachofyouwillbesplittingupintonewgroupsinthesecondpartofthisactivity.Inyournewgroup,you
willberesponsibleforteachingotherstudentsaboutthedocumentyouread,aswellasprovidingthem
withtheanswerstoyoursetofquestions.
• Likewise,themembersofyoursecondgroupwillteachyoutheanswerstoalltheotherquestionsonthis
handout.Asstudentspresent,ensureyoulistencarefullyandfilloutyoursheet.
Constitutionof1776:
1. Readpages8&9.Whatarticle(s)dealswithvotingrights?
2. WhatarethevotingrequirementstovoteforSenators?
3. WhatarethevotingrequirementstovoteformembersoftheHouseofCommons?
4. Listpeopleyouthinkareexcludedfromvoting.
ConstitutionalConventionof1835:
5. Readpage22.WhatresolutiondidMr.Shoberpropose?WhatresolutiondidMr.Moreheadpropose?
(Summarizeinyourownwords.)
Shober’sResolution:
Morehead’sResolution:
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JigSaw,Page2
6. Skimpage23.Whatresolutionwasadopted?
ConstitutionalConventionof1868:
7. Gotopage233.Whataretherequirementsforsuffrage?
8. Howdotheydifferfromthe1776Constitution?The1835ConstitutionalAmendments?
9. Whoiseligibleforpublicoffice?
10. Whoisdisqualified?
15thAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution:
11. Whenwasthe15thAmendmentratified?WhatisthisperiodofAmericanhistorycalled?
12. Whatwasthepurposeofthe15thAmendment?
13. Howdidthe15thAmendmentimpacttheNCConstitution
NorthCarolinaConstitutionalAmendmentsof1900:
14. ReadSection4.Inyourownwords,whattwothingsmustapersondobeforebeingabletoregisterto
vote?
15. Inyourownwordssummarizethefirstparagraphofsection5.Whatisthistypeofclausecalled?
12
JigSaw,Page3
16. Explainhowsections4&5intendedtokeepAfricanAmericansfromvoting?
GuinnvUnitedStates:
17. Readtheparagraphthatstarts“Thiscaseisbeforeusonacertificate……”WhatwereOklahomaofficials
accusedofdoing?
18. Readtheparagraphthatstarts,“’Butnopersonwhowas,onJanuary1st,1866…..”Summarizethemeaning
oftheOklahomalawinoneortwosentences.(Hint:Ifyouarehavingtroubleunderstandingthelanguage,
thinkofquestion15above)
19. Readtheparagraphthatstarts,“Notimeneedbespent….”AccordingtotheSupremeCourt,areliteracy
testsvalidandlegal?Why?
VotingRightsActof1965:
20. WhatisthepurposeoftheVotingRightsAct?
21. ReadSection4cand4d.Whatimpedimentstovotingdoesthissectioneliminate?
22. Readsection10aand10b.Whatimpedimentstovotingdoesthissectioneliminate?
NorthCarolinaConstitutionof1971:
23. WhomayvoteinNorthCarolina?
24. WhoisbarredfromvotinginNorthCarolina?
25. HowdidGuinnvUnitedStatesandtheVotingRightsActof1965affectNorthCarolinalaw?Whatclause
oftheUSConstitutionmadethispossible?
13
HistoryofNorthCarolina’sConstitutionWebQuest/JigsawAnswerKey
Constitutionof1776:http://docsouth.unc.edu/unc/uncbk1017/uncbk1017.html
1. Readpages8&9.Whatarticle(s)dealswithvotingrights?
• SectionVIIandVIII
2. WhatarethevotingrequirementstovoteforSenators?
• Freeman(doesn’tspecifyrace)
• Liveincounty/stateforoneyearbefore
election
• TwentyOneyearsold
• Ownland(atleast50acres)
3. WhatarethevotingrequirementstovoteformembersoftheHouseofCommons?
• Freeman(doesn’tspecifyrace)
• Liveinanycounty/stateforoneyearbefore
election
• TwentyOneyearsold
• Paypublictaxes
4. Listpeopleyouthinkareexcludedfromvoting.
• Women
• Peoplewhodon’townland
• Slaves
• Non-citizens(NativeAmerican
Indians)
• Peopleunder21
ConstitutionalConventionof1835:http://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/conv1835/conv1835.html
5. Readpage22.WhatresolutiondidMr.Shoberpropose?WhatresolutiondidMr.Moreheadpropose?
(Summarizeinyourownwords.)
Shober’sResolution:
• "thatfreenegroesandmulattoeswithinfourdegreesinclusive,bedeprivedoftheprivilegeof
votingformembersoftheSenateandHouseofCommonsinthisState."
Morehead’sResolution:
• "allfreenegroesandmulattoes,withinthefourthdegree,shallbeexcludedfromvotingfor
membersoftheSenate.Thatallfreenegroesandmulattoesoftheageoftwenty-oneyears,who
havebeeninhabitantsofanyonecountywithintheStatetwelvemonthsimmediatelypreceding
thedayofelection,andpossessedofafreeholdwithinthesamecountyofthevalueofdollars,
forsixmonthsnextbeforeandatthedayofelection,andshallnothavebeenconvictedofany
infamouscrimeoroffence,shallbeentitledtovoteformembersoftheHouseofCommons.”
6. Skimpage23.Whatresolutionwasadopted?
• Shober’sresolutionwasadopteddenyingallAfrican-Americansandmenofmixedracethe
abilitytovote.
ConstitutionalConventionof1868:http://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/conv1868/conv1868.html#p232
7. Gotopage233.Whataretherequirementsforsuffrage?
• Male
• Liveinstatefor12months
• UScitizen(bornornaturalized)
• Liveincountyforthreemonths
• 21yearsorolder
8. Howdothe1835and1868suffragerequirementsdiffer?
• Thereisnomentionofraceinthe1868Constitution
9. Whoiseligibleforpublicoffice?
14
•
Everyvoter
10. Whoisdisqualified?
• PeoplewhodenytheexistenceofGod
• Convictedoftreason,felony,perjury,corruption
15thAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution
11. Whenwasthe15thAmendmentratified?WhatisthisperiodofAmericanhistorycalled?
• February3rd,1870
• Reconstruction
12. Whatwasthepurposeofthe15thAmendment?Howdiditachievethispurpose?
• ToprotectthevotingrightsofAmericans,specificallyformerslaves.
• Sayingthat“TherightofcitizensoftheUnitedStatestovoteshallnotbedeniedorabridgedby
theUnitedStatesorbyanyStateonaccountofrace,color,orpreviousconditionofservitude.”
13. Howdidthe15thAmendmentimpacttheNCConstitution?
• Itmadeanyracebasedrestrictionsonvotingnullandvoid.
NorthCarolinaConstitutionalAmendmentsof1900:
http://core.ecu.edu/umc/Wilmington/scans/ticketThree/articleSix.pdf
14. ReadSection4.Whattwothingsmustapersondobeforebeingabletoregistertovote?
• ReadandwriteasectionoftheConstitutioninEnglish
• Paytheirpolltax
15. Inyourownwordssummarizethefirstparagraphofsection5.Whatisthistypeofclausecalled?
• Ifyoucannotreadandwriteorpayyourpolltax,youmaystillvoteifyouhadarelativethatwas
eligibletovotebeforeJanuary1,1867.
• Grandfatherclause
16. Explainhowsections4&5intendedtokeepAfricanAmericansfromvoting?
• Section4:LiterateAfricanAmericanscouldbegivendifficultpassagesoftheConstitutionandif
theymadeanymistakestheywouldbedeniedthevote.ManypoorAfricanAmericanscould
notaffordapolltaxinordertovote.
• Section5:Accordingtothelawfrom1835–1868,noAfricanAmericanscouldvoteinNorth
Carolina.Asaresult,theycouldnotbe“grandfatheredin”forfailingaliteracytestand/ornot
payingapolltax.
GuinnvUnitedStates:http://afroamhistory.about.com/library/blguinn_v_us.htm
17. Scrolldownandreadtheparagraphthatstarts“Thiscaseisbeforeusonacertificate……”
WhatwereOklahomaofficialsaccusedofdoing?
• DeprivingAfricanAmericansoftheirrighttovotebecauseoftheirrace
18. Scrolldownandreadtheparagraphthatstarts,“’Butnopersonwhowas,onJanuary1st,1866…..”
SummarizethemeaningoftheOklahomalawinonesentence.(Hint:Ifyouarehavingtrouble
understandingthelanguage,thinkofquestion15above)
• ItisagrandfatherclausethatdeniesAfricanAmericanstherighttovote.
19. Readtheparagraphthatstarts,“Notimeneedbespent….”
AccordingtotheSupremeCourt,areliteracytestsvalidandlegal?Why?
15
•
Literacytestsarevalidandlegalbecausetheydonotdiscriminateagainstaparticulargroupof
people.Theirviewisthatifyouwanttovote,learnhowtoreadandwrite.
VotingRightsActof1965:http://www.fairvote.org/?page=1327
20. WhatisthepurposeoftheVotingRightsAct?
• Toenforcethe15thAmendment
• ProtectvotingrightsofallAmericans
• ProtectvotingrightsofAfrican
Americans
21. ReadSection4cand4d.Whatimpedimentstovotingdoesthissectioneliminate?
• Literacytests
22. Readsection10aand10b.Whatimpedimentstovotingdoesthissectioneliminate?PollTaxes
NorthCarolinaConstitutionof1971:http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/Legislation/constitution/article6.html
23. WhomayvoteinNorthCarolinatoday?
• AnypersonbornornaturalizedintheUnitedStates,whoisatleast18yearsold.
24. WhoisbarredfromvotinginNorthCarolina?
• Felons
• Non-residentsofNorthCarolina
25. HowdidGuinnvUnitedStatesandtheVotingRightsActof1965affectNorthCarolinalaw?What
clausemakesthispossible?
• TheGuinnrulingandtheVotingRightsActwerebothmadeattheFederalLevelandunderthe
SupremacyClauseoftheConstitution,Federallawtrumpsstatelaw.
16
Name:_____________________________________
Date__________________
(Side1)
VotingandtheConstitutionQuiz
Directions:Readparts1,2,and3quietlytoyourself.Whenyouhavefinishedreading,turnyour
paperovertoside2andanswerthequestionsontheback.Onceyouhaveturnedyourpaperoverto
side2,youMAYNOTturnitbacktoside1.
Part1.Incaseoftheremovalofthepresidentfromoffice,orofhisdeath,resignationorinabilityto
dischargethepowersanddutiesofthesaidoffice,thesameshalldevolveontheVice-President,and
theCongressmaybylawprovideforthecaseofremoval,death.Resignationorinability,bothofthe
PresidentandVice-President,declaringwhatofficershallthenactasPresident,andsuchofficershall
actaccordingly,untilthedisabilityberemoved,oraPresidentshallbeelected.
Part2.Inallcasesaffectingambassadors,otherpublicministersandconsuls,andthoseinwhicha
stateshallbeaparty,theSupremeCourtshallhaveoriginaljurisdiction
Part3.Inalltheothercasesbeforementioned,thesupremecourtshallhaveappellatejurisdiction
bothastolawandfact,withsuchexceptions,andundersuchregulationsastheCongressshallmake.
Part4.Neitherslaverynorinvoluntaryservitude,exceptasapunishmentforcrimewhereoftheparty
shallhavebeendulyconvicted,shallexistwithintheUnitedStates,oranyplacesubjecttotheir
jurisdiction
(Side2–YoumayNOTturnyourpaperbackovertoSide1)
(Afterapplicanthasread,notaloud,theforegoingexcerptsfromtheConstitution,hewillanswerthe
followingquestionsinwritingandwithoutassistance)
1. Incasethepresidentisunabletoperformthedutiesofhisoffice,whoassumesthem?
____________________________________________________________________________
2. “Involuntaryservitude”ispermittedintheUnitedStatesuponconvictionofacrime.
(TrueorFalse)___________
3. Ifastateisapartytoacase,theConstitutionprovidesthatoriginaljurisdictionshallbein:
____________________________________________________________________________
4. CongresspasseslawsregulatingcaseswhichareincludedinthoseoverwhichtheUnited
StatesSupremeCourthas________________________________________________
jurisdiction.
IherebycertifythatIhavereceivednoassistanceinthecompletionofthiscitizenshipandliteracy
test,thatIwasallowedthetimeIdesiredtocompleteit,andthatIwaiveanyrightexistingto
demandacopyofsame.(Ifforanyreasontheapplicantdoesnotwishtosignthis,hemustdiscuss
thematterwiththeboardofregistrars.)
Signed:___________________________________________
VotingandtheConstitutionQuizAnswerKey
1. Incasethepresidentisunabletoperformthedutiesofhisoffice,whoassumesthem?The
VicePresident
2. “Involuntaryservitude”ispermittedintheUnitedStatesuponconvictionofacrime.(Trueor
False)True
3. Ifastateisapartytoacase,theConstitutionprovidesthatoriginaljurisdictionshallbeinthe
SupremeCourt
4. CongresspasseslawsregulatingcaseswhichareincludedinthoseoverwhichtheUnited
StatesSupremeCourthasappellatejurisdiction.
SampleAlabamaLiteracyTest-“B”
1. WhatbodycantryimpeachmentsofthepresidentoftheUnitedStates?
_______________________________________________________
2.Checktheapplicabledefinitionforresponsibility:
_____aduty
_____aspeech
_____failure
3.NametheattorneygeneraloftheUnitedStates.
_______________________________________________________
4.WomenmaynowserveonjuriesinAlabamastatecourts.
_______________________________________________________
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SampleAlabamaLiteracyTest-“B”
1. Ifapersonchargedwithtreasondenieshisguilt,howmanypersonsmusttestifyagainsthim
beforehecanbeconvicted?
_______________________________________________________
2.AtwhattimeofdayonJanuary20eachfouryearsdoesthetermofthepresidentoftheUnited
Statesend?
_______________________________________________________
3.Ifthepresidentdoesnotwishtosignabill,howmanydaysisheallowedinwhichtoreturnitto
Congressforreconsideration?
_______________________________________________________
4.IfabillispassedbyCongressandthepresidentrefusestosignitanddoesnotsenditbackto
Congressinsessionwithinthespecifiedperiodoftime,isthebilldefeatedordoesitbecomelaw?
_______________________________________________________
SampleAlabamaLiteracyTestAnswerKey
“B”
1.WhatbodycantryimpeachmentsofthepresidentoftheUnitedStates?Senate
2.Checktheapplicabledefinitionforresponsibility:aduty
3.NametheattorneygeneraloftheUnitedStates.
Asofthiswriting–EricHolder
Atthetimethetestwaswritten–NicholasKatzenbach
4.WomenmaynowserveonjuriesinAlabamastatecourts.True
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
“C”
1. Ifapersonchargedwithtreasondenieshisguilt,howmanypersonsmusttestifyagainsthim
beforehecanbeconvicted?Two
2.AtwhattimeofdayonJanuary20eachfouryearsdoesthetermofthepresidentoftheUnited
Statesend?
12noon
3.Ifthepresidentdoesnotwishtosignabill,howmanydaysisheallowedinwhichtoreturnitto
Congressforreconsideration?Ten
4.IfabillispassedbyCongressandthepresidentrefusestosignitanddoesnotsenditbackto
Congressinsessionwithinthespecifiedperiodoftime,isthebilldefeatedordoesitbecomelaw?
ItbecomeslawunlessCongressadjournsbeforetheexpirationof10days.
Guinnv.UnitedStates
Directions:UsetheexcerptsfromGuinnvUStoanswerthequestionsonyourAfricanAmerican
votingrightsworksheet.
Excerpt1:
Thiscaseisbeforeusonacertificatedrawnbythecourtbelowasthebasisoftwoquestionswhich
aresubmittedforoursolutioninordertoenablethecourtcorrectlytodecideissuesinacasewhichit
hasunderconsideration.Thoseissuesarosefromanindictmentandconvictionofcertainelection
officersofthestateofOklahoma(theplaintiffsinerror)ofthecrimeofhavingconspiredunlawfully,
willfully,andfraudulentlytodeprivecertainnegrocitizens,onaccountoftheirraceandcolor,ofa
righttovoteatageneralelectionheldinthatstatein1910,theybeingentitledtovoteunderthe
statelaw,andwhichrightwassecuredtothembythe15thAmendmenttotheConstitutionofthe
UnitedStates.[……]
Excerpt2:
ThestandardofJanuary1,1866,fixedinthesuffrageamendmentanditssignificance.
Theinquiry,ofcourse,hereis,Doestheamendmentastotheparticularstandardwhichthisheading
embracesinvolvethemererefusaltocomplywiththecommandsofthe15thAmendmentas
previouslystated?Thisleadsus,forthepurposeoftheanalysis,torecurtothetextofthesuffrage
amendment.Itsopeningsentencefixestheliteracystandardwhichisallinclusive,sinceitisgeneralin
itsexpressionandcontainsnowordofdiscriminationonaccountofraceorcolororanyotherreason.
This,however,isimmediatelyfollowedbytheprovisionscreatingthestandardbaseduponthe
conditionexistingonJanuary1,1866,andcarvingoutthosecomingunderthatstandardfromthe
inclusionintheliteracytestwhichwouldhavecontrolledthembutfortheexclusionthusexpressly
providedfor.Theprovisionisthis:
‘Butnopersonwhowas,onJanuary1st,1866,oratanytimepriorthereto,entitledtovote
underanyformof
government,orwhoatthattimeresidedinsomeforeignnation,andnolinealdescendantof
suchperson,shall
bedeniedthatrighttoregisterandvotebecauseofhisinabilitytosoreadandwritesections
ofsuchConstitution.’
Wehavedifficultyinfindingwordstomoreclearlydemonstratetheconvictionweentertainthatthis
standardhasthecharacteristicswhichthegovernmentattributestoitthandoesthemerestatement
ofthetext.Itistrueitcontainsnoexpresswordsofanexclusionfromthestandardwhichit
establishesofanypersononaccountofrace,color,orpreviousconditionofservitude,prohibitedby
thethe15thAmendment,butthestandarditselfinherentlybringsthatresultintoexistencesinceitis
based[238U.S.347,365]purelyuponaperiodoftimebeforetheenactmentofthe15th
Amendment,andmakesthatperiodthecontrollinganddominanttestoftherightofsuffrage.In
otherwords,weseekinvainforanygroundwhichwouldsustainanyotherinterpretationbutthat
theprovision,recurringtotheconditionsexistingbeforethe15thAmendmentwasadoptedandthe
continuanceofwhichthe15thAmendmentprohibited,proposedbyinsubstanceandeffectlifting
thoseconditionsovertoaperiodoftimeaftertheAmendment,tomakethemthebasisoftheright
tosuffrageconferredindirectandpositivedisregardofthe15thAmendment.Andthesameresult,
weareofopinion,isdemonstratedbyconsideringwhetheritispossibletodiscoveranybasisof
reasonforthestandardthusfixedotherthanthepurposeabovestated.Wesaythisbecauseweare
unabletodiscoverhow,unlesstheprohibitionsofthe15thAmendmentwereconsidered,the
slightestreasonwasaffordedforbasingtheclassificationuponaperiodoftimepriortothe15th
Amendment.Certainlyitcannotbesaidthattherewasanypeculiarnecromancyinthetimenamed
whichengenderedattributesaffectingthequalificationtovotewhichwouldnotexistatanotherand
differentperiodunlessthe15thAmendmentwasinview.[…]
Excerpt3:
Notimeneedbespentonthequestionofthevalidityoftheliteracytest,consideredalone,since,as
wehaveseen,itestablishmentwasbuttheexercisebythestateofalawfulpowervestedinit,not
subjecttooursupervision,and,indeed,itsvalidityisadmitted.Whetherthistestissoconnectedwith
theotheronerelatingtothesituationonJanuary1,1866,thattheinvalidityofthelatterrequiresthe
rejectionoftheformer,isreallyaquestionofstatelaw;but,intheabsenceofanydecisiononthe
subjectbythesupremecourtofthestate,wemustdetermineitforourselves.Weareofopinionthat
neitherformsofclassificationnormethodsofenumerationshouldbemadethebasisofstriking
downaprovisionwhichwasindependentlylegal,andthereforewaslawfullyenacted,becauseofthe
removalofanillegalprovisionwithwhichthelegalprovisionorprovisionsmayhavebeenassociated.
Westatewhatweholdtobetherulethusstronglybecauseweareofopinionthatonasubjectlike
theoneunderconsideration,involvingtheestablishmentofarightwhoseexerciseliesatthevery
basisofgovernment,amuchmoreexactingstandardisrequiredthanwouldordinarilyobtainwhere
theinfluenceofthedeclaredunconstitutionalityofoneprovisionofastatuteuponanotherand
constitutionalprovisionisrequiredtobefixed.[…]
NorthCarolinaConstitutionof1776
We,therepresentativesoftheFreemenofNorthCarolina,chosenandassembledinCongress,fortheexpress
purposeofframingaConstitution,undertheAuthorityofthepeople,mostconducivetotheirHappinessand
prosperity,dodeclare,thataGovernmentforthisStateshallbeestablishedinMannerandFormfollowing,to
wit,
ArticleVI.
ThatthelegislativeAuthorityshallbevestedintwodistinctBranches,
bothdependentonthePeople,towit,aSenate,andHouseof
Commons.
II.ThattheSenateshallbecomposedofRepresentativesannuallychosenbyBallot,oneforeachCountyin
theState.
III.ThattheHouseofCommonsshallbecomposedofRepresentativesannuallychosenbyBallot,twofor
eachCounty,andoneforeachoftheTownsofEdenton,Newbern,Wilmington,Salisbury,Hillsborough,and
Halifax.
IV.ThattheSenateandhouseofCommons,assembledforthePurposeofLegislation,shallbe
denominatedtheGeneralAssembly.
V.ThateachmemberoftheSenateshallhaveusuallyresidedintheCountyinwhichheischosenforone
YearimmediatelyprecedinghisElection,andforthesameTimeshallhavepossessed,andcontinuetopossess,
intheCountywhichherepresents,notlessthanthreeHundredAcresofLandinFee.
VI.ThateachMemberoftheHouseofCommonsshallhaveusuallyresidedintheCountyinwhichheis
chosenforoneYearimmediatelyprecedinghisElection,andforsixMonthsshallhavepossessed,andcontinue
topossess,intheCountywhichherepresents,notlessthanOneHundredAcresofLandinFee,orfortheTerm
ofhisownLife.
VII.ThatallFreemenoftheAgeofTwentyOne
Years,whohavebeenInhabitantsofanyoneCountywithintheStatetwelveMonthsimmediatelypreceding
theDayofanyElection,andpossessedofaFreeholdwithinthesameCountyofFiftyAcresofLandforsix
Monthsnextbefore,andattheDayofElection,shallbeentitledtovoteforaMemberoftheSenate.
VIII.ThatallFreemenoftheAgeofTwentyOneYears,whohavebeenInhabitantsofanyCountywithin
theStatetwelveMonthsimmediatelyprecedingtheDayofanyElection,andshallhavepaidPublicTaxes,shall
beentitledtovoteforMembersoftheHouseofCommonsfortheCountyinwhichheresides.
IX.ThatallPersonspossessedofaFreeholdinanyTowninthisState,havingaRightofRepresentationand
alsoallFreemenwhohavebeenInhabitantsofanysuchTowntwelveMonthsnextbefore,andatthedayof
Election,andshallhavepaidPublicTaxes,shallbeentitledtovoteforaMembertorepresentsuchtowninthe
HouseofCommons.Providedalways,ThatthisSectionshallnotentitleanyInhabitantofsuchtowntovotefor
MembersoftheHouseofCommonsfortheCountyinwhichhemayreside,noranyFreeholderinsuchCounty
whoresideswithout,orbeyondtheLimitsofsuchTown,tovoteforaMemberforsaidTown.
Source:http://docsouth.unc.edu/unc/uncbk1017/uncbk1017.html
FifteenthAmendment
Section1.TherightofcitizensoftheUnitedStatestovoteshallnotbedeniedorabridgedbythe
UnitedStatesorbyanyStateonaccountofrace,color,orpreviousconditionofservitude.
Section2.TheCongressshallhavepowertoenforcethisarticlebyappropriatelegislation.
History
TheFifteenthAmendment(AmendmentXV)totheUnitedStatesConstitutionprohibitseach
governmentintheUnitedStatesfromdenyingacitizentherighttovotebasedonthatcitizen’s“race,
color,orpreviousconditionofservitude”(i.e.,slavery).ItwasratifiedonFebruary3,1870.
TheFifteenthAmendmentisthethirdoftheReconstructionAmendments.Thisamendmentprohibits
thestatesandthefederalgovernmentfromusingacitizen’srace,[1]colororpreviousstatusasaslave
asavotingqualification.Itsbasicpurposewastoenfranchiseformerslaves.Whilesomestateshad
permittedthevotetoformerslavesevenbeforetheratificationoftheConstitution,thisrightwas
rare,notalwaysenforcedandoftenunderattack.TheNorthCarolinaSupremeCourtupheldthisright
offreemenofcolortovote;inresponse,amendmentstotheNorthCarolinaConstitutionremoved
therightin1835.[2]Grantingfreemenofcolortherightoftovotecouldbeseenasgivingthemthe
rightsofcitizens,anargumentexplicitlymadebyJusticeCurtis’sdissentinDredScottv.Sandford:
Ofthistherecanbenodoubt.AtthetimeoftheratificationoftheArticlesof
Confederation,allfreenative-borninhabitantsoftheStatesofNewHampshire,
Massachusetts,NewYork,NewJerseyandNorthCarolina,thoughdescendedfromAfrican
slaves,werenotonlycitizensofthoseStates,butsuchofthemashadtheothernecessary
qualificationspossessedthefranchiseofelectors,onequaltermswithothercitizens.[3]
TheoriginalHouseandSenatedraftoftheAmendmentsaidtherighttovoteandtobeacandidate
wouldnotbedeniedorabridgedbytheStatesbasedonrace,colororcreed.[4]Thiswaseventually
omittedduetothedesireamongmanyNorthernRepublicanstoleavetheirownlawslimitingblack
participationingovernmentintact.TheAmendmentdidnotestablishtrueuniversalmalesuffrage
partlybecauseSouthernRepublicanswereafraidtoundermineloyaltytests,whichthe
Reconstructionstategovernmentsusedtolimittheinfluenceofex-Confederates.[5]
ThefirstAfricanAmericantovoteaftertheadoptionofthisamendmentwasThomasMundy
Peterson,whocasthisballotinaschoolboardelectionbeingheldinPerthAmboy,NewJerseyon
March31,1870.[6]Onapercapitaandabsolutebasis,moreblackswereelectedtopoliticaloffice
duringtheperiodfrom1865to1880thanatanyothertimeinAmericanhistory.Althoughnostate
electedablackgovernorduringReconstruction,anumberofstatelegislatureswereeffectivelyunder
thecontrolofasubstantialAfricanAmericancaucus.Theselegislaturesbroughtinprogramsthatare
consideredpartofgovernment’sdutynow,butatthetimewereradical,suchasuniversalpublic
education.Theyalsosetasideallraciallybiasedlaws,includinganti-miscegenationlaws(laws
prohibitinginterracialmarriage).
DespitetheeffortsofgroupsliketheKuKluxKlantointimidateblackvotersandwhiteRepublicans,
assuranceoffederalsupportfordemocraticallyelectedsoutherngovernmentsmeantthatmost
Republicanvoterscouldbothvoteandruleinconfidence.Forexample,whenanall-whitemob
attemptedtotakeovertheinterracialgovernmentofNewOrleans,PresidentUlyssesS.Grantsentin
federaltroopstorestoretheelectedmayor.
However,afterthecloseelectionofRutherfordB.Hayes,inordertomollifytheSouth,heagreedto
withdrawfederaltroops.HealsooverlookedpollviolenceintheDeepSouth,despiteseveral
attemptsbytheRepublicanstopasslawsprotectingtherightsofblackvotersandtopunish
intimidation.AnexampleoftheunwillingnessoftheCongresstotakeanyactionatthistime,isabill
whichwouldonlyhaverequiredincidentsofviolenceatpollingplacestobepublicizedfailedtobe
passed.Withouttherestrictions,votingplaceviolenceagainstblacksandRepublicansincreased,
includinginstancesofmurder.Mostofthiswasdonewithoutanyinterferencebylawenforcement
andoftenevenwiththeircooperation.
Bythe1890s,manySouthernstateshadrigorousvoterqualificationlaws,includingliteracytestsand
polltaxes.Somestatesevenmadeitdifficulttofindaplacetoregistertovote.
Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution
ConstitutionalConventionof1835
SATURDAY,JUNE13,1835.
TheConventionmet,pursuanttoadjournment.PrayerbytheRev.Mr.Jamieson.
OnmotionofMr.Shober,theConventionproceededtoconsidertheamendmentreportedfrom
theCommitteeoftheWhole,towhomwasreferredthe4thResolution,proposingthataCommittee
beappointedtoenquirewhetherany,andifany,whatamendmentsarepropertobemadetothe
Constitutionastotheabrogationorrestrictionoftherightoffreenegroesormulattoestovotefor
membersoftheSenateorHouseofCommons:whichamendmentistostrikeoutallofthesaid
Resolutionaftertheword“Resolved,”andinsertinlieuthereof,“thatfreenegroesandmulattoes
withinfourdegreesinclusive,bedeprivedoftheprivilegeofvotingformembersoftheSenateand
HouseofCommonsinthisState.”
Mr.Moreheadmovedtoamendtheamendmentbystrikingoutallaftertheword“that,”and
inserting“allfreenegroesandmulattoes,withinthefourthdegree,shallbeexcludedfromvotingfor
membersoftheSenate.Thatallfreenegroesandmulattoesoftheageoftwenty-oneyears,who
havebeeninhabitantsofanyonecountywithintheStatetwelvemonthsimmediatelyprecedingthe
dayofelection,andpossessedofafreeholdwithinthesamecountyofthevalueofdollars,forsix
monthsnextbeforeandatthedayofelection,andshallnothavebeenconvictedofanyinfamous
crimeoroffence,shallbeentitledtovoteformembersoftheHouseofCommons.”[…]
SotheConventioncametothefollowingResolution:
Resolved,Thatfreenegroesandmulattoes,withinfourdegreesinclusive,bedeprivedofthe
privilegeofvotingformembersoftheSenateandHouseofCommonsinthisState.
OnmotionofMr.Spaight,ofCraven,thesaidResolutionwasreferredtoaselectCommittee,
withinstructionstodraftanamendmentaccordingly.
Source:http://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/conv1835/conv1835.html
ConstitutionalConventionof1868
ARTICLE--.
SUFFRAGE.
SECTION1.EverymalepersonbornintheUnitedStates,andeverymalepersonwhohasbeen
naturalized,twenty-oneyearsoldorupward,whoshallhaveresidedinthisStatetwelvemonthsnext
preceedingtheelection,andthreemonthsintheCounty,inwhichheofferstovote,shallbedeemed
anelector.
SEC.2.Allelectionsbythepeopleshallbebyballot,andallelectionsbytheGeneralAssembly
shallbevivavoce.
ARTICLE--.
ELIGIBILITYTOOFFICE.
SECTION1.Everyvoter,exceptashereinafterprovided,shallbeeligibletooffice;but,before
enteringuponthedischargeofthedutiesofhisoffice,heshalltakeandsubscribethefollowingoath:
“I,--,dosolemnlyswear(oraffirm,)thatIwillsupportandmaintaintheConstitutionandlawsofthe
UnitedStates,andtheConstitutionandlawsofNorth-Carolina,notinconsistenttherewith,andthatI
willfaithfullydischargethedutiesofmyoffice,SohelpmeGod.”
SEC.2.Thefollowingclassesofpersonsshallbedisqualifiedforoffice:1st,Allpersonswhoshall
denythebeingofAlmightyGod;2d,Allpersonswhoshallhavebeenconvictedoftreason,orshall
havebeenadjudgedguiltyoffelony,perjury,ofanyinfamouscrime,(unlesssuchpersonshallhave
beenfullypardoned,)orofcorruptionormal-practiceinoffice.
Source:http://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/conv1868/conv1868.html#p232
NorthCarolinaConstitutionalAmendmentsof1900
ProposedarticlefortheNorthCarolinaStateConstitution.Theelectionforthis
constitutionalamendmenttookplaceonAugust2,1900.
ArticleVI.SuffrageandEligibilitytoOffice–QualificationsofanElector.
[Section1]EverymalepersonbornintheUnitedStates,andeverymalepersonwhohasbeen
naturalized,21yearsofageandpossessingthequalificationssetoutinthisArticleshallbeentitledto
voteatanyelectionbythepeopleintheState,exceptasherein
otherwiseprovided.
[Sec.2]HeshallhaveresidedintheStateofNorthCarolinafortwoyears,inthecountysixmonths
andintheprecinct,wardorotherelectiondistrict,inwhichheofferstovotefourmonthsnext
precedingtheelection:Provided,Thatremovalfromoneprecinct,wardorotherelectiondistrictto
anotherinthesamecounty,shallnotoperatetodepriveanypersonoftherighttovoteinaprecinct,
wardorotherelectiondistrictfromwhichhehasremoveduntilfourmonthsaftersuchremoval.No
personwhohasbeenconvicted,orwhohasconfessedhisguiltinopencourtuponindictment,ofany
crime,thepunishmentofwhichnowis,ormaythereafterbe,imprisonmentintheStateprison,shall
bepermittedtovoteunlessthesaidpersonshallbefirstrestoredtocitizenshipinthelikemanner
prescribedbylaw.
[Sec.3]Everypersonofferingtovoteshallbeatthetimealegallyregisteredvoterasherein
prescribedandinthemannerhereinafterprovidedbylaw,andtheGeneralAssemblyofNorth
CarolinashallenactgeneralregistrationlawstocarryintoeffecttheprovisionsofthisArticle.
[Sec.4]Everypersonpresentinghimselfforregistrationshallbeabletoreadandwriteanysectionof
theConstitutionintheEnglishlanguage;and,beforeheshallbeentitledtovote,heshallhavepaid,
onorbeforethefirstdayofMarchoftheyearinwhichheproposestovote,hispolltax,as
prescribedbylaw,forthepreviousyear.Polltaxesshallbealienonlyonassessedproperty,andno
processshallissuetoenforcethecollectionofthesameexceptagainstassessedproperty.
[Sec.5]Nomaleperson,whowasonJanuary1,1867,oratanytimepriorthereto,entitledtovote
underthelawsofanyStateintheUnitedStateswhereinhethenresided,andnolinealdescendantof
anysuchperson;shallbedeniedtherighttoregisterandvoteatanyelectioninthisStatebyreason
ofhisfailuretopossesstheeducationalqualificationsprescribedinsection4ofthisArticle:Provided,
HeshallhaveregisteredinaccordancewiththetermsofthissectionpriortoDec.1,1908.
TheGeneralAssemblyshallprovideforapermanentrecordofallpersonswhoregisterunderthis
sectiononorbeforeNovember1,1908,andallsuchpersonsshallbeentitledtoregisterandvoteat
allelectionsbythepeopleinthisState,unlessdisqualifiedundersection2ofthisArticle:Provided
suchpersonsshallhavepaidtheirpolltaxasrequiredbylaw.
[Sec.6]Allelectionsbythepeopleshallbebyballot,andallelectionsbytheGeneralAssemblyshall
bevivavoce.
[Sec.7]EveryvoterinNorthCarolina,exceptasinthisArt.Disqualified,shallbeeligibletooffice,but
beforeenteringuponthedutiesoftheofficeheshalltakeandsubscribethefollowingoath:“I…do
solemnlyswearoraffirm,thatIwillsupporttheconstitutionandlawsofNorthCarolina,not
inconsistenttherewith,andthat…Iwillfaithfullydischargethedutiesofmyofficeas…Sohelpme
God.”
[Sec.8]Thefollowingclassesofpersonsshallbedisqualifiedforoffice:First,allpersonswhoshall
denythebeingofAlmightyGod.Second,allpersonswhoshallhavebeenconvictedorconfessed
theirguiltonindictmentpending,andwhethersentencedornot;orunderjudgmentsuspended,of
anytreasonorfelony,oranyothercrimeforwhichthepunishmentmaybeimprisonmentinthe
penitentiary;sincebecomingcitizensoftheUnitedStates,orofcorruptionandmalpracticeinoffice
unlesssuchpersonshallberestoredtotherightsofcitizenshipinamannerprescribedbylaw.
[Sec.9]ThatalloftheprovisionsoftheConstitutionrelatingtosuffrageregistrationandelectionsas
containedinthisact,amendingtheConstitution,shallgointoeffectonthefirstdayofJuly,1902,ifa
majorityofthequalifiedvotersoftheStatesodeclareatthenextgeneralelection.
Source:http://core.ecu.edu/umc/Wilmington/scans/ticketThree/articleSix.pdf
VotingRightsActof1965
AnacttoenforcethefifteenthamendmenttotheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates,andforother
purposes.[…]
SEC.2.Novotingqualificationorprerequisitetovoting,orstandard,practice,orprocedureshallbe
imposedorappliedbyanyStateorpoliticalsubdivisiontodenyorabridgetherightofanycitizenof
theUnitedStatestovoteonaccountofraceorcolor.[…]
SEC.4.(a)ToassurethattherightofcitizensoftheUnitedStatestovoteisnotdeniedorabridgedon
accountofraceorcolor,nocitizenshallbedeniedtherighttovoteinanyFederal,State,orlocal
electionbecauseofhisfailuretocomplywithanytestordeviceinanyStatewithrespecttowhich
thedeterminationshavebeenmadeundersubsection[…]
(c)Thephrase"testordevice"shallmeananyrequirementthatapersonasaprerequisiteforvoting
orregistrationforvoting(1)demonstratetheabilitytoread,write,understand,orinterpretany
matter,(2)demonstrateanyeducationalachievementorhisknowledgeofanyparticularsubject,(3)
possessgoodmoralcharacter,or(4)provehisqualificationsbythevoucherofregisteredvotersor
membersofanyotherclass.[…]
SEC.10.(a)TheCongressfindsthattherequirementofthepaymentofapolltaxasapreconditionto
voting(i)precludespersonsoflimitedmeansfromvotingorimposesunreasonablefinancialhardship
uponsuchpersonsasapreconditiontotheirexerciseofthefranchise,(ii)doesnotbearareasonable
relationshiptoanylegitimateStateinterestintheconductofelections,and(iii)insomeareashasthe
purposeoreffectofdenyingpersonstherighttovotebecauseofraceorcolor.Uponthebasisof
thesefindings,Congressdeclaresthattheconstitutionalrightofcitizenstovoteisdeniedorabridged
insomeareasbytherequirementofthepaymentofapolltaxasapreconditiontovoting.
(b)IntheexerciseofthepowersofCongressundersection5ofthefourteenthamendmentand
section2ofthefifteenthamendment,theAttorneyGeneralisauthorizedanddirectedtoinstitute
forthwithinthenameoftheUnitedStatessuchactions,includingactionsagainstStatesorpolitical
subdivisions,fordeclaratoryjudgmentorinjunctivereliefagainsttheenforcementofany
requirementofthepaymentofapolltaxasapreconditiontovoting,orsubstitutethereforeenacted
afterNovember1,1964,aswillbenecessarytoimplementthedeclarationofsubsection(a)andthe
purposesofthissection.[…]
SEC.11.(a)Nopersonactingundercoloroflawshallfailorrefusetopermitanypersontovotewho
isentitledtovoteunderanyprovisionofthisActorisotherwisequalifiedtovote,orwillfullyfailor
refusetotabulate,count,andreportsuchperson'svote.
(b)Noperson,whetheractingundercoloroflaworotherwise,shallintimidate,threaten,orcoerce,
orattempttointimidate,threaten,orcoerceanypersonforvotingorattemptingtovote,or
intimidate,threaten,orcoerce,orattempttointimidate,threaten,orcoerceanypersonforurgingor
aidinganypersontovoteorattempttovote,orintimidate,threaten,orcoerceanypersonfor
exercisinganypowersordutiesundersection3(a),6,8,9,10,or12(e).
(c)Whoeverknowinglyorwillfullygivesfalseinformationastohisname,address,orperiodof
residenceinthevotingdistrictforthepurposeofestablishinghiseligibilitytoregisterorvote,or
conspireswithanotherindividualforthepurposeofencouraginghisfalseregistrationtovoteor
illegalvoting,orpaysorofferstopayoracceptspaymenteitherforregistrationtovoteorforvoting
shallbefinednotmorethan$10,000orimprisonednotmorethanfiveyears,orboth:Provided,
however,Thatthisprovisionshallbeapplicableonlytogeneral,special,orprimaryelectionsheld
solelyorinpartforthepurposeofselectingorelectinganycandidatefortheofficeofPresident,Vice
President,presidentialelector,MemberoftheUnitedStatesSenate,MemberoftheUnitedStates
HouseofRepresentatives,orDelegatesorCommissionersfromtheterritoriesorpossessions,or
ResidentCommissioneroftheCommonwealthofPuertoRico.
Source:http://www.fairvote.org/?page=1327
NorthCarolinaConstitutionof1971
ARTICLEVI
SUFFRAGEANDELIGIBILITYTOOFFICE
Section1.Whomayvote.
EverypersonbornintheUnitedStatesandeverypersonwhohasbeennaturalized,18yearsofage,
andpossessingthequalificationssetoutinthisArticle,shallbeentitledtovoteatanyelectionbythe
peopleoftheState,exceptashereinotherwiseprovided.
Sec.2.Qualificationsofvoter.
(1)ResidenceperiodforStateelections.AnypersonwhohasresidedintheStateofNorth
Carolinaforoneyearandintheprecinct,ward,orotherelectiondistrictfor30daysnextpreceding
anelection,andpossessestheotherqualificationssetoutinthisArticle,shallbeentitledtovoteat
anyelectionheldinthisState.Removalfromoneprecinct,ward,orotherelectiondistricttoanother
inthisStateshallnotoperatetodepriveanypersonoftherighttovoteintheprecinct,ward,orother
electiondistrictfromwhichthatpersonhasremoveduntil30daysaftertheremoval.
(2)Residenceperiodforpresidentialelections.TheGeneralAssemblymayreducethetimeof
residenceforpersonsvotinginpresidentialelections.Apersonmadeeligiblebyreasonofa
reductionintimeofresidenceshallpossesstheotherqualificationssetoutinthisArticle,shallonly
beentitledtovoteforPresidentandVicePresidentoftheUnitedStatesorforelectorsforPresident
andVicePresident,andshallnottherebybecomeeligibletoholdofficeinthisState.
(3)Disqualificationoffelon.NopersonadjudgedguiltyofafelonyagainstthisStateortheUnited
States,oradjudgedguiltyofafelonyinanotherstatethatalsowouldbeafelonyifithadbeen
committedinthisState,shallbepermittedtovoteunlessthatpersonshallbefirstrestoredtothe
rightsofcitizenshipinthemannerprescribedbylaw.
Sec.3.Registration.
Everypersonofferingtovoteshallbeatthetimelegallyregisteredasavoterashereinprescribed
andinthemannerprovidedbylaw.TheGeneralAssemblyshallenactgenerallawsgoverningthe
registrationofvoters.
Sec.4.Qualificationforregistration.
Everypersonpresentinghimselfforregistrationshallbeabletoreadandwriteanysectionofthe
ConstitutionintheEnglishlanguage.
Sec.5.ElectionsbypeopleandGeneralAssembly.
Allelectionsbythepeopleshallbebyballot,andallelectionsbytheGeneralAssemblyshallbeviva
voce.AcontestedelectionforanyofficeestablishedbyArticleIIIofthisConstitutionshallbe
determinedbyjointballotofbothhousesoftheGeneralAssemblyinthemannerprescribedbylaw.
Sec.6.Eligibilitytoelectiveoffice.
EveryqualifiedvoterinNorthCarolinawhois21yearsofage,exceptasinthisConstitution
disqualified,shallbeeligibleforelectionbythepeopletooffice.
Sec.7.Oath.
Beforeenteringuponthedutiesofanoffice,apersonelectedorappointedtotheofficeshalltake
andsubscribethefollowingoath:
"I,_______________,dosolemnlyswear(oraffirm)thatIwillsupportandmaintaintheConstitution
andlawsoftheUnitedStates,andtheConstitutionandlawsofNorthCarolinanotinconsistent
therewith,andthatIwillfaithfullydischargethedutiesofmyofficeas_______________,sohelpme
God."
Sec.8.Disqualificationsforoffice.
Thefollowingpersonsshallbedisqualifiedforoffice:
First,anypersonwhoshalldenythebeingofAlmightyGod.
Second,withrespecttoanyofficethatisfilledbyelectionbythepeople,anypersonwhoisnot
qualifiedtovoteinanelectionforthatoffice.
Third,anypersonwhohasbeenadjudgedguiltyoftreasonoranyotherfelonyagainstthisStateor
theUnitedStates,oranypersonwhohasbeenadjudgedguiltyofafelonyinanotherstatethatalso
wouldbeafelonyifithadbeencommittedinthisState,oranypersonwhohasbeenadjudgedguilty
ofcorruptionormalpracticeinanyoffice,oranypersonwhohasbeenremovedbyimpeachment
fromanyoffice,andwhohasnotbeenrestoredtotherightsofcitizenshipinthemannerprescribed
bylaw.
Sec.9.Dualofficeholding.
(1)Prohibitions.Itissalutarythattheresponsibilitiesofself-governmentbewidelysharedamong
thecitizensoftheStateandthatthepotentialabuseofauthorityinherentintheholdingofmultiple
officesbyanindividualbeavoided.Therefore,nopersonwhoholdsanyofficeorplaceoftrustor
profitundertheUnitedStatesoranydepartmentthereof,orunderanyotherstateorgovernment,
shallbeeligibletoholdanyofficeinthisStatethatisfilledbyelectionbythepeople.Nopersonshall
holdconcurrentlyanytwoofficesinthisStatethatarefilledbyelectionofthepeople.Noperson
shallholdconcurrentlyanytwoormoreappointiveofficesorplacesoftrustorprofit,orany
combinationofelectiveandappointiveofficesorplacesoftrustorprofit,exceptastheGeneral
Assemblyshallprovidebygenerallaw.
(2)Exceptions.TheprovisionsofthisSectionshallnotprohibitanyofficerofthemilitaryforcesof
theStateoroftheUnitedStatesnotonactivedutyforanextensiveperiodoftime,anynotarypublic,
oranydelegatetoaConventionofthePeoplefromholdingconcurrentlyanotherofficeorplaceof
trustorprofitunderthisStateortheUnitedStatesoranydepartmentthereof.
Sec.10.Continuationinoffice.
Intheabsenceofanycontraryprovision,allofficersinthisState,whetherappointedorelected,shall
holdtheirpositionsuntilotherappointmentsaremadeor,iftheofficesareelective,untiltheir
successorsarechosenandqualified.
Source:http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/Legislation/constitution/article6.html
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