Semester 1
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AP United States History
Book Notes
Chapter 2: The Planting of English America
Time Period: 1500-1733
Chapter Intro
ᴑ Primitive outposts
 Spanish: Santa Fe, 1610
 French: Quebec, 1608
 England: Jamestown VA, 1607
England’s Imperial Standings
ᴑ In England: religious wars (protestant vs. catholic)
 Ireland: help from Spain (Catholic)
 Spain wasn’t much help
 Revolution was crushed by Elizabeth’s troops
Elizabeth Energizes England
ᴑ Spain and England aren’t officially at war
 Encouraged by queen: many English get into “shipping lanes”
 English: took land, seized treasure ships from Spanish
ᴑ Newfoundland: first attempt at settlement in New World by England
 Failed when it’s promoter (Sir Humphrey Gilbert) died at sea in 1583
ᴑ Sir Walter Raleigh’s Colony
 1585- NC’s Roanoke Island
 Expedition to colonization
 Disappeared into the wilderness after several failed attempts
ᴑ Spanish Armada
 Beginning of end of Spanish imperialism
 Beginning of English naval dominance
ᴑ English Characteristics
 Strong unified state with strong monarch
 Religious unity after catholic vs. protestant conflict (some still oppose Church of England
though)
 Sense of nationalism/ national destiny
ᴑ English/Spanish Peace treaty- 1604
Eve of Empire (reasons for going to N. America)
ᴑ Economic depression in late 1500s
 Woolen trade industry = hurt
 Thousands of footloose farmers
 Became beggars and paupers
ᴑ Only eldest dons inherit land
 Ambitious younger sons looked elsewhere for fortune
ᴑ Joint-stock companies allowed adventurers to pool money
ᴑ Peace with Spain = opportunity for colonization
ᴑ Population growth = excess workers
ᴑ Motives: unemployment, thirst for adventure, search for religious freedom for themselves
Jamestown Seedling
ᴑ 1606: Virginia Company of London receives charter for settlement in new world
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Made by Ashley Thomas
Book: The American Pageant: Thirteenth Edition
Semester 1
AP United States History
Book Notes
Chapter 2: The Planting of English America
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Why go?
 Promises of gold
 Find passage through Americas to the Indies
ᴑ Only intended to last a few years and then be liquidated for profit
ᴑ King’s charter = guaranteed that the colonists had that same rights as Englishmen in England
ᴑ Late 1606: VA Company sets sail
 3 ships
 Originally landed on Chesapeake Bay but were attacked by Indians who pushed them to
settler further up on the bay
 The new site
 Easy to defend
 Mosquito infested
 Very unhealthy
ᴑ Early Years
 40 perish during voyage
 Supply ship wrecks in Bermuda
 Died by the dozen from disease, malnutrition, starvation
 Saved by Captain John Smith
 To be executed by Powhatans but was saved by Pocahontas
 Pocahontas: intermediary, peace between Virginians and Natives
 60 of the originally 400 survived the winters of 1606-1610
ᴑ Spring 1610
 Colonists are homebound, met by a relief party
 Lord de la Warr
 Harsh military regime
 Military actions taken against natives
 1625: 1200/8000 people survived
Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake
ᴑ 1607: English land (James River Area)
ᴑ Powhatan: first considered the English as possible allies
 Low food supplies caused tense relations between English and Indians
ᴑ 1610: Lord De La Warr arrives, carried orders from VA company to declare war on natives
ᴑ 1614: Peace treaty for 1st Anglo-Powhatan war
 Sealed by Pocahontas and John Rolfe
ᴑ 1622: Natives strike back
 Hungry
 Diseases from whites
 Killed 347 colonists (including John Rolfe)
 VA Company: perpetual war on natives
ᴑ 1644: 2nd Anglo-Powhatan War
 Natives = one last effort to dislodge colonists
ᴑ 1646: Peace treaty number 2
 Banished natives from Chesapeake
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Made by Ashley Thomas
Book: The American Pageant: Thirteenth Edition
Semester 1
AP United States History
Book Notes
Chapter 2: The Planting of English America
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1669: only 10% of Powhatan population remains
1685: English consider Powhatan population extinct
 Powhatan’s fell victim to
 Disease
 Disorganization
 Disposability
 Powhatan population served no economic purpose to English
The Indian’s New World
ᴑ Horses: stolen/strayed/purchased from Spanish
 Catalyzed movement to Great Plains
ᴑ Disease: huge disrupter
 Populations were defenseless
 Had to reinvent themselves because oral histories were lost with dead elders
ᴑ Trade: established barter-and-exchange networks lead to the temptation of European trade
 Firearms: advantageous
 Increased fighting among natives
 Large groups of natives = natives and Europeans must work together (until more
Europeans arrived in larger numbers)
Virginia: Child of Tobacco
ᴑ John Rolfe: father of tobacco, savior of VA colony
ᴑ Demand was larger than supply so colonists planed tobacco anywhere it could be planted which
pushed settlements further west
ᴑ Need for food lead to a need for land
ᴑ 1619: seeds of N. American slave system with Dutch warship selling about 20 slaves to
Jamestown/VA colony
ᴑ Representative, self-government in VA, House of Burgesses
ᴑ 1624: James the first revoked charter of VA colony
 Royal colony directly under his control
Maryland: Catholic Haven
ᴑ 2nd plantation colony, but 4th English colony
ᴑ 1634: Founded by Lord Baltimore
 He wanted to create catholic refuge and wanted to make money
ᴑ VA colonists used land around MD colony
 Resentment between VA and MD
 Open rebellion
 Baltimore family lost proprietary rights
ᴑ Remained prosperous
ᴑ Both VA and MD:Labor done mainly by white indentured servants until late seventeenth century
ᴑ 1649: Act of Toleration
 Toleration to all Christians
 Death penalty to those who denied the existence of Jesus
West Indies: Way Station
ᴑ Early 1600s: Spain “relaxed grip” on Caribbean
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Made by Ashley Thomas
Book: The American Pageant: Thirteenth Edition
Semester 1
AP United States History
Book Notes
Chapter 2: The Planting of English America
ᴑ
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English claim Jamaica in 1655
SUGAR = basis of economy
 Rich man’s crop
 Requires a ton of capital
ᴑ 1700: Black slaves outnumber English settlers 4:1
ᴑ 1661 Barbados Slave Code
 Denied most basic fundamental rights
 Masters get completely control
Colonizing the Carolinas
ᴑ 1670: formal creation of Carolina
ᴑ Aided indies in foodstuffs
ᴑ Exported wine, silk, and olive oil
ᴑ Vigorous slave trade initiated by many of the people who moved from Barbados to Carolinas
ᴑ Major Imports:
 Indians: indies for lifelong labor
ᴑ Savannah Indians wanted to move to new colonies that promised better relations with whites
 slaughters by Carolinians
ᴑ 1710: African slaves constituted major population of Carolinians
Emergence of North Carolina
ᴑ Poor “squatters” with little need for slave labor
ᴑ Reputation: irreligious and hospitable to pirates
ᴑ Strong spirit of resilience
ᴑ “A vale of humility between two mountains of conceit”
ᴑ Friction with governors  split with South Carolina in 1712 (officially)
ᴑ NC and RI
 Most democratic colonies
 Most independent-minded
 Least aristocratic
ᴑ Like SC: bloody relationship with natives
Georgia: The Buffer Colony
ᴑ 1733: formal creation
ᴑ Founded as buffer to protect Carolinas from vengeful Spanish in FL and hostile French in LA
ᴑ Received subsidies ($) when war broke out between English and Spanish
ᴑ Founders wanted safe haven for those in debt
ᴑ No slavery = want of founders
Plantation Colonies
ᴑ MD, VA, NC, SC, GA
 Devoted to exporting commercial agricultural products
 Slavery (GA after 1750)
 Aristocratic atmosphere (except NC)
 Some religious tolerance
 Expansionary
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Made by Ashley Thomas
Book: The American Pageant: Thirteenth Edition