9/24/2015
Bio 124 Lecture #9 (9/24/15)
I.
Phytoplankton
A. Categorizations
B. Importance
C. Major types
1. Diatoms
2. Dinoflagellates
D. Photosynthetic pico- & nanoplankton
1. cyanobacteria
2. protists
a. coccolithophores
b. silicoflagellates
II.
Very small but very important plankton
A. Bacteria
B. Fungi
C. Viruses
III. Zooplankton
A. Holoplankton vs. Meroplankton
1.
Define larvae
2.
Bipartite life cycle
B. Protozoans
1.
Ciliates – Tintinnids
2.
Ameobas:Foraminiferans,Radiolarians
C. Crustaceans
1. Copepods (Holoplankton)
2. Krill (Holoplankton)
3. Larvae (meroplankton)
Fig. 15.2
Plankton!
Reminders
:
 Lab this
week is
plankton
productiv
ity – boat
is next
week
 Lab quiz
2 will be
week of
9/28
 Project
outlines
due in
lab next
week
 Periodic
al report
due Fri
10/2
Phytoplankton: Diatoms
Chain Diatoms
Phytoplankton:
Thalassionema
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Phytoplankton: Cyanobacteria
• Convert ammonia & N2 to
nitrate & nitrite
• help cement carbonate in
coral reefs into solid rock
• likely original source of
O2 on Earth
plankton bloom on Hood Canal. Puget Sound 6/19/09
Photo by Don Paulson, Seabeck
Read more:
http://pugetsoundblogs.com/waterways/2009/06/18/plankton-blooms-sometimes-offer-dramatic-visuals/#ixzz10AzTrkGq
Phytoplankton: Coccolithophorids
• Very abundant
200-400 m
• CaCO3 discs
• 1-2 flagella
Photosynthetic picoplankton:
Silicoflagellates
• mainly polar
• 1-2 flagella
Picoplankton: Bacteria & Fungi
Marine fungus
On soft coral
In wood tissue
spores
Census of marine life:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K08AiYDVDZc&feature=channel
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Cyanobacteria & fungus: pelagic & benthic
Fig. 5.14
100 nm
http://www.kitv.com/news/hawaii/Scientists-investigate-reports-of-a-massivecoral-deaths-off-Kauai/-/8905354/16699168/-/item/0/-/hetcuo/-/index.html
Marine virus, photo: P. Weigele
Zooplankton: Meroplankton
Protozoan Zooplankton:
Foraminiferans
Protozoan Zooplankton
Radiolarians
(Discorbis sp.)
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Protozoan Zooplankton:
Ciliates - Tintinnidae
Zooplankton: Phylum Crustacea
Copepods
Larval crustaceans
Calif. Spiny Lobster phyllosoma larva
(Late June and July Only)
Holoplankton: Copepods
Zooplankton: Phylum Crustacea
Holoplankton: Krill
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ggk2O7p4vWQ
Zooplankton: Phylum Crustacea
Meroplankton: Larval crustaceans
Calif. Spiny Lobster phyllosoma larva
(Late June and July Only)
Lobsters & crabs
Plankton Study Questions
1. Define: megaplankton, net plankton,
femtoplankton, nanoplankton, picoplankton.
2. Why are phytoplankton important?
Barnacle larvae (multiple stages)
3. Compare the general body plan of diatoms &
dinoflagellates & state what their shells are
composed of.
4. Compare the oceanic conditions that diatoms and
dinoflagellates each thrive in.
5. How do phytoplankton reproduce? Explain why
this allows them to “bloom” so quickly.
nauplius stage ->
cypris stage -> sessile adult
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Plankton Study Questions
Plankton Study Questions
6. Describe reproduction in diatoms, state why it can
become problematic, and how they solve that.
11. What role do zooplankton play in marine food
webs?
7. Which plankton are responsible for red tides/harmful
algal blooms?
12.Define Holoplankton & meroplankton.
8. What are Cyanobacteria? Why are they so
important?
9. List 2 types of photosynthetic nanoplankton, note
what their shells are made of & where they live.
10.Marine viruses can indeed be disease-inducing, but
what two positive roles do marine viruses play?
13. Define larvae.
14. Explain what ‘bipartite life cycle’ means & why
it is important for many marine organisms.
15. List 2 types of protozoan zooplankton, state
what their shells are made of.
16. List 3 types of Crustacean zooplankton & note
whether they are meroplankton or holoplankton.
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