Garden City High School
Global History & Geography ill
Lesson:
Mr. M. Stratis, Esq.
NadonaUsm in India and the Ottoman Empire
Aim:
How did nationalism trigger movements to overthrow oppressive regimes in India and the
Ottoman Empire?
1.
What were the causes ofIndian nationalism?
A.
B. .
C.
D.
II.
Indian demands for more modernization and greater role in government led to the
rise of nationalist movements
r ,
Ram Mohun Roy (1772-1833) [known as the "Father ofModern India "] began
campaign to move India away from traditional practices and ideas
1. .
Demanded an end to practice ofsiai (widow suicide)
2.
Wanted changes to caste system and child marriages
3.
Called for adoption of Westem ways and social reforms
Nationalist movements developed across India against British rule
1.
Indian National Congress (1885) called for self-government
2.
Partition ofBengal (1905) split Hindu and Muslim Indians
2.
Muslim League (1906) created to protect Muslim Indians
First World War heightened nationalist activity
1.
Indian enlistment in British army led to British promises for reform and
eventual self-government once war was over
2.
Some political reforms increasing Indian role in government proved to be
temporary: Britain did not fulfill her promises
3.
RowlattAct (1919) passed to jail protesters without trial
4.
Violent protests flared in the Punjab and other regions
5.
In response, Amritsar Massacre resulted (400 Indians killed by British
troops) and millions ofIndians demanded independence
How did Indian nationalism bring about self-rule?
A.
Mobandas K. Gandhi (1869-1948) [Mahatma: "Great Sou['1 emerged as
leader ofIndian independence movement
1.
Developed new strategy for battling injustice based on Hinduism, Islam
and Christianity: satyagraha (civil disobedience) and ahimsa (nonviolence)
2.
Indian National Congress endorsed Gandhi's strategy as the means to
achieve independence (1920)
1
3.
B.
III.
How did nationalism develop in Turkey?
A.
B.
N.
Gandhi called on Indians to boycott British goods (e.g. boycott of British
cloth) and schools. refuse to pay taxes and vote in British elections
4.
Organized Salt March (1930) to defy Salt Acts (requiring purchase of salt
from British government only) and won worldwide notice
5.
About 60.000 Indians were arrestedby British government
Government of India Act (1935) provided for local self-government and limited
democratic elections
1.
Fueled mounting tensions between Muslims and Hindus
2.
Indian nationalists felt this was step in direction of independence
Decline ofthe Ottoman Empire (1789-1914)
1. '; Janissary corps (elite imperial guard) meddled with sultanate
2.
Attempts to modernize and reform Ottoman state failed (Selim Ill)
3.
Greek and Slavic nationalism in Balkans led to self-rule
4.
Russia had challenged Turkish power in several major wars: Russo-Turkish
Wars (18th-19th C.). Crimean War (1854)
Mustafa Kemal (1881-1938) [Ataturk: "Father ofthe Turks 'l joined group of
Turkish nationalists (Young Turks) in 1908 and overthrew the sultan AbdulHamidll
1.
Young Turks failed to bring about satisfactory reforms
2.
Kemal organized Turkish defenses in Dardanelles Campaign
3.
Developed belief in Turkish nationalism and identity (implicated in
Armenian Genocide of 1915-18)
Led political pressure against last sultan Mustafa V
4.
5.
Regrouped Turkish forces after Greek invasion of 1920
How did Kemal's nationalism lead to a new Turkish state?
A.
B.
Kemal overthrew sultan and organized Turkish army
1.
Defeated Greek army in Battle ofthe Sakarya River (1922) and gained
favorable terms in Treaty of Lausanne
2.
Sponsored massacres and forced migrations ofGreeks (1.3 million killed).
Armenians and Nestorian Christians
3.
Agreed to exchange of Greek and Turkish populations with Greek Prime
Minister Eleftherios Venizelos
4.
Reduced influence ofnon-Turkish and non-Muslim minorities
Kemal became president of new Republic of Turkey
1.
Abolished religious courts and created new legal system
2
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Granted. womenthe right to vote and hold public office
Launched. government programsto industrializeTurkey
Bannedwearingofthe fez (Turkishhat) and Islamic veil
RequiredLatin script (not Arabic) for Turkishlanguage
Developed secular state based on rule by military and elected
representatives
3