GCSE Geography Revision
AQA GEOGRAPHY A
THE DEVELOPMENT GAP
Name: ______________________________________________________________
Tutor group: _________________________________________________________
Key words
HDI
GNP
Development
MDC
LDC
NIC
What is ‘Development’?
.
What affects a country’s level and speed of development?
Warning signs
of CSE
Measuring development can be difficult because it includes so many things. You can compare the
development of different countries by using a range of ‘Indicators of Development’
An exam skill you may be
asked to do is to either complete and/or interpret a
scatter graph comparing two
indicators and explaining the
type of correlation shown
Use a system for these types of questions
with the scale becoming more specific each time.
Another skill you might
be tested on is describes
patterns using a choropleth map like this one
here
Remember to consider both the highest and lowest
groupings
Hemispheres - eg. 30+ straddling the equator
Continents - eg. 30+ mainly in Africa
Compass Direction Locations - eg. 30+ central areas in
Africa
Named areas/countries - eg. less than 10 in Western
Europe, Russia and Japan
Things that don’t fit the particular pattern - eg. An
Limitations of using a single development measure
Important section to learn.
What are the traditional ways of dividing up the world?
First, second, third and fourth worlds
North/South
LDC/MDC/NIC
Five-fold division based on wealth
The North-South Divide based on GNP per capita.
Newly developed five-fold division based on wealth
The five-fold division based on wealth
Standard of Living or Quality of Life?
The distribution of people across the world living on a dollar a day or less
Standard of Living is an economic factor which can be quantified (measured). Quality of life
is about perceptions and what is seen as an acceptable quality of life in different parts of
the world
Case Study -
The impact of a natural hazard on development (a physical factor)
Hurricane Mitch (1998)
The key to this case study
needs to be focussed on
how the impacts set
development back in
Honduras and Nicaragua
Remember - you will not
be asked simply to state
the impacts alone - must
relate to the effect on
development
Case Study -
Sustainable development: WaterAid in Burkina Faso
(a social Issue)
A social factor that increases global inequalities is Water availability. Some facts:
12% of the world population uses 85% of its water.
A child dies from a water-borne disease every 15 seconds
In Ethiopia, nearly 74,000 children die from diarrhoea every year
WaterAid are trying tom over come the problem.
Trade and Interdependence
Fair Trade or Free Trade
Match the definitions with
the following key terms:
Tariffs
Quotas
Free Trade
Fair Trade Case Study—The Gumatindo Coffee Cooperative in Uganda
AID
What is Aid?
Aid is when a country receives help from another country, or an organisation , to help it to
develop and improve peoples lives.
How Aid can be given:
BILATERAL AID - Aid given by one Government to another. Sometimes known as ‘tied’aid or ‘aid
with strings’ as the donor can dictate what the ais is used for;
MULTILATURAL - Governments give money to an international agency who decides how the
money is spent. The UN is the main agency involved.
From NGO’s (Non-Governmental Organisations) - Aid given by charities such as the Red Cross or
Oxfam. Money is raised through pubic appeals
How Aid can be given
Case Study - Sustainable development: recycling
goats –Christian Aid in Rwanda
Gerthrude has seen her husband and neighbours killed in an
African country torn apart by years of civil war. Already desperately poor, she faces
the daily struggle simply to survive and has lost count of the times her children have
gone to bed hungry. Aid to Gerthrude came in a surprising form. Women were given
a loan – not of money, but of ten goats. And by ‘recycling’ these goats, children had
nourishing milk to drink, greatly improving their health. The goats produced manure,
which the women used to fertilise their small plots of land, improving the quality and
quantity of their crops. And, with enough food left over to sell, the women had more
money to pay for basic necessities like clothes, medicines and schooling for their children. In time, the goats produced their own goats and the first ten kids were given
back as repayment of the original loan. The women were then able to keep the goats
they had originally been given. Most importantly of all, they didn’t need help anymore. The women’s goats were then lent to another village association and so helped
even more people.
Case Study -
Medium and Small-scale aid projects
Different levels of development in two contrasting EU countries
Case Study -
EU Policies to reduce inequalities - YOU MUST LEARN TWO
Other schemes you may have studied and
could use include:
CAP—The Common Agricultural Policy
The European Cohesion Fund
European Reginal Development Fund
Key Terms you should be able to define