Scientific Method
Why science works!!
Scientific Method
1
Steps
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Observations
Explanatory Model
Hypothesis
Experimentation
Conclusion
Scientific Method
2
Observations

Senses



Preexisting ideas, beliefs or emotions do not play
a part
Verification by others
Two Ways of Thinking:
1.
2.
Induction
Deduction
Scientific Method
3
Correlation

Relationship between two or more variables



Variables are factors that might affect an
observation
Positive
Negative
Scientific Method
4
Hypothesis


Hypothesis must be stated in a way that can
be tested
Hypotheses are never proven absolutely true
Scientific Method
5
Hypothesis Testing

Repeatable so other parties can duplicate
them

Null hypothesis
Alternative hypothesis

Scientific theory

Scientific Method
6
Experimentation


Experimentation is a powerful way of
establishing causes and correlations
Controlled Experiment
Scientific Method
7
Controlled Experiment
Review of Hypothesis Testing
Initial
Explanatory
Observations
Model
Experiment or
DATA
Scientific Method
field test
Hypothesis
Hypothesis formulated with
experimental test in mind
9
Classification & Taxonomy
The reasons why you have to
know Latin & Greek
Classification & Taxonomy
10
Classification & Taxonomy

Classification

Taxonomy

Phylogeny or Phylogenetic Relationships
Classification & Taxonomy
11
Cladogram
Common Ancestor
Common Ancestor
Classification & Taxonomy
12
Carolus Linnaeus

18th century Swedish
naturalist


Hierarchy
Linnaeus also originated the
methodology for naming
organisms

Binomial Nomenclature
Classification & Taxonomy
13
Hierarchy

The basic unit of evolution and classification
is the species

Species

What is a scientific name?

Why do we use scientific names?
Classification & Taxonomy
15
Binomial Nomenclature

RULES:
 First letter of the genus must
always be capitalized
 The species is never used by
itself and is always lower case




Seriola dumerili
Can also refer to Seriola spp.
When typed = italicized
When written = underlined
Seriola dumerili
Classification & Taxonomy
16
Classification
Classification & Taxonomy
17