Ti
47.88
22
Titanium
PROPELLER SHAFTS
CONNECTING RODS
DENTAL IMPLANTS
BALL & SOCKET JOINTS
SPACECRAFT COMPONENTS
Titanium was discovered by Gregor in 1791; named by Klaproth in 1795.
Impure titanium was prepared by Nilson and Pettersson in 1887; however, the pure metal (99.9%)
was not made until 1910 by Hunter by heating TiCl4 with sodium in a steel bomb.
• Titanium Aluminide is a candidate substitution for both nickel and
titanium based alloys because of its lower density and higher
temperature tolerance.
• The long-range ordered structure results in it having good strength
retention at high temperatures but causes brittleness at room
temperature.
• The hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure allows the macroscopic
properties of a high melting and boiling point.
• Titanium is a transition metal; light with a white-silvery-metallic colour.
• Titanium is strong, lustrous and corrosion-resistant.
T A B L E
Atomic symbol
Relative atomic mass number
Electron configuration
Boiling point
Specific heat capacity
For bibliography, please see attached.
O F
• Titanium has a tensile strength of 275-735MPa in commercially pure
titanium and a Young’s modulus of 106Gpa, in titanium alloys the tensile
strength is 620-1800Mpa with a Young’s modulus of 113GPa.
• Pure titanium is not soluble in water but is soluble in concentrated acids.
• Titanium alloys are characterized by very high tensile strength even at
high temperatures, light weight, high corrosion resistance and is able to
withstand extreme temperatures.
• Titanium is very expensive compared to other metals.
Cost per tonne £9,000 compared to: Steel (hot rolled plate): £400,
Aluminium - LME: £1257, Copper - LME: £2,576 and Lead - LME: £635
M E C H A N I C A L
Ti
47.88 g mol-1
3d24s2
3560K
25.060 J.mol-1.K-1
P R O P E R T I E S
Atomic number
Electron shells
Melting point
Density
Crystal structure
22
2,8,10,2
1942K
4.506 kg cm-3
Hexagonal
James Hudson