Apartheid in South Africa
SLMS/11
Apartheid
The ANC & Nelson Mandela
•South Africa was seized by the British
from the Dutch settlers in 1902 (after the
Boer War). It became part of the British
commonwealth until it voted
to leave in 1961.
•In 1948, the ruling party of
South Africa (the National
Party) voted to implement a
series of restrictive
segregationalist laws. These laws,
collectively were known as apartheid. They
restricted where blacks & coloreds could
live, work, travel, sit, go to the bathroom,
and eat. Under the apartheid laws, blacks &
coloreds could not vote or participate in
government in any way.
•The African National Congress,
or ANC became the vehicle to
fight apartheid in the 1950s.
•Nelson Mandela became a
prominent member of the ANC
in the early 1950s, and participated in
numerous ANC-led protests against
apartheid.
•In 1960, a peaceful protest of apartheid at
the town of Sharpeville turned violent as
South African policemen opened fire on the
protesters, killing 69 & wounding another
180. After this, the ANC & Mandela began
to advocate more violent methods of
protesting the government.
•The government declared the ANC illegal,
and in 1962, Mandela was captured,
arrested, and put on trial. He was sentenced
to life in prison.
The End of Apartheid
•In 1989, F.W. DeKlerk came to
power in South Africa. Almost
immediately he renounced the
ban on the ANC, and announced
that Nelson Mandela would be
released from prison. In 1990, Mandela
became a free man after serving 27 years in
prison.
•DeKlerk worked from within the
government to end apartheid, while
Mandela resumed his position as the head
of the ANC, and worked to end apartheid
from the outside.
•In 1993, DeKlerk & Mandela shared the
Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts at ending
apartheid in South Africa.
•In 1994, South Africa held the first allinclusive elections (in which blacks &
coloreds could vote), and Mandela was
elected President.
Life After Apartheid
•Nelson Mandela served as President of
South Africa for five years, with Thabo
Mbeki and F.W. DeKlerk as his deputies.
•After Mandela’s term as President was over he was succeeded
by Thabo Mbeki, and ultimately
by Jacob Zuma.
•Unfortunately, despite its illegality, vestiges of apartheid still remain in
South Africa today.
•The economy of South Africa is varied, as
resources and income are not evenly divided. The nation has a sophisticated infrastructure, but most of the wealth is concentrated in urban and predominantly white areas. The rural areas where blacks and coloreds predominate are still terribly poor.
Global History
Apartheid in South Africa
Name _____________________________________
1. What was the colonial history of South Af- 8. Who was F.W. DeKlerk?
rica?
2. What were the apartheid laws? When
were they implemented?
3. How did the apartheid laws impact lives?
4. What was the African National Congress?
5. What was the Sharpeville Massacre?
6. How did it impact anti-apartheid leaders?
9. How did he change South African policy?
10. What was important about the year 1993
in S. Africa?
11. Why was 1994 a watershed year in S. Africa?
12. List the presidents of S. Africa from 1990
to the present.
13. How does apartheid impact S. Africa today?
7. How did the government react to the ANC
and Mandela?
14. Specifically, describe the economic advantages and challenges in S. Africa.
Global History
Apartheid in South Africa Key
1. What was the colonial history of South Africa?
South Africa was seized by the British from
the Dutch settlers in 1902 (after the Boer
War). It became part of the British
commonwealth until it voted to leave in 1961.
2. What were the apartheid laws? When
were they implemented?
In 1948, the ruling party of South Africa (the
National Party) voted to implement a series
of restrictive segregationalist laws.
3. How did the apartheid laws impact lives?
They restricted where blacks & coloreds
could live, work, travel, sit, go to the
bathroom, and eat. Under the apartheid laws,
blacks & coloreds could not vote or
participate in government in any way.
Name _____________________________________
8. Who was F.W. DeKlerk?
The President of South Africa in 1989.
9. How did he change South African policy?
He renounced the ban on the ANC, and
announced that Nelson Mandela would be
released from prison.
10. What was important about the year 1993
in S. Africa?
In 1993, DeKlerk & Mandela shared the
Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts at ending
apartheid in South Africa.
11. Why was 1994 a watershed year in S. Africa?
In 1994, South Africa held the first allinclusive elections (in which blacks &
coloreds could vote), and Mandela was
elected President.
4. What was the African National Congress?
The African National Congress, or ANC
12. List the presidents of S. Africa from 1990
became the vehicle to fight apartheid in the to the present.
1950s.
F.W. DeKlerk, Nelson Mandela, Thabo Mbeki,
and Jacob Zuma.
5. What was the Sharpeville Massacre?
A peaceful protest of apartheid at the town 13. How does apartheid impact S. Africa toof Sharpeville that turned violent as South
day?
African policemen opened fire on the
Despite its illegality, vestiges of apartheid
protesters, killing 69, wounding another 180. still remain in South Africa today.
6. How did it impact anti-apartheid leaders?
After this, the ANC & Mandela began to
advocate more violent methods of protesting
the government.
14. Specifically, describe the economic advantages and challenges in S. Africa.
The nation has a sophisticated infrastructure,
but most of the wealth is concentrated in urban and predominantly white areas. The ru7. How did the government react to the ANC ral areas where blacks and coloreds predomiand Mandela?
nate are still terribly poor.
The government declared the ANC illegal. In
1962, Mandela was captured, arrested, put on
trial, and was sentenced to life in prison.
Legal Disclaimers
Thank you for your purchase. If you found this work useful, please consider rating this
work and purchasing other readings by the same author. Also, please consider recommending this author’s work to your colleagues.
©2011/2012 Lauri Secker: The Lady Lion. All rights reserved. Reproduction of this work
in another form, in part or in whole, is prohibited. Purchase of this unit entitles the purchaser the right to reproduce the pages in limited quantities for classroom use only. Duplication for an entire school, an entire school system or commercial purposes is strictly
forbidden without written permission from the publisher. Electronic distribution limited
to classroom use only.
All images are property of Jupiterimages and are licensed for use in this work only. Any
other use of these images without proper license is unauthorized and prohibited. For licensing information, see www.clipart.com