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n o t d e l e g at e d to t h e G e n e r al G o v e r n m e n t n o r pr o
h ib i t ed b y t h e C o n s t it u ti o n
T h u s fa r t h ey a r e s o ver eig n a g a i n s t t h e wo r ld an d
th ey ar e as m u c h s o ag ai n s t t h e G o v e r n m e n t a t ' ash
i n g t o n a s a g a i n s t th a t at 'a r is at 'o n d o n o r a t St
'et ers b urg h a n d of t h e e xt e n t o f th at s o v e r e i gn ty
th ey t h e St a t es h av e a r ight to ju dge T h e St a t es
h av e t h e s am e r i ght to j u d g e of t h e e xt e n t o f th e i r
s o v e r e ig n ty a s t h e G e n e r al G o v e rn m e n t h a s to j u d g e
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A mer i ca are n ot un it ed o n th e p r i nc ip le f unl i m i t ed su b m iss io n to th e
General G ov ernmen t 'b t th a t b y c o m p ac t un d er th e s tyle and title of a
C o ns tit u tio n fo r th e U n i t ed St a t es
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St t es fo rm i n g as to it sel f th e oth er
p ar ty 'th a t th e G ov ernmen t crea t ed b y thi s c o m p ac t was n ot m ade th e
e clus iv e o r fi nal jud g e of th e e t en t of po w rs dele g a t e d to it sel f s i nc
th a t w o ld h a v e m ade it s d i scre t io n and n ot th e Co ns t it u tio n th e measure
of it s po wers b t th a t as i n all oth er cases of c o m p ac t am o n g p ar ti es h a v
i n g n o c o m m o n jud g e eac h p ar ty h as an e q ual r g ht J d g fo r it sel f as
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b y J e ffe r s o n an d k n o w n as t h e r e s o l u t i o n s o f 1 7 9 8
' e s t o o d e r e c t o n th a t p o s iti o n an d th e r e h e w as
s u s t a i n e d a n d u ph e ld b y t h e A m e r i c an p e op l e , in t h e
g r e at r e p u b l i c an t r i u m ph o f 1 8 0 0
' ith thi s c l e ar v i e w of h e r p o s iti o n N e w ' o rk
h as p r o mi s e d i n h e r C o n s ti t u ti o n t o g u ar an ty l ib
If s h e
e r t y to e v e r y p e r s o n w ithi n h er ju i is d ic t io n
k e e p s h e r wor d ' i f s h e m a i n t ai n s h e r pr o m is e ' if s h e
ful fills h e r h e r o b lig a t i o ns as s h e o u ght t o d o , s h e
w i ll all o w n o p o wer o n ea r t h t o t a ke fr o m her fo ld a
hu m a n b ei n g t o b e m a d e a s la v e
'e r C o n s tit u ti o n w a s m a d e p r i o r to th at o f t h e
U n it e d St at e s ' an d b y it s h e h as p r o m i s e d s afet y
an d li b er ty t o all o f w h o m s h e c l a i m s all e gi an c e , a ll
an d e v e r y h u m an b e i n g w ithi n h e r e m p i r e l i m it s
Sh e h ad a n u n d o u bt e d r ight to d o s o b e fo r e t h e
C o n s tit u ti o n o f t h e U n it e d St a t e s w a s fo r m e d
Sh e b a s n e v e r r e l i n q u i s h e d th at r igh t n o r s u r r e n
d e r e d th a t p o w e r an d a s s h e c l ai m s alle gi an c e , s h e
A lleg ia n c e a n d pr ot ec t i o n
o w e s p r o t e c ti o n in r e t u r n
ar e r e c ip r o c al t i es an d e v e r y m an w h o o w es t h e o n e
a n d , w ith t h e e v e r p r e s e n t
i s e n titl e d t o t h e o th e 1
r it of h a b ea s c o rp u s s h e i s t h e g n a1 d 1 au of t h e l ib e r ty
of e v e r y p e r s o n o fe v e 1 y a g e s e' , o r c on d it io n r e g ar d
l e s s of comple'io n 0 1 n a t iv it y , w h o l iv e s w i t hi n h e i
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s t it u t io n of t h e St at e of N e w ' o r k , e a c h fo r it s e l f in
N o p e r s o n s h al l
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Say s t h e
C o n s tit u ti o n o f N e w ' o rk ' N o p e r s o n s h all b e
d e p r iv e d o f l ife l ib e r t y o r p r o p e r ty w ith o u t d u e
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p r o c e s s o f law i n t h is St a t e a t a n y r a t e T h e C o n
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A n d d o e s n o t th is C o ns ti t u ti o n s ay at t h e o u t se t ,
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th at it s o bj ec t i s t o e s t ab l is h j ust ice,
in it s p re am b le ,
t o g u ai d d o m e s ti c o r fi resid e t ra n qu illit y a n d t o
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t o o u i s e l v e s an d t o
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p e rs o n s o r to d epress an oth e r to e nn ob le t h e o n e 0 1
an d e s p e c i a lly n o t t o att a i n t t h e
c ha t t e li'e t h e o th e r
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A law th at a t t a i n t s t h e
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b l oo d , o r c r e ate s d i s abi l iti e s o n acc o u n t o f p ar e n t ag e
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fr e e d o m l i b e r ty , an d r ight a g a i n s t s lav e ry o ppr e s
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So u th e r n m as t e r s M ar k s ir t h e C o n s tit u ti o n g r an t s
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li m i t s la v es o r h o ld pr op e r t y in
s uppo r t Sla v er y
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fa ce t r afi ckers o f t h e N o r th th at d i c k e r w ith t h e
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If t h e N o r th w a s as u n an i m o u s as d e v o t e d an d
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o u r n a ti o n al t r o u b l e s w o u ld v n i s h l i k e t h e d e w a n d
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Sir n o thi n g is p l ai n e r th an is t h e C o n s tit u ti o n o n
thi s s u bj e c t I f p o l iti c i an s d ar e n o t o r ' i ll n o t u n
d e r s t an d it it is ti m e t h e fa rm ers t h e m ec h a n i cs t h e
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St o r y s ays t h e m e an i n g o f t h e i ns t ru m en t m u s t p ie
g ath e r e d fr o m it s
v a i l an d i t s m e an i n g m u s t b e
wo r d s , a nd t he S up rem e Co ur t h as s a id t h e s a m e
Sir , t h e C o n s tit u tio n of t h e U n it e d St at e s is a
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it s m e an i n g , an d th e r e ar e n o t w o w ay s ab o u t it '
a n d t o p r e v e n t a l l d o u bt o r c av i l , t h e Su p r e m e C o u r t
h a s e s t a b l i s h e d t h e fo ll o win g in v in c ib l e r u l e ' ' h e n
r i h t s ar e i n fr i n g e d w h e n f u n d a m e n t al p r i n c ip l e s a r e
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o v e r th r o wn
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p r e s s e d w ith i r r es is t i b le clearn ess
a m an w h o w o u l d s ay in s o b e r e ar n e s t t h at t h e C o n
s t it u t io n e X pr e s s e s w ith i r r e s i s tib le c l e arn e s s in fav o r
o f Sla v er y a n d a g a i n s t 'i b er t y , w o u l d b e a c u r io s it y
e n ti r e ly
' o w s tr an g e an d u n r e as o n ab l e , th e n , to c o n t e n d
th at t h e C o n s tit u ti o n w as m ad e to n o u r i s h an d e xt e n d
Sla v e r y I s th e r e a s i n gl e w o r d o r s e n ti m e n t in th at
g re at c h ar t e r o f 'i b e r ty th at fa vo r s it ' N o t a bit o f
it — n o t t h e fi r s t s y ll ab l e in fav o r of Sl a v e r y
F o r e m o s t c am e t h e 'e c l ar ati o n of A m er i c an I n
—
d e p en d ence
th e n t h e Co n s tit u
o u r firs t g r ea t la w
ti o n o f t h e b r av e 'ld Thi r t e e n fo l lo w e d an d b ac k e d
b y t h e C o n s tit u tio n of t h e U n it e d St a t e s an d all act
t o g e th er w i t h a u n it y an d t r in it y o f p u r p o s e t o m ai n
“
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t a i n an d d e fe n d t h e i n al i e n ab l e r ight s o f m an
'ight s th at n o m o r t al m an n o r h u m an G o v e r n m e n t
h as a r ight to a b r og a t e o r c a ll in q u e s tio n
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o f t h e U n i o n b a rs t h e d o or a a in s t i t
g
Sir , h as a St a t e o r t h e F e d e r al G o v e rn m e n t a
t h o r it y o r l e g al p o w e r t o m ak e o n e m an a s l av e t o
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N o b o d y p r et en ds i t
'a d t h e G e n e r al G o v e r n m e n t , o r a St at e G o v e r n
m e n t , e v e r t h e r ight t o d o it ' N o b o d w i ll c la im it
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“ as Sl av e r y all o w e d b y t h e c o l o n i a l c h ar t e r s fr o m
t h e 'r iti s h G ov e r n m e n t b e fo r e w e w e r e i n d e p e n d e n t '
'isa llo wed a n d pr ohib it ed b y ev er y o ne of t h em , an d
c o n d e m n e d a n d d r iv e n o u t o f E n g l an d b
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fi
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G r e at 'r it a i n
.
Th at d e c i s io n b y t h e hi gh c o u r t of E n g lan d '
'o r d
Chi e f J u s t i c e M a n s fi e l d ) to o k p l a c e t w o y e a r s b e fo r e
t h e 'e c l ar a ti o n o f I n d e p e n d e n c e a n d c o ver ed t his
,
,
,
,
c ou n t r
y
T hen
as
well
s ir ,
as
t ha t
.
Sla v er y here ' I t c am e h e r e
w it h o u t la w , in vio l ati o n o fl aw , b y fr a u d an d v iolen c e ,
a n d r e m a i n s h e re b
y n o b e tt er t i tl e
A n d n o w , s ir , w e are c all e d o n b y t h e r u l i n g p ar
t y , n o t m e r e l y to to l e r a t e Sl a v e ry , b u t t o l e g al i 'e it
a ll ov e r t h e U n it e d St a t e s
a n d t o d o it , t h e w ho l e
p o w e r a n d p at r o n a g e of t h e A d m i n i s t r at i o n is pu t in
T o d o it s ir , t h e g r e a t l e a d i n g i n t e r e s t s
r e q u i s iti o n
of
o f t h e c o u n tr
a r e d i s t u r b e d , an d t h e p r o s p e r it
y
y
fe c t e d , w hi l e t h e G o v e r n
t h e w h o l e p e o p l e s e r i o u s ly af
m e n t it s e l f i s b r o u ght t o t h e v e r y v er g e of b a nkrup t cy
w it h l itt l e o r n o p r o s p e c t o f r e l i e f w hi l e t h e p ar ty
n o w in p o w e r ar e s u ffe r e d to r e m a i n
Sir , i t is t h e n ati o n t h e A m e r i c an p e o p l e, w h o ar e
fe re r s an d t hey m u s t i n t e r fe r e b y t h e p e a c e
th e s u f
fu l an d p ot e n t r e m e d y of t h e b all ot box 'an d , s ir I
thi n k th e y w i ll i n t e r fe r e at th e i r e ar l i e s t o pp o r t u n ity
—
t h at w o u ld b e
l
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ll
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to
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Sec t i onal or n o t t he r e m u s t b e a r em edy
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c am e
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'u t w h o m ad e it
sec
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T he
p a rt y
in
p o wer
,
h av e m a d e it s e c ti o n al
T h e y h av e t ak e n t h e a ggr e s s w e an d c l a i m e d fo r
Sl a v e r y a l l t h e l an d th at j o i n s it
Th e y h av e u r g e d o n t h e t r i a l an d n o w l e t u s h av e
th e issu e
A s t h e Chi e f J u s ti c e o f E n gl an d s ai d in t h e s l a v e
c a s e r e fe r r e d t o w h e n h ar d p r e s s e d fo r a d e c i s i o n i n
fa vo r o f Slav e r y
I f y o u w ill h av e j u d g m e n t y o u
'
'e t t h e b l ac k m an b e d i s c h ar g e d
s h a ll h a v e j u s ti c e
I to l d y o u o n thi s 'o o r i n A p r i l 1 8 5 7 a n d I
r e p e a t it n o w th a t F r e e d o m a n d Sl a v e r y m u s t m e e t
fac e to fac e an d t r y titl e s ' th e r e c an b e n o j o i n t
a n d th at o n e o r t h e o th e r
o w n e r s hip b e w e e n th e m
T h e ti m e o f t r i al is at
m u s t h av e fu ll p o s s e s s i o n
h an d an d w e m ay as w e ll t ak e it c o o lly an d d elib
e r h ap s
p
f
o r t h e c r i s i s w i ll s u r e ly c o m e an d
e r at e l
y
I t is a s i n e vit ab l e as t h e m ar c h
at n o d i s t an t d ay
an d l e t u s m ak e
o f ti me o r t h e a pp r o a c h o f d e at h
u
u r m i n d s fo r it an d d o t h e b e s t w e c an
o
p
T h e i n d i c atio n s I th i n k ar e q u it e c l e ar t h at F r e e
d o m m u s t r u l e an d i f 1 8 0 0 d o e s n o t s o d e c i d e I w i ll
n e i t h e r a p r op h e t n o r t h e s o n o f a
c o n fe s s I a m
p r o ph e t n o r t h e g ran d s o n o f a p r oph e t
Th e r e is n o t m u c h r o o m fo r ar gu m e n t If w e h av e
a r e p r e s e n t a t iv e r e p u b l i c an G o v e r n m e n t Sla v er y d es
ss io n
o t is m o
re
c an n o t m u c h l o n g e r b e t o l e r a t e d
pp
p
A p r e ac h e r
an d m u c h l e s s all o w e d t h e pr e e m i n e n c e
o f t h e G o s p e l w i ll h ar d ly s e r v e o u t h is t e n
r s in
e
a
y
M ar y l an d St at e p r i s o n fo r h avi n g h a d an A n t i Slav e r y
b o o k i n h is h o u s e n o oth e r M r U n d e r w o o d w i ll b e
b a n i s h e d l i k e a t r a i t o r fr o m 'i r gi n i a h is n at iv e
h o m e fo r h a vi n g b e e n p r e s e n t at a 'e p u b l i c an N a
t io n al C o n v e n t io n at 'hi l a d e l phi a t o n o m i n at e a 'r e s
id e n t ial c an d i d at e fo r t h e 'e p u b l i c an p ar ty t o s u p
p o r t ' i s e r c o u n s el s w i ll p r e v ai l T hese t h i ng s a r e
s ir ,
.
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,
.
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.
,
,
,
,
,
-
.
-
.
,
,
,
,
'
,
.
.
not
to
be
r epea t ed
.
Sla v er y c a n m a ke no m o r e 'r es id en t s
T h e p res en t
o n e is t he la s t o
s u c cess i o n
t
h
e
0
m
o
r e 'r e s i d e n t s
N
f
t h at w i ll p r o c l ai m fr o m t h e E x e c u t iv e c h a i r t h a t t h e
.
.
F e d e r al C o n s titu ti o n c ar r i e s Sl av e r y e v e ry wh e r e
a n d th a t h e w i ll b a c k it w ith t h e a r m
u r Co n
C
y
s t it u t io n
g u ar an ti es t h e w r it o f ha b ea s c o rpu s a n d
t r i al b y j u r y an d b oth m u s t b e b l ot t e d o u t fo r e v e r
o r Sl a v e r
m
u s t r e ti r e fr o m t h e c o n t e s t a n d l e a v e fo r
y
p ar ts u n k n o w n I t m u s t h e r e aft e r b e c o n t e n t t o ac t
o n t h e d e fe n s iv e an d fi gh t o n t h e r e t r e at
I s ay t hi s
w ith n o u n k i n d fe e l i n g s t o w ar d s t h o s e o f t h e So u t h
w h o m ay d i ffe r w ith m e o n thi s i m p o r t an t an d t r o u b l e
far b e it fr o m m e
I k n o w th e y a r e
s o m e s u bj e c t
It
n o t respo n s i b le fo r i t s fi r s t i n t r o d u c t i o n a m o n g u s
c am e h e r e b y t o l e r a ti o n o f t h e 'r iti s h G o v e r n m e n t
w i t ho u t la w w hi l e w e w e r e colo n ies an d h as b e e n
fe r e d to r e m ai n in v io la t io n of la w e v e r s i n c e '
suf
a n d u n ti l it h as g r o w n t o b e an e n o r m o u s a n d al ar m
in g e vi l an d lo u d ly th r e at e n s t h e i n t e g r ity o f o ur
r e p u b l i c an i n s tit u tio n s an d t h e v e r y e xi s t e n c e of t h e
U n io n
I t e n t e r s i n to t h e e n ti re Ci r c u l ati o n o f t h e w h o l e
ca t i o n of t h e Fed era l
an d po iso n s ev er y r a m i
s ys te m
fi
.
,
,
,
.
.
,
.
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
A dm i n is t r a t i o n
I t h as c o m e t o thi s , th at n o l aw c an b e p as s e d , n o
o i n t m en t m a d e , n o c o n t r a c t g i v en o u t , b u t t h e i n
a
pp
T he q ues
t e r e s t o f Sl av e r y m u s t fi r s t b e c o n s u lt e d
tio n of a d m itti n g St at es i n t o t h e U n i o n h as t o u n d e r
o thi s a ll c o n t r o lli n g s cr u t i n y
g
—
—
w
on
u r s t at u t e b o o k s t o
o
A la w y e s , s ir a la
y
d ay , fr e s h fr o m t h e m i n t , n o t a y e ar o l d , p r ovi d e
th at , fo r t h e a d m i s s i o n o f 'a ns a s a s a fr e e St at e , s h e
m u s t h a v e n in et y t h ree t h o us a n d fo ur h u n d r ed a n d
t wen t y in h a b it a n t s , an d th at , to o , b y a l e g ally c e r ti
fi e d c e n s u s w hi l e t h e s am e l aw all o w s h e r to c o m e
i s as a s l a v e St at e w ith h al f th at n u m b e r , m o r e o r l e s s ,
an d w ith o u t an y c o u n t at a ll
Sir , F r e e d o m an d Sl a v e r y ar e s o op p o s it e , ar e s o
a n t a g o n is t i c , th a t th e y c a nn o t b e s u s ta i n e d b y t h e
.
.
-
.
.
-
-
.
C o n s tit u tio n
T h e y c an n o t s it at t h e s am e t ab l e a n d b e n o u r i s h e d
b y t h e s am e ali m e n t ' h a t is m e a t fo r o n e is p oi s o n
'n e o r t h e oth e r m u s t p e r i sh
fo r t h e oth e r
s am e
.
,
.
.
.