Unit 9 – Terms and Concepts
Chapters 19-20
Irish/BHS
Spring, 2013
Chapter 19-Toward an Urban Society, 1877-1900
(*Continuation of Chapter 19):
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41. Settlement House Movement
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Jane Addams’s Hull House - Chicago
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Lillian Wald’s Henry Street Settlement – New York
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Florence Kelley – Illinois Factory Act of 1893
42. Reformers (“Youthful, idealistic, and mostly middle-class”)
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Well-educated, middle-class women
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Early beginnings of the Progressive Era
43. 1920 Census
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most Americans lived in cities (population shift)
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culturally pluralistic society / “melting pot”
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Reasons for rapid urbanization in the late 1800s.
Effects of urbanization
Louis H. Sullivan and the Chicago skyscrapers
New innovations / technology
Electric elevators
Mass transit systems
The middle-class and growth of the suburbs
Working-class and immigrant slums
Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives (1890)
Tenements and Dumbbell Tenements
“new immigrants” vs. “old immigrants”
American Protective Association & The Immigration Restriction
League
Political machines
Tammany Hall and William H. “Boss” Tweed & his Tweed Ring
Thomas Nast (*See political cartoon and caption on pg. 557)
Population growth and demographic change (pg. 558-559)
William James (pg. 559)
The code of Victorian morality, middle-class values, and fashion
Mugwumps (pg. 560)
Frances Willard and the WCTU
Comstock Law
New sources of popular culture and entertainment
Impact of industrialization and urbanization on family life
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Working-class vs. Middle-class
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“separate sphere of domesticity”
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Decline in fertility rates
“new woman” (causes and effects)
Educating the Masses (pg. 563-565)
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) – “separate but equal”
Jim Crow segregation
The Civil Rights Cases (1883)
Cumming v. County Board of Education (1899)
Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862
Booker T. Washington (beliefs)
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Tuskegee Institute
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Atlanta Exposition in 1895
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Atlanta Compromise
W.E.B. Du Bois (beliefs)
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The Souls of Black Folk (1903)
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“talented tenth”
Doctrine of Social Darwinism
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Herbert Spencer and “survival of the fittest”
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William Graham Sumner
Henry George & Progress and Poverty (1879)
Clarence Darrow
Richard T. Ely and the American Economic Association
Thorstein Veblen & The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899)
Edward Bellamy & Looking Backward, 2000-1887 (1887)
Walter Rauschenbusch
Social Gospel and social justice
*Chapter 20 Terms & Concepts appear on page 2.
Unit 9 – Terms and Concepts
Chapters 19-20
Chapter 20-Political Realignments in the 1890s
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Causes and Effects of the Panic (depression) of 1893
Political participation and Voter turnout in the late 1800s
Women’s suffrage in the western states
Minor v. Happersett (1875)
Poll taxes and Literacy tests
Williams v. Mississippi (1898)
“grandfather clause”
Political Party Loyalties and Party Platforms
Attitudes toward the federal government (pg. 586)
Role of States in Regulating the New Industrial Society
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Regulating the railroads
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Munn v. Illinois (1877)
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Wasbash, St. Louis, & Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois
(1886) – aka The Wabash Case
Interstate Commerce Act (1887)
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Interstate Commerce Commission – 1 federal
regulatory agency
The “Forgotten Presidents” of the Gilded Age:
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Rutherford B. Hayes (1876) - Republican
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James A. Garfield (1880) - Republican
i. Wanted to reform the spoils system (civil
service reform)
ii. Assassinated by Charles Guiteau
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Chester A. Arthur (1881) - Republican
i. Supported passage of the Pendleton Act
ii. Civil Service Reform
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Grover Cleveland (1884) & (1892) – Democrat
i. Main goal was to lower the tariff
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Benjamin Harrison (1888) – Republican
Division within the Republican Party during the 1870s-1880s
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Stalwarts – Roscoe Conkling
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Half-Breeds – James G. Blain
McKinley Tariff Act (1890)
Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) – “every contract, combination in
the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of
trade or commerce” is illegal.
United States v. E.C. Knight Co. (1895)
The money issue (gold standard vs. free coinage of silver) - *see
textbook AND class notes.
Republican Congress of 1890 – “Billion-Dollar Congress”
Rise of the Populists (*see textbook AND class notes)
Agrarian (Farm) Discontent (causes and effects)
Farm Organizations (The Grange and Farmers’ Alliance)
June, 1890 – Kansas Alliance forms first major People’s Party
(later known as the Populists).
Thomas E. Watson
Mary E. Lease – advised farmers to “raise less corn and more
hell.”
Ocala Demands platform
July, 1892 in Omaha, Nebraska – Populist Party (national third
party is officially formed)
James B. Weaver and the Election of 1892
Panic of 1893 (causes and effects)
Jacob Coxey and Coxey’s Army
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Irish/BHS
Spring, 2013
Pullman Strike (1894) – (causes and effects) – page 595
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Eugene V. Debs
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President Cleveland’s justification for using a court
injunction
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In re Debs (1895) – Supreme Court Decision
Cleveland’s repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act (causes
and effects) – page 597
Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act
Pollock v. Farmer’s Loan and Trust Co. (1895)
Horatio Alger
Trends in American Literature – movement from romanticism
toward realism and naturalism
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Mark Twain – Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn
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William Dean Howells – A Traveler from Altruria
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Stephen Crane – Red Badge of Courage and Maggie a
Girl of the Streets
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Frank Norris – The Octopus
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Jack London – The Call of the Wild
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Theodore Dreiser – Sister Carrie
Election of 1896
Free Coinage of Silver
William McKinley (1896) – Republican
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Marcus A. Hanna – campaign manager
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Supported the gold standard
William Jennings Bryan – Democrat/Populist
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Defended free silver
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“Cross of Gold Speech” – Democratic Convention
Election of 1896 – marks the shift from rural to urban voters
Lasting influences of the Populists? – pg. 606
McKinley’s Administration
Dingley Tariff (1897)
Gold Standard Act (1900)
Election of 1900
McKinley’s assassination
President Theodore Roosevelt