Possibly Useful Information (bold indicates a vector)
v = vo + a t
x = vot + ½ a t2
v2 = vo2 + 2 a x
1 in = 2.54 cm
W=mg
g = 9.8 m/s2
fk = k n
fs  s n
sin θ = opposite/hyp
cos θ = adjacent/hyp
tan θ = opposite/adj
a 2 + b2 = c 2
1 kg = 2.2 pounds
1 m = 3.28 ft quadratic: ax2+bx+c=0
Newton’s 1st Law:
Newton’s 2nd Law:
x=(-b(b2-4ac)^½)/2a
Every object continues in its state of rest, or of constant speed in a straight
line, until a nonzero net force acts on it.
net F = m a
Newton’s 3rd Law:
When one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts
an equal and opposite force on the first object.
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Work = 𝐹|| ∆𝑥 = (component of force in the direction of displacement) (displacement)
Kinetic Energy:
KE = ½ m v2
Work-Energy Theorem
Power = Work/time
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑊𝑛𝑐 + 𝑊𝑐 = ∆𝐾𝐸
Gravitational Potential Energy:
Work done by gravity:
GPE = mgy
where y is vertical position
𝑊𝑔 = −∆𝐺𝑃𝐸
Wnc + KEi + PEi = KEf + PEf
where Wnc is work done by frictional forces
KEi + PEi = KEf + PEf
if there is no friction
Momentum: p = m v
I (impulse) = change in momentum = F Δt
Conservation of momentum: m1v1i + m2v2i = m1v1f + m2v2f
Elastic collision: v1i-v2i = -(v1f-v2f) Perfectly inelastic collision: m1v1i + m2v2i = (m1+ m2)vf
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θ=s/r ω = ∆θ/∆t
α = ∆ω/∆t
v=rω
aT = r α
aC = v2/r = r ω2
θ = ωot + ½ α t2
ω = ωo + α t
G = 6.673x10-11 N m2/kg2
1 revolution = 2π radians
F = G m1m2/r2
L=Iω
ω 2 = ω o2 + 2 α  θ
PEEarth = -G ME m/r
KErot = ½ I ω 2
τ = r F⏊
ME = 5.972 x 1024 kg
τnet = I α = ∆L/∆t
I = Σmr2
KERi + KETi +PEi = KERf + KETf + PEf
Conservation of angular momentum: Li = Lf
ρ = M/V
P = F/A
stress=elastic modulus x strain
F/A = S∆x/h (shear modulus)
F/A = Y ∆L/L0 (Young’s modulus)
∆P = -B ∆V/V (bulk modulus)
density of fresh water = 1.00 x 103 kg/m3
Area of a circle = πr2
P = P0 + ρgh B = ρVg
P1 + ½ ρv12 + ρgy1 = P2 + ½ ρv22 + ρgy2
A1v1 = A2v2
TC = T – 273.15
TF = 9/5 TC + 32
∆L = α L0 ∆T
∆A = γ A0 ∆T
∆V = β V0 ∆T