DESCRIPTION OF PRIMARY SOURCES
Addendum to John Gerring, Party Ideologies in America, 1828-1996 (Cambridge University Press, 1998).
Legend
Address: The nomination acceptance address, or substitute texts (prior to the introduction of this rhetorical practice), used in the
content analysis.
Democratic: The Democratic party (including the Democratic-Republican party from 1828 to 1832, and the Liberal-Democratic party in
1872).
Republican: The Republican party (including the Union-Republican party in 1864).
Whig: The Whig party (including the National-Republican party from 1828 to 1832).
Platform: The national party platform, or substitute texts (prior to the introduction of official party platforms), used in the content
analysis.
Spokespersons: The spokespersons whose speeches and writings were used to track party rhetoric in a specific election. (The total
number of texts authored by that person are enumerated in parentheses.)
Primary sources: The most important primary sources consulted for that election.
1828
Democratic platform: "Address to the Republican Electors of the State of New York," by the New York Republican State Convention,
9/29/1828 (Evening Post [New York] 9/30/1828).
Democratic address: Andrew Jackson, inaugural address, 3/4/1829 (Richardson 1897, 2: 999-1001).
Democratic spokespersons: Anonymous (8), Andrew Jackson (3), Pleasant H. May (1).
Whig platform: "Address to the People of Virginia," by the Virginia Anti-Jackson Convention, 1/17/1828, and "Address to the People of
New York," by the New York National-Republicans, 6/23/1828 (Schlesinger 1971, 1: 464-79).
Whig address: Henry Clay, speech, 8/26/1828 (Evening Post [New York], 9/9/1828).
Whig spokespersons: John Q. Adams (1), Henry Clay (4).
Primary sources: National Intelligencer, Schlesinger (1971, 1).
1832
Democratic platform: "Address to the Democracy of New York from the New York Republican State Convention" (Evening Post [New
York] 10/3/1832).
Democratic address: Martin Van Buren, speech, 10/4/1832 (Evening Post [New York], 10/18/1832).
Democratic spokespersons: John C. Calhoun (5), Robert Hayne (1), Andrew Jackson (10), John L. Stephens (1), Martin Van Buren
(1).
Whig platform: "Address of the Convention" (Schlesinger 1971, 1: 553-66).
Whig address: Daniel Webster, Worcester, MA, 10/12/1832 (Webster 1986, 1: 531-69).
Whig spokespersons: Anonymous (1), Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen (1), Daniel Webster (2).
Primary sources: Evening Post [New York], Jackson (1831), Schlesinger (1971, 1), Webster and Hayne's...(n.d.); Webster (1986).
1836
Democratic platform: "Statement by the Democratic Republicans of the United States" (Schlesinger 1971, 1: 616-38).
Democratic address: Martin Van Buren, open letter to North Carolina constituents, 3/6/1836 (Schlesinger 1971, 1: 601-06).
Democratic spokespersons: Evening Post [New York] editorials (11), Andrew Jackson (8), William Leggett (1), Massachusetts State
Party (1), New York State Party (3), Martin Van Buren (6).
Whig platform: "To the People of Virginia" the Second Address of the Whig Central Corresponding Committee, Richmond, VA,
10/14/1836 (National Intelligencer 10/22/1836).
Whig address: William H. Harrison, letter to Sherod Williams, 4/7/1836 (Schlesinger 1971, 1: 608-13).
Whig spokespersons: Anonymous (1), Henry Clay (1), William H. Harrison (3), William Primce (1).
Primary sources: Evening Post [New York], National Intelligencer, Richardson (1897, 2), Schlesinger (1971, 1), Van Buren (1836).
1840
Democratic platform: national party platform (Johnson 1958: 1-2).
Democratic address: Martin Van Buren, open letter to John B. Cary and others of Elizabeth City County, VA, 7/31/1840 (Van Buren
1840).
Democratic spokespersons: Anonymous (2), James Buchanan (2), Andrew Jackson (1), Martin Van Buren (8).
Whig platform: "Address to the Young Men of the State of New York," read by William Seward at the New York state party
convention, 9/1840 (Log Cabin 9/26/1840).
Whig address: William H. Harrison, speech, Dayton, OH, 9/10/1840 (Schlesinger 1971, 1: 737-44).
Whig spokespersons: Ellory Channing (1), Henry Clay (6), Judge Hanson (1), William H. Harrison (8), Paul Inglis (1), Charles Ogle
(1), S.S. Prentiss (1), Stephen Van Rensselaer (1), Daniel Webster (6).
Primary sources: Log Cabin, Norton (1888), Richardson (1897, 2), Schlesinger (1971, 1).
1844
Democratic platform: (Johnson 1958: 3-4).
Democratic address: James Polk, open letter to John K. Kane, 6/9/1844, and acceptance letter, 6/12/1844 (Schlesinger 1971, 1: 85354).
Democratic spokespersons: Stephen Douglas (1), James Polk (3), Martin Van Buren (2).
Whig platform: (Johnson 1958: 8-9).
Whig address: Henry Clay, speech, 4/13/1844 (New York Tribune 6/29/1844).
Whig spokespersons: Anonymous (2), J.M. Botts (1), Henry Clay (6), John M. Clayton (1), Horace Greeley (1), John A. King (1),
William Seward (1), Daniel Webster (2).
Primary sources: Brownlow (1844), Colton (1844), New York Tribune, Schlesinger (1971, 1).
1848
Democratic platform: (Johnson 1958: 10-12).
Democratic address: Lewis Cass, open letter to Alfred Osborne Pope Nicholson, 12/24/1847 (Schlesinger 1971, 1: 906-12), and letter
of acceptance, 5/30/1848 (Young 1852: 360-62).
Democratic spokespersons: Anonymous (13), Lewis Cass (12), B.G. Hallett (1), George H. Hickman (1), James K. Polk (6).
Whig platform: (Johnson 1958: 14-15).
Whig address: Zachary Taylor, open letters to John Stadler Allison, 4/22/1848 and 9/4/1848 (Schlesinger 1971, 1: 913-17).
Whig spokespersons: Anonymous (2), J.M. Botts (1), Henry Clay (1), William H. Seward (2), Zachary Taylor (3), Daniel Webster (5).
Primary sources: Address of the National Democratic Republican Committee (1848), The Campaign (1848), Cass (1852), New York
Tribune, Richardson (1897), Schlesinger (1971, 2), Webster (1988).
1852
Democratic platform: (Johnson 1958: 16-18).
Democratic address: James Buchanan, speech, Greensburg, PA, 10/7/1852 (Buchanan 1909, 8: 460-91).
Democratic spokespersons: James Buchanan (1), Lewis Cass (1), Stephen Douglas (1), Charles James Faulkner (1), Franklin Pierce
(1).
Whig platform: (Johnson 1958: 20-21).
Whig address: Henry J. Raymond, speech, 10/27/1852 (New York Tribune 10/29/1852).
Whig spokespersons: Henry J. Raymond (1), Winfield Scott (2), Zachary Taylor (2).
Primary sources: New York Tribune, Schlesinger (1971, 2).
1856
Democratic platform: (Johnson 1958: 23-27).
Democratic address: James Buchanan, acceptance letter, 6/16/1856 (The Democratic Hand-Book 1856: 76-78).
Democratic spokespersons: Anonymous (2), James Buchanan (1), Stephen Douglas (4), Andrew Johnson (3), Franklin Pierce (5).
Republican platform: (Johnson 1958: 27/28).
Republican address: John Fremont, acceptance letter, 7/8/1856 (Bigelow 1856: 456-59).
Republican spokespersons: James Blaine (1), John Fremont (4), William H. Seward (4).
Primary sources: Bigelow (1856), Carr (1909), The Democratic Hand-Book (1856), Johnson (1970), Richardson (1897), Schlesinger
(1971, 2), Seward (1884).
1860
Democratic platform: (Johnson 1958: 30-31).
Democratic address: Stephen A. Douglas, letter of acceptance, 6/29/1860 (Official Proceedings of the Democratic National
Convention.., 1860: 182-84).
Democratic spokespersons: James Buchanan (7), Stephen Douglas (5).
Republican platform: (Johnson 1958: 31-33).
Republican address: Abraham Lincoln, 3/6/1860 (Lincoln 1989b: 132-51).
Republican spokespersons: John B. Alley (1), James G. Blaine (1), James H. Campbell (1), G.A. Grow (1), James T. Hale (1), James
Harlan (1), John Hutchins (1), Abraham Lincoln (5), Robert McNight (1), J.K. Moorhead (1), Justin S. Morrill (1), Carl Schurz (3),
William H. Seward (12), John Sherman (1), Charles Sumner (1).
Primary sources: Flint (1860), Lincoln (1989b), Official Proceedings of the Democratic National Convention.. (1860), Richardson
(1897), Schlesinger (1971, 2), Schurz (1913), Seward (1884).
1864
Democratic platform: (Johnson 1958: 34-35).
Democratic address: George B. McClellan, letter of acceptance, 9/8/1864 (Hand-Book of the Democracy for 1863 & '64, 1864).
Democratic spokespersons: Anonymous (2), James Brooks (1), George F. Comstock (1), James Gallatin (1), James Guthrie (1), Okey
Hall (1), Reverdy Johnson (1), George B. McClellan (4), Frederick Theodore Parker (1), Horatio Seymour (1), John Van Buren (2),
Robert C. Winthrop (1).
Republican platform: (Johnson 1958: 35-36).
Republican address: Andrew Johnson, acceptance letter, 7/2/1864 national party platform (Johnson 1986, 7: 7-11).
Republican spokespersons: James G. Blaine (1), Andrew Johnson (5), Francis Lieber (1), Abraham Lincoln (9), Carl Schurz (1).
Primary sources: Hand-Book of the Democracy for 1863 & '64 (1864), Johnson (1986), Lincoln (1989), Schlesinger (1971, 2).
1868
Democratic platform: (Johnson 1958: 37-39).
Democratic address: Horatio Seymour, acceptance letter, 8/4/1868 (Schlesinger 1971, 2: 1282-86).
Democratic spokespersons: Frank P. Blair (7), Horatio Seymour (5), Samuel J. Tilden (2).
Republican platform: (Johnson 1958: 39-40).
Republican address: James A. Garfield, acceptance speech, 8/28/1868 (Garfield 1882, 1: 390-407).
Republican spokespersons: James G. Blaine (1), James A. Garfield (1), Ulysses S. Grant (2), Rutherford B. Hayes (2), Carl Schurz
(1).
Primary sources: McCabe (1868), Schlesinger (1971, 2), Tilden (1885).
1872
Democratic platform: (Johnson 1958: 41).
Democratic address: Horace Greeley, acceptance letter to the Liberal Republican party, 5/20/1872, and acceptance letter to the
Democratic party, 7/18/1872 (Schlesinger 1971, 2: 1357-59, 1370-72).
Democratic spokespersons: Horace Greeley (2), Carl Schurz (2), Samuel J. Tilden (2).
Republican platform: (Johnson 1958: 46-47).
Republican address: Henry Wilson, letter of acceptance, 6/10/1872, and speech, 7/24/1872 (Campaign Documents issued by the
Union Republican Congressional Executive Committee, 1872).
Republican spokespersons: Anonymous (2), James G. Blaine (2), Roscoe Conkling (1872), Columbus Delano (1), James A. Garfield
(1), Ulysses S. Grant (4), John A. Logan (1), Gerrit Smith (1), Henry Wilson (3).
Primary sources: Campaign Documents issued by the Union Republican Congressional Executive Committee (1872), Schlesinger
(1971, 2), Schurz (1913), Tilden (1885).
1876
Democratic platform: (Johnson 1958: 49-51).
Democratic address: Samuel J. Tilden, acceptance letter, 7/31/1876 (Schlesinger 1971, 2: 1451-53).
Democratic spokespersons: Thomas A. Hendrick (1), Samuel J. Tilden (1).
Republican platform: (Johnson 1958: 53-54).
Republican address: Rutherford B. Hayes, acceptance letter, 7/8/1876 (Schlesinger 1971, 2: 1448-50).
Republican spokespersons: Anonymous (6), Henry C. Carey (1), James A. Garfield (2), Rutherford B. Hayes (1), William A. Wheeler
(1).
Primary sources: Documents issued by the Union Republican Congressional Committee (1877), Schlesinger (1971, 2).
1880
Democratic
Democratic
Democratic
Republican
platform: (Johnson 1958: 56-57).
address: Winfield S. Hancock, acceptance letter, 7/29/1880 (Schlesinger 1971, 2: 1542-43).
spokespersons: William H. English (1), Winfield S. Hancock (4).
platform: (Johnson 1958: 60-62).
Republican address: James A. Garfield, acceptance letter, 7/12/1880 (Schlesinger 1971, 2: 1534-38).
Republican spokespersons: Chester A. Arthur (1), Roscoe Conkling (1), James A. Garfield (12), Ulysses S. Grant (1), John A. Logan
(2), Richard J. Oglesby (1), Carl Schurz (1), John Sherman (1).
Primary sources: The Campaign Text Book... (1880), Documents issued by the Union Republican Congressional Committee (1880),
Garfield (n.d.; 1883), Grant (1880), Schlesinger (1971, 2).
1884
Democratic platform: (Johnson 1958: 65-68).
Democratic address: Grover Cleveland, acceptance letter, 8/18/1884 (Cleveland 1909: 51-55).
Democratic spokespersons: Grover Cleveland (10).
Republican platform: (Johnson 1958: 72-73).
Republican address: James G. Blaine, acceptance letter, 7/15/1884 (Schlesinger 1973, 2: 1460-69).
Republican spokespersons: James G. Blaine (17), John A. Logan (1).
Primary sources: Blaine (1887), Cleveland (1892; 1909), Proceedings of the Eighth Republican National Convention, 1884 (1884),
Schlesinger (1971, 2).
1888
Democratic platform: (Johnson 1958: 76-78).
Democratic address: Grover Cleveland, acceptance letter, 9/8/1888 (Schlesinger 1971, 2: 1683-90).
Democratic spokespersons: Grover Cleveland (10).
Republican platform: (Johnson 1958: 79-83).
Republican address: Benjamin Harrison, acceptance letter, 9/11/1888 (Schlesinger 1971, 2: 1691-96).
Republican spokespersons: Benjamin Harrison (14).
Primary sources: Cleveland (1892), Harrison (1892), Richardson (1897), Schlesinger (1971, 2).
1892
Democratic platform: (Johnson 1958: 86-89).
Democratic address: Grover Cleveland, acceptance letter, 9/26/1892 (Schlesinger 1971, 2: 1765-69).
Democratic spokespersons: Grover Cleveland (23).
Republican platform: (Johnson 1958: 93-95).
Republican address: Benjamin Harrison, acceptance letter, 9/3/1892 (Schlesinger 1973, 2: 1516-30).
Republican spokespersons: Benjamin Harrison (2).
Primary sources: Cleveland (1892), Schlesinger (1971, 2).
1896
Democratic platform: (Johnson 1958: 97-100).
Democratic address: William Jennings Bryan, acceptance letter, 9/9/1896 (Bryan 1896: 409-14).
Democratic spokespersons: William Jennings Bryan (11).
Republican platform: (Johnson 1958).
Republican address: William McKinley, acceptance speech, 8/26/1896 (Schlesinger 1971, 2: 1863-71).
Republican spokespersons: William McKinley (14).
Primary sources: Bryan (1896), McKinley (1896a; 1896b; 1896c), New York Times, Schlesinger (1971, 2).
1900
Democratic platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 3: 1919-23).
Democratic address: William Jennings Bryan, acceptance letter, 9/18/1900 (New York Times, 9/18/1900).
Democratic spokespersons: William Jennings Bryan (9).
Republican platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 3: 1924-27).
Republican address: William McKinley, acceptance letter, 9/8/1900 (Boston Sunday Globe, 9/9/1900).
Republican spokespersons: Mark Hanna (1), William McKinley (3), Theodore Roosevelt (8), Elihu Root (1).
Primary sources: Bryan (1900), New York Times, Schlesinger (1971, 3).
1904
Democratic platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 3: 1995-2001).
Democratic address: Alton B. Parker, formal letter of acceptance, 9/26/1904 (The Campaign Text Book of the Democratic Party of the
United States, 1904: 400-17).
Democratic spokespersons: Alton B. Parker (5).
Republican platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 3: 2002-06).
Republican address: Theodore Roosevelt, acceptance letter, 9/12/1904 (Roosevelt 1910: 47-94).
Republican spokespersons: Theodore Roosevelt (3), Elihu Root (1), William H. Taft (1).
Primary sources: The Campaign Text Book of the Democratic Party of the United States (1904), New York Times, Republican
Campaign Textbook (1904), Roosevelt (1919), Schlesinger (1971, 3).
1908
Democratic platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 3: 2091-2100).
Democratic address: William Jennings Bryan, acceptance speech, 8/12/1908 (Schlesinger 1973, 2: 1120-28).
Democratic spokespersons: William Jennings Bryan (12).
Republican platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 3: 2101-09).
Republican address: William H. Taft, acceptance speech, 7/28/1908 (Republican Campaign Text-book 1908: 1-28).
Republican spokespersons: William H. Taft (15).
Primary sources: Bryan (1913), Republican Campaign Text-book (1908), Schlesinger (1971, 3), Taft (1910).
1912
Democratic platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 3: 2167-77).
Democratic address: Woodrow Wilson, acceptance speech, 8/7/1912 (Schlesinger 1971, 3: 2227-36).
Democratic spokespersons: Woodrow Wilson (65).
Republican platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 3: 2178-85).
Republican address: William H. Taft, acceptance speech, 8/2/1912 (Schlesinger 1971, 3: 2204-19).
Republican spokespersons: William H. Taft (7).
Primary sources: New York Times, Schlesinger (1971, 3), Wilson (1913; 1956).
1916
Democratic platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 3: 2271-80).
Democratic address: Woodrow Wilson, acceptance speech, 9/2/1916 (Schlesinger 1971, 3: 2308-17).
Democratic spokespersons: Woodrow Wilson (15).
Republican platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 3: 2281-85).
Republican address: Charles Evans Hughes, acceptance speech, 7/31/1916 (Schlesinger 1971, 3: 2294-2307).
Republican spokespersons: Charles Evans Hughes (23).
Primary sources: New York Times, Schlesinger (1971, 3), Wilson (1982).
1920
Democratic platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 3: 2387-2402).
Democratic address: James M. Cox, acceptance speech, 8/7/1920 (The Democratic Text Book 1920: 45-70).
Democratic spokespersons: James M. Cox (16).
Republican platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 3: 2403-16).
Republican address: Warren G. Harding, acceptance speech, 7/22/1920 (Harding 1920b: 20-37).
Republican spokespersons: Warren G. Harding (49).
Primary sources: The Democratic Text Book (1920), Harding (1920a; 1920b), New York Times, Schlesinger (1971, 3).
1924
Democratic platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 3: 2491-2504).
Democratic address: John W. Davis, acceptance speech, 8/11/1924 (The Democratic Campaign Book 1924: 107-24).
Democratic spokespersons: John W. Davis (19).
Republican platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 3: 2505-16).
Republican address: Calvin Coolidge, acceptance speech, 8/14/1924 (Coolidge 1924: 3-16).
Republican spokespersons: Calvin Coolidge (22).
Primary sources: Coolidge (1924; 1926), The Democratic Campaign Book (1924), New York Times, Schlesinger (1971, 3).
1928
Democratic platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 3: 2611-23).
Democratic address: Alfred E. Smith, acceptance speech, 8/22/1928 (Singer 1976: 34-52).
Democratic spokespersons: Alfred E. Smith (20).
Republican platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 3: 2624-40).
Republican address: Herbert Hoover, acceptance speech, 8/11/1928 (Singer 1976: 4-21).
Republican spokespersons: Herbert Hoover (10).
Primary sources: Hoover (1929), Schlesinger (1971, 3), Smith (1929).
1932
Democratic platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 3: 2741-43).
Democratic address: Franklin D. Roosevelt, acceptance speech, 7/2/1932 (Schlesinger 1971, 3: 2784-91).
Democratic spokespersons: Franklin D. Roosevelt (22).
Republican platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 3: 2744-61).
Republican address: Herbert Hoover, acceptance speech, 8/11/1932 (Schlesinger 1971, 3: 2792-2805).
Republican spokespersons: Herbert Hoover (37).
Primary sources: Hoover (1977), Roosevelt (1938, 1), Schlesinger (1971, 3).
1936
Democratic platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 3: 2851-55).
Democratic address: Franklin D. Roosevelt, acceptance speech, 6/27/1936 (Singer 1976: 125-29).
Democratic spokespersons: Franklin D. Roosevelt (39).
Republican platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 3: 2856-63).
Republican address: Alfred M. Landon, acceptance speech, 7/23/1936 (Singer 1976: 136-45).
Republican spokespersons: Alfred M. Landon (17).
Primary sources: New York Times, Roosevelt (V, 1938), Schlesinger (1971, 3).
1940
Democratic platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 4: 2947-57).
Democratic address: Franklin D. Roosevelt, acceptance speech, 7/19/1940 (Schlesinger 1971, 4: 2967-73).
Democratic spokespersons: Franklin D. Roosevelt (19).
Republican platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 4: 2958-66).
Republican address: Wendell L. Willkie, acceptance speech, 8/17/1940 (Singer 1976: 171-82).
Republican spokespersons: Wendell L. Willkie (17).
Primary sources: New York Times, Roosevelt (1941), Schlesinger (1971, 4), Willkie (1940).
1944
Democratic platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 4: 3039-41).
Democratic address: Franklin D. Roosevelt, acceptance speech, 7/20/1944 (Singer 1976: 194-98).
Democratic spokespersons: Franklin D. Roosevelt (14).
Republican platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 4: 3042-52).
Republican address: Thomas E. Dewey, acceptance speech, 6/28/1944 (Singer 1976: 205-10).
Republican spokespersons: Thomas E. Dewey (23).
Primary sources: Dewey (1946), Roosevelt (1946, 13), Schlesinger (1971, 4).
1948
Democratic platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 4: 3147).
Democratic address: Harry S. Truman, acceptance speech, 7/15/1948 (Schlesinger 1971, 4: 3187-91).
Democratic spokespersons: Harry S. Truman (25).
Republican platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 4: 3156-61).
Republican address: Thomas E. Dewey, acceptance speech, 6/24/1948 (Singer 1976: 229-32).
Republican spokespersons: Thomas E. Dewey (25).
Primary sources: Dewey (1950), Schlesinger (1971, 4), Truman (1948-49).
1952
Democratic platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 4: 3267-80).
Democratic address: Adlai Stevenson, acceptance speech, 7/26/1952 (Singer 1976: 251-55).
Democratic spokespersons: Adlai Stevenson (50).
Republican platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 4: 3281-92).
Republican address: Dwight D. Eisenhower, acceptance speech, 7/11/1952 (Singer 1976: 242-44).
Republican spokespersons: Dwight D. Eisenhower (38).
Primary sources: Eisenhower (1952; 1970), Schlesinger (1971, 4), Stevenson (1953).
1956
Democratic platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 4: 3355-84).
Democratic address: Adlai Stevenson, acceptance speech, 8/17/1956 (Schlesinger 1971, 4: 3413-18).
Democratic spokespersons: Adlai Stevenson (36).
Republican platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 4: 3385-3411).
Republican address: Dwight D. Eisenhower, acceptance speech, 8/23/1956 (Schlesinger 1971, 4: 3419-27).
Republican spokespersons: Dwight D. Eisenhower (19).
Primary sources: Eisenhower (1957), Schlesinger (1971, 4), Stevenson (1957).
1960
Democratic platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 4: 3471-3509).
Democratic address: John F. Kennedy, acceptance speech, 7/15/1960 (Schlesinger 1971, 4: 3541-45).
Democratic spokespersons: John F. Kennedy (40).
Republican platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 4: 3510-35).
Republican address: Richard M. Nixon, acceptance speech, 7/28/1960 (Schlesinger 1971, 4: 3549-58).
Republican spokespersons: Richard M. Nixon (48).
Primary sources: Schlesinger (1971, 4), Senate (1961a; 1961b).
1964
Democratic platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 4: 3595-3633).
Democratic address: Lyndon B. Johnson, acceptance speech, 8/27/1964 (Schlesinger 1971, 4: 3674-78).
Democratic spokespersons: Lyndon B. Johnson (62).
Republican platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 4: 3634-55).
Republican address: Barry Goldwater, acceptance speech, 7/17/1964 (Schlesinger 1971, 4: 3664-70).
Republican spokespersons: Barry Goldwater (13).
Primary sources: Goldwater (1964), Johnson (1965), New York Times, Schlesinger (1971, 4), Senate (1964).
1968
Democratic platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 4: 3753-80).
Democratic address: Hubert Humphrey, acceptance speech, 8/29/1968 (Schlesinger 1971, 4: 3841-47).
Democratic spokespersons: Hubert Humphrey (9).
Republican platform: (Schlesinger 1971, 4: 3780-94).
Republican address: Richard M. Nixon, acceptance speech, 8/8/1968 (Schlesinger 1971, 4: 3832-40; Singer 1976: 356-66).
Republican spokespersons: Richard M. Nixon (8).
Primary sources: Humphrey speech texts (obtained from the Minnesota Historical Society), Nixon speech texts (obtained from the
Richard Nixon Library), Schlesinger (1971, 4).
1972
Democratic platform: (Johnson 1978: 782-819).
Democratic address: George McGovern, acceptance speech, 7/14/1972 (Singer 1976: 408-13).
Democratic spokespersons: George McGovern (27).
Republican platform: (Johnson 1978: 851-86).
Republican address: Richard M. Nixon, acceptance speech, 8/23/1972 (Singer 1976: 392-401).
Republican spokespersons: Richard M. Nixon (35).
Primary sources: McGovern (1974), Nixon (1974), Schlesinger (1986).
1976
Democratic platform: (Johnson 1978: 915-46).
Democratic address: Jimmy Carter, acceptance speech, 7/15/1976 (Bush 1985: 230-37).
Democratic spokespersons: Jimmy Carter (50).
Republican platform: (Johnson 1978: 965-93).
Republican address: Gerald Ford, acceptance speech, 8/19/1976 (Bush 1985: 245-51).
Republican spokespersons: Gerald Ford (52).
Primary sources: Carter (1978), Ford (1979a; 1979b), Schlesinger (1986).
1980
Democratic platform: (Johnson 1982: 37-85).
Democratic address: Jimmy Carter, acceptance speech, 8/14/1980 (Bush 1985: 281-91).
Democratic spokespersons: Jimmy Carter (42).
Republican platform: (Johnson 1982: 176-218).
Republican address: Ronald Reagan, acceptance speech, 7/17/1980 (Bush 1985: 263-73).
Republican spokespersons: Ronald Reagan (19).
Primary sources: Carter (1982), Reagan speech texts (obtained from the Ronald Reagan Library), Schlesinger (1986).
1984
Democratic platform: (Congressional Quarterly Almanac XL 1984: 73B-106B).
Democratic address: Walter Mondale, acceptance speech, 7/19/1984 (Bush 1985: 332-37).
Democratic spokespersons: Walter Mondale (3).
Republican platform: (Congressional Quarterly Almanac XL 1984: 41B-62B).
Republican address: Ronald Reagan, acceptance speech, 8/23/1984 (Bush 1985: 309-20).
Republican spokespersons: Ronald Reagan (56).
Primary sources: Reagan (1987), Schlesinger (1986).
1988
Democratic platform: (Congressional Quarterly Alamanac XLIV 1988: 87A-90A).
Democratic address: Michael Dukakis, acceptance speech, 7/21/1988 (Vital Speeches of the Day, LIV: 21, 8/15/1988: 642-45).
Democratic spokespersons: Michael Dukakis (15).
Republican platform: (Congressional Quarterly Alamanac XLIV 1988: 46A-75A).
Republican address: George Bush, acceptance speech, 8/18/1988 (New York Times, 8/19/1988).
Republican spokespersons: George Bush (8).
Primary sources: Federal News Service.
1992
Democratic platform: (Congressional Quarterly 7/18/92: 2107).
Democratic address: William Clinton, acceptance speech, 7/17/1992 (New York Times, 7/18/1992: A12-A13).
Democratic spokespersons: William Clinton (14).
Republican platform: (Republican National Committee, The Republican Platform 1992).
Republican address: George Bush, acceptance speech, 8/20/1992 (New York Times, 10/21/1992: A16).
Republican spokespersons: George Bush (65).
Primary sources: Federal News Service, Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents.