Protists and Fungi
Desiged by Mikayla Johnson, Emma Guinane, &
Kolby Smith
Protists
To learn about how protists eat, parasites, and
hosts click here.
For more information on protists,
visit this website
Fungi
To learn about
types of fungi,
click here
To learn about fungi reproduction
and getting food,
click here
What is a fungi?
FUNGI
Never eat wild mushrooms!
Many are poison and can cause
death if not identified properly.

Fungi are eukaryotic
heterotrophs that have rigid cell
walls

Unlike plants, they do not have
chlorophyll

Fungi come in a variety of
shapes, colors, and sizes, and
many of them are poisonous

Only a select few are single
celled, so mostly all of them are
multicellular

Made up of chains of cells
called hyphae
Types of Fungi
They are classified based on
shape and reproduction. Different
types of Fungi are as follows:
Thread-like, Sac, Club, Nonmushroom Club, Imperfect, and
Lichens.
Hyphae form a
twisted mass
called the
mycelium.
Club Fungi
Sac Fungi

Includes mushrooms

The largest group of
fungi

Reproduce sexually with
spores

Reproduce both sexually &
asexually

Some varieties are sold in
supermarkets

Sexually reproduce with a sac
called an ascus

Yeasts are single celled sac
fungi that reproduce by budding
Check out this cool video of a growing
fungi!
Nonmushroom Club Fungi
Bracket fungi, puffballs, smuts, and rusts
are club fungi. Bracket fungi usually grow
outward from wood on trees
Imperfect Fungi

Most of these fungi are parasites which reproduce
asexually

These fungi cause Athlete’s Foot. Another, called
aflatoxin, is a poison that causes cancer

Penicillium is a useful imperfect fungi. It is the
source of Penicillin, an antibiotic
Quizlet terms!
Lichens


A lichen is a combination of a fungus and an alga that
grow together
They are producers and can grow in many environments
that other fungi and algae cannot


They are easily affected by air pollution
Lichens effect the environment, because as they grow,
the changes that they make to their surroundings allow
other organisms to live there
How do Fungi get their food?
Fungi cannot catch or surround
food, because they cannot move.
The solution for this problem is
that fungi must live on or near
their food supply. Fungi are decomposers, and feed on dead
plants or animals. Other fungi
are parasites. Fungi depend on
plants to provide nutrients.
Their relationship is called My-
corrhiza.
How do Fungi reproduce?
Sexually
Asexually
In asexual reproduction,
Sexual reproduction
hyphae break apart, and
happens when spe-
each piece of hyphae be-
cial structure make
comes a new fungus. In
sex cells. These
another form of asexual
cells join together
reproduction, reproduc-
to create sexual
tive cells called spores
spores. Sexual
are formed. Spores are
spores are also re-
spread by wind and land
leased in the air.
on an area where they
can grow and feed.
A fungus releases a spore into the
air
Protists
All protists are different. They
share very few characteristics
with each other. One thing that
they all have in common is that
they are eukaryotic, meaning they
have a nucleus. They relate to
other kingdoms more than their
own. One way this happens is the
way they eat.
How do protists eat?
Producers
Consumers
They make their own food. They use
special structures called chloroplasts.
They help take the energy from the sun
and convert it to energy. Plant-like protists are producers.
Protists that cannot make their
own food are heterotrophs and
consumers. Most heterotrophs
organisms eat smaller organisms. Animal-like protists are
consumers.
Parasites & Hosts
A parasite invades another organism to get it nutrients. The
organism the parasite is invading is its host. Most parasites
cause harm to their host. Parasites can be protists, fungi, or
even bacteria and viruses.
This picture
shows a parasite
Plant-like protists
The plantlike protist could possibly be the most
important thing on earth. The reason why us that
they make most of the oxygen we use. Freefloating protists, called algae, produce most of it.
Algae are protists that live on top of the sea and
go through photosynthesis. All plant like protists
are called algae. They all have a green pigment,
called chlorophyll, in them because of their chloroplasts. Some algae are single celled and live in
shallow water near the shore. Ones that can’t
move and flow with the water are phytoplankton.
Phytoplankton
Algae
Red Algae
Most of the seaweed you see is red algae. Red algae live in tropical
waters, usually attached to rocks or other algae. They’re usually less
than 1 m in length. They are still producers, meaning they still have
chlorophyll, but a red pigment gives them their color. Because of this,
they can take the light from the clear water in the tropics. Red algae
can grow very deep in the water. Up to 260 m below the surface.
Green Algae
Green algae is the most different among protist producers.
They’re green because the chlorophyll is the main pigment in
their cells. Most live in water or moist soil. Yet, some live in melting snow, tree trunks, or inside other organisms.
Brown Algae
If you live in a cool climate, then most of your seaweed
found are brown algae. They will either attach to rocks,
or form floating beds in the ocean. The pigment in them
is brown and yellow, giving them their color. Some can
grow about as long as 20 cars or 60 m. They grow all
this much in one season.
Protist Reproduction
Protists have to reproduce like all living things. Again,
they all reproduce different ways. Some reproduce
asexually and others sexually. Some even do both at
different parts of their life.
Asexual reproduction in protists
Most protists reproduce asexually. In asexual reproduction,
the offspring is made from only
one parent. Some of the protists that reproduce this way
reproduce using binary fission.
Binary fission is when a single
splits in half to form two new
cells. Others use multiple fission, meaning when they reproduce more than two new
cells are made. Each new cell
is a single-celled protist.
To wrap things up, enjoy this
short video on protists!
Sexual reproduction in protists
When protists reproduce this way
they need two parents. Some protists use a process called conjugation. During this they come together
and use each others genetic material at which they get from a second
nucleus. After this, they divide to
create four new protists. Yet some
protists reproduce both ways and
sometimes one generation reproduces one way than the next generation reproduces the other.