MIDNAPORE COLLEGE
(AUTONOMOUS)
Accreditated by NAAC: Grade-A
Grade CGPA - 3.58 (in 4 point scale)
P.O. – Midnapore, Paschim Medinipore - 721101
Syllabus
For
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
THREE YEAR (6 SEMESTER) FULL TIME PROGRAMME
Department of Microbiology
(Effective from 2016)
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
Page 1
SEMESTER-WISE DISTRIBUTION OF SUBJECTS
Semester
Paper
Semester - 1
MCBH 101
Basic microbiology
50 (40 + 10)
MCBH 102
Practical
50 (25 + 25)
MCBH 201
Microbial physiology
50 (40 + 10)
MCBH 202
Biochemistry
50 (40 + 10)
MCBH 203
Practical
50 (25 + 25)
MCBH 301
Microbial Metabolism and Biophysics
50 (40 + 10)
MCBH 302
Food, Industrial and Applied microbiology
50 (40 + 10)
MCBH 303
Practical
50 (25 + 25)
MCBH 401
Agricultural and Environmental
50 (40 + 10)
Semester - 2
Semester - 3
Semester - 4
Subject content
Marks
microbiology
MCBH 402
Basics of Computers, Bioinformatics,
50 (40 + 10)
Biostatistics and Bioinstrumentation
Semester - 5
Semester - 6
MCBH 403
Practical
50 (25 + 25)
MCBH 501
Immunology & Medical microbiology
50 (40 + 10)
MCBH 502
Microbial genetics & Molecular biology
50 (40 + 10)
MCBH 503
Practical
50 (25 + 25)
MCBH 601
Biotechnology
50 (40 + 10)
MCBH 602
Practical including Project work
50 (25 + 25)
The total number of Honours papers = Theory -10
Practical – 06
Honours theory 500 marks and Practical 300 marks.
For Theory, 20% (50% for written test and 50% for attendance) of each paper will be for
internal assessment.
For Practical, 50% marks will be from Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA), (Attendance
10% and Performance in Lab 40 %)
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
Page 2
SEMESTER-1
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
Page 3
pApER - mcbh 101
bAsIc mIcRobIology (40 lEctuREs)
Unit I: History of Development of Microbiology

Development of microbiology as a discipline, Spontaneous generation vs. biogenesis,
development of various microbiological techniques, concept of fermentation, establishment
of fields of medical microbiology, immunology and environmental microbiology with
special reference to the work of following scientists : Anton von Leeuwenhoek; Joseph
Lister; Paul Ehrlich; Edward Jenner; Louis Pasteur; Robert Koch; Martinus W. Beijerinck;
Sergei N. Winogradsky; Alexander Fleming; Selman A. Waksman; Elie Metchnikoff;
Norman Pace; Carl Woese; Ananda M. Chakraborty; Griffith; Avery, Macleod and
McCarty; Watson & Crick; Smith, Arber and Nathans.
Unit II: Microscopy and Staining Techniques

General principles of optics, different components of light wave (i.e. UV, Visible, IR),
compound microscopy, dark field, phase contrast microscopy, fluorescent microscopy,
electron microscopy (principles and applications).

Stains and staining techniques: Stains and Dyes; classification and types.

Types of staining: Simple (Monochrome, Negative), Differential (Gram, acid fast and
endospore staining) fungal and algal staining.
Unit III: Morphology of Bacteria

Size, shape and arrangement of bacterial cells.

Structures external to cell wall: Flagella, Pili, Capsule, Sheath and Prosthecae.

Structures internal to cell wall: Cell membrane, nuclear material, cell wall (Protoplast and
Sphaeroplast), spores, Cytoplasmic inclusions, Magnetosome and plasmids.

Bacterial endospore: ultra structure, chemistry, sporulation and germination.
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
Page 4
Unit IV: Microbial Diversity

Bacteria with unusual properties: Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Archaebacteria,
Cyanobacteria, Actinomycetes.

Viruses: Viroids and Prions. A general introduction with special reference to the structure
of the following: TMV, poliovirus, T4 and λ phage, lytic and lysogenic cycles, one step
multiplication curve

Protozoa: General characteristics with special reference to Amoeba, Paramecium and
Giardia. Clinical significance of these pathogens.

Fungi: General characteristics of fungi including habitat, distribution, nutritional
requirements, fungal cell ultra- structure, thallus organization and aggregation, fungal wall
structure and synthesis, asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, heterokaryosis,
heterothallism and parasexual mechanism. Detailed life cycle of Aspergillus and Rhizopus.

Algae: Thallus structure, classification (Smith, 1955) and class character. Economic
importance. Detailed life cycle of Laminaria and Oedogonium.
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
Page 5
pApER – mcbh 102
bAsIc mIcRobIology pRActIcAl
1. Safety measures in Laboratory.
2. Study of student microscope and research microscope: Construction, working, principle, care
to be taken while using the microscope. Use of oil immersion objective.
3. Study of instruments: Autoclave, Hot air oven, Laminar air flow bench, Inoculation chamber,
inoculation loop and needle, Incubator, Centrifuge, pH meter, Seitz filter, membrane filter
and colorimeter/spectrophotometer.
4. Cleaning and sterilization of glassware.
5. Study of aseptic techniques: preparation of cotton plugs for test tubes and pipettes, wrapping
of petri- plates and pipettes, transfer of media and inoculums.
6. Staining of bacteria (Gram, Endospore and Capsule).
7. Study (permanent slides) of fungi and algae: Volvox, Spirogyra, Oedogonium, Aspergillus,
Penicillium, Rhizopus and Fusarium.
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
Page 6
REcommEndEd books
1. Microbiology, Authors- Pelczar, Chan and Kreig.
2. Microbiology- an Introduction- (8th Edn), Authors- Tortora, G.J., Funke, B.R., Case, C.L.
3. General Microbiology, Authors- Stainer, Ingharam, Wheelis and Painter.
4. General Microbiology, Authors- Stainer RY. Ingharam JL. Wheelis ML. Painter PR
5. Biology of Microorganisms, Authors- Brock and Madigan.
6. Fundamental Principles of Bacteriology, Author- A.J. Salle.
7. Microbial Physiology, Authors- Moat and Foster.
8. Textbook of Microbiology, Authors- Dubey and Maheshwari.
9. Microbiology, Author- S.S. Purohit.
10. Immunology, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Author- K.C. Soni.
11. Microbiology, Author- R. P. Singh.
12. Microbiology A Practical Approach Authors- Patel and Phanse
13. Aneja K.R. Experiments in Microbiology, Plant pathology, Tissue culture and Mushroom
cultivation, New Age International, New Delhi.
14. Atlas R.M. Microbiology- Fundamentals and applications, Macmillan Publishing Company
, New York.
15. Benson Harold J. Microbiological Application, WCB McGraw-Hill of India Private
Limited.
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
Page 7
SEMESTER-2
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
Page 8
pApER - mcbh 201
mIcRobIAl physIology (40 lEctuREs)
Unit I: Cultivation and Pure Culture Techniques

Nutrition and nutritional types of bacteria.

Bacteriological media (types and uses), cultivation of aerobic and anaerobic microbes.

Isolation of microorganisms, pure culture and cultural characteristics.

Maintenance and preservation of cultures.
Unit II: Microbial Growth

Mathematical expression of bacterial growth, generation time and growth rate.

Growth curve and phases of growth cycle.

Batch, continuous and synchronous cultures; diauxic growth.

Factors affecting microbial growth.

Quantitative measurement of bacterial growth by cell mass, cell number and cell activity.
Unit III: Control of Microorganisms

Microbial death curve under adverse condition.

Concept of sterilization, disinfection, asepsis and sanitation.

Physical methods of control- Temperature, radiation, desiccation, osmotic pressure,
filtration.

Chemical methods of control- Phenol, alcohol, halogens, heavy metals, dyes, detergents,
quaternary ammonium compounds, aldehydes and gaseous chemosterilizers.

Evaluation of antimicrobial potency of disinfectants and antiseptics- Tube dilution, Agar
diffusion, Phenol coefficient.
Unit IV: Antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic agents

Definition and classification of antibiotics.

Characteristics of antibiotics that qualify them as chemotherapeutic agents.

Antimicrobial spectrum of antibiotics and mode of action of the following antibiotics;
Antibacterial - Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Bacitracin, Polymyxins, Streptomycin,
chloramphenicoles, tetracyclines and Vancomycin; Antifungal - Nystatin, Gresiofulvin
and Cyclohexamide; Antiviral – Zedovudine; Synthetic Chemotherapeutic agents

Development of Resistance to antibiotics- a brief account.
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
Page 9
pApER – mcbh 202
bIochEmIstRy (40 lEctuREs)
Unit I: Carbohydrates

Definition, classification, structural concept of triose, tetrose, pentose and hexose,
monosaccharides,
disaccharides
(sucrose,
maltose
and
lactose),
homo
and
heteropolysaccharidts (starch, glycogen, cellulose), ammo sugars.

Composition of peptidoglycan, Properties: asymmetric carbon atom, mutarotation, optical
isomerism, Stereo chemistry.
Unit II: Amino acids and Proteins

Amino acids- Classification and properties. Structure, Zwitterions nature.

Proteins- Classification, Structure and function. Primary, secondary, tertiary and
quaternary structure.
Unit III: Enzymes

General characteristics. Factors affecting enzyme activity.

Regulation of enzyme activity.

Enzyme kinetics, Km, activation and inhibition

Coenzymes and cofactors. Non-protein enzymes

Applications of enzymes.
Unit IV: Lipids, Vitamins and Hormones

Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.

Structure, classification, properties and function of lipids.

Distribution and functions of lipids in microorganisms.

Classification and function (deficiency and excess) of vitamins, Steroid hormones and its
function.
Unit V: Nucleic acid:

Definition, occurrence and classification of nucleic acids, concept of purine and pyrimidine
bases, nucleosides and nucleotides,

Chemical properties - effect of acid and alkali, viscosity, Tm value, types of DNA [ADNA, B-DNA and Z-DNA (structure and difference)] and RNA (structure and types).
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
Page 10
pApER – mcbh 203
pRActIcAl
1. Preparation of Culture Media.
2. Isolation of bacteria and Fungi from soil.
a) Preparation of serial dilutions.
b) Spread plate and pour plate techniques.
c) Streaking techniques for isolation and purification of bacteria.
d) Study of colony characteristics of bacteria
3. Motility of bacteria by hanging drop technique.
4. Measurement of size of cells by micrometry.
5. Counting of yeast cells and fungal spores using Haemocytometer.
6. Study of fungi-Identification of fungi by tease-mount method using Lactophenol cotton blue.
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
Page 11
REcommEndEd books
1. Microbiology, Authors- Pelczar, Chan and Kreig.
2. Microbiology- an Introduction- (8th Edn), Authors- Tortora, G.J., Funke, B.R., Case, C.L.
3. General Microbiology, Authors- Stainer, Ingharam, Wheelis and Painter.
4. Biology of Microorganisms, Authors- Brock and Madigan.
5. Fundamental Principles of Bacteriology, Author- A.J. Salle.
6. Introduction to Microbiology, Authors- Ingraham and Ingraham.
7. Microbial Physiology, Authors- Moat and Foster.
8. Textbook of Microbiology, Authors- Dubey and Maheshwari.
9. Microbiology, A Practical Approach. Authors- Patel and Phanse
10. Principles of Biochemistry, Author- A.L. Lehniger
11. Biochemistry, Author- Voet and Voet.
12. Textbook of Biochemistry- S.P. Singh.
13. Biochemistry, Author- Stryer.
14. Microbiology A Practical Approach Authors- Patel and Phanse, .
15. Aneja K.R. Experiments in Microbiology, Plant pathology, Tissue culture and Mushroom
cultivation, New Age International, New Delhi.
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
Page 12
SEMESTER - 3
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
Page 13
pApER - mcbh 301
mIcRobIAl mEtAbolIsm And bIophysIcs (40 lEctuREs)
Unit I: Carbohydrate metabolism:

Metabolic studies on microorganisms. Glycolysis, TCA-cycle, Pentose-phosphatepathway, Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis, Glycogenesis. Synthesis of peptidoglycan.
Hormonal regulation of metabolism.
Unit II: Protein metabolism:

Transamination, deamination, transmethylation and decarboxylation. Urea cycle.
Metabolism of aminoacids. Diseases.
Unit III: Lipid metabolism:

Oxidation of fatty acid (,, and  oxidation). Fatty acid biosynthesis. Ketogenesis.
Ketolysis. Formation of lipoproteins and their significance.
Unit IV: Nucleic acid metabolism:

Biosynthesis of Purine and pyrimidine. Catabolism of nucleic acid.
Unit-V: Bioenergetics:

ATP-ADP cycle, energy charge and its retention to metabolic regulation. Substrate level
phosphorylation. Electron-transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation. Different shuttle.

First and second law of Thermodynamics, closed and open system, entropy, enthalpy,
Gib’s concept of free energy.
Unit VI: Fundamentals of isotopes:

Radioactive and non-radioactive (heavy) isotopes, laws of radioactivity, half life and
average life, types of radiations (alpha, beta and gamma radiations).

Applications of radioactive and heavy isotopes in biology. Hazards or radioactivity in
living systems.
Unit VII: Basic idea and significance or important physical phenomena:

Basic idea and significance or important physical phenomena like Bonding, Solvent
system, Order of reaction, surface tension, surfactant; viscosity, diffusion, osmosis,
adsorption, absorption, colloid, Gib - Donnan membrane equilibrium, pH, buffer.
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
Page 14
pApER – mcbh 302
food, IndustRIAl And ApplIEd mIcRobIology (40 lEctuREs)
Unit I: Fundamentals of Industrial Microbiology

General concepts of industrial microbiology, Primary and secondary screening, Strain
development strategies, Sterilization of fermentor, media and air, Types of fermentations
processes, Design of typical batch Fermentor, Factors affecting fermentor design, Control
of agitation, aeration, pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen, Types of fermentors,
Inoculum development, Scale up of fermentation process, Raw material for media
preparation, Harvesting and product recovery.
Unit II: Industrial production
 Production of antibiotics- Penicillin and semi-synthetic penicillins, Production of enzymesAmylase, Immobilization of enzymes and applications of immobilized enzymes,
Production of solvent- Ethanol, Production of Vitamins- Cyanocobalamin, Production of
Organic Acids- Acetic Acid, Production of Amino Acids- Glutamic Acid.
Unit III: Food Microbiology

Food and Microorganisms: Food as a substrate for microorganisms. Sources of
contamination of food.

Food spoilage and food poisoning: Spoilage of canned food, cereals, fruits, vegetables,
meat and fish. Food sanitation and control. Food poisioning-Endotoxin, staphylococcal
poisoning, botulism and salmonella is Mycotoxins produced by fungi-Aflatoxin in stored
food and grains.

Food preservation: Principles of food preservation Methods of food preservation-high
temperature, canning, freezing, dehydration, chemical preservatives and radiation.

Microorganisms as food: Single cell proteins; Yeast and Spirulina.
Unit IV: Dairy Microbiology

Microorganisms of Milk

Methods of preservation of milk and milk products

Fermentation in milk

Fermented Milk Products: Yogurt-Types & production; Cheese-types and production;
Cultured Butter milk.
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
Page 15
Unit V: Microorganisms in Agriculture

Bacteria and fungi as biopesticides.

Genetically modified crops containing insecticidal genes.

Biofertilizers- Nitrogen fixers, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria and Mycorrhiza.

Fuel from microorganisms- Biogas technology, Microbial hydrogen production, Concept
of gasohol.
Unit VI: Advanced Microbiology

Biosensors and Biopolymers; Biochips, Biofilms and Bioplastics; Microorganisms as
bioindicators
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
Page 16
pApER – mcbh 303
bIochEmIstRy, food, IndustRIAl And ApplIEd mIcRobIology (pRActIcAl)
1. Preparation of buffers-citrate and phosphate buffers.
2. Estimation of DNA by Diphenylamine method.
3. Estimation of RNA by Orcinol method.
4. Estimation of protein by Lowry method.
5. Estimation of sugar by DNS method.
6. Acid number of fat (coconut oil).
7. Estimation of Cholesterol by FeCl3 method.
8. Qualitative estimation of Carbohydrate (Glucose, Fructose, Starch, Dextrin, Sucrose.
Maltose and Lactose), Protein (Peptone, Albumin and Gelatin) and lipid (Glycerol and
Cholesterol)
9. Determination of MIC of antimicrobial agents (Cefixime, Ampicilline and
Streptomycin )
10. Isolation of amylase producer from soil sample.
11. Microbial examination of some fruits and vegetables.
12. Microbial examination of Milk.
13. Potability test of Water.
14. Separation of amino acids by TLC.
15. Visit to a Laboratory / Institute of microbiological interest.
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
Page 17
REcommEndEd books
1. Principles of Biochemistry, Author- A.L. Lehniger
2. Fundamentals of Biochemistry, Author- J. L. Jain
3. Biochemistry, Author- Voet and Voet.
4. Textbook of Biochemistry- S.P. Singh.
5. Biochemistry, Author- Stryer.
6. Principles of Biochemistry, Authors – Zubey, Parson and Vance.
7. Microbiology A Practical Approach Authors- Patel and Phanse, .
8. Textbook of Industrial Microbiology, Author- A. H. Patel.
9. Industrial Microbiology, Author- L. E. Cassida
10. Industrial Microbiology, Author- G. Reed.
11. Industrial Microbiology, Author- Agarwal And Parihar.
12. Biology of Industrial Microorganisms. A.L. Demain.
13. Principles of Fermentation Technology, Authors- Standbary, Whitaker and Hall.
14. Current protocols in molecular biology. 2000. Ausbel et. Al.
15. Frazier and Wasthoff, Food Microbiology, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company
Limited, New Delhi.
16. Hammer B.W. and Babal, Dairy Bacteriology, Prentice Hali Incorporated, London.
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
Page 18
SEMESTER- 4
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
Page 19
pApER – mcbh 401
AgRIcultuRAl And EnvIRonmEntAl mIcRobIology (40 lEctuREs)
Unit I: Agricultural Microbiology

Soil-definition, types, physical and chemical characters, soil profile, Soil microflora.

Interactions between plants and microorganisms-types of interactions.

Microorganisms of rhizosphere, rhizoplane and phylloplane, mycorrhiza.

Microorganisms in agriculture-Biochemistry, genetics and physiology of Nitrogen fixation,
Symbiotic- Rhizobium, Non-symbiotic-Azotobacter, BGA and associvative-Azospirillum
associations.

Biofertilizers-Definition, Types (bacterial, fungal, phosphate solubilizers, BGA, PlantsAzolla); kind of association, mode of application and merits.

Biopesticides-Introduction types (bacterial-Bacillus thruingiensis, Viral –NPV, fungalTrichoderma), Mode of action, factors influencing, genes involved and target pests.

Study of microbes as plant pathogens-Puccini, Plasmopara, Cercospora, Pyricularia;
Xanthomonas oryzae; Mycoplasma-Sandal spike, grassy shoot.
Unit II: Environmental Microbiology

Microbiology of air
Introduction definition, atmospheric layers, sources of microorganism, air micro flora of
indoor and outdoor air. Factors affecting air micro flora, significance of air borne
microbes, control and management of air borne microbes. Techniques of air sampling.
Aeromicrobiological pathway. Aeroallergens. Biogeochemical cycles- Role of microbes in
Nitrogen and Carbon cycles.

Microbiology of water
Introduction, natural waters, distribution of microorganisms in the aquatic environment,
sources and types of water pollution, biological indicators of water pollution.
Eutrophication. Determination of the sanitary quality of water - MPN index, membrane
filtration, Biological Oxygen Demand. Water Purification in municipal water supply,
parameters of potable water. Waste Water Treatment.

Unit II: Microbiology of Soil
Biorecovery
of
petroleum.
Bioremediation
and
Biodeterioration
–
Xenobiotic.
Bioleaching- methods of leaching, mechanism and significance. Biodegradation-Cellulose,
Pectin, plastics and pesticides.
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
Page 20
pApER – mcbh 402
bAsIcs of computERs, bIoInfoRmAtIcs, bIostAtIstIcs And bIoInstRumEntAtIon (40
lEctuREs)

Unit I: Basics of computers
Computer Fundamentals: Introduction to Computers: Characteristics of Computers, Uses
of computers, Types and generations of Computers.
Basic Computer Organization - Units of a computer, CPU, ALU, memory hierarchy,
registers, Idea of I/O devices, System Tools
Data Representation, Boolean operation, Basic idea on internet.

Unit II: Bioinformatics
Introduction to Bioinformatics: Definition and relation to molecular biology. Potential of
bioinformatics. Application of bioinformatics.
Databases: Nucleic acid.
Tools: Sequence alignments- Pair-wise (T-coffee) and multiple sequence alignment
(Clustal w). Sequence similarity search and homology algorithms (BLAST) for protein and
nucleic acids.

Unit III: Biostatistics
Measure of central tendency: Mean, Median, Mode, Skewness and Kurtosis.
Measure of dispersion: Standard deviation and Standard error.
Diagrammatic and graphic representation of frequency distribution.
Basic idea of probability.

Unit III: Bioinstrumentation
Principle and use of Chromatography (Thin Layer Chromatography, Ion-exchange
Chromatography, Paper Chromatography, Gel-filtration Chromatography, Gas – Liquid
Chromatography),
Electrophoresis (Paper Electrophoresis,
Poly Acrylamide
Gel
Electrophoresis, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis), Spectroscopy (Fluorescence Spectroscopy,
UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy).
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
Page 21
pApER – mcbh 403
AgRIcultuRAl mIcRobIology, EnvIRonmEntAl mIcRobIology And computER
(pRActIcAl)
1.
Isolation and enumeration of bacteria and fungi from rhizosphere and rhizoplane.
2.
Study of Rhizobium (using Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar) and Azotobacter (using Ashby’s
Mannitol Agar) from soil.
3.
Isolation of actinomycetes from soil microorganisms using Glucose Aspergine agar by plate
methods
4.
Study of airborne microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) in different environments by
exposure plate method.
5.
Determination of DO, BOD, COD.
6.
Microbial examination of water (Coli form bacteria) through MPN methods for potability.
7.
Familiarizing with the Operating System, Control Panel.
8.
Working with MS Excel: Spreadsheet Handing, working with worksheets, creating a
spreadsheet, entering and formatting. Data analysis, chart & graph preparation.
9.
Sequence alignment (BLAST).
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
Page 22
REcommEndEd books
1.
Environmental Microbiology, Author- P.D. Sharma.
2.
Environmental Microbiology, Author- K.G. Vijaya.
3.
The nature and properties of soil. Authors- Harry buckman and Nyle C. brady.
4.
Aneja K.R. Experiments in Microbiology, Plant pathology, Tissue culture and Mushroom
cultivation, New Age International, New Delhi.
5.
Hirst, C.J. Environmental Microbiology, ASM Press, Washington D.C.
6.
Mehrotra R.S. Plant Pathology Tata McGraw Hill Publications Limited, New Delhi.
7.
Stacey R.H. and Evans H.J. Biological Nitrogen Fixation, Chapman and Hal Limited,
London.
8.
Subbarao N.S Soil Microorganisms and Plant Growth, Oxford and IBH Publishing
Company, New Delhi.
9.
Steward W.D.P, Nitrogen Fixation in Plants. The At lone Press, London. Bioinformatics,
Author- Baxevanis.
10. Bioinformatics, Author- Higgins and Taylor.
11. The Internet and the New Biology: Tools for Genomic and Molecular Research, AuthorPeruski and Peruski.
12. Principles of Biostatistics, Authors- Pagano et al.
13. Introduction to Biostatistics, Authors- Forthoter and Lec.
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
Page 23
SEMESTER- 5
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
Page 24
pApER – mcbh 501
Immunology & mEdIcAl mIcRobIology (40 lEctuREs)
Unit I: Immunology
Immune System: Organs of Immune system- Spleen, thymus and lymph nodes, Cells of
Immune system- T cells- its types and receptors. B cells and its receptors.
Immune Response: Innate and acquired Immunity, Host defense mechanism- First, second
and third line of host defense, Primary and secondary responses.
Antigens and Antibodies: Antigens- Properties and types, Adjuvants. Immunoglobulins structure and types. Generation of antibodies.
Immunological techniques used in disease detection: Agglutination and precipitation
reactions. Hemagglutination, Immunofluorescence, ELISA, RIA, Coombs test (Direct and
Indirect).
Complement: Components and biological activities.
Vaccine: Inactivated, Attenuated, Toxoid.
Unit II: Medical microbiology
Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases: Epidemiological study. Transmission of diseases.
Types of diseases - Epidemic, pandemic, endemic and sporadic. Nosocomial infections.
Infection: Normal flora of human body. Infection and its types. Mechanism of
pathogenesis.
Antimicrobial Agents: Antibiotics - Mode of action. Development of resistance.
Transmission of drug resistance. Antiviral and antifungal drugs.
Hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity- Immediate and delayed type. Skin tests.
Autoimmune diseases.
Microbial Diseases: Gram Positive Cocci - Staphylococcus aureus, Gram Negative Bacilli
- Vibrio cholarie, Acid fast bacteria - Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Anaerobic & Gram
positive bacilli - Clostridium tetani, Fungal skin infections - Dermatophytosis, Viral
disease – HIV and Hepatitis B.
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
Page 25
pApER – mcbh 502
mIcRobIAl gEnEtIcs & molEculAR bIology (40 lEctuREs)
Unit I: Genome type:
Prokaryotic and Eeukaryotic structure of chromosome. Mitochondria DNA. Genotype &
phenotype. Mendelian genetics: deviation of Mendelian laws.
Unit II: Flow of hereditary characters:
Concept of central dogma, Replication of prokaryotic chromosome, Transcription of RNA,
Translation of protein, Concept of operon. induction and repression, lac & typ operon
system in bacteria.
Unit III: Mutation and Repair:
Spontaneous and induced mutation, types of mutation; base pair changes (transition,
transversion) frameshifts, deletion, inversions, tandem duplication, insertions. Major
physical and chemical mutagens and their mode of action. Isolation of microbial mutant
(auxotrophic, conditional lethal, resistant).
Type of repair systems like mismatch, base-excision, nucleotide excision, direct repair,
photoreactivation, SOS repair.
Unit IV: Gene transfer and Recombination:
Transposable elements: type, structure and function, Transposition.
Plasmid: Structure, properties and types of plasmids.
Transduction: U tube experiment, Generalized and specialized transduction, Abortive
transduction.
Conjugation: F factor, characters of donor and recipient. Steps in conjugation, sexduction,
formation of Hfr and F prime cells.
Transformation
Unit V: Molecular Biology
Signal transduction and control of transcriptional regulator, Conserved mechanism of
regulation, Signal integration, combinatorial control, Riboswitches, RNA interference,
miRNA, siRNA, Regulatory RNA.
Tumor cells and the onset of cancer, Development and Causes of Cancer, the genetic basis
of cancer, Oncogenic mutations in growth promoting proteins.
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
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Signaling at the cell surface, Signaling molecules and their receptor; receptor proteins,
ligand binding and effector specificity, functions of cell surface receptors; Intracellular
signal transduction pathway; signaling networks, conserved intracellular protein functions
in signal transduction, appropriate cellular responses.
DNA library. DNA fingerprinting, hybridization technique.
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
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pApER – mcbh 503
Immunology, mEdIcAl mIcRobIology & molEculAR bIology (pRActIcAl)
1. Estimation of hemoglobin by Sahli’s method.
2. Total count of W.B.C. & R.B.C.
3. Differential W.B.C. count.
4. Flocculation reaction - VDRL
5. Agglutination reaction - Widal test, Blood Grouping.
6. Immuno-diffusion techniques - ODD and RID.
7. Estimation of skin microflora (Bacterial and Fungal).
8. Isolation of bacterial Genomic DNA and Plasmid DNA.
9. Electrophoretic analysis of DNA.
10. Restriction analysis of bacterial genome / plasmid.
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
Page 28
REcommEndEd books
1.
Text of Microbiology, Author- Ananthanarayanan and Panikar.
2.
Epidemiology and Infections, Author- Smith
3.
Diagnostic Microbiology, Authors- Baron, Peterson and Finegold.
4.
Immunology, Author- J. Kuby.
5.
Fundamental Immunology, Author– W.E. Paul.
6.
Fundamentals of Immunology, Authors– Coleman, Lombord and Sicard.
7.
Essentials of Immunology, Authors- Roitt, I.M.
8.
Medical Microbiology, Vol. 1 : Authors- Mackie and McCartney,
9.
Microbiology in Clinical Practice, Authors- D.C. Shanson, Wright PSG, 1982.
10. Bailey and Scott’s, Diagnostic Microbiology. Authors- Baron EJ, Peterson LR and
Finegold SM. Mosby, 1990.
11. Genes XI, Author- B. Lewin.
12. Principles of Genetics, Authors- Gardner, Simmons and Snustad.
13. Concepts of Genetics, Authors- Klug and Cummings.
14. Microbial Genetics, Authors- Freifelder.
15. Genetics, Authors- Arora and Sandhu.
16. Cooper, G.M. and Hausman, R.E. (2009). The Cell: A Molecular Approach. V Edition.
ASM Press & Sunderland, Washington, D.C.; Sinauer Associates, MA.
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
Page 29
SEMESTER- 6
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
Page 30
pApER – mcbh 601
bIotEchnology
Unit I: Tools used in Genetic Engineering
Tools and techniques in genetic engineering; Restriction endonucleases- Types and uses;
Isolation of Genomic and Plasmid DNA.
Unit II: Vectors
Classification and properties of vector, structural significance of plasmid and phage vector,
cosmid, phagemid.
Unit III: Cloning
Selection and isolation of functioning gene. Restriction and Ligation of vector. Transfer of
recombinant DNA - selection and screening of recombinant colonies, analysis of
recombinant clones.
Unit IV: Application
Methods for preparation of transgenic plants and animals (basic concept). Application of
genetic engineering (outline): insulin, antirabies vaccine, human growth factor. Biohazards
of genetic engineering and its ethical issues.
Unit V: Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Genetically engineered microorganisms, GM crop: Bt cotton, Bt brinjal, delayed ripened
tomato and herbicide resistant plants.
Production of heterologous proteins: Insulin, Growth hormones, Interleukins and
plasminogen activator.
Recombinant vaccines: Subunit, Conjugate, DNA vaccines, vector vaccines.
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
Page 31
pApER – mcbh 602
pRActIcAl IncludIng pRojEct woRk
Unit I: Statistical Analysis
Computation of frequency distribution, drawing of histogram and frequency polygon,
mean, median, mode, standard deviation and standard error from the data obtained from
any microbial experiment.
Unit II: Group Project
Any microbiological problem should be chosen as project topic. Each group consists of
maximum 6 students and minimum of 4 students.
Unit III: Excursion
Visit to an Industry microbiological interest.
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
Page 32
REcommEndEd books
1. Karp, G. (2010). Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments. VI Edition. John
Wiley & Sons. Inc.
2. De Robertis, E.D.P. and De Robertis, E.M.F. (2006). Cell and Molecular Biology. VIII
Edition. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.
3. Becker, W.M., Kleinsmith, L.J., Hardin. J. and Bertoni, G. P. (2009). The World of the Cell.
VII Edition. Pearson Benjamin Cummings Publishing, San Francisco.
4. Watson, J. D., Baker T.A., Bell, S. P., Gann, A., Levine, M., and Losick, R., (2008)
Molecular Biology of the Gene (VI Edition.). Cold Spring Harbour Lab. Press, Pearson Pub.
B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology
Page 33