STONEHENGE ESTATE
Land Use Plan
July 2001
Date of next review: July 2006
CONTENTS
Preface
Introduction
Strategic Principles
Part I:
Management Context
1.1
Management Partnerships
1.2
Historic Landscape & Archaeology
1.3
Agriculture
1.4
Wildlife
1.5
Access & Interpretation
1.6
Monitoring the Plan & Managing Change
Part II:
Management Policies & Action
2.1
Historic Landscape & Archaeology
- Principles
- Objectives
- Table of Policy, Action & Timing
2.2
Agriculture
- Principles
- Objectives
- Table of Policy, Action & Timing
2.3
Wildlife
- Principles
- Objectives
- Table of Policy, Action & Timing
2.4
Access & Interpretation
- Principles
- Objectives
- Table of Policy, Action & Timing
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Preface
Plan Coverage
The Land Use Plan (LUP) covers land, for which the following
organisations have a management responsibility:
The National Trust (NT)
English Heritage (EH)
The Highways Agency (HA)
The Highway Authority (Wiltshire County Council)
In particular, the Plan considers all of the land owned by the
National Trust at Stonehenge and the outer part of the
Stonehenge Triangle, which is in the care of English Heritage.
Whilst the Land Use Plan excludes the Stone Circle and
'immediate surroundings', it takes this area into account as this is
the focal point for the wider landscape. However, due to the
intensive use the monument experiences, the Stone Circle and
its immediate surroundings will require a more detailed
management plan. The boundary of this area has been taken as
the outer limit of the visitor paths circling the Stones, the point
at which management changes from extensive to intensive
methods. [Refer to Map P1: Area covered by the Land Use Plan]
At the time of writing the Land Use Plan, many details of the
large scale changes in land use are still in their formative stages.
The Highways Agency is still developing options for the
construction of the A303 two kilometre tunnel past
Stonehenge. Details such as the design and location of
the portals, the effect on the landscape in Stonehenge
Bottom and the final restoration across the former line
of the A303 are in the early stages of planning.
-
-
The details of the treatment of the A344 and existing
visitor facilities have not been agreed.
English Heritage is still in the early stages of designing
and selecting the route of the visitor transport from their
proposed new Visitor Centre at Countess East to a
drop-off point at King Barrows Ridge.
Reliable data on the future numbers of visitors that may
be expected to cross the landscape is still being gathered.
The final pattern of the proposed increase in permissive
access and additional rights of way is still under
discussion.
Despite these current omissions, the Land Use Plan provides an
essential conservation framework for the large-scale land use
changes proposed. It allows the Trust to continue its
management of the landscape in a planned and agreed way. A
review of the Plan in 2006 will be essential to linking up the
various omissions and will be key to ensuring that the
conservation objectives of the World Heritage Site
Management Plan are continuing to be implemented at the
heart of the World Heritage Site (WHS).
Process of Consultation
Stonehenge is a complex and unusual property with many
different organisations and individuals involved. During the
process of developing the range of issues to be included in the
Plan, it became apparent that if the Plan was to be effective
wide consultation was essential.
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NT Estate
Boundary
Area excluded
from the LUP
Larkhill Garrison
Durrington Walls
Acquisition
in Progress
English
Heritage
'Triangle'
Woodhenge
Highways
Agency
Fargo North
t
n
u
s
e
o
C
AREA COVERED BY LAND USE PLAN
e
A34
4
Highway
Authority
ows
R id g
Countess Farm West
K in g
Byw
ay
12
B a rr
Stonehenge
A303
Amesbury
A303
West Amesbury Farm
d
a
o
R
Longbarrow Crossroads
Reproduced from O.S. 1997
scale map 1:2500 with permission
of the Controller of HM Stationery Office (c) AL-542873
Digital data supplied by English Heritage Central Archaeology Service, current in April 2000
Map P1: Area Covered by the Land Use Plan
&
The National Trust
Stonehenge Estate
Land Use Plan
Not to scale
Indicative Layout
July 2001
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In Autumn 1999 a working group was formed to oversee policy
input, to identify the range of different issues, and to set up subgroups that would advise on detail and represent a wider range
of organisations. The membership of these groups was as
follows:
and the range of management options available. A Draft Land
Use Plan was sent out for comment to over one hundred
individuals and organisations during a five-week period
between March and April 2001. The following organisations
and committees were consulted during this period:
Working Group 1 & Sub-Groups
Wider Consultation
The National Trust - Chair
Amesbury Town Council
Countryside Agency
Defence Estates (MOD)
English Heritage
English Nature
Farming and Wildlife Advisory Group
Highways Agency
Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
Salisbury District Council
Wiltshire Archaeological & Natural History Society
Wiltshire County Council (Highway Authority)
Wiltshire Wildlife Trust
Avebury World Heritage Site Officer
British Horse Society
Countess Road Residents Group
Country Landowners Association
Druids Lodge Estate
Durrington Parish Council
EH Ancient Mon. Ad. Committee.
Government Office : South West
LARA
Larkhill Garrison
Larkhill Residents Association
National Farmers Union
NT Archaeological Panel
NT Wessex Regional Committee
NT Tenant Farmers & Licensees
Open Spaces Society
The Plan was written 'in-house' by the National Trust and drew
on existing documentation and the experience and knowledge
of Trust advisers, regional and property staff. Specialist
consultant advice was only brought in for distinct areas, for
example, the design principles for the A344 & existing visitor
facilities (Buro Happold), the agricultural strategy (Kernon
Countryside) and the interim interpretation plan (Wessex
Archaeology). Due to the wide range of views held on
Stonehenge, the process of consultation sought agreement
amongst interest groups at key stages of the evolving Plan.
In September 2000 there was a four week period of
consultation on background information, main land use issues
Ramblers Association
Shrewton Parish Council
Lake Estate
Archaeology & Interpretation W. G.
Stonehenge Masterplan Executive G.
WHS Management Plan Impl. G.
Tenant Farmers Association
Trail Riders Fellowship
West Field Farm
Wilsford cum Lake Parish Meeting
Wiltshire Ambulance Service
Wiltshire Bridleway Association
Wiltshire Constabulary
Wiltshire Fire Service
Winterbourne Stoke Parish Council
Implementation
Implementation of the Land Use Plan will start in September
2001 and will involve the National Trust Property Manager
drawing up a programme of work for the following five years.
During this period, Working Group 1 will oversee both the
implementation of the work programme and ensure that the
document is kept up to date. In 2006 it will be reviewed in the
light of detailed proposals for the visitor centre and A303 Road
Scheme. Medium to long term proposals will start 2006 (post
publication of Draft Orders for the A303 Road Scheme) and
will contain a programme of work for the following 30 years. A
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rolling programme will be set up whereby every three years the
Plan is reviewed (2006 onwards).
Resources
The National Trust has been involved at Stonehenge since it
acquired land around the Stones through a National Appeal in
1927. In that year, the Trust purchased 158 hectares (ha) of land
and a further 423 ha in 1929. The whole estate was declared
'inalienable' in 1965, which is the National Trust's unique
statutory power. This power ensures that such land cannot be
voluntarily sold, mortgaged or compulsorily purchased against
the Trust's wishes, without a special parliamentary procedure.
The Trust has continued to acquire land around Stonehenge for
the conservation of monuments and the historic landscape. It
recently purchased a further 172 ha in 1999 at Countess Farm
West and is in the process of completing the purchase of land at
Durrington Walls.
The next stage will be the development of the 'Actions' into
discrete projects. These projects will be funded through
partnership funding and will draw on funds such as the Heritage
Lottery, Countryside Stewardship, Rural Enterprise Scheme,
Landfill Tax Scheme and any other grant schemes that may be
available.
Further Information
Further information or questions regarding the Stonehenge Land Use Plan
should be addressed to:
The Wessex Region of the National Trust
Eastleigh Court
Bishopstrow
Warminster
Wiltshire
United Kingdom
Tel:
Fax:
(01985) 843 600
(01985) 843 624
Despite many constraints to the way it could manage the land,
the Trust has been positively managing the landscape and
improving the setting of the monuments.
The Land Use Plan can be viewed on the environment and conservation
section at: http://www.stonehengemasterplan.org
The Land Use Plan builds on previous work and resource
commitments, by seeking to attract new funds and resources to
increase the conservation effort at a time of great change. The
first stage in this renewed commitment will be the appointment
of a Property Manager, dedicated property staff and a
management budget in order to implement the Plan.
Keith Rowe
NT Stonehenge Project Officer
July 2001
It is also available on CD-Rom.
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Introduction
Management Responsibilities
The National Trust estate at Stonehenge totals 773 hectares and
completely surrounds the Stone Circle, which is the focal point
for most visitors. The Stone Circle and surrounding 5.3 hectares
of land are in the freehold ownership of the Secretary of State
and have been managed by English Heritage since 1984. The
Highways Agency is responsible for the A303 Trunk Road and
Wiltshire County Council (Highway Authority) is responsible
for the A344 County Road.
Management Framework
In April 2000 a World Heritage Site Management Plan (EH
2000) was published following many months of consultation.
The Management Plan has been adopted by the Local
Authorities as Supplementary Planning Guidance and now
provides an overarching framework for future decisions within
the World Heritage Site. The Land Use Plan sits within this
framework and takes the Management Plan's strategic objectives
and turns them into projects on the ground.
In particular, the WHS Management Plan recommends that,
"The entire core zone should be managed as permanent grassland to create a
more appropriate setting for the Stones, and the immediately related ceremonial
monuments. Around this core, a wider landscape setting of low-intensity
mixed farming with a diverse mosaic of downland habitats, including cropping,
arable and grass together with permanent pasture and woodlands, should
continue as the principal land use, in which other more scattered archaeological
sites and monuments should remain appropriately protected and managed."
Background to the Proposed Land Use Changes
In 1998, prior to the publication of the WHS Management
Plan, a range of organisations came together to form a
partnership focused on delivering a project tackling some of the
most pressing problems in the vicinity of Stonehenge. At
national government level, the Department of Culture, Media
and Sport and the Department of the Environment, Transport
and the Regions demonstrated integrated government by asking
their respective Agencies to deliver key components of a jointly
agreed Stonehenge Master Plan.
The Highways Agency is now providing the lead timetable
with the A303 Trunk Road Scheme design. English Heritage
purchased land at Countess East and are providing the design
and planning application for the new visitor centre and
transport link. The National Trust owns the land surrounding
Stonehenge and adjacent to the A303 where the tunnel works
are planned. As this land has been designated 'inalienable', the
Trust's support for the environmental improvements is vital to
the success of the scheme. The Trust is also key to delivering
land use change and visitor access.
Local Government is represented through Wiltshire County
Council and Salisbury District Council who are providing
support, technical and planning advice. The Master Plan also
draws together a whole range of other organisations and
interests from English Nature (seeking to achieve biodiversity
targets) to the Ministry of Defence and Amesbury Town
Council (reflecting neighbouring interests and communities).
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The objective is to restore the dignity and isolation of Britain's
greatest prehistoric monument, enabling people to fully enjoy
and appreciate the whole landscape. In essence the major land
use changes expected over the next decade will be:
•
•
•
Removal of the visual impact and noise of roads and traffic from the
vicinity of Stonehenge. The A303 Trunk Road will be placed into a
tunnel for the 2km stretch that passes Stonehenge and the A344 County
Road between Airman’s Corner and Stonehenge Bottom will be closed.
This will reunite Stonehenge and its surrounding monuments in a
grassland setting.
Partial closure and removal of the existing Stonehenge visitor facilities
and car park and possible retention of the underground staff base. A new
world-class visitor centre will be built at Countess East outside the
World Heritage Site with visitor transport provided to a drop-off point
overlooking Stonehenge.
The reorganisation of land use and management across the National
Trust estate. The grassland around Stonehenge will be extended to
enhance the setting of the monument, conserve archaeology, improve
accessibility to the wider landscape and enhance nature conservation.
[Refer to Map I1 Key Changes to the Stonehenge Landscape]
Document Type
(& level of
importance)
1. WHS
Management
Plan.
Coverage
Time Scale for
Implementation
Stonehenge World
Heritage Site (WHS).
From April 2000
onwards
2. Master Plan.
Core area around
Stonehenge; A303 &
A344 roads, visitor centre
and land use changes.
Key changes to be in
place by 2008
3. Land Use Plan.
All of National Trust
Estate and part of land for
which English Heritage,
Highways Agency and
Highways Authority have
management
responsibility.
2001 to 2006
Reviewed in 2006
Reviewed every 3yrs
thereafter.
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NT Estate
Boundary
A303 Trunk
Road Scheme
Durrington Walls
(acquisition in progress)
Countess East
Site of New
Visitor Centre
Countess
Roundabout
Improvement
Work
Woodhenge
The Cursus
Cursus Barrow Group
Existing Visitor
Facilities to be
removed. Possibly
leaving only underground
site office.
The Avenue
Reinstatement
of A344 Road
Old King Barrows
Visitors view &
walk to Stonehenge
Possible visitor
transport
route
King Barrows Ridge
Group of Barrows
A344 to be closed
and returned to grass. Small
access track to remain. East
end to be completely reinstated.
Countess East
Proposed Visitor
Centre
Reinstatement
of existing
visitor faciities
A303 Trunk Road
Stonehenge
Tunnel Portal
Winterbourne Stoke
Group of Barrows
A303 Trunk Road
to be dualled
Byway 12
may have a
Traffic Regulation
Order applied.
Vespasian's Camp
2km Tunnel for A303 as it
passes Stonehenge
and landscape reinstated
Normanton Down
Barrow Group
Tunnel Portal
Countess
Roundabout
Improvements
Visitors encouraged
into the wider
landscape
Reproduced from O.S. 1997
scale map 1:2500 with permission
of the Controller of HM Stationery Office (c) AL-542873
Digital data supplied by English Heritage Central Archaeology Service, current in April 2000
&
The National Trust
Stonehenge Estate
Land Use Plan
Not to scale
Indicative Layout
Stonehenge Map I1: Key Changes to the Stonehenge Landscape
July 2001
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Strategic Principles
The National Trust in partnership with others will:
•
Ensure that long-term archaeological conservation is the
overriding objective.
•
Provide a framework in which change can be anticipated,
monitored and reviewed.
•
Conserve the outstanding value of the cultural heritage assets of
Stonehenge and enhance the character of its landscape setting.
•
Gather information to increase understanding and to ensure
objectives are achieved and maintained.
•
Enhance and maintain biological diversity.
•
Encourage a better knowledge and awareness of conservation
among local people and visitors.
•
Adopt a sustainable approach to managing the area, which
balances archaeology, biodiversity and landscape conservation,
visitor access and farming.
•
Enhance visitor satisfaction, appreciation and enjoyment.
•
•
Feed back revenue to the management of the area.
Work towards the integration of the management and use of
landscapes across land ownership boundaries.
•
Develop a programme of action that will conserve and enhance
the values identified for each resource.
•
Involve people, recognising and respecting the diversity of views
and perceptions that are associated with Stonehenge and its
landscape.
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Part 1
Management Context
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Part 1:
Management Context
1.1
Management Partnerships
1.1.1
The Stonehenge World Heritage Site Management Plan
has divided the World Heritage Site (WHS) into six
broad management zones. This approach targets
appropriate management to areas with specific needs or
opportunities. [Refer to Map MC1: World Heritage Site
Management Plan Zones] WHS Management Zones A,
C & D cover the National Trust estate and therefore
provide a framework for guiding landscape management
in these areas.
1.1.2
In addition the National Trust and English Heritage
have agreed joint principles, which are underpinning
their approach to implementing land use change at
Stonehenge. They have agreed that there will be:
• Seamless operation of the visitor centre and the land
from the point of view of the visitor.
• Exemplary standards in the process of delivering the
Master Plan.
• Exemplary standards of design and operation
throughout.
• Exemplary standards of interpretation.
1.1.3
The Salisbury Plain Training Area Integrated Land
Management Plan is also linked to the objectives for the
World Heritage Site and so it will be important that the
National Trust and the Ministry of Defence
complement each other's management activity across
ownership boundaries.
Photo P1: View from Byway 12 south, towards Stonehenge on the horizon.
The archaeological significance of Stonehenge lies in the wealth of the prehistoric
resource. Not only is the architectural and technical sophistication of the Stone Circle
impressive, the diversity, density and composition of the monuments in the wider
landscape are of considerable interest. It is believed that the inter-visibility between
monuments is particularly significant, with many of the barrows situated on very
visible ridgelines. In more recent years (from 1897 until the late 1940’s) the area has
also been subjected to military activity. This has left some interesting landscape
features, which are important in their own right.
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WHS Management Zones
Zone A: Western
Farmland
Zone B: Northern
Farmland/ Larkhill
Zone B
Zone A
Zone C
Zone C
Zone A
Zone D
Zone D
Stonehenge
Zone F
Zone E
Zone E
Reproduced from O.S. 1997
scale map 1:2500 with permission
of the Controller of HM Stationery Office (c) AL-542873
Digital data supplied by English Heritage Central Archaeology Service, current in April 2000
Zone B
Zone C:
Stonehenge
Core
Zone D: Eastern
Farmland
Zone E: Southern
Farmland
Zone F: Avon
Valley
Land Use Plan
Coverage
&
The National Trust
Stonehenge Estate
Land Use Plan
Not to scale
Indicative Layout
Map MC 1: World Heritage Site Management Plan Zones
July 2001
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1.2
Historic Landscape & Archaeology
1.2.2
The Significance of Stonehenge
The nomination document describes Stonehenge and
Avebury as, "the two most important prehistoric monuments in Britain.
The Stonehenge part of the WHS comprises over 2000 hectares of mainly
chalk downland. Within this area, there are 196 scheduled monuments,
mainly burial mounds, and a uniquely dense concentration of buried
archaeological sites, including ancient field systems, enclosures, trackways
and settlements. In this way, the Stonehenge WHS comprises an
archaeological landscape rather than a series of individual monuments. It is
not so much a site as a 'cultural landscape' a relict landscape preserving
evidence of a long history of man's interaction with the environment." (EH
2000)
1.2.3
Photo P2: View of Stonehenge from east in 1929. Stonehenge Cottages and Café
can be seen in the foreground and aircraft hangers at Stonehenge Airfield in the
background. These have since been removed enhancing the setting of Stonehenge.
The Master Plan seeks to build on past enhancements of the historic landscape, by
placing the road on the left of the picture, into a tunnel where it passes Stonehenge,
and by closing the road on the right of the picture. The existing visitor facilities will be
removed and the land across the area will then be restored to grass.
1.2.1
A World Heritage Site
In 1986, Stonehenge, Avebury and their associated sites
were inscribed as a single cultural World Heritage Site
(WHS) under the United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) World
Heritage Convention.
1.2.4
Stonehenge is considered to bear a unique or at least
exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition, which has
disappeared. The Stones (and associated monuments)
also contribute to a wider archaeological landscape
without parallel in the world and it is this wider
landscape which is the focus of the conservation
objectives of this Land Use Plan.
Archaeological Condition Survey
A recent survey (NT, 1999) of archaeology across the
estate found that just under half of recorded
archaeological earthworks had been levelled (no longer
visible above ground) through ploughing activity. The
survey considered that approximately 15% of sites were
highly vulnerable to damage and that a programme of
prioritised action would be required for monuments
showing signs of deterioration in condition.
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1.2.5
The survey attempted to identify the causes of damage.
It was found that burrowing animals were one of the
major problems with approximately 35% of the damage
being caused by badgers or rabbits. Human activity was
regarded as also having had a major effect, with 30% of
the damage caused through ploughing, footpaths and
buildings. Vegetation, which was mostly scrub and
young trees, was considered to be an increasing
problem. This has been confirmed by the Stonehenge
WHS Management Plan, which states that, "Agriculture has
features (visible and non-visible) of the WHS. {Refer to
WHS Management Plan Objective 6}
1.2.8
had an overwhelming impact on the survival and condition of the
archaeological monuments and the greatest general threat to the physical
survival of the monuments is the continued cultivation of these monuments
in arable areas." [Additional information in the Monuments at Risk
Survey (MARS) published by English Heritage, 1998] The Land
Use Plan seeks to deal with some of the issues revealed
by the survey.
1.2.6
1.2.7
It should also be noted that since its acquisition of the
land in 1927, the Trust has been positively managing the
Stonehenge landscape. It has improved the setting of
Stonehenge and key monuments by removing fences,
numerous buildings and rubbish tips. A great deal of the
estate has been laid down to grass. Many of the
earthworks have been fenced to reduce stock and rabbit
damage. Key barrow groups have been cleared of trees
and scrub to prevent roots damaging buried archaeology
and to reinstate their visual relationship with the wider
landscape. These areas have then been mown and grazed
on an annual basis to maintain a flower rich grassland
sward. {Refer to WHS Management Plan Objectives 9 & 10}
As a result, the overriding principle of the Land Use
Plan will be the conservation of the archaeological
1.2.9
Conservation Proposals
Managed grassland is a valuable land use for the
preservation of archaeological features. The Trust has
therefore already sought to protect monuments on the
northern part of its estate by turning arable areas over to
pasture. In the southern part of the estate where the
existing farm tenancy agreements are a constraint on the
Trust’s management of the area, arable farming
continues. The NT Archaeological Condition Survey
(1999) found a large number (25%) of the sites in the
arable areas had been taken out of cultivation to protect
them from ploughing; however, many remain
surrounded by arable cultivation.
Not all areas will however be turned over to grass. In
fact the Stonehenge WHS Management Plan suggests
that, “high priority areas be protected under permanent pasture and
managed extensively …lower priority areas to be retained as mixed arable”.
{Refer to WHS Management Plan Objective 15}. However, on
the NT estate only parts of Countess Farm will remain
arable. Parts of WHS Management Plan Zones A & E,
where they come within the NT estate boundary, will
be converted to grass [Refer to Maps LUC 1-6]. Where
arable fields are to be converted to grassland, the
opportunity will be taken to carry out archaeological
fieldwalk surveys before reversion begins.
1.2.10 The visibility of monuments will be maintained and,
where appropriate, enhanced. Different ground
management techniques could be used to highlight
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archaeological features or alleviate pressure from stock
or visitors. For example differential mowing, rolling or
grazing may help to enhance monuments. {Refer to WHS
Management Plan Objective 16}
1.2.11 The inter-visibility of monuments will be reinstated
where possible through the clearance of trees and scrub.
Grazing will then be introduced to these areas where
woodland and scrub has been removed. {Refer to WHS
Management Plan Objective 10} Management of burrowing
animals will however need to be continued. Views of
monuments, e.g. eastern end of the Cursus, and
barrows, e.g. Monarch of the Plain, will be opened up
through felling of the trees immediately around them
(subject to consent). [Refer to Map MC2: Historic
Landscape & Visible Archaeology] Woodland also
performs a useful screening function and an overall
WHS Woodland Strategy will help inform future
reviews of the Plan.
Recording and Monitoring
1.2.12 Opportunities will be sought to monitor, record and
investigate the historic landscape and the archaeology,
including the recording of 20th Century features of the
area. For example, a comprehensive and detailed
photographic survey of A303, A344, existing visitor
facilities and car park could be carried out in advance of
any major construction.
1.2.13 Bi-annual condition surveys of all the recorded
archaeology will be carried out. More regular and
planned monitoring will be carried out on targeted
monuments considered to be showing signs of
deterioration in condition.
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NT Estate
Boundary
Durrington Walls
Woodhenge
Old King Barrows
The Monarch of
the Plain
ry
ta
ili
M
d
se y
su a
Di ailw
R
The Cursus
The Cursus Group
The Avenue
New King Barrows Group
(Seven Barrows Group)
STONEHENGE
Winterbourne Stoke
Group
Vespasians Camp
Normanton Down Group
&
Reproduced from O.S. 1997
scale map 1:2500 with permission
of the Controller of HM Stationery Office (c) AL-542873
Digital data supplied by English Heritage Central Archaeology Service, current in April 2000
The National Trust
Stonehenge Estate
Land Use Plan
Not to scale
Indicative Layout
Map MC 2: Historic Landscape & Visible Archaeology
July 2001
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1.3
Agriculture
grazed by a low density of livestock. This approach
offers the potential to improve the quality and structure
of the grassland habitat whilst conserving the
archaeology. Hay production could be more widespread
and could emphasise and soften contours. Implementing
the vision will however require a bold new approach to
how the Trust manages its tenancies and agricultural
land on the estate. [Refer to Map MC3: Agricultural
Tenancies and Lease Numbers]
1.3.2
Photo P3: View of sheep currently grazing during the summer, in field adjacent to
existing visitor facilities. It is proposed that the area is predominantly grazed in
summer by cattle, with some winter sheep grazing.
Managing the extensive grassland around Stonehenge could be handled through two
possible management approaches: managing through livestock grazing or mowing the
area in the manner of a park. The latter is perhaps neither desirable nor practical in
the context of Stonehenge. Grazing also offers the potential to improve the quality and
structure of the grassland habitat, to improve its nature conservation value.
1.3.1
The Agricultural Landscape
The Stonehenge area is, and has been for thousands of
years, a farmed landscape. The WHS Management Plan
recognises this aspect of the area and divides the WHS
into Management Zones accordingly. The aim for the
core area around Stonehenge is for extensive grassland,
1.3.3
National Trust Tenancy Agreements
One of the most feasible ways of delivering the
extensive grassland, is for the National Trust to retain
close management control through letting the grassland
out on annual grazing licences. {Refer to Stonehenge WHS
Management Plan Part 4: Management Objective 8, page 6} This
means that the existing Farm Business Tenancy
Agreements would not be renewed when they expire
and a negotiated settlement would be needed with the
holders of the Agricultural Holdings Act tenancies.
Both the existing and extended grassland areas will be
amalgamated into one contiguous block and could be
managed in a similar manner to grazing on Salisbury
Plain. The exception to this process will be Countess
Farm, where the areas that do not contain sensitive
archaeology will remain arable. This will also mean that
visitors crossing Countess Farm will experience a
contrasting arable landscape before they pass over King
Barrow Ridge and into the area of extensive grassland
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17 August 2001
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around Stonehenge. The whole process will be phased
over a number of years. Where possible the existing
knowledge and skills in the local farming community
will be retained and utilised.
1.3.5
1.3.6
1.3.7
Grassland Expansion
In line with the WHS Management Plan, the existing
permanent grassland in the WHS will be maintained,
enhanced and extended (WHS Management Plan Zone C) .
Adjacent to the existing grassland areas arable fields will
be reverted to grassland. Vigorous agricultural grass
mixes will not be used in arable reversion (WHS
Management Plan Zone A & E). [Refer to Map MC1: WHS
Management Zones] Where arable systems are retained
(WHS Management Plan Zone D), archaeological remains
under the plough will be evaluated to ensure future
arable use does not damage surviving remains. If
evaluation shows damage, an appropriate mitigation
strategy will be sought.
Buried archaeological remains will be conserved
through reversion to grassland or, where they are less
sensitive, the use of minimal cultivation techniques.
There will need to be archaeological surface collection
surveys prior to reversion.
Grassland Management
Within the existing grassland areas the aim will be to
seek the establishment of semi-natural type grassland. As
livestock will be reduced to very low levels, grazing
management will be more flexible due to the reduced
risk of poaching. This will mean that the grassland will
be able to develop a coarser structure and flower during
the summer. The resulting long summer grass has the
added benefit that monument areas can be mowed to
increase their visibility and visitors can be encouraged
along defined routes.
1.3.8
1.3.9
Extensive grazing (and haymaking) will become a means
to providing a desirable pastoral setting rather than an
end in itself. Both short, hard-grazed swards and longer
tussock type grassland will be encouraged. Grazing will
be rotational, varying between one grazing per year to
every three to four years in some areas.
Stock Management
An appropriate method of stock grazing will be essential
to manage this extensive grassland. The aim will be to
select the right type of stock management to match the
vision, rather than tuning the management to the needs
of the stock. Consideration may be given to phasing the
introduction of different types of stock, so that as
fertility drops, the more traditional and hardier breeds
are introduced. Sheep will be valuable in a rotation with
cattle in order to maintain the sward.
1.3.10 Stock management requires fencing, especially for
rotational grazing. However, the overall management
approach will start with a presumption of having no
fences in the landscape and then install temporary fences
where the management needs dictate. The need for the
existing fences around monuments will be reviewed and
monitored in the light of the changes in stock grazing
densities and the potential for burrowing animal
damage.
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17 August 2001
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1.3.11 The location and type of water provision for stock will
be carefully considered due to possible landscape and
archaeological impacts. Exceptionally wet winters may
result in pasture damage if stocking rates are too high.
This could also damage archaeology and may result in a
ragwort problem in the following season. Stocking
levels will therefore require close supervision and
flexibility of management will be important.
Agri-Environment Schemes
1.3.12 The international and national status of Stonehenge and
Avebury provides an ideal opportunity to develop sound
conservation of archaeological sites in arable dominant
areas of the countryside. Innovative work is likely to
attract considerable attention and could provide
standards of excellence that can be piloted for use
elsewhere. The National Trust's active role in
developing a Countryside Stewardship WHS Special
Project is a significant step forward in agri-environment
policy.
1.3.13 The overall aim for the estate and wider WHS will be
to seek a higher take up of Countryside Stewardship to
improve the conservation of archaeology and wildlife. A
Special Project for the World Heritage Site will be key
to the success of an arable reversion programme and
therefore the protection of vulnerable archaeology.
Habitats associated with arable systems on Countess
Farm could also be enhanced through the scheme,
targeting field margins and annual flora.
Photo P4: Combine harvester on Countess Farm.
In the National Trust’s paper, "Nature Conservation in a Living Countryside"
(1999) it states that, ‘The National Trust should investigate fully its potential role in
marketing local produce…the National Trust has many opportunities to link the
landscape which it manages to the product on the plate.’ This opportunity may be
considered at Stonehenge where the association with the Stonehenge name is very
strong.
1.3.14 Opportunities for organic production (especially on
Countess Farm) will also be sought. Organic production
may be valuable on part or all of the estate for a number
of reasons including marketability of meat,
environmental benefit and public appreciation.
However, it is recognised that the organic system can be
intensive and may restrict the methods of weed control
on arable reversion fields and could contribute to
increased archaeological erosion rates. The farm
arrangement must also be flexible enough to make
Stonehenge Land Use Plan
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17 August 2001
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organic certification feasible. Therefore an organic
feasibility study will need to be carried out as a first step.
1.3.15 Arable management will follow English Nature
Landcare Principles where appropriate. Environmental
benefits in arable areas include spring cropping in mixed
rotation, avoidance of chemical inputs, and the potential
arable flower interest. If an organic system is
appropriate, then collected farmyard manure will be
essential for recycling on arable fields. Continued arable
cultivation on Countess Farm could also provide winter
feed for livestock produced on the farm.
1.3.16 The Stonehenge Land Use Plan will seek to implement
where appropriate, the National Trust's 2020 vision for
sustainable farming, 'Farming Forward'.
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17 August 2001
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NT Estate
Boundary
1
17
78
89
9
N
Noorrtthh EEaasstt
SSttoonneehheennggee
Durrington
Walls
0
11118899
N
Noorrtthh W
Weesstt
ooff C
Cuurrssuuss
0
Lease No.
Field Name
Land
in-hand
Woodhenge
0
11114455
LLeett ttoo M
MO
OD
D
The Cursus
0
11779911
N
Noorrtthh W
Weesstt
SSttoonneehheennggee
11774400
A
Avveennuuee &
&
EEaasstt C
Cuurrssuuss
The Avenue
11114477
LLeett ttoo EEH
H
11114433
1143
SSttoonneehheennggee
D
Doow
wnn
0
11883399
C
Coouunntteessss FFaarrm
m
0
00
SSeevveenn
BBaarrrroow
wss
Field
Field
11778899
N
Noorrtthh EEaasstt
SSttoonneehheennggee
11886677
0
Stonehenge
11114422
W
Weesstt A
Am
meessbbuurryy FFaarrm
m
&
Reproduced from O.S. 1997
scale map 1:2500 with permission
of the Controller of HM Stationery Office (c) AL-542873
Digital data supplied by English Heritage Central Archaeology Service, current in April 2000
The National Trust
Stonehenge Estate
Land Use Plan
Not to scale
Indicative Layout
Map MC 3: Agricultural Tenancies & Lease Numbers
July 2001
Stonehenge Land Use Plan
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17 August 2001
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1.4
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.4.3
Wildlife
Existing Survey Data
The existing biological survey is currently being
improved through the Highways Agency Extended
Phase I habitat surveys for the whole of the A303
corridor and, for some limited species, in the wider area.
However, a good proportion of the estate lacks a
valuable biological information base. Improving this
situation will be a key aspect of the Land Use Plan.
Regional Nature Conservation Objectives
At a regional level the stated aim for the South Wessex
Downs (as identified in English Nature’s Natural Area
Profile) is to maintain and enhance key habitats and
encourage self-sustaining populations of key species
within their natural range. The reduction of habitat
fragmentation and the implementation of appropriate
habitat re-creation and restoration are also sought, along
with encouraging public appreciation of natural features
and key species. All these aspects will be integral to the
land use changes proposed for Stonehenge.
World Heritage Site Objectives
The World Heritage Site Management Plan seeks the
maintenance of a practical balance between increased
permanent grassland and arable farmland. {Refer to WHS
Management Objective 7} The Plan suggests that the
existing permanent grassland in the World Heritage Site
should be maintained, enhanced and extended. {Refer to
WHS Management Objective 8} In conjunction with this,
the overall nature conservation value and biodiversity of
the WHS should be enhanced, in particular by
maintaining and improving the limited areas of
floristically rich chalk downland turf and by creating
greater diversity. {Refer to WHS Management Objective 12}
In terms of woodlands, the WHS Plan suggests that their
management for both long term survival and
biodiversity should be improved. {Refer to WHS
Management Objective 13}
1.4.4
1.4.5
Management Proposals for Grassland
The nature conservation aim for the grassland area will
be for a semi-natural pasture, flowers (where possible)
and a general increase in botanical interest on the
existing grassland. The introduction of very rare plants is
not favoured and so the emphasis will be on the
establishment of commonly found wildflowers and
grasses in keeping with the soil type. Countryside
Stewardship options, if selected, may support lower
numbers of livestock, restrict herbicide and fertiliser use,
and pay enhanced payments for arable reversion to grass.
Consideration will be given to the genetic origin of seed
used in creating long-term grasslands and where
possible, locally harvested seed will be used (e.g.
Salisbury Plain or Parsonage Down). It will be
important that vigorous pasture mixes, based on
perennial ryegrass/clover are not used. These mixes,
whilst being more productive, would smother any
botanical interest and appear artificial. Further fertiliser
inputs will be avoided to gradually reduce fertility and
therefore competition from vigorous grasses.
Stonehenge Land Use Plan
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17 August 2001
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1.4.6
1.4.7
1.4.8
1.4.9
The results of a soil survey (2000) show that there is,
with a few notable exceptions, a typical spread of plant
nutrient indices. However, as the grassland areas
currently have low species diversity, enhancement of the
nature conservation value of the habitat would need to
concentrate on further lowering the nutrient indices.
Management Proposal for Arable Systems
On Countess Farm there will be mixed agriculture with
enhanced
wildlife
management.
Countryside
Stewardship options, if selected, may restrict herbicide
and fertiliser use (i.e. conservation headlands) and
provide opportunities for rare arable plants, nectar
feeding insects and birds.
Where possible a range of crop types in a relatively
small-scale mosaic will be sought (similar to the present
situation on Countess Farm West). This mosaic of
different crops and land use features is important for
allowing a range of habitat structures and food sources
to develop. There will be a continuing opportunity to
obtain multiple archaeological and wildlife benefits as
they arise.
Open bare ground for stone curlew nesting and
invertebrate populations may also be sought in suitable
locations. The conservation of existing chalk grassland in
arable areas will be important, especially if this can be
linked to larger areas of grassland.
Management Proposals for Woodland/ Scrub
1.4.10 The first priority for the management of woodland will
be to conserve and enhance the historic landscape and
archaeology, taking into account the intervisibility
between monuments. The Land Use Plan takes the line
that increasing tree cover within the area covered by the
Plan is inappropriate. Scrub can damage archaeology and
once it has a hold in an area, it is difficult and costly to
control. There are however, few areas in Southern
England free from scrub and Salisbury Plain has
considerable habitat coverage. As a result the Land Use
Plan has therefore taken the line that there is probably
little gain to ornithology from having patches of scrub
on the Stonehenge grasslands.
1.4.11 There are also significant opportunities to enhance the
nature conservation value of the existing woodlands.
Scrub and coppice will be restricted to within
woodlands and areas of long grass will be available as
substitute habitat. The fauna in woodlands, especially
bats, badgers and the effects of deer grazing, will be
surveyed and taken into consideration in any woodland
management proposals. Full nature conservation
proposals for the estate will be drawn up after the
biological survey has been carried out.
Stonehenge Land Use Plan
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17 August 2001
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NT Estate
Boundary
Hazel
Coppice
Fargo
Plantation
Long Barrow
Plantation
Relict fragments of
calcareaous grassland
on a few barrows
Half Moon
Clump Pedunculate
Oak
GRASSLAND
Old King Barrows
Yew plantation
Good Reptile
& invertebrate
habitat
New King Barrows
Beech Pollards
Lichens
on Stones
ARABLE
Nile Beech
Clumps
Potential for
wildlife improvements
linked with arable systems
Countess Farm
Stonehenge
Triangle
ARABLE
Winterbourne Stoke
Clump
Luxenborough
Plantation
Stone Curlew
country
River Avon
SSSI & cSAC
Reproduced from O.S. 1997
scale map 1:2500 with permission
of the Controller of HM Stationary Office (c) AL-542873
Digital data supplied by English Heritage Central Archaeology Service, current in April 2000
&
The National Trust
Stonehenge Estate
Land Use Plan
Not to scale
Indicative Layout
Map MC 4: Key Woodlands & Wildlife Features
July 2001
Stonehenge Land Use Plan
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17 August 2001
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1.5
Access & Interpretation
wider landscape will be linked to an archaeological
storyline to improve this understanding and awareness.
1.5.2
Photo P5: View south east along Bridleway 37 on Countess Farm.
Links with public rights of way and long distance routes beyond the boundaries of the
estate will be sought. Visitors will be encouraged to walk or ride (horse/ bicycle) within
the estate, although defined routes will be provided in the wider landscape for riders to
prevent archaeological damage.
1.5.1
New Access Opportunities
The land use changes proposed for Stonehenge offer an
opportunity to look at new ways of providing access
within the core of the World Heritage Site (WHS).
This opportunity should help to encourage visitors out
into the landscape to visit key archaeological sites and
the wider WHS. The Plan will also seek to enhance the
quality of the visitor experience through improving key
views in the wider landscape and fostering a greater
understanding and awareness of the site. Access to the
Permissive Access
A key objective of the Land Use Plan is to extend access
to the wider landscape at Stonehenge, whilst conserving
archaeology and wildlife. The intention will be to make
a greater proportion of the wider landscape available for
access. The choices for people to get about in the
landscape will be increased, for example on foot,
horseback and by bicycle. The links between the
archaeological sites and monuments and key viewpoints
in the landscape will also be improved. Overall the
waymarking and signing of all paths will be enhanced
and improved. Where possible, these links to key
monuments will follow traditional or ceremonial routes,
but avoid using the monuments directly, where they are
vulnerable to damage. {Refer to WHS Management Plan
Objective 20}
1.5.3
Where permanent grassland exists, and where this does
not conflict with livestock management, fencing will be
removed to allow for open access on foot to the wider
landscape. It is however recognised that the landscape
character of the area is sensitive to change and any access
proposals should not damage the historic character of
the landscape or its amenity value.
1.5.4
There will be effective liaison and consultation with the
local community and user groups over key access
proposals. Access provision will also link with and
Stonehenge Land Use Plan
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17 August 2001
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complement proposals and initiatives beyond the
boundaries of the Plan area such as the SUSTRANS long
distance cycle route.
1.5.5
1.5.6
Rights of Way
Some areas of 'grassland down' will be identified and
mapped as access areas under the Countryside & Rights
of Way Act. Although much of the permanent grassland
on Stonehenge Down is currently open to public access,
the new laws mean that this may become a 'right of
access' for people to walk over the area. Expansion of
the permanent grassland onto arable fields immediately
around Stonehenge could considerably increase the area
available to walkers, greatly enhancing the area for
recreational opportunities. Careful management will
however be required in order to ensure that
archaeological and historical landscape conservation is
not adversely affected. An important conservation task
will be a short diversion of Bridleway 39 from the east
end of the Cursus and off the long barrow.
After the completion of the A303 Scheme, the
opportunity will be taken to link Bridleway 10,
Bridleway 11 and Byway 12. Consideration will be
given to dedicating this new bridleway, as a right of
way. [Refer to Map MC 5: Public Rights of Way &
Permitted Access & Table GI 6 in Appendix 1]
1.5.7
Access by Motorised Vehicles
Whilst the proposed land use changes seek to improve
the setting of Stonehenge through the removal of the
roads (A303/ A344), the continued use of Byway 12 by
motorised vehicles retains the ability to access the Stones
along a rough trackway. Proposals have been put
forward to downgrade the route to a bridleway and
divert the Byway to a route away from the immediate
setting of the Stones. The diversion would be required
in order to retain the amenity value of the Byway as a
long distance north-south route. However, according to
the guidance of the WHS Management Plan, diversion
of Byway 12 within the World Heritage Site could be
potentially damaging to sensitive archaeological remains
within the core area. {Refer to WHS Management Plan
Objective 23) It also would involve creating a new road
within the World Heritage Site on private land.
1.5.8
An alternative option has been investigated which
would prohibit motorised vehicles on Byway 12. The
approach would involve using Road Traffic Regulation
Act 1984 (sec 22), which regulates traffic in special areas
of countryside and includes inalienable National Trust
land. The historic rights of the route are retained but the
vehicular rights cannot be exercised. The Order can
only be made by the local Highway Authority with the
support of the relevant landowners. The disadvantage of
using a Traffic Regulation Order is that users of the
Byway would be unable to pass north-south across the
World Heritage Site.
1.5.9
It is recognised that some of the access user groups
strongly oppose the Traffic Regulation Order approach,
especially if no alternative route is provided. The Land
Use Plan recommends that an access user group be
convened to explore the issues. Any solutions would
need to be within the framework of the implementation
of the World Heritage Site Management Plan.
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17 August 2001
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NT Estate
Boundary
‡
‡
‡‡
Bridleway 30
Bridleway
37
Bridleway 9a
‡
Bridleway 10
NT Open Access
Potential walks
Permitted
Footpath
‡
‡
OPEN ACCESS
‡
‡
Bridleway
39
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Views
Public
Footpath
Bridleway
Byway
‡
‡
‡
Byway 12
Footpath 13
NT Permitted access
‡
‡
Bridleway
11
Byway 2
Reproduced from O.S. 1997
scale map 1:2500 with permission
of the Controller of HM Stationery Office (c) AL-542873
Digital data supplied by English Heritage Central Archaeology Service, current in April 2000
&
The National Trust
Stonehenge Estate
Land Use Plan
Not to scale
Indicative Layout
Map MC 5: Public Rights of Way & Permitted Access
July 2001
Stonehenge Land Use Plan
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17 August 2001
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Visitor Transport
1.5.10 A transport link for visitors from a Countess East visitor
centre across Countess Farm West to King Barrow
Ridge is being investigated by English Heritage. The
actual form of transport, detail of routes and location of
drop-off points on the estate are still under
consideration. However, any associated facilities and
infrastructure would be expected to be minimal, simple,
flexible and reversible.
1.5.11 The National Trust, working in partnership with
English Heritage will be ensuring that the quality of the
visitor approach to the Stone Circle will be integral to
the visitor experience and considered in any proposed
transport route. The route should also consider the need
for an attractive and direct walking and riding route
from the visitor centre to King Barrow Ridge, which is
not compromised by the mass transit approach.
Agricultural operations will be continuing on Countess
Farm and these requirements and those of the existing
public rights of way, will need to also be taken into
consideration.
Access For All
1.5.12 The wider landscape currently has limited access for
people with impaired mobility. Simple improvements
can be made such as providing suitable gates (as opposed
to stiles) and providing clear and accurate information
on the accessibility of various routes. Visitors should be
able to match information against their own capabilities.
An accessibility audit will highlight such difficulties and
support proposed remedies.
1.5.13 It will be essential that any transport provided for
visitors is accessible to disabled visitors and able to
accommodate other members of their group. This will
ensure that groups are not separated during their visit to
Stonehenge.
Interpretation
1.5.14 The World Heritage Site Management Plan states that
the current level of interpretation is limited in its impact
and puts forward the suggestion that a detailed WHS
Interpretation Strategy is developed. {Refer to WHS
Management Plan Objective 21} At present interpretation of
the area beyond the immediate Stone Circle relies on a
National Trust walks leaflet called ‘Exploring the
Stonehenge Landscape’ and twelve information panels
in the wider landscape.
1.5.15 The proposed new visitor centre at Countess East will
provide the focus of a new approach to interpretation
and education at Stonehenge. The landscape
interpretation should however, provide an interpretative
experience that stands in its own right for those visitors
who do not use the Visitor Centre. The Stonehenge
landscape will be used to promote broad themes about
changing archaeological (and other) perceptions of
place. It will also be used to explore themes such as
human interaction with the environment creating major
landscape change. In general, interpretation on the estate
will work from multiple access points. The Stonehenge
monument will be interpreted as an integral part of the
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wider landscape and time lines will be used where
possible in the interpretation to illustrate context.
1.6.2
An integral part of this Action Plan will be a workable
method of optimising the management of the estate and
ensuring that the Trust provides ‘conservation with
access’. {Refer to WHS Management Plan Objective 26} Such a
method will be developed in consultation with the
World Heritage Site Management Plan Co-ordination
Officer and the Trust’s Property Manager. A study will
be carried out over the next year in consultation with
the WHS Implementation Group to identify an
appropriate monitoring and management model. This
model will help assess and inform decisions on the
acceptability of key changes in the landscape.
1.6.3
If the approach is suitable and partners agree, it will be
brought into use in 2002. The approach will then be
reviewed after a four year trial period (Land Use Plan
Review in 2006). Recommendations will then be made
for optimising the long-term management of this area
after the completion of the major land use changes.
1.5.16 The Land Use Plan includes an Interim Interpretation
Plan for the National Trust estate, highlighting work
that will be carried out to immediately upgrade the
current interpretation media. It also sets the context for
a longer term strategy and includes an audit of existing
interpretation, visitor research and development of an
archaeological storyline. This work will be incorporated
into a WHS Interpretation Strategy and will be
reviewed so that it complements the content of the
proposed visitor centre.
1.6
Monitoring
Change
the
Plan
and
Managing
1.6.1
The Land Use Plan will be monitored on an annual
basis, with the National Trust Property Manager
drawing up an Action Plan to tackle issues raised
through annual assessment of the property.
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17 August 2001
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Part II:
Management Policies & Action
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17 August 2001
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Part II:
2.1
Management Policies & Action
Historic Landscape & Archaeology
How the vision will conserve and enhance the core of the World Heritage Site.
PRINCIPLES
•
Avoid over-grazing by reducing soil poaching and erosion through low livestock levels.
•
Control scrub and tree regeneration by the manual clearance of vegetation and the reintroduction of grazing.
•
Manage burrowing animals in line with appropriate DEFRA guidelines.
•
Manage permissive access in order to avoid visitor erosion. This may involve the careful routing of visitors through the landscape, alternating
the routes before eroded footpaths develop in the grassland.
OBJECTIVES
OBJ 1: To unify the landscape and provide an appropriate setting for Stonehenge and its associated monuments.
OBJ 2: To conserve the historic landscape and archaeology of the area.
OBJ 3: To interpret and explain the historic landscape and the archaeology of the area.
Stonehenge Land Use Plan
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Land Use Cross
Ref.
Land Use
Objective
Management
Policy
(P)
(A)
OBJ 1:
To unify the
landscape and
provide an
appropriate
setting for
Stonehenge and
its associated
monuments.
HLAP 1: The
landscape setting for
Stonehenge should
be unified through
the removal of
intrusive 20th / 21st
Century features and
restoring the land to
grass.
HLAA 1.1: Following closure of the A344 linked to
the A303 draft Orders, help partners draw up plans for
the removal of the existing visitor facility structures.
Consider the suitability of, and the need for, the
construction of an unobtrusive site office in parallel
with the plans for the new visitor facilities.
(HLA)
Historic
Landscape &
Archaeology
HLAP 2
HLAP 3
HLAP 8
WHS
Management
Zones
A/ C/ D
AGP 5
AGP 6
Action
AGP
AGP
AGP
AGP
AGP
1
2
3
5
6
HLAP 2: Land
management should
be integrated across
the area to achieve an
appropriate landscape
setting.
0-5yrs
HLAA 1.2: Work in partnership to integrate the
reinstatement of the A303 and the A344 road corridors
and the existing visitor facilities/ car park with the
surrounding landscape.
5-30yrs
HLAA 1.3: Remove fences around monuments in the
wider landscape after an assessment of potential damage
by stock and burrowing animals. Ensure the
programme of boundary fence removal is linked with
the A303, A344 and new visitor centre construction
work.
5-30yrs
HLAA 1.4: In partnership with MOD, investigate
contamination issues, removal of structures and reintegration of sewage outfall site with wider landscape.
HLAP 1
Timing
HLAA 2.1: Extend the grassland within WHS
Management Zone C to provide an appropriate setting
for Stonehenge. Revert arable fields south of the
current A303 and areas on the estate within WHS
Zones A & E, to grassland.
0-5yrs
0-30yrs+
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Land Use Cross
Ref.
Land Use
Objective
(HLA)
Management
Policy
(P)
ACP 1
ACP 2
ACP 12
HLAP 1
HLAP 4
HLAP 5
HLAP 3: Develop
future land use
change within an
understanding of past
change.
AGP 3
ACP
ACP
ACP
ACP
ACP
Historic
Landscape &
Archaeology
WHS
Management
Zones
A/ C/ D
2
4
6
7
8
HLAP 3
HLAP 5
WP 3
WP 4
OBJ 2:
To conserve the
historic
landscape and
archaeology of
the area.
HLAP 4:
Monuments should
be cleared of trees
and scrub and the
inter-visibility of
monuments should
be reinstated where
appropriate.
Action
Timing
(A)
HLAA 2.2: Use grazing to unify landscape above
restored areas. Integrate land management in the
immediate area around the Stones with the wider
landscape. Continue to manage burrowing animals
across the extended grassland.
5-30yrs
HLAA 3.1: Include the results of the proposed
Historic Landscape Survey in the LUP 2006 review.
0-5yrs
HLAA 3.2: Include the results of a WHS Woodland
Strategy in the LUP 2006 review. Identify woodland
and trees that may require retention due to screening
or historic value.
0-5yrs
HLAA 3.3: Identify and implement an appropriate
model, which links monitoring and landscape
management. This model should help assess and inform
decisions on the acceptability of key changes in the
landscape.
0-5yrs
HLAA 4.1: In Seven Barrows Wood selectively fell
unwanted regeneration in front of barrows. All mature
beech to be retained. Thin out behind barrows as
necessary. Open up views of the Monarch of the Plain
by felling mixed broadleaves, grind stumps, return to
grazed pasture. Fell woodland adjacent to Longbarrow
Crossroads, grind stumps and return to grazed pasture.
0-5yrs
HLAA 4.2: Reintroduce grazing into areas where
woodland and scrub has been removed.
0-5yrs
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Land Use Cross
Ref.
Land Use
Objective
(HLA)
(P)
HLAP 3
HLAP 4
WP 3
WP 4
Historic
Landscape &
Archaeology
WHS
Management
Zones
A/ C/ D
Management
Policy
AGP 1
ACP 3
ACP 4
ACP 5
ACP 7
ACP 12
ACP 12
OBJ 3:
To interpret and
explain the
historic
landscape and
archaeology of
the area.
Action
Timing
(A)
HLAA 4.3: Continue to monitor burrowing animals
and take early action to remove/ exclude as appropriate
0-5yrs
HLAP 5: Retain
screening role of
woodland, replacing
conifers with
broadleaves, where
appropriate.
HLAA 5.1: Lightly thin exposed beech shelterbelt in
Long Barrow Plantation. Encourage existing
regeneration of beech and yew for screening MOD
housing. Ensure that regeneration does not conflict
with archaeological conservation.
0-5yrs
HLAP 6: Different
ground management
techniques should be
used to highlight
features or alleviate
pressure from stock/
visitors.
HLAA 6.1: Carry out differential mowing, rolling or
grazing with the aid of electric fences to enhance and
protect monuments.
0-5yrs
HLAA 6.2: Replace existing markers indicating
positions of former remains during reinstatement of
existing car park area. Sites should be identified clearly
on restored ground.
5-30yrs
HLAP 7:
Underlying
archaeology should
be interpreted where
possible.
HLAA 7.1: Record the archaeology of the Avenue
and then seek appropriate method of indicating the
alignment/ position of the Avenue as it crosses the line
of the former A344 and other archaeology, e.g. palisade
trench on top of the underpass.
5-30yrs
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17 August 2001
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Land Use Cross
Ref.
(HLA)
HLAP 1
ACP 3
ACP 13
ACP 6
Land Use
Objective
Management
Policy
Action
Timing
(P)
(A)
HLAP 8:
Take into account
how actions taken
within the estate may
affect land beyond
the Trust's
boundaries.
HLAA 8.1: Identify with neighbours, joint initiatives,
which integrate land management across ownership
boundaries.
0-5yrs
HLAA 8.2: Develop other methods of interpreting
Woodhenge. Investigate a joint approach with the
Avebury part of the WHS to re-interpret a range of
similar sites (e.g. The Sanctuary).
0-5yrs
HLAP 9: The Long HLAA 9.1: Investigate methods of enhancing the
Barrow on Bridleway Long Barrow without mixing new and old soil layers
39 should be made
and affecting the archaeological resource.
more visible.
0-5yrs
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2.2
Agriculture
How the area will be managed through the agricultural system.
PRINCIPLES
•
Take a new approach to how the Trust manages its tenancies on the estate, establishing close management control of the agricultural land.
•
Deliver extensive grassland in the core area around Stonehenge, amalgamating the existing and extended grassland areas into one
contiguous block and grazed by a low density of livestock.
•
Seek environmental improvements in arable systems, including the modification of arable cultivation techniques in order to conserve buried
archaeological remains and to conserve soils.
•
Improve the quality and structure of the existing permanent grassland habitat, seeking a floristically rich grassland and creating greater
diversity of species.
•
Enhance arable habitat, such as field margins, annual flowers and associated fauna (farm birds).
•
Seek a higher uptake of agri-environment options for arable reversion and grassland management across the area.
OBJECTIVES
OBJ 4: To conserve the historic landscape and archaeological resource, whilst retaining an agricultural working landscape.
OBJ 5: To reorganise the National Trust tenancies to enable the vision to be implemented.
OBJ 6: To achieve a high standard of environmental management.
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Land Use
Cross
Ref.
Land Use
Objective
Agriculture
AG
HLAP 2
HLAP 6
WHS
Management
Zones
A/ C/ D
AGP 2
AGP 5
AGP 6
OBJ 4:
To conserve the
historic
landscape and
archaeological
resource, whilst
retaining an
agricultural
working
landscape.
(A)
Management
Policy
(P)
WP 1
WP2
HLAP 2
AGP 1
AGP 5
WP 1
WP 2
HLAP 2
HLAP 3
AGP 7
Action
Timing
(A)
AGP 1:
Management of
existing and future
grassland areas
should ensure that
over-grazing is
avoided.
AGA 1.1: Introduce very low livestock levels to
reduce the risk of poaching and erosion of
archaeology.
0-30yrs+
AGA 1.2: Introduce summer cattle grazing, followed
by winter sheep grazing if required.
0-30yrs
AGP 2: Arable
reversion to
grassland above areas
of vulnerable
archaeology will be
sought.
AGA 2.1: Map priority areas for arable reversion
based on archaeological vulnerability. Base reversion
on the experience of the Seven Barrows Field
reversion project and similar sites.
0-5yrs
AGA 2.2: Apply for Countryside Stewardship WHS
Special Project enhanced payments if available.
0-5yrs
AGP 3: Agricultural
systems should not
impact upon the
historic landscape
setting.
AGA 3.1: Investigate the potential archaeological and
landscape impact of new water supplies. Prepare a plan
of water provision.
0-5yrs
AGA 3.2: Investigate and tackle areas suffering from
localised poaching, enrichment and erosion, especially
within the 'Bowl'. Prepare a list of priority tasks.
0-5yrs
AGP 4: Minimum
cultivation
techniques should be
used where arable
systems continue.
AGA 4.1: Seek improved conservation clauses relating
to minimal cultivation techniques, for Farm Business
Tenancy (FBT) on Countess Farm.
0-5yrs
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Land Use
Cross
Ref.
Land Use
Objective
HLAP 1
HLAP 2
OBJ 5:
To reorganise
the National
Trust tenancies
to enable the
vision to be
implemented.
(AG)
Agriculture
WHS
Management
Zone
C
Management
Policy
(P)
AGP 1
AGP 2
AGP 6
WP 1
WP 2
HLAP 1
HLAP 2
AGP 1
AGP 5
WP 1
Agriculture
AGP 4
WHS
Management
Zones
A/ C/ D
WP 1
WP 2
OBJ 6:
To achieve a
high standard of
environmental
management.
Action
Timing
(A)
AGP 5: Grassland
cover should be
expanded
throughout WHS
Management Zone
C.
AGA 5.1: Seek negotiated settlement with the holders
of Agricultural Holdings Act (AHAT) tenancies: Seek
arable reversion through WHS Countryside
Stewardship Special Project and enter into extensive
grazing system.
0-30yrs
AGP 6: Existing
and newly reverted
grassland should be
amalgamated into a
single area of
contiguous grazing.
AGA 6.1: Do not renew the existing FBT agreements
0-5yrs
AGA 6.2: Retain close management control of whole
estate (with the exception of the arable land on
Countess Farm). Let the extensive areas of grassland on
annual grazing licences.
0-30yrs
AGA 6.3: Phase fence removal between tenancies and
within tenancies. Install new stock and verminproof
boundary fencing where required. Use electric fencing
to manage stock.
0-30yrs
AGA 6.4: Employ warden with stock care/
management skills to oversee and liaise with graziers
promoting even grazing, to discourage erosion, and to
monitor the stock security & welfare.
0-5yrs
AGA 7.1: Investigate the feasibility of establishing
organic production.
0-5yrs
AGA 7.2: Introduce the National Trust code of
practice for the conservation of soils on arable land.
0-5yrs
AGP 7:
Improvements in
environmental
practices should be
sought across the
estate.
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2.3
Wildlife
How the opportunity will be taken to enhance the biodiversity of the Stonehenge area.
PRINCIPLES
•
Improve the biological information held by the National Trust, relating to the Stonehenge estate and to use this survey data to inform all
subsequent work on the estate.
•
Help deliver regional and World Heritage Site nature conservation objectives.
•
Enhance and then maintain the nature conservation value of the area, without conflicting with the objectives for archaeology and access.
•
Improve the diversity of species and habitat structure on existing grassland through appropriate grazing or cutting and to increase the
overall area of grassland habitat.
•
Source local seed, where feasible, for use in creating permanent grassland.
•
Enhance the nature conservation of existing woodlands and to keep scrub habitat within woodlands, where appropriate.
•
Maximise the contribution to biodiversity targets for farmland species (e.g. hares, arable weeds, farmland birds etc.) in arable areas.
OBJECTIVES
OBJ 7: To enhance and then maintain the nature conservation value of grassland and arable areas.
OBJ 8: To enhance and then maintain the nature conservation value of woodland.
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Land Use
Cross
Ref.
Land Use
Objective
Management
Policy
(P)
(A)
OBJ 7:
To enhance and
then maintain
the nature
conservation
value of
grassland and
arable areas.
WP 1: The area of
grassland habitat
should be extended
and the species and
structural diversity
enhanced, the aim
being to establish a
flower rich and well
structured grassland
with tussocks.
WA 1.1: Compile all existing survey data and
improve the biological information base with further
surveys of the estate, as required.
0-5yrs
WA 1.2: Introduce an appropriate grazing regime to
allow for the grassland to flower during spring/
summer, where possible.
0-5yrs
WA 1.3: Allow an open sward to encourage natural
regeneration/ colonisation. Take care not to
encourage spread of noxious weeds.
0-5yrs
(W)
Wildlife
WHS
Management
Zones
A/ C/ D
AGP
AGP
AGP
AGP
AGP
1
2
5
6
7
Action
WA 1.4: Review approaches to nutrient depletion.
Identify methods of depletion that are feasible and
acceptable and implement.
Timing
0-5yrs
(Substantial nutrient
depletion is likely to
take 30yrs+)
WA 1.5: Carry out 2nd soil survey after 5yrs to
identify success of nutrient depletion.
5-30yrs
WA 1.6: Investigate the use of pennings for folding
sheep at night outside the ‘Bowl’. This will help to
reduce the nitrogen input into the soil. Avoid areas
with sensitive archaeology.
0-5yrs
WA 1.7: Influence the design of the areas for
restoration along route of A303 tunnel as proposals
are developed by the Highways Agency.
0-5yrs
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Land Use
Cross
Ref.
Land Use
Objective
(W)
AGP
AGP
AGP
AGP
Wildlife
WHS
Management
Zones
A/ C/ D
1
2
5
7
HLAP 4
HLAP 5
WP 4
HLAP 4
HLAP 5
WP 3
OBJ 8:
To enhance and
then maintain
the nature
conservation
value of
remaining
woodland.
Management
Policy
Action
Timing
(P)
(A)
WP 2: The use of
Countryside
Stewardship options
to deliver
conservation gains
on both arable and
grassland areas
should be
encouraged.
WA 2.1: Use locally collected seed for arable
reversion. Manage these fields with a grazing regime
flexible enough to respond to developing conditions.
0-5yrs
WA 2.2: Seek the use of grassland leys within
rotations, spring cereals and wintering stubbles,
features such as conservation headlands, beetle banks
and suitably placed stone curlew habitat.
0-5yrs
WP 3: All
WA 3.1: Identify areas of archaeology within
woodland work
woodlands and take appropriate protection measures
should take into
before woodland work commences.
account the potential
impact on
archaeology and
consider appropriate
timing.
0-5yrs
WP 4: The
biodiversity of
existing woodlands
will be enhanced
where possible.
WA 4.1: In Fargo Plantation fell Scots pine. Fell
Corsican pine. Coppice hazel and remove cankered
ash. In Seven Barrows Wood coppice hazel, re-space
regeneration and remove alder nurses. In
Luxenborough Plantation, keep barrows clear of
encroaching woody vegetation. Improve habitat
structure in Half Moon Clump.
0-5yrs
WA 4.2: Protect badger setts and bat roosts from
damage, and create and retain deadwood habitats in
all woodlands.
0-5yrs
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2.4
Access & Interpretation
How visitors will be able to rediscover and enjoy this landscape.
PRINCIPLES
•
Create a predominantly open downland landscape through which people on foot can freely move.
•
Provide opportunities for all to discover and increase their awareness and understanding of the significance of the Stonehenge landscape.
•
Sustain appropriate recreational use that is compatible with the conservation interests in the landscape.
•
Secure an environmentally acceptable solution for providing transport links from the visitor centre to agreed drop-off points within the
landscape.
•
Foster effective liaison with the local community and interest groups in the management of the estate.
•
Contribute to the wider environmental quality and social and economic wellbeing of this part of Wiltshire.
OBJECTIVES
OBJ 9:
To provide sustainable visitor transport to a series of dropoff points on the estate, enabling better access to the wider landscape for
all visitors.
OBJ 10:
To encourage appropriate use of existing paths and create new ones to enhance accessibility.
OBJ 11:
To encourage appropriate use of existing open access areas and the creation of new open access areas.
OBJ 12:
To encourage other types of quiet recreational enjoyment, where appropriate e.g. horses, cycling, carriage driving etc.
OBJ 13:
To provide information, informal and formal education opportunities and interpretation.
OBJ 14:
To use Countess Farm Buildings in the most effective and appropriate way.
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Land Use
Cross
Ref.
Land Use
Objective
Management
Policy
Access
HLAP 2
(P)
(A)
ACP 5
ACP 9
ACP 10
ACP 1: All Rights
of Ways into and
over the estate
should be signed and
maintained to a high
standard.
ACA 1.1: Help the Highway Authority to fulfil their
obligations on the rights of way across the estate. Work
with the Countryside Agency to define areas of access
under the CROW Act.
0-5yrs
WHS
Management
Zones
A/ C/ D
OBJ 9:
To encourage
appropriate use
of existing paths
and create new
ones to enhance
accessibility.
ACA 1.2: Support a WHS access user group to
investigate the issues and find solutions on the Byways
throughout the World Heritage Site, especially Byway
12.
0-5yrs
ACA 1.3: Use the opportunity provided by the tunnel
scheme to link up the Public Rights of Way and
improve the network.
5-30yrs
ACP 2: Take
opportunities to
divert paths that
cause damage to
archaeology, where
appropriate.
ACA 2.1: Seek to move Bridleway 39 off the Long
Barrow.
0-5yrs
ACP 3: Existing
and new paths will
be linked to points
of interest in the
landscape.
ACA 3.1 Provide circular routes where possible to
reduce double walking of paths. Shift grass routes
regularly before they show signs of wear & tear.
0-5yrs
ACA 3.2: Provide bicycle racks and horse tethering
points away from the Stone Circle on main access
routes.
0-5yrs
ACA 3.3: Link Woodhenge and Durrington Walls
with wider landscape.
0-5yrs
(AC)
HLAP 2
HLAP 3
HLAP 9
ACP 4
Access
WHS
Management
Zones
A/ C/ D
HLAP 6
HLAP 8
OBJ 10:
To encourage
appropriate use
of existing open
access areas and
the creation of
new open access
areas.
Action
Timing
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Land Use
Cross
Ref.
Land Use
Objective
(AC)
Management
Policy
(P)
HLAP 3
HLAP 6
HLAP 6
WHS
Management
Zones
A/ C/ D
ACP 1
ACP 4
ACP 7
ACP 10
OBJ 11:
To encourage
other types of
quiet
recreational
enjoyment,
where
appropriate –
horses, cycling,
carriage driving
etc.
Timing
(A)
ACA 3.4: Link walking routes with an archaeological
storyline, for visitor management, conservation
purposes and for attractive views.
0-5yrs
ACP 4: Regularly
monitor access.
ACA 4.1: Prevent damage to archaeology through
monitoring, protective management or remedial work
as necessary and linked to the approach developed in
HLAA 3.3.
0-30yrs
ACP 5: Effective
visitor management
infrastructure should
be created.
ACA 5.1: Define a strategy to prevent conflicts
between user groups.
0-5yrs
ACA 5.2: Where conflict does occur, the adoption of
appropriate management will be undertaken in
conjunction with the users themselves. Repair and if
necessary, restrict temporarily access to areas suffering
erosion.
0-5yrs
ACA 5.3: Provide information on appropriate
recreational activities for the wider landscape. The
information should be clear, yet encouraging.
0-5yrs
ACA 5.4: Review pheasant shooting licences.
0-5yrs
ACA 5.5: Provide sufficient staffing cover and effective
liaison with key organisations/ interest groups for key
events (summer solstice).
0-5yrs
ACA 5.6: Provide wardens to welcome and supervise
visitors, act as monument guides, discourage/ prevent
unacceptable behaviour (e.g. no cycling near Stone
Circle) and monitor pressure.
5-30yrs
ACP 2
ACP 5
ACP 7
Access
Action
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Land Use
Cross
Ref.
Land Use
Objective
Management
Policy
(P)
(A)
HLAP 3
OBJ 12:
To provide
sustainable
visitor transport
to a series of
drop off points
on the estate,
enabling better
access to the
wider landscape
for all visitors.
ACP 6: A principal
sustainable transport
route and a principal
walking route should
be provided between
the proposed new
visitor centre and
King Barrows Ridge.
ACA 6.1: In partnership with EH, investigate and
agree an appropriate route for visitor transport. Identify
and agree method of onward mode of travel and routes
to the Stone Circle.
0-5yrs
ACA 6.2: In partnership with EH, identify and agree a
route providing a principal walking route from the
proposed visitor centre to King Barrows Ridge.
0-5yrs
ACP 7: The
distribution of
visitors should be
varied regularly to
prevent permanent
desire lines forming.
ACA 7.1: Identify variety of drop-off points that could
be used in sequence to reduce impacts on the ground.
Investigate methods of directing and preventing visitor
desire lines forming. Develop a visitor management
plan.
0-5yrs
HLAP 3
ACP 8: Alternatives
to the use of
mechanical transport
will be sought.
ACA 8.1: Investigate the feasibility of using alternative
forms of transport, e.g. cycling, horse riding, carthorses
etc. Consider appropriate surfaces for each user type.
0-5yrs
ACP 1
ACP 10
ACP 9: ‘Access for
All’ facilities should
be provided where
possible.
ACA 9.1: Carry out a disabled access audit of the
estate. Grade routes according to accessibility and
provide information to visitors prior to visit.
0-5yrs
ACA 9.2: Replace stiles with gates suitable for
wheelchair access, where fences are still required.
0-5yrs
(AC)
Access
AC
WHS
Management
Zones C/ D
HLAP 3
HLAP 6
ACP 4
ACP 5
Action
Timing
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Land Use
Cross
Ref.
Land Use
Objective
Management
Policy
(P)
(A)
ACP 1
ACP 5
ACP 9
OBJ 13:
To provide
information,
informal &
formal education
opportunities &
interpretation.
ACP 10: A
welcoming approach
to visitors should be
provided along with
good quality
information on how
to reach the area,
where to go, what to
do and what to see.
ACA 10.1: Develop joint information on visitor
routes, accessibility, facilities, walking/ transport times,
points of interest and bylaws.
0-5yrs
ACA 10.2: Identify suitable locations for benches,
information/ interpretation etc. Provide positive and
informative signs and notices, friendly staff and
volunteers.
0-5yrs
ACA 10.3: Investigate the provision of a mobile
information facility, which could be moved to different
access points.
0-5yrs
ACP 11: Integrate
the work of the NT
Countryside
Education
Programme with
provision of informal
and formal
education.
ACA 11.1 Continue and develop NT guardianship
links with local schools e.g. between Amesbury and
Countess Farm.
0-5yrs
ACA 11.2: Develop access for research within the
context of the WHS Research Framework.
0-5yrs
ACP 12:
Interpretation should
be developed that
works for multiple
entry points, links
Stonehenge with its
wider landscape and
is accessible for all
visitors.
ACA 12.1: Implement the interim interpretation plan
for the estate. Review the interpretation plan in 2006
and set within a World Heritage Site interpretation
strategy.
5-30yrs
ACA 12.2: Gather local history records and personal
accounts of Stonehenge and the estate. Explore
opportunities for these to be made available to the
public as part of the interpretation strategy.
0-5yrs
(AC)
Access
WHS
Management
Zones
A/ C/ D
ACP 13
HLAP 2
HLAP 6
HLAP 7
Action
Timing
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Land Use
Cross
Ref.
Land Use
Objective
(AC)
Management
Policy
(P)
Access
HLAP 8
WHS
Management
Zone D
ACP 11
OBJ 14:
To use Countess
Farm Buildings
in the most
effective and
appropriate way.
ACP 13:
Alternative options
for Countess Farm
should be developed,
whilst protecting and
conserving the
character of the
farmyard area and
Listed Buildings.
Action
Timing
(A)
ACA 12.3: Investigate the potential for creating
appropriate orientation points for visitors entering the
estate from elsewhere in the WHS.
0-5yrs
ACA 12.4: Integrate the interpretation plan and media
with the new visitor centre.
0-5yrs
ACA 13.1: Investigate the feasibility of a variety of uses
for Countess Farm, subject to statutory consents, e.g.
• Base for land management/ estate office.
• Horse stabling.
• A demonstration working farm.
• Educational or Field Studies Centre.
• Small youth hostel.
• Retain some of the existing agricultural uses of the
Farm, e.g. Grain drying and winter stock housing.
0-5yrs
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PLANS OF LAND USE CHANGE
LUC 1:
LUC 2:
LUC 3:
LUC 4:
LUC 5:
LUC 6:
Existing Grassland, Arable & Woodland
Phase 1: Grassland Expansion 0-5yrs
Phase 2: Grassland Expansion 0-5yrs
Phase 3: Grassland Expansion 0-30yrs
Phase 4: Grassland Expansion 0-30yrs
Phase 5: Grassland Expansion 0-30yrs+
Stonehenge Land Use Plan
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Existing Land Use Types
Grassland
Arable
Woodland
NT Estate
Boundary
&
Reproduced from O.S. 1997
scale map 1:2500 with permission
of the Controller of HM Stationery Office (c) AL-542873
Digital data supplied by English Heritage Central Archaeology Service, current in April 2000
The National Trust
Stonehenge Estate
Land Use Plan
Not to scale
Indicative Layout
Map LUC 1: Existing Grassland, Arable & Woodland
July 2001
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Proposed Land Use Types
Grassland
Arable
Woodland
NT Estate
Boundary
&
Reproduced from O.S. 1997
scale map 1:2500 with permission
of the Controller of HM Stationery Office (c) AL-542873
Digital data supplied by English Heritage Central Archaeology Service, current in April 2000
The National Trust
Stonehenge Estate
Land Use Plan
Not to scale
Indicative Layout
Map LUC 2: Phase 1 Grassland Expansion 0-5yrs
July 2001
Stonehenge Land Use Plan
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17 August 2001
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Proposed Land Use Types
Grassland
Arable
Woodland
NT Estate
Boundary
&
Reproduced from O.S. 1997
scale map 1:2500 with permission
of the Controller of HM Stationery Office (c) AL-542873
Digital data supplied by English Heritage Central Archaeology Service, current in April 2000
The National Trust
Stonehenge Estate
Land Use Plan
Not to scale
Indicative Layout
Map LUC 3: Phase 2 Grassland Expansion 0-5yrs
July 2001
Stonehenge Land Use Plan
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17 August 2001
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Proposed Land Use Types
Grassland
Arable
Woodland
NT Estate
Boundary
&
Reproduced from O.S. 1997
scale map 1:2500 with permission
of the Controller of HM Stationery Office (c) AL-542873
Digital data supplied by English Heritage Central Archaeology Service, current in April 2000
The National Trust
Stonehenge Estate
Land Use Plan
Not to scale
Indicative Layout
Map LUC 4: Phase 3 Grassland Expansion 0-5yrs
July 2001
Stonehenge Land Use Plan
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17 August 2001
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Proposed Land Use Types
Grassland
Arable
Woodland
NT Estate
Boundary
Roads removed from around
Stonehenge by 2008
&
Reproduced from O.S. 1997
scale map 1:2500 with permission
of the Controller of HM Staionary Office (c) AL-542873
Digital data supplied by English Heritage Central Archaeology Service, current in April 2000
The National Trust
Stonehenge Estate
Land Use Plan
Not to scale
Indicative Layout
Map LUC 5: Phase 4 Grassland Expansion 0-30yrs
July 2001
Stonehenge Land Use Plan
The National Trust
17 August 2001
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Proposed Land Use Types
Grassland
Arable
Woodland
NT Estate
Boundary
&
Reproduced from O.S. 1997
scale map 1:2500 with permission
of the Controller of HM Staionary Office (c) AL-542873
Digital data supplied by English Heritage Central Archaeology Service, current in April 2000
The National Trust
Stonehenge Estate
Land Use Plan
Not to scale
Indicative Layout
Map LUC 6: Phase 5 Grassland Expansion 0-30yrs+
July 2001
Stonehenge Land Use Plan
The National Trust
17 August 2001
55/ 56
Stonehenge Land Use Plan
The National Trust
17 August 2001
56/ 56